103 lines
5.8 KiB
Markdown
103 lines
5.8 KiB
Markdown
# Emphasizing the doer of an action with "由"
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<SentenceQuiz>
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- 这 件 事 _由_ 我 说了算。
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<!-- - Zhè jiàn shì _yóu_ wǒ shuō le suàn. -->
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- This matter is up to me.
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- 这 件 事 _由_ 我 负责。
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<!-- - Zhè jiàn shì _yóu_ wǒ fùzé. -->
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- I am responsible for this matter.
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- 这 件 事 是 _由_ 她 引起 的。
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<!-- - Zhèjiàn shì shì _yóu_ tā yǐnqǐ de. -->
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- The incident was caused by her.
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- 这次 的 广告 是 _由_ 他 一个人 拍摄 的。
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<!-- - Zhècì de guǎnggào shì _yóu_ tā yīgèrén pāishè de. -->
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- The advertisement was shot by him alone.
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- 你 想 怎么样 生活，完全 _由_ 你 自己 规划。
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<!-- - Nǐ xiǎng zěnmeyàng shēnghuó, wánquán _yóu_ nǐ zìjǐ guīhuà. -->
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- How you want to live your life is entirely up to you.
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- 你 去 过 上海，那 这次 就 _由_ 你 做 导游 。
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<!-- - Nǐ qù guo Shànghǎi, nà zhècì jiù _yóu_ nǐ zuò dǎoyóu. -->
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- You have been to Shanghai before, so you will be the tour guide this time.
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- 这 个 国家 的 粮食 主要 _由_ 加拿大 进口。
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<!-- - Zhège guójiā de liángshi zhǔyào _yóu_ Jiānádà jìnkǒu. -->
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- This country's grain is mainly imported from Canada.
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- 这个 规定 是 _由_ 政府 发布 的。
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<!-- - Zhège guīdìng shì _yóu_ zhèngfǔ fābù de. -->
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- This is a regulation issued by the government.
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- 这 是 _由_ 他 决定 的，你 就 别 干涉 了。
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<!-- - Zhè shì _yóu_ tā juédìng de, nǐ jiù bié gānshè le. -->
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- This is for him to decide. Stop interfering.
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- 太 悲剧 了，会议 _由_ 王总 主持，肯定 会 很 无聊！
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<!-- - Tài bēijù le, huìyì _yóu_ Wáng zǒng zhǔchí, kěndìng huì hěn wúliáo! -->
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- Oh no. This meeting is being led by the General Manager Wang.It's definitely going to be boring.
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</SentenceQuiz>
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<TOC>
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- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points)
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- Similar to
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- [Expressing "due to…" with "由于"](./由于.md) (B2)
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- Used for: [Indicating conditions](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_conditions), [Describing people](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Describing_people), [Emphasizing](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Emphasizing)
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- Keywords: [由](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%94%B1)
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</TOC>
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由 (yóu) is used to emphasize who is the doer or initiator of an action, a bit like in English where we might say: "Andy _is the one who...."_
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## Structure
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Topic + 由 + Person + Verb
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This use of 由 is common in formal contexts such as business communications.
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## Examples
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- 这 件 事 _由_ 我 说了算。
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<!-- - Zhè jiàn shì _yóu_ wǒ shuō le suàn. -->
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- This matter is up to me.
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- 这 件 事 _由_ 我 负责。
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<!-- - Zhè jiàn shì _yóu_ wǒ fùzé. -->
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- I am responsible for this matter.
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- 这 件 事 是 _由_ 她 引起 的。
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<!-- - Zhèjiàn shì shì _yóu_ tā yǐnqǐ de. -->
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- The incident was caused by her.
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- 这次 的 广告 是 _由_ 他 一个人 拍摄 的。
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<!-- - Zhècì de guǎnggào shì _yóu_ tā yīgèrén pāishè de. -->
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- The advertisement was shot by him alone.
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- 你 想 怎么样 生活，完全 _由_ 你 自己 规划。
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<!-- - Nǐ xiǎng zěnmeyàng shēnghuó, wánquán _yóu_ nǐ zìjǐ guīhuà. -->
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- How you want to live your life is entirely up to you.
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- 你 去 过 上海，那 这次 就 _由_ 你 做 导游 。
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<!-- - Nǐ qù guo Shànghǎi, nà zhècì jiù _yóu_ nǐ zuò dǎoyóu. -->
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- You have been to Shanghai before, so you will be the tour guide this time.
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- 这 个 国家 的 粮食 主要 _由_ 加拿大 进口。
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<!-- - Zhège guójiā de liángshi zhǔyào _yóu_ Jiānádà jìnkǒu. -->
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- This country's grain is mainly imported from Canada.
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- 这个 规定 是 _由_ 政府 发布 的。
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<!-- - Zhège guīdìng shì _yóu_ zhèngfǔ fābù de. -->
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- This is a regulation issued by the government.
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- 这 是 _由_ 他 决定 的，你 就 别 干涉 了。
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<!-- - Zhè shì _yóu_ tā juédìng de, nǐ jiù bié gānshè le. -->
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- This is for him to decide. Stop interfering.
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- 太 悲剧 了，会议 _由_ 王总 主持，肯定 会 很 无聊！
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<!-- - Tài bēijù le, huìyì _yóu_ Wáng zǒng zhǔchí, kěndìng huì hěn wúliáo! -->
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- Oh no. This meeting is being led by the General Manager Wang.It's definitely going to be boring.
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It may seem like it due to the way most of these sentences are translated into English, but please note that 由 not a passive marker. Stick to [被](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E8%A2%AB) for that.
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## See also
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- ["Due to…" with "由于"](./由于.md)
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- [Adding emphasis with "就是"](../B1/就是.md)
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## Sources and further reading
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### Books
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- [HSK Standard Course 4下](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8B) (pp. 34) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
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- [Boya Chinese Lower Intermediate 2 (博雅汉语准中级加速篇) ](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Boya_Chinese_Lower_Intermediate_2_(%E5%8D%9A%E9%9B%85%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%87%86%E4%B8%AD%E7%BA%A7%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E7%AF%87)>) (pp. 111) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
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- [卓越汉语－公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 245) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
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