zh-grammar/docs/allsetlearning/C1/而.md

# Using "because" with "而" to indicate effect

<SentenceQuiz>

- 我 _因为_ 生病 _而_ 请假。
  <!-- - Wǒ _yīnwèi_ shēngbìng _ér_ qǐngjià. -->
  - Because I got sick, I asked for time off.
- 欧洲 的 经济 _因为_ 债务 危机 _而_ 陷入 衰退。
  <!-- - Ōuzhōu de jīngjì _yīnwèi_ zhàiwù wéijī _ér_ xiànrù shuāituì. -->
  - Because Europe is suffering a debt crisis, it is falling into decline.
- 外婆 只是 _因为_ 孩子 顽皮 _而_ 想 吓唬 他 一下 。
  <!-- - Wàipó zhǐshì _yīnwèi_ háizi wánpí _ér_ xiǎng xiàhu tā yīxià. -->
  - Because the kid was being so naughty, granny just wanted to scare him a little.
- 男 女朋友 之间 经常 _因为_ 吃醋 _而_ 吵架 。
  <!-- - Nán-nǚpéngyou zhījiān jīngcháng _yīnwèi_ chīcù _ér_ chǎojià. -->
  - Boyfriends and girlfriends frequently argue because of jealousy.
- 首相 _因为_ 受贿 丑闻 _而_ 下 了 台。
  <!-- - Shǒuxiàng _yīnwèi_ shòuhuì chǒuwén _ér_ xià le tái. -->
  - Because the prime minister's bribery scandal, he fell from power.
- 伦敦 地铁 _因_ 罢工 _而_ 处于 瘫痪 状态。
  <!-- - Lúndūn dìtiě _yīn_ bàgōng _ér_ chǔyú tānhuàn zhuàngtài. -->
  - Because of the London Underground strike, it's in a state of paralysis.
- 妈妈 _因_ 小朋友 的 陪伴， _而_ 忘记 了 生活 的 不 愉快 。
  <!-- - Māma _yīn_ xiǎopéngyou de péibàn, _ér_ wàngjì le shēnghuó de bù yúkuài. -->
  - Because her children are with her, Mom can forget the unpleasantness of life.
- 他 _因为_ 熬夜 _而_ 精神 不 能 集中。
  <!-- - Tā _yīnwéi_ áoyè _ér_ jīngshén bù néng jízhōng. -->
  - He stayed up too late and thus could not concentrate.
- 这 家 餐厅 _因_ 火锅 _而_ 出名。
  <!-- - Zhè jiā cāntīng _yīn_ huǒguō _ér_ chūmíng. -->
  - This restaurant is famous for its hotpot.
- 生活 _因_ 你 _而_ 精彩。
  <!-- - Shēnghuó _yīn_ nǐ _ér_ jīngcǎi. -->
  - Life is wonderful because of you.

</SentenceQuiz>

<TOC>

- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
- Similar to
  - [Expressing "as a result" with "结果"](../B1/结果.md) (B1)
- Used for: [Indicating conditions](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_conditions), [Sequencing events in time](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Sequencing_events_in_time), [Indicating cause and effect](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_cause_and_effect)
- Keywords: [因为](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%9B%A0%E4%B8%BA), [而](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E8%80%8C)

</TOC>

因为⋯⋯，而⋯⋯ (yīnwèi... ér...) is another structure that can express cause and effect.

## Structure

Subj. + 因(为) + Cause + 而 + Result

Sometimes, 因为 can be shortened to just 因. This is used more in sentences that are meant to be shorter and more succinct.

## Examples

- 我 _因为_ 生病 _而_ 请假。
  <!-- - Wǒ _yīnwèi_ shēngbìng _ér_ qǐngjià. -->
  - Because I got sick, I asked for time off.
- 欧洲 的 经济 _因为_ 债务 危机 _而_ 陷入 衰退。
  <!-- - Ōuzhōu de jīngjì _yīnwèi_ zhàiwù wéijī _ér_ xiànrù shuāituì. -->
  - Because Europe is suffering a debt crisis, it is falling into decline.
- 外婆 只是 _因为_ 孩子 顽皮 _而_ 想 吓唬 他 一下 。
  <!-- - Wàipó zhǐshì _yīnwèi_ háizi wánpí _ér_ xiǎng xiàhu tā yīxià. -->
  - Because the kid was being so naughty, granny just wanted to scare him a little.
- 男 女朋友 之间 经常 _因为_ 吃醋 _而_ 吵架 。
  <!-- - Nán-nǚpéngyou zhījiān jīngcháng _yīnwèi_ chīcù _ér_ chǎojià. -->
  - Boyfriends and girlfriends frequently argue because of jealousy.
- 首相 _因为_ 受贿 丑闻 _而_ 下 了 台。
  <!-- - Shǒuxiàng _yīnwèi_ shòuhuì chǒuwén _ér_ xià le tái. -->
  - Because the prime minister's bribery scandal, he fell from power.
- 伦敦 地铁 _因_ 罢工 _而_ 处于 瘫痪 状态。
  <!-- - Lúndūn dìtiě _yīn_ bàgōng _ér_ chǔyú tānhuàn zhuàngtài. -->
  - Because of the London Underground strike, it's in a state of paralysis.
- 妈妈 _因_ 小朋友 的 陪伴， _而_ 忘记 了 生活 的 不 愉快 。
  <!-- - Māma _yīn_ xiǎopéngyou de péibàn, _ér_ wàngjì le shēnghuó de bù yúkuài. -->
  - Because her children are with her, Mom can forget the unpleasantness of life.
- 他 _因为_ 熬夜 _而_ 精神 不 能 集中。
  <!-- - Tā _yīnwéi_ áoyè _ér_ jīngshén bù néng jízhōng. -->
  - He stayed up too late and thus could not concentrate.
- 这 家 餐厅 _因_ 火锅 _而_ 出名。
  <!-- - Zhè jiā cāntīng _yīn_ huǒguō _ér_ chūmíng. -->
  - This restaurant is famous for its hotpot.
- 生活 _因_ 你 _而_ 精彩。
  <!-- - Shēnghuó _yīn_ nǐ _ér_ jīngcǎi. -->
  - Life is wonderful because of you.

## See also

- [Cause and effect with "因为" and "所以"](../A2/因为...所以.md)
- [Explaining results with "所以"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Explaining_results_with_%22suoyi%22)

## Sources and further reading

### Books

- [New Practical Chinese Reader 5 (新实用汉语课本5)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_5_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC5)>) (pp. 92) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)

### Websites

- Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: [Usage of 而](http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0235.html)