127 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
127 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
# Expressing "and then" with "于是"
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<SentenceQuiz>
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- 我 看 大家 都 买 了 ，_于是_ 我 也 买 **了** 。
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<!-- - Wǒ kàn dàjiā dōu mǎi le, _yúshì_ wǒ yě mǎi **le**. -->
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- I saw everyone was buying it. So then I bought it, too.
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- 昨天 突然 下雨 了 ，_于是_ 我们 取消 **了** 野餐 的 计划 。
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<!-- - Zuótiān tūrán xiàyǔ le, _yúshì_ wǒmen qǔxiāo **le** yěcān de jìhuà. -->
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- It rained yesterday, so we cancelled the picnic.
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- 网站 上 的 票 已经 卖光 了 ，_于是_ 我们 买 **了** 黄牛票 。
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<!-- - Wǎngzhàn shang de piào yǐjīng mài guāng le, _yúshì_ wǒmen mǎi **le** huángniú piào. -->
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- The tickets on the website were all sold out. So then we bought tickets from scalpers.
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- 他 的 英语 太差 了，_于是_ ，他 妈妈 给 他 请 **了** 一个 英语 家教 。
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<!-- - Tā de Yīngyǔ tài chà le, _yúshì_, tā māma gěi tā qǐng **le** yī gè Yīngyǔ jiājiào. -->
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- His English was too terrible. So then his mother hired an English tutor for him.
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- 她 发现 男朋友 已经 结婚 了 。_于是_ ，她 马上 跟 他 分手 **了** 。
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<!-- - Tā fāxiàn nánpéngyou yǐjīng jiéhūn le. _Yúshì_, tā mǎshàng gēn tā fēnshǒu **le**. -->
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- She found out that her boyfriend was already married. So she immediately broke up with him.
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- 电影 太 暴力 了 ，我们 实在 看 不 下去 了 ，_于是_ **就** 走 **了** 。
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<!-- - Diànyǐng tài bàolì le, wǒmen shízài kàn bu xiàqù le, _yúshì_ **jiù** zǒu **le**. -->
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- This movie was so violent, we couldn't bear watching it anymore. So then we left.
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- 他 实在 太 懒 了 ，_于是_ 老板 **就** 把 他 辞 **了** 。
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<!-- - Tā shízài tài lǎn le, _yúshì_ lǎobǎn **jiù** bǎ tā cí **le**. -->
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- He was way too lazy, so the boss just let him go.
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- 我 很 喜欢 这个 手机 ，_于是_ **就** 买 下来 **了** 。
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<!-- - Wǒ hěn xǐhuan zhè ge shǒujī, _yúshì_ **jiù** mǎi xiàlai **le**. -->
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- I really like this cell phone, so I just bought it.
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- 那个 学生 学习 不 认真，_于是_ **就** 被 他的 妈妈 骂 **了** 。
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<!-- - Nàge xuéshēng xuéxí bù rènzhēn, _yúshì_ **jiù** bèi tā de māma mà **le**. -->
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- That student didn't study seriously, so he was scolded by his mother.
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- 刚刚 跟 朋友 聊到 了 旅行 ， 于是 两 个 人 就 打开 了 话匣子 ， 聊 了 起来 。
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<!-- - Gānggāng gēn péngyou liáo dào le lǚxíng, yúshì liǎng gè rén jiù dǎkāi le huàxiázi, liáo le qǐlai. -->
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- While chatting they had just gotten to the topic of travel, and then the two of them really got going, talking non-stop.
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- 他 经常 随便 开玩笑 ，_因此_ ，大家 都 不 喜欢 跟 他 说话 。
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<!-- - Tā jīngcháng suíbiàn kāiwánxiào, _yīncǐ_, dàjiā dōu bù xǐhuan gēn tā shuōhuà. -->
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- He often makes jokes recklessly. Therefore, people doesn't like to talk to him.
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</SentenceQuiz>
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<TOC>
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- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points)
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- Similar to
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- Used for: [Expressing result](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_result), [Sequencing events in time](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Sequencing_events_in_time), [Indicating cause and effect](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_cause_and_effect)
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- Keywords: [是](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%98%AF), [于](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BA%8E), [于是](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BA%8E%E6%98%AF)
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</TOC>
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于是 is a conjunction used to express a continuation between two events. The second event is the direct result of the first event. You'll often hear 于是 used in storytelling.
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## Structure
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于是 is a conjunction that comes between two clauses. Its closest English equivalent would be "and then." Since 于是 can only be used to talk about the past, 了 is often used in the same sentence.
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⋯⋯ ，于是 ⋯⋯ + 了
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## Examples
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- 我 看 大家 都 买 了 ，_于是_ 我 也 买 **了** 。
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<!-- - Wǒ kàn dàjiā dōu mǎi le, _yúshì_ wǒ yě mǎi **le**. -->
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- I saw everyone was buying it. So then I bought it, too.
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- 昨天 突然 下雨 了 ，_于是_ 我们 取消 **了** 野餐 的 计划 。
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<!-- - Zuótiān tūrán xiàyǔ le, _yúshì_ wǒmen qǔxiāo **le** yěcān de jìhuà. -->
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- It rained yesterday, so we cancelled the picnic.
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- 网站 上 的 票 已经 卖光 了 ，_于是_ 我们 买 **了** 黄牛票 。
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<!-- - Wǎngzhàn shang de piào yǐjīng mài guāng le, _yúshì_ wǒmen mǎi **le** huángniú piào. -->
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- The tickets on the website were all sold out. So then we bought tickets from scalpers.
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- 他 的 英语 太差 了，_于是_ ，他 妈妈 给 他 请 **了** 一个 英语 家教 。
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<!-- - Tā de Yīngyǔ tài chà le, _yúshì_, tā māma gěi tā qǐng **le** yī gè Yīngyǔ jiājiào. -->
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- His English was too terrible. So then his mother hired an English tutor for him.
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- 她 发现 男朋友 已经 结婚 了 。_于是_ ，她 马上 跟 他 分手 **了** 。
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<!-- - Tā fāxiàn nánpéngyou yǐjīng jiéhūn le. _Yúshì_, tā mǎshàng gēn tā fēnshǒu **le**. -->
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- She found out that her boyfriend was already married. So she immediately broke up with him.
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## 于是 Used with 就
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于是 is often used with 就 to emphasize that the actions or events that come after 就 are immediately after the first event.
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- 电影 太 暴力 了 ，我们 实在 看 不 下去 了 ，_于是_ **就** 走 **了** 。
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<!-- - Diànyǐng tài bàolì le, wǒmen shízài kàn bu xiàqù le, _yúshì_ **jiù** zǒu **le**. -->
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- This movie was so violent, we couldn't bear watching it anymore. So then we left.
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- 他 实在 太 懒 了 ，_于是_ 老板 **就** 把 他 辞 **了** 。
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<!-- - Tā shízài tài lǎn le, _yúshì_ lǎobǎn **jiù** bǎ tā cí **le**. -->
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- He was way too lazy, so the boss just let him go.
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- 我 很 喜欢 这个 手机 ，_于是_ **就** 买 下来 **了** 。
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<!-- - Wǒ hěn xǐhuan zhè ge shǒujī, _yúshì_ **jiù** mǎi xiàlai **le**. -->
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- I really like this cell phone, so I just bought it.
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- 那个 学生 学习 不 认真，_于是_ **就** 被 他的 妈妈 骂 **了** 。
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<!-- - Nàge xuéshēng xuéxí bù rènzhēn, _yúshì_ **jiù** bèi tā de māma mà **le**. -->
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- That student didn't study seriously, so he was scolded by his mother.
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- 刚刚 跟 朋友 聊到 了 旅行 ， 于是 两 个 人 就 打开 了 话匣子 ， 聊 了 起来 。
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<!-- - Gānggāng gēn péngyou liáo dào le lǚxíng, yúshì liǎng gè rén jiù dǎkāi le huàxiázi, liáo le qǐlai. -->
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- While chatting they had just gotten to the topic of travel, and then the two of them really got going, talking non-stop.
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## 因此 vs. 于是
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While they may seem very similar, 因此 is not quite the same as 于是. When using 因此, it acts as a conjunction that expresses the cause and effect. Because of the reasons in clause one, clause two reaches this result or conclusion.
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- 因此 emphasizes a cause and effect relationship. 于是 emphasizes that the first event is closely followed by the second event.
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- 于是 can only be used to recount events that happened in the past.
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- 因此 is more formal and mostly used in writing. 于是 is more commonly used when speaking.
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<div class="wrong">
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- 他 经常 随便 开玩笑 ，_于是_ ，大家 都 不 喜欢 跟 他 说话 。
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<!-- - Tā jīngcháng suíbiàn kāiwánxiào, _yúshì_, dàjiā dōu bù xǐhuan gēn tā shuōhuà. -->
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</div>
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- 他 经常 随便 开玩笑 ，_因此_ ，大家 都 不 喜欢 跟 他 说话 。
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<!-- - Tā jīngcháng suíbiàn kāiwánxiào, _yīncǐ_, dàjiā dōu bù xǐhuan gēn tā shuōhuà. -->
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- He often makes jokes recklessly. Therefore, people doesn't like to talk to him.
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In the incorrect sentence above, it is not two sequential events that happened in the past, so 于是 is not appropriate. In the correct sentence, there is a clear cause-effect relationship, so 因此 is used.
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## Sources and further reading
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### Books
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- [HSK Standard Course 4下](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8B) (pp. 49) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
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- [现代汉语虚词手册](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C) (pp. 326) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
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- [现代汉语八百词（增订本）](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D%EF%BC%88%E5%A2%9E%E8%AE%A2%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%89) (pp. 636) [ →buy]
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- [对外汉语教学语法释疑201例](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%96%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E9%87%8A%E7%96%91201%E4%BE%8B) (pp. 362) [ →buy]
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