97 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
97 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
# Expressing "therefore" with "因此"
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<SentenceQuiz>
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- 我 病 了 ， _因此_ 心情 不好。
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<!-- - Wǒ bìng le, _yīncǐ_ xīnqíng bù hǎo. -->
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- I am sick, therefore I am not in a good mood.
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- 昨天 下雨 了， _因此_ 我 没有 出门。
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<!-- - Zuótiān xiàyǔ le, _yīncǐ_ wǒ méiyǒu chūmén. -->
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- It rained yesterday, therefore I did not go out.
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- 她 在 农村 长大， _因此_ 很 了解 农民 的 生活。
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<!-- - Tā zài nóngcūn zhǎngdà, _yīncǐ_ hěn liǎojiě nóngmín de shēnghuó. -->
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- She grew up in the country, so she understands the country people's way of life.
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- 我 没有 准备 好 所有 的 东西， _因此_ 有些 紧张。
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<!-- - Wǒ méiyǒu zhǔnbèi hǎo suǒyǒu de dōngxi, _yīncǐ_ yǒuxiē jǐnzhāng. -->
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- I didn't fully prepare everything, so I was a little nervous.
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- 小王 说话 不 好听， _因此_ 他 得罪 了 很 多 人 。
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<!-- - Xiǎo Wáng shuōhuà bù hǎotīng, _yīncǐ_ tā dézuì le hěn duō rén. -->
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- Xiao Wang spoke overly bluntly, so he offended many people.
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- 下个 月 考试， _因此_ 这个 月 我 没有 出去 玩，在 好好 准备。
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<!-- - Xiàgè yuè kǎoshì, _yīncǐ_ zhège yuè wǒ méiyǒu chūqù wán, zài hǎohāo zhǔnbèi. -->
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- I will have an exam next month, therefore this month I am not going out to play. I am preparing well.
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- 韩寒 的 文笔 好， _因此_ 他 写 的 小说 很 受 欢迎。
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<!-- - Hán Hán de wénbǐ hǎo, _yīncǐ_ tā xiě de xiǎoshuō hěn shòu huānyíng. -->
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- Han Han's writing style is very good, therefore the novels that he writes are very popular.
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- 工厂 已经 停产 很 久 了， _因此_ 无法 给 工人 发 工资。
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<!-- - Gōngchǎng yǐjīng tíngchǎn hěn jiǔ le, _yīncǐ_ wúfǎ gěi gōngrén fā gōngzī. -->
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- The factory has long since ceased production, and therefore is unable to give its workers their wages.
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- 上海 的 冬天 经常 下雨， _因此_ 在 我的 印象 中，上海的 冬天 湿冷 湿冷 的。
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<!-- - Shànghǎi de dōngtiān jīngcháng xiàyǔ, _yīncǐ_ zài wǒde yìnxiàng zhōng, Shànghǎi de dōngtiān shīlěng-shīlěng de. -->
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- It often rains in winter in Shanghai, therefore my impression is that winter in Shanghai is wet and cold.
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- 希腊 政府 决定 停止 使用 自动 取款机 ， _因此_ ， 取款机 外面 有 很 多 人 排队 取钱 。
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<!-- - Xīlà zhèngfǔ juédìng tíngzhǐ shǐyòng zìdòng qǔkuǎnjī, _yīncǐ_, qǔkuǎnjī wàimiàn yǒu hěn duō rén páiduì qǔqián. -->
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- The Greek government decided to end the use of automated teller machines. As a result, there were lots of people outside lined up to withdraw money from the ATMs.
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</SentenceQuiz>
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<TOC>
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- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points)
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- Similar to
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- [Cause and effect with "因为" and "所以"](../A2/因为...所以.md) (A2)
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- [Expressing "and then" with "于是"](./于是.md) (B2)
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- [Expressing "in short" with "总之"](../C1/conjunctions/总之.md) (C1)
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- Used for: [Indicating cause and effect](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_cause_and_effect)
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- Keywords: [因此](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%9B%A0%E6%AD%A4)
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</TOC>
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因此 (yīncǐ), literally "because of this," is a conjunction meaning "therefore," and is used in formal writing.
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## Structure
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Cause， + 因此 + Effect
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## Examples
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- 我 病 了 ， _因此_ 心情 不好。
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<!-- - Wǒ bìng le, _yīncǐ_ xīnqíng bù hǎo. -->
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- I am sick, therefore I am not in a good mood.
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- 昨天 下雨 了， _因此_ 我 没有 出门。
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<!-- - Zuótiān xiàyǔ le, _yīncǐ_ wǒ méiyǒu chūmén. -->
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- It rained yesterday, therefore I did not go out.
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- 她 在 农村 长大， _因此_ 很 了解 农民 的 生活。
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<!-- - Tā zài nóngcūn zhǎngdà, _yīncǐ_ hěn liǎojiě nóngmín de shēnghuó. -->
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- She grew up in the country, so she understands the country people's way of life.
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- 我 没有 准备 好 所有 的 东西， _因此_ 有些 紧张。
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<!-- - Wǒ méiyǒu zhǔnbèi hǎo suǒyǒu de dōngxi, _yīncǐ_ yǒuxiē jǐnzhāng. -->
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- I didn't fully prepare everything, so I was a little nervous.
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- 小王 说话 不 好听， _因此_ 他 得罪 了 很 多 人 。
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<!-- - Xiǎo Wáng shuōhuà bù hǎotīng, _yīncǐ_ tā dézuì le hěn duō rén. -->
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- Xiao Wang spoke overly bluntly, so he offended many people.
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- 下个 月 考试， _因此_ 这个 月 我 没有 出去 玩，在 好好 准备。
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<!-- - Xiàgè yuè kǎoshì, _yīncǐ_ zhège yuè wǒ méiyǒu chūqù wán, zài hǎohāo zhǔnbèi. -->
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- I will have an exam next month, therefore this month I am not going out to play. I am preparing well.
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- 韩寒 的 文笔 好， _因此_ 他 写 的 小说 很 受 欢迎。
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<!-- - Hán Hán de wénbǐ hǎo, _yīncǐ_ tā xiě de xiǎoshuō hěn shòu huānyíng. -->
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- Han Han's writing style is very good, therefore the novels that he writes are very popular.
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- 工厂 已经 停产 很 久 了， _因此_ 无法 给 工人 发 工资。
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<!-- - Gōngchǎng yǐjīng tíngchǎn hěn jiǔ le, _yīncǐ_ wúfǎ gěi gōngrén fā gōngzī. -->
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- The factory has long since ceased production, and therefore is unable to give its workers their wages.
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- 上海 的 冬天 经常 下雨， _因此_ 在 我的 印象 中，上海的 冬天 湿冷 湿冷 的。
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<!-- - Shànghǎi de dōngtiān jīngcháng xiàyǔ, _yīncǐ_ zài wǒde yìnxiàng zhōng, Shànghǎi de dōngtiān shīlěng-shīlěng de. -->
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- It often rains in winter in Shanghai, therefore my impression is that winter in Shanghai is wet and cold.
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- 希腊 政府 决定 停止 使用 自动 取款机 ， _因此_ ， 取款机 外面 有 很 多 人 排队 取钱 。
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<!-- - Xīlà zhèngfǔ juédìng tíngzhǐ shǐyòng zìdòng qǔkuǎnjī, _yīncǐ_, qǔkuǎnjī wàimiàn yǒu hěn duō rén páiduì qǔqián. -->
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- The Greek government decided to end the use of automated teller machines. As a result, there were lots of people outside lined up to withdraw money from the ATMs.
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## Sources and further reading
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### Books
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- [HSK Standard Course 4上](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8A) (pp. 96) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
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- [New Practical Chinese Reader 5 (新实用汉语课本5)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_5_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC5)>) (pp. 29) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
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- [卓越汉语－公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 67) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
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- [40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课下册）](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/40_Lessons_for_Basic_Chinese_Course_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD40%E8%AF%BE%E4%B8%8B%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89) (pp. 430) [ →buy]
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