lesson 17 remaining vocab

2026-07-30 18:40:54 +07:00
1 parent f707f2025b
commit c836385bde
@@ -280,6 +280,178 @@ vocabulary:
          en: I supervised the students while they wrote an **exam**
        - ko: 저는 영어 문법을 열심히 공부했고 **시험**을 잘 봤어요
          en: I studied English grammar hard and then did well on the **test**
+
+  verbs:
+    - ko: 머무르다
+      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v29.mp3
+      en: to stay
+      notes: |
+        <p>머무르다 follows the 르 irregular</p>
+        <p>머무르다 can be used as 머물다, which is actually a shortened version of 머무르다.</p>
+        <p>머무르다 can be used any way and with any grammatical principle, but must be used in accordance with the 르 irregular. For example: "한국에서 온 교환학생이 우리 집에서 1년 동안 머물렀어요" = "A Korean exchange student stayed at our house for a year"</p>
+        <p>However, 머물다 cannot be used with all grammatical principles.</p>
+        <p>Any grammatical principle that starts with a consonant (and there is no option other than that one consonant), can be added to 머물다. For example: 머물자, 머물고, 머물겠다, 머물지 않다</p>
+        <p>If a grammatical principle that is added to 머물다 is a vowel – and there is no other option other than a vowel – then that grammatical principle cannot be added to 머물다. The two most common grammatical principles where this occurs is when conjugating in the past or present tenses. For example: 머물다 + ~아/어(요) = ~~머물어요~~ – this is incorrect. 머물다 + ~았/었어요 = ~~머물었어요~~ – this is incorrect</p>
+        <p>See Lesson 97 for more information.</p>
+      examples:
+        - ko: 우리는 10일 동안 부산에서 **머물렀어요**
+          en: We **stayed** in Busan for 10 days
+
+    - ko: 쉬다
+      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v30.mp3
+      en: to relax, to rest
+      examples:
+        - ko: 빨리 집에 가서 **쉬**세요!
+          en: Go home quickly and **rest**!
+
+    - ko: 보내다
+      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v31.mp3
+      en: to send
+      examples:
+        - ko: 저는 옛날 친구한테 편지를 **보냈어요**
+          en: I **sent** a letter to an old friend
+        - ko: 저는 저의 여자 친구한테 문자를 **보냈어요**
+          en: I **sent** a text message to my girlfriend
+        - ko: 좋은 시간을 **보내세요**
+          en: Have a good time!
+        - ko: 파일을 몇 개 **보냈어요**?
+          en: How many files did you **send**?
+        - ko: 저는 파일을 2시쯤 **보낼 거예요**
+          en: I will **send** the file at approximately 2:00
+
+    - ko: 걸어오다
+      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v32.mp3
+      en: to come by walking
+      notes: Compound verb of 걷다 + 오다
+      examples:
+        - ko: 우리는 차가 없어서 집에 **걸어왔어요**
+          en: We didn't have a car so we **walked** home
+
+    - ko: 걸어가다
+      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v33.mp3
+      en: to go by walking
+      notes: Compound verb of 걷다 + 가다
+      examples:
+        - ko: "전철역까지 **걸어갈래요**?"
+          en: Shall we **walk** to the subway station?
+
+    - ko: 초대하다
+      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v34.mp3
+      en: to invite
+      notes: The noun form of this word translates to "invitation"
+      examples:
+        - ko: 친구 열 명을 저의 생일 파티에 **초대했어요**
+          en: I **invited** ten people to my birthday party
+        - ko: 저는 저의 친구를 파티에 **초대하**고 싶어요
+          en: I want to **invite** my friend to the party
+        - ko: 나는 너를 파티에 **초대하**고 싶지 않아
+          en: I don't want to **invite** you to the party
+
+    - ko: 울다
+      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v35.mp3
+      en: to cry
+      notes: 울다 follows the ㄹ irregular
+      examples:
+        - ko: 우리 애기는 매일 밤 많이 **울어요**
+          en: Our baby **cries** a lot every night
+        - ko: 엄마가 갔을 때 저는 **울었어요**
+          en: When mom left, I **cried**
+
+    - ko: 환영하다
+      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v36.mp3
+      en: to welcome
+      examples:
+        - ko: 제 여자 친구는 저의 남동생을 반갑게 **환영했어요**
+          en: My girlfriend happily **welcomed** my younger brother
+
+  adjectives:
+    - ko: 반갑다
+      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v37.mp3
+      en: to be happy when meeting somebody
+      notes: |
+        <p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "반갑따"</p>
+        <p>반갑다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
+        <p>As a beginner, you will mostly use 반갑다 when you say "만나서 반갑습니다," or as "반갑게" as shown in the examples below.</p>
+      examples:
+        - ko: 만나서 **반갑습니다**
+          en: "**nice** to meet you"
+        - ko: 저는 친구에게 **반갑게** 인사했어요
+          en: I greeted my friend **happily**
+
+    - ko: 따뜻하다
+      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v38.mp3
+      en: to be warm
+      notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "따뜨타다"
+      examples:
+        - ko: 날씨가 추워서 **따뜻한** 옷을 입었어요
+          en: The weather is cold, so I put on **warm** clothes
+        - ko: 그 사람의 마음은 **따뜻해요**
+          en: That person has a **warm** heart
+        - ko: 저는 **따뜻한** 날씨를 좋아해요
+          en: I like **warm** weather
+        - ko: 오늘 날씨는 어제보다 더 **따뜻해요**
+          en: Today's weather is **warmer** than yesterday
+        - ko: 저는 **따뜻한** 옷을 입고 싶어요
+          en: I want to wear (put on) **warm** clothes
+        - ko: 오늘 너무 힘들어서 저는 **따뜻한** 목욕을 하고 싶어요
+          en: Today was really difficult, so I want to take a **warm** bath
+
+    - ko: 높다
+      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v39.mp3
+      en: to be high
+      notes: |
+        <p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "놉따"</p>
+        <p>To increase (or to heighten) something, the verb 높이다 can be used.</p>
+      examples:
+        - ko: 애기는 **높은** 소파에서 떨어졌어요
+          en: The baby fell from the **high** sofa
+        - ko: 그 건물은 너무 **높아요**
+          en: That building is very **high**
+        - ko: 한국 집값은 일본 집값보다 훨씬 **높아요**
+          en: The price of Korean houses is much **higher** than the price of Japanese houses
+
+    - ko: 가난하다
+      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v40.mp3
+      en: to be poor
+      notes: The noun form of this word translates to "poverty"
+      examples:
+        - ko: 저는 매우 **가난해요**
+          en: I am very **poor**
+        - ko: 그 동네에는 **가난한** 사람이 많아요
+          en: There are many **poor** people in that neighborhood
+
+    - ko: 낮다
+      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v42.mp3
+      en: to be low
+      notes: |
+        <p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "낟따"</p>
+        <p>To decrease (or to lower) something, the verb 낮추다 can be used.</p>
+      examples:
+        - ko: 이 탁자가 너무 **낮아요**
+          en: This table is too **low**
+        - ko: 의자는 탁자보다 더 **낮아요**
+          en: The chair is **lower** than the table
+        - ko: 이 산은 높고 저 산은 **낮아요**
+          en: This mountain is high, but that mountain is **low**
+
+  adverbs:
+    - ko: 권
+      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v43.mp3
+      en: a counter for books/magazines/etc
+      examples:
+        - ko: 저는 1년에 책 열 **권**을 읽을 수 있어요
+          en: I can read 10 books in one year
+
+    - ko: 분
+      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v44.mp3
+      en: person – high respect form, also a high-respect counter for people
+      notes: |
+        <p>This is used instead of "사람" when the person deserves high respect. "분" is also used instead of "명" as a counter when the person deserves high respect.</p>
+      examples:
+        - ko: 그 **분**은 저의 선생님이에요
+          en: That **person** is my teacher
+        - ko: 선생님 몇 **분** 올 거예요?
+          en: How many teachers will come?
 ---

 # Lesson 17: Connecting Particle \~고 and \~고 싶다 “I want to”
@@ -772,31 +944,36 @@ Examples:
 머무르다 follows the 르 irregular

 Common Usages:
-장소에 머무르다 = to stay at a place

-Notes: 머무르다 can be used as 머물다, which is actually a shortened version of 머무르다.
+- <TTS>장소에 머무르다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to stay at a place</span>
+
+Notes:
+
+머무르다 can be used as <TTS>머물다</TTS>, which is actually a shortened version of 머무르다.

 머무르다 can be used any way and with any grammatical principle, but must be used in accordance with the 르 irregular. For example:

-한국에서 온 교환학생이 우리 집에서 1년 동안 머물렀어요 = A Korean exchange student stayed at our house for a year
+- 한국에서 온 교환학생이 우리 집에서 1년 동안 **머물렀어요** = <span class="md spoiler">A Korean exchange student **stayed** at our house for a year</span>

 However, 머물다 cannot be used with all grammatical principles.
+
 Any grammatical principle that starts with a consonant (and there is no option other than that one consonant), can be added to 머물다. For example:

-머물다 + \~자 = 머물자 = okay
-머물다 + \~고 = 머물고 = okay
-머물다 + 겠다 = 머물겠다 = okay
-머물다 + \~지 않다 = 머물지 않다 = okay
+- 머물다 + \~자 = 머물자 = okay
+- 머물다 + \~고 = 머물고 = okay
+- 머물다 + 겠다 = 머물겠다 = okay
+- 머물다 + \~지 않다 = 머물지 않다 = okay

 If a grammatical principle that is added to 머물다 is a vowel – and there is no other option other than a vowel – then that grammatical principle cannot be added to 머물다. The two most common grammatical principles where this occurs is when conjugating in the past or present tenses. For example:

-머물다 + \~아/어(요) = 머물어요 – this is incorrect
-머물다 + \~았/었어요 = 머물었어요 – this is incorrect
+- 머물다 + \~아/어(요) = ~~머물어요~~ – this is incorrect
+- 머물다 + \~았/었어요 = ~~머물었어요~~ – this is incorrect
+
 See [Lesson 97](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/upper-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-4-lessons-92-100/lesson-97/ "Lesson 97: Abbreviated Conjugations: 갖다 and 머물다") for more information.

 Example:

-우리는 10일 동안 부산에서 **머물렀어요** = We **stayed** in Busan for 10 days
+- 우리는 10일 동안 부산에서 **머물렀어요** = <span class="md spoiler">We **stayed** in Busan for 10 days</span>

 </Details>

@@ -805,12 +982,14 @@ Example:
 <Details>

 Common Usages:
-쉬고 싶다 = to want to relax
-하루만 쉬다 = to relax for only one day
-쉬는 날 = a day off/break day (literally, “rest day”)
+
+- <TTS>쉬고 싶다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to want to relax</span>
+- <TTS>하루만 쉬다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to relax for only one day</span>
+- <TTS>쉬는 날</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">a day off/break day (literally, “rest day”)</span>

 Example:
-빨리 집에 가서 **쉬**세요! = Go home quickly and **rest**!
+
+- 빨리 집에 가서 **쉬**세요! = <span class="md spoiler">Go home quickly and **rest**!</span>

 </Details>

@@ -819,17 +998,19 @@ Example:
 <Details>

 Common Usages:
-택배를 보내다 = to send a package
-돌려보내다 = to send back (return)
-시간을 보내다 = to spend time doing something
-시집을 보내다 = “send your daughter off” (let her get married)
+
+- <TTS>택배를 보내다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to send a package</span>
+- <TTS>돌려보내다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to send back (return)</span>
+- <TTS>시간을 보내다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to spend time doing something</span>
+- <TTS>시집을 보내다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">“send your daughter off” (let her get married)</span>

 Example:
-저는 옛날 친구한테 편지를 **보냈어요** = I **sent** a letter to an old friend
-저는 저의 여자 친구한테 문자를 **보냈어요** = I **sent** a text message to my girlfriend
-좋은 시간을 **보내세요** = Have a good time!
-파일을 몇 개 **보냈어요**? = How many files did you **send**?
-저는 파일을 2시쯤 **보낼** **거예요** = I will **send** the file at approximately 2:00
+
+- 저는 옛날 친구한테 편지를 **보냈어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **sent** a letter to an old friend</span>
+- 저는 저의 여자 친구한테 문자를 **보냈어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **sent** a text message to my girlfriend</span>
+- 좋은 시간을 **보내세요** = <span class="md spoiler">Have a good time!</span>
+- 파일을 몇 개 **보냈어요**? = <span class="md spoiler">How many files did you **send**?</span>
+- 저는 파일을 2시쯤 **보낼 거예요** = <span class="md spoiler">I will **send** the file at approximately 2:00</span>

 </Details>

@@ -837,10 +1018,13 @@ Example:

 <Details>

-Notes: Compound verb of 걷다 + 오다
+Notes:
+
+Compound verb of 걷다 + 오다

 Example:
-우리는 차가 없어서 집에 **걸어왔어요** = We didn’t have a car so we **walked** home
+
+- 우리는 차가 없어서 집에 **걸어왔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">We didn’t have a car so we **walked** home</span>

 </Details>

@@ -848,10 +1032,13 @@ Example:

 <Details>

-Notes: Compound verb of 걷다 + 가다
+Notes:
+
+Compound verb of 걷다 + 가다

 Example:
-전철역까지 **걸어갈래요**? = Shall we **walk** to the subway station?
+
+- 전철역까지 **걸어갈래요**? = <span class="md spoiler">Shall we **walk** to the subway station?</span>

 </Details>

@@ -862,9 +1049,10 @@ Example:
 The noun form of this word translates to “invitation”

 Examples:
-친구 열 명을 저의 생일 파티에 **초대했어요** = I **invited** ten people to my birthday party
-저는 저의 친구를 파티에 **초대하**고 싶어요 = I want to **invite** my friend to the party
-나는 너를 파티에 **초대하**고 싶지 않아 = I don’t want to **invite** you to the party
+
+- 친구 열 명을 저의 생일 파티에 **초대했어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **invited** ten people to my birthday party</span>
+- 저는 저의 친구를 파티에 **초대하**고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to **invite** my friend to the party</span>
+- 나는 너를 파티에 **초대하**고 싶지 않아 = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t want to **invite** you to the party</span>

 </Details>

@@ -875,11 +1063,13 @@ Examples:
 울다 follows the ㄹ irregular

 Common Usages:
-울지 마세요! = don’t cry!
+
+- <TTS>울지 마세요!</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">don’t cry!</span>

 Examples:
-우리 애기는 매일 밤 많이 **울어요** = Our baby **cries** a lot every night
-엄마가 갔을 때 저는 **울었어요** = When mom left, I **cried**
+
+- 우리 애기는 매일 밤 많이 **울어요** = <span class="md spoiler">Our baby **cries** a lot every night</span>
+- 엄마가 갔을 때 저는 **울었어요** = <span class="md spoiler">When mom left, I **cried**</span>

 </Details>

@@ -888,7 +1078,8 @@ Examples:
 <Details>

 Example:
-제 여자 친구는 저의 남동생을 반갑게 **환영했어요** = My girlfriend happily **welcomed** my younger brother
+
+- 제 여자 친구는 저의 남동생을 반갑게 **환영했어요** = <span class="md spoiler">My girlfriend happily **welcomed** my younger brother</span>

 </Details>

@@ -902,11 +1093,14 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “반갑따”

 반갑다 follows the ㅂ irregular

-Notes: As a beginner, you will mostly use 반갑다 when you say “만나서 반갑습니다,” or as “반갑게” as shown in the examples below.
+Notes:
+
+As a beginner, you will mostly use 반갑다 when you say “<TTS>만나서 반갑습니다</TTS>,” or as “<TTS>반갑게</TTS>” as shown in the examples below.

 Example:
-만나서 **반갑습니다** = **nice** to meet you
-저는 친구에게 **반갑게** 인사했어요 = I greeted my friend **happily**
+
+- 만나서 **반갑습니다** = <span class="md spoiler">**nice** to meet you</span>
+- 저는 친구에게 **반갑게** 인사했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I greeted my friend **happily**</span>

 </Details>

@@ -915,19 +1109,22 @@ Example:
 <Details>

 The pronunciation of this word is closer to “따뜨타다”
+
 Common Usages:
-따뜻하게 = warmly
-따뜻하게 입다 = to dress warmly
-따뜻한 마음 = a warm heart
-날씨가 따뜻하다 = for the weather to be warm
+
+- <TTS>따뜻하게</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">warmly</span>
+- <TTS>따뜻하게 입다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to dress warmly</span>
+- <TTS>따뜻한 마음</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">a warm heart</span>
+- <TTS>날씨가 따뜻하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">for the weather to be warm</span>

 Examples:
-날씨가 추워서 **따뜻한** 옷을 입었어요 = The weather is cold, so I put on **warm** clothes
-그 사람의 마음은 **따뜻해요** = That person has a **warm** heart
-저는 **따뜻한** 날씨를 좋아해요 = I like **warm** weather
-오늘 날씨는 어제보다 더 **따뜻해요** = Today’s weather is **warmer** than yesterday
-저는 **따뜻한** 옷을 입고 싶어요 = I want to wear (put on) **warm** clothes
-오늘 너무 힘들어서 저는 **따뜻한** 목욕을 하고 싶어요 = Today was really difficult, so I want to take a **warm** bath
+
+- 날씨가 추워서 **따뜻한** 옷을 입었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The weather is cold, so I put on **warm** clothes</span>
+- 그 사람의 마음은 **따뜻해요** = <span class="md spoiler">That person has a **warm** heart</span>
+- 저는 **따뜻한** 날씨를 좋아해요 = <span class="md spoiler">I like **warm** weather</span>
+- 오늘 날씨는 어제보다 더 **따뜻해요** = <span class="md spoiler">Today’s weather is **warmer** than yesterday</span>
+- 저는 **따뜻한** 옷을 입고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to wear (put on) **warm** clothes</span>
+- 오늘 너무 힘들어서 저는 **따뜻한** 목욕을 하고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Today was really difficult, so I want to take a **warm** bath</span>

 </Details>

@@ -938,14 +1135,18 @@ Examples:
 The pronunciation of this word is closer to “놉따”

 Common Usages:
-밀도가 높다 = to be dense (literally, for the density to be high)

-Notes: To increase (or to heighten) something, the verb 높이다 can be used.
+- <TTS>밀도가 높다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to be dense (literally, for the density to be high)</span>
+
+Notes:
+
+To increase (or to heighten) something, the verb <TTS>높이다</TTS> can be used.

 Examples:
-애기는 **높은** 소파에서 떨어졌어요 = The baby fell from the **high** sofa
-그 건물은 너무 **높아요** = That building is very **high**
-한국 집값은 일본 집값보다 훨씬 **높아요** = The price of Korean houses is much **higher** than the price of Japanese houses
+
+- 애기는 **높은** 소파에서 떨어졌어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The baby fell from the **high** sofa</span>
+- 그 건물은 너무 **높아요** = <span class="md spoiler">That building is very **high**</span>
+- 한국 집값은 일본 집값보다 훨씬 **높아요** = <span class="md spoiler">The price of Korean houses is much **higher** than the price of Japanese houses</span>

 </Details>

@@ -956,12 +1157,14 @@ Examples:
 The noun form of this word translates to “poverty”

 Common Usages:
-가난한 사람 = poor person
-가난한 동네 = poor neighborhood
+
+- <TTS>가난한 사람</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">poor person</span>
+- <TTS>가난한 동네</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">poor neighborhood</span>

 Examples:
-저는 매우 **가난해요**= I am very **poor**
-그 동네에는 **가난한** 사람이 많아요 = There are many **poor** people in that neighborhood
+
+- 저는 매우 **가난해요** = <span class="md spoiler">I am very **poor**</span>
+- 그 동네에는 **가난한** 사람이 많아요 = <span class="md spoiler">There are many **poor** people in that neighborhood</span>

 </Details>

@@ -971,12 +1174,15 @@ Examples:

 The pronunciation of this word is closer to “낟따”

-Notes: To decrease (or to lower) something, the verb 낮추다 can be used.
+Notes:
+
+To decrease (or to lower) something, the verb <TTS>낮추다</TTS> can be used.

 Examples:
-이 탁자가 너무 **낮아요** = This table is too **low**
-의자는 탁자보다 더 **낮아요** = The chair is **lower** than the table
-이 산은 높고 저 산은 **낮아요** = This mountain is high, but that mountain is **low**
+
+- 이 탁자가 너무 **낮아요** = <span class="md spoiler">This table is too **low**</span>
+- 의자는 탁자보다 더 **낮아요** = <span class="md spoiler">The chair is **lower** than the table</span>
+- 이 산은 높고 저 산은 **낮아요** = <span class="md spoiler">This mountain is high, but that mountain is **low**</span>

 </Details>

@@ -987,10 +1193,12 @@ Examples:
 <Details>

 Common Usages:
-책 한 권 = one book
+
+- <TTS>책 한 권</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">one book</span>

 Example:
-저는 1년에 책 열 **권**을 읽을 수 있어요 = I can read 10 books in one year
+
+- 저는 1년에 책 열 **권**을 읽을 수 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I can read 10 books in one year</span>

 </Details>

@@ -998,10 +1206,14 @@ Example:

 <Details>

-Notes: This is used instead of “사람” when the person deserves high respect. “분” is also used instead of “명” as a counter when the person deserves high respect.
+Notes:

-Example: 그 **분**은 저의 선생님이에요 = That **person** is my teacher
-선생님 몇 **분** 올 거예요? = How many teachers will come?
+This is used instead of “사람” when the person deserves high respect. “분” is also used instead of “명” as a counter when the person deserves high respect.
+
+Example:
+
+- 그 **분**은 저의 선생님이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">That **person** is my teacher</span>
+- 선생님 몇 **분** 올 거예요? = <span class="md spoiler">How many teachers will come?</span>

 </Details>