diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/17-connecting-want.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/17-connecting-want.md index 02efef9..457bb8d 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/17-connecting-want.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/17-connecting-want.md @@ -280,6 +280,178 @@ vocabulary: en: I supervised the students while they wrote an **exam** - ko: 저는 영어 문법을 열심히 공부했고 **시험**을 잘 봤어요 en: I studied English grammar hard and then did well on the **test** + + verbs: + - ko: 머무르다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v29.mp3 + en: to stay + notes: | +

머무르다 follows the 르 irregular

+

머무르다 can be used as 머물다, which is actually a shortened version of 머무르다.

+

머무르다 can be used any way and with any grammatical principle, but must be used in accordance with the 르 irregular. For example: "한국에서 온 교환학생이 우리 집에서 1년 동안 머물렀어요" = "A Korean exchange student stayed at our house for a year"

+

However, 머물다 cannot be used with all grammatical principles.

+

Any grammatical principle that starts with a consonant (and there is no option other than that one consonant), can be added to 머물다. For example: 머물자, 머물고, 머물겠다, 머물지 않다

+

If a grammatical principle that is added to 머물다 is a vowel – and there is no other option other than a vowel – then that grammatical principle cannot be added to 머물다. The two most common grammatical principles where this occurs is when conjugating in the past or present tenses. For example: 머물다 + ~아/어(요) = ~~머물어요~~ – this is incorrect. 머물다 + ~았/었어요 = ~~머물었어요~~ – this is incorrect

+

See Lesson 97 for more information.

+ examples: + - ko: 우리는 10일 동안 부산에서 **머물렀어요** + en: We **stayed** in Busan for 10 days + + - ko: 쉬다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v30.mp3 + en: to relax, to rest + examples: + - ko: 빨리 집에 가서 **쉬**세요! + en: Go home quickly and **rest**! + + - ko: 보내다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v31.mp3 + en: to send + examples: + - ko: 저는 옛날 친구한테 편지를 **보냈어요** + en: I **sent** a letter to an old friend + - ko: 저는 저의 여자 친구한테 문자를 **보냈어요** + en: I **sent** a text message to my girlfriend + - ko: 좋은 시간을 **보내세요** + en: Have a good time! + - ko: 파일을 몇 개 **보냈어요**? + en: How many files did you **send**? + - ko: 저는 파일을 2시쯤 **보낼 거예요** + en: I will **send** the file at approximately 2:00 + + - ko: 걸어오다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v32.mp3 + en: to come by walking + notes: Compound verb of 걷다 + 오다 + examples: + - ko: 우리는 차가 없어서 집에 **걸어왔어요** + en: We didn't have a car so we **walked** home + + - ko: 걸어가다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v33.mp3 + en: to go by walking + notes: Compound verb of 걷다 + 가다 + examples: + - ko: "전철역까지 **걸어갈래요**?" + en: Shall we **walk** to the subway station? + + - ko: 초대하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v34.mp3 + en: to invite + notes: The noun form of this word translates to "invitation" + examples: + - ko: 친구 열 명을 저의 생일 파티에 **초대했어요** + en: I **invited** ten people to my birthday party + - ko: 저는 저의 친구를 파티에 **초대하**고 싶어요 + en: I want to **invite** my friend to the party + - ko: 나는 너를 파티에 **초대하**고 싶지 않아 + en: I don't want to **invite** you to the party + + - ko: 울다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v35.mp3 + en: to cry + notes: 울다 follows the ㄹ irregular + examples: + - ko: 우리 애기는 매일 밤 많이 **울어요** + en: Our baby **cries** a lot every night + - ko: 엄마가 갔을 때 저는 **울었어요** + en: When mom left, I **cried** + + - ko: 환영하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v36.mp3 + en: to welcome + examples: + - ko: 제 여자 친구는 저의 남동생을 반갑게 **환영했어요** + en: My girlfriend happily **welcomed** my younger brother + + adjectives: + - ko: 반갑다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v37.mp3 + en: to be happy when meeting somebody + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "반갑따"

+

반갑다 follows the ㅂ irregular

+

As a beginner, you will mostly use 반갑다 when you say "만나서 반갑습니다," or as "반갑게" as shown in the examples below.

+ examples: + - ko: 만나서 **반갑습니다** + en: "**nice** to meet you" + - ko: 저는 친구에게 **반갑게** 인사했어요 + en: I greeted my friend **happily** + + - ko: 따뜻하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v38.mp3 + en: to be warm + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "따뜨타다" + examples: + - ko: 날씨가 추워서 **따뜻한** 옷을 입었어요 + en: The weather is cold, so I put on **warm** clothes + - ko: 그 사람의 마음은 **따뜻해요** + en: That person has a **warm** heart + - ko: 저는 **따뜻한** 날씨를 좋아해요 + en: I like **warm** weather + - ko: 오늘 날씨는 어제보다 더 **따뜻해요** + en: Today's weather is **warmer** than yesterday + - ko: 저는 **따뜻한** 옷을 입고 싶어요 + en: I want to wear (put on) **warm** clothes + - ko: 오늘 너무 힘들어서 저는 **따뜻한** 목욕을 하고 싶어요 + en: Today was really difficult, so I want to take a **warm** bath + + - ko: 높다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v39.mp3 + en: to be high + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "놉따"

+

To increase (or to heighten) something, the verb 높이다 can be used.

+ examples: + - ko: 애기는 **높은** 소파에서 떨어졌어요 + en: The baby fell from the **high** sofa + - ko: 그 건물은 너무 **높아요** + en: That building is very **high** + - ko: 한국 집값은 일본 집값보다 훨씬 **높아요** + en: The price of Korean houses is much **higher** than the price of Japanese houses + + - ko: 가난하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v40.mp3 + en: to be poor + notes: The noun form of this word translates to "poverty" + examples: + - ko: 저는 매우 **가난해요** + en: I am very **poor** + - ko: 그 동네에는 **가난한** 사람이 많아요 + en: There are many **poor** people in that neighborhood + + - ko: 낮다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v42.mp3 + en: to be low + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "낟따"

+

To decrease (or to lower) something, the verb 낮추다 can be used.

+ examples: + - ko: 이 탁자가 너무 **낮아요** + en: This table is too **low** + - ko: 의자는 탁자보다 더 **낮아요** + en: The chair is **lower** than the table + - ko: 이 산은 높고 저 산은 **낮아요** + en: This mountain is high, but that mountain is **low** + + adverbs: + - ko: 권 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v43.mp3 + en: a counter for books/magazines/etc + examples: + - ko: 저는 1년에 책 열 **권**을 읽을 수 있어요 + en: I can read 10 books in one year + + - ko: 분 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v44.mp3 + en: person – high respect form, also a high-respect counter for people + notes: | +

This is used instead of "사람" when the person deserves high respect. "분" is also used instead of "명" as a counter when the person deserves high respect.

+ examples: + - ko: 그 **분**은 저의 선생님이에요 + en: That **person** is my teacher + - ko: 선생님 몇 **분** 올 거예요? + en: How many teachers will come? --- # Lesson 17: Connecting Particle \~고 and \~고 싶다 “I want to” @@ -772,31 +944,36 @@ Examples: 머무르다 follows the 르 irregular Common Usages: -장소에 머무르다 = to stay at a place -Notes: 머무르다 can be used as 머물다, which is actually a shortened version of 머무르다. +- 장소에 머무르다 = to stay at a place + +Notes: + +머무르다 can be used as 머물다, which is actually a shortened version of 머무르다. 머무르다 can be used any way and with any grammatical principle, but must be used in accordance with the 르 irregular. For example: -한국에서 온 교환학생이 우리 집에서 1년 동안 머물렀어요 = A Korean exchange student stayed at our house for a year +- 한국에서 온 교환학생이 우리 집에서 1년 동안 **머물렀어요** = A Korean exchange student **stayed** at our house for a year However, 머물다 cannot be used with all grammatical principles. + Any grammatical principle that starts with a consonant (and there is no option other than that one consonant), can be added to 머물다. For example: -머물다 + \~자 = 머물자 = okay -머물다 + \~고 = 머물고 = okay -머물다 + 겠다 = 머물겠다 = okay -머물다 + \~지 않다 = 머물지 않다 = okay +- 머물다 + \~자 = 머물자 = okay +- 머물다 + \~고 = 머물고 = okay +- 머물다 + 겠다 = 머물겠다 = okay +- 머물다 + \~지 않다 = 머물지 않다 = okay If a grammatical principle that is added to 머물다 is a vowel – and there is no other option other than a vowel – then that grammatical principle cannot be added to 머물다. The two most common grammatical principles where this occurs is when conjugating in the past or present tenses. For example: -머물다 + \~아/어(요) = 머물어요 – this is incorrect -머물다 + \~았/었어요 = 머물었어요 – this is incorrect +- 머물다 + \~아/어(요) = ~~머물어요~~ – this is incorrect +- 머물다 + \~았/었어요 = ~~머물었어요~~ – this is incorrect + See [Lesson 97](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/upper-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-4-lessons-92-100/lesson-97/ "Lesson 97: Abbreviated Conjugations: 갖다 and 머물다") for more information. Example: -우리는 10일 동안 부산에서 **머물렀어요** = We **stayed** in Busan for 10 days +- 우리는 10일 동안 부산에서 **머물렀어요** = We **stayed** in Busan for 10 days @@ -805,12 +982,14 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -쉬고 싶다 = to want to relax -하루만 쉬다 = to relax for only one day -쉬는 날 = a day off/break day (literally, “rest day”) + +- 쉬고 싶다 = to want to relax +- 하루만 쉬다 = to relax for only one day +- 쉬는 날 = a day off/break day (literally, “rest day”) Example: -빨리 집에 가서 **쉬**세요! = Go home quickly and **rest**! + +- 빨리 집에 가서 **쉬**세요! = Go home quickly and **rest**!
@@ -819,17 +998,19 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -택배를 보내다 = to send a package -돌려보내다 = to send back (return) -시간을 보내다 = to spend time doing something -시집을 보내다 = “send your daughter off” (let her get married) + +- 택배를 보내다 = to send a package +- 돌려보내다 = to send back (return) +- 시간을 보내다 = to spend time doing something +- 시집을 보내다 = “send your daughter off” (let her get married) Example: -저는 옛날 친구한테 편지를 **보냈어요** = I **sent** a letter to an old friend -저는 저의 여자 친구한테 문자를 **보냈어요** = I **sent** a text message to my girlfriend -좋은 시간을 **보내세요** = Have a good time! -파일을 몇 개 **보냈어요**? = How many files did you **send**? -저는 파일을 2시쯤 **보낼** **거예요** = I will **send** the file at approximately 2:00 + +- 저는 옛날 친구한테 편지를 **보냈어요** = I **sent** a letter to an old friend +- 저는 저의 여자 친구한테 문자를 **보냈어요** = I **sent** a text message to my girlfriend +- 좋은 시간을 **보내세요** = Have a good time! +- 파일을 몇 개 **보냈어요**? = How many files did you **send**? +- 저는 파일을 2시쯤 **보낼 거예요** = I will **send** the file at approximately 2:00
@@ -837,10 +1018,13 @@ Example:
-Notes: Compound verb of 걷다 + 오다 +Notes: + +Compound verb of 걷다 + 오다 Example: -우리는 차가 없어서 집에 **걸어왔어요** = We didn’t have a car so we **walked** home + +- 우리는 차가 없어서 집에 **걸어왔어요** = We didn’t have a car so we **walked** home
@@ -848,10 +1032,13 @@ Example:
-Notes: Compound verb of 걷다 + 가다 +Notes: + +Compound verb of 걷다 + 가다 Example: -전철역까지 **걸어갈래요**? = Shall we **walk** to the subway station? + +- 전철역까지 **걸어갈래요**? = Shall we **walk** to the subway station?
@@ -862,9 +1049,10 @@ Example: The noun form of this word translates to “invitation” Examples: -친구 열 명을 저의 생일 파티에 **초대했어요** = I **invited** ten people to my birthday party -저는 저의 친구를 파티에 **초대하**고 싶어요 = I want to **invite** my friend to the party -나는 너를 파티에 **초대하**고 싶지 않아 = I don’t want to **invite** you to the party + +- 친구 열 명을 저의 생일 파티에 **초대했어요** = I **invited** ten people to my birthday party +- 저는 저의 친구를 파티에 **초대하**고 싶어요 = I want to **invite** my friend to the party +- 나는 너를 파티에 **초대하**고 싶지 않아 = I don’t want to **invite** you to the party @@ -875,11 +1063,13 @@ Examples: 울다 follows the ㄹ irregular Common Usages: -울지 마세요! = don’t cry! + +- 울지 마세요! = don’t cry! Examples: -우리 애기는 매일 밤 많이 **울어요** = Our baby **cries** a lot every night -엄마가 갔을 때 저는 **울었어요** = When mom left, I **cried** + +- 우리 애기는 매일 밤 많이 **울어요** = Our baby **cries** a lot every night +- 엄마가 갔을 때 저는 **울었어요** = When mom left, I **cried** @@ -888,7 +1078,8 @@ Examples:
Example: -제 여자 친구는 저의 남동생을 반갑게 **환영했어요** = My girlfriend happily **welcomed** my younger brother + +- 제 여자 친구는 저의 남동생을 반갑게 **환영했어요** = My girlfriend happily **welcomed** my younger brother
@@ -902,11 +1093,14 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “반갑따” 반갑다 follows the ㅂ irregular -Notes: As a beginner, you will mostly use 반갑다 when you say “만나서 반갑습니다,” or as “반갑게” as shown in the examples below. +Notes: + +As a beginner, you will mostly use 반갑다 when you say “만나서 반갑습니다,” or as “반갑게” as shown in the examples below. Example: -만나서 **반갑습니다** = **nice** to meet you -저는 친구에게 **반갑게** 인사했어요 = I greeted my friend **happily** + +- 만나서 **반갑습니다** = **nice** to meet you +- 저는 친구에게 **반갑게** 인사했어요 = I greeted my friend **happily** @@ -915,19 +1109,22 @@ Example:
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “따뜨타다” + Common Usages: -따뜻하게 = warmly -따뜻하게 입다 = to dress warmly -따뜻한 마음 = a warm heart -날씨가 따뜻하다 = for the weather to be warm + +- 따뜻하게 = warmly +- 따뜻하게 입다 = to dress warmly +- 따뜻한 마음 = a warm heart +- 날씨가 따뜻하다 = for the weather to be warm Examples: -날씨가 추워서 **따뜻한** 옷을 입었어요 = The weather is cold, so I put on **warm** clothes -그 사람의 마음은 **따뜻해요** = That person has a **warm** heart -저는 **따뜻한** 날씨를 좋아해요 = I like **warm** weather -오늘 날씨는 어제보다 더 **따뜻해요** = Today’s weather is **warmer** than yesterday -저는 **따뜻한** 옷을 입고 싶어요 = I want to wear (put on) **warm** clothes -오늘 너무 힘들어서 저는 **따뜻한** 목욕을 하고 싶어요 = Today was really difficult, so I want to take a **warm** bath + +- 날씨가 추워서 **따뜻한** 옷을 입었어요 = The weather is cold, so I put on **warm** clothes +- 그 사람의 마음은 **따뜻해요** = That person has a **warm** heart +- 저는 **따뜻한** 날씨를 좋아해요 = I like **warm** weather +- 오늘 날씨는 어제보다 더 **따뜻해요** = Today’s weather is **warmer** than yesterday +- 저는 **따뜻한** 옷을 입고 싶어요 = I want to wear (put on) **warm** clothes +- 오늘 너무 힘들어서 저는 **따뜻한** 목욕을 하고 싶어요 = Today was really difficult, so I want to take a **warm** bath
@@ -938,14 +1135,18 @@ Examples: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “놉따” Common Usages: -밀도가 높다 = to be dense (literally, for the density to be high) -Notes: To increase (or to heighten) something, the verb 높이다 can be used. +- 밀도가 높다 = to be dense (literally, for the density to be high) + +Notes: + +To increase (or to heighten) something, the verb 높이다 can be used. Examples: -애기는 **높은** 소파에서 떨어졌어요 = The baby fell from the **high** sofa -그 건물은 너무 **높아요** = That building is very **high** -한국 집값은 일본 집값보다 훨씬 **높아요** = The price of Korean houses is much **higher** than the price of Japanese houses + +- 애기는 **높은** 소파에서 떨어졌어요 = The baby fell from the **high** sofa +- 그 건물은 너무 **높아요** = That building is very **high** +- 한국 집값은 일본 집값보다 훨씬 **높아요** = The price of Korean houses is much **higher** than the price of Japanese houses @@ -956,12 +1157,14 @@ Examples: The noun form of this word translates to “poverty” Common Usages: -가난한 사람 = poor person -가난한 동네 = poor neighborhood + +- 가난한 사람 = poor person +- 가난한 동네 = poor neighborhood Examples: -저는 매우 **가난해요**= I am very **poor** -그 동네에는 **가난한** 사람이 많아요 = There are many **poor** people in that neighborhood + +- 저는 매우 **가난해요** = I am very **poor** +- 그 동네에는 **가난한** 사람이 많아요 = There are many **poor** people in that neighborhood @@ -971,12 +1174,15 @@ Examples: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “낟따” -Notes: To decrease (or to lower) something, the verb 낮추다 can be used. +Notes: + +To decrease (or to lower) something, the verb 낮추다 can be used. Examples: -이 탁자가 너무 **낮아요** = This table is too **low** -의자는 탁자보다 더 **낮아요** = The chair is **lower** than the table -이 산은 높고 저 산은 **낮아요** = This mountain is high, but that mountain is **low** + +- 이 탁자가 너무 **낮아요** = This table is too **low** +- 의자는 탁자보다 더 **낮아요** = The chair is **lower** than the table +- 이 산은 높고 저 산은 **낮아요** = This mountain is high, but that mountain is **low** @@ -987,10 +1193,12 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -책 한 권 = one book + +- 책 한 권 = one book Example: -저는 1년에 책 열 **권**을 읽을 수 있어요 = I can read 10 books in one year + +- 저는 1년에 책 열 **권**을 읽을 수 있어요 = I can read 10 books in one year
@@ -998,10 +1206,14 @@ Example:
-Notes: This is used instead of “사람” when the person deserves high respect. “분” is also used instead of “명” as a counter when the person deserves high respect. +Notes: -Example: 그 **분**은 저의 선생님이에요 = That **person** is my teacher -선생님 몇 **분** 올 거예요? = How many teachers will come? +This is used instead of “사람” when the person deserves high respect. “분” is also used instead of “명” as a counter when the person deserves high respect. + +Example: + +- 그 **분**은 저의 선생님이에요 = That **person** is my teacher +- 선생님 몇 **분** 올 거예요? = How many teachers will come?