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docs/allsetlearning/A2/都.md
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# Emphasizing quantity with "都"
<SentenceQuiz>
- **很 多** 地方 _都_ 有 wifi。
<!-- - **Hěn duō** dìfang _dōu_ yǒu wifi. -->
- A lot of places have wifi.
- 我 的 **很 多** 朋友 _都_ 有 车。
<!-- - Wǒ de **hěn duō** péngyou _dōu_ yǒu chē. -->
- A lot of my friends have cars.
- **很 多** 美国人 _都_ 喜欢 喝 咖啡 。
<!-- - **Hěn duō** Měiguó rén _dōu_ xǐhuan hē kāfēi. -->
- A lot of Americans like drinking coffee.
- **很 多** 孩子 _都_ 不 喜欢 上学。
<!-- - **Hěn duō** háizi _dōu_ bù xǐhuan shàngxué. -->
- A lot of kids don't like to go to school.
- **很 多** 年轻人 _都_ 想 在 大 城市 工作。
<!-- - **Hěn duō** niánqīng rén _dōu_ xiǎng zài dà chéngshì gōngzuò. -->
- A lot of young people want to go to work in big cities.
- **大家** _都_ 来 了 吗？
<!-- - **Dàjiā** _dōu_ lái le ma? -->
- Is everyone here?
- **大家** _都_ 应该 知道。
<!-- - **Dàjiā** _dōu_ yīnggāi zhīdào. -->
- Everyone should know.
- **大家** _都_ 说 你 很 聪明。
<!-- - **Dàjiā** _dōu_ shuō nǐ hěn cōngming. -->
- Everyone says you're smart.
- **大家** _都_ 忘 了 他 的 名字。
<!-- - **Dàjiā** _dōu_ wàng le tā de míngzi. -->
- Everyone forgot his name.
- **大家** _都_ 喜欢 吃辣 吗？
<!-- - **Dàjiā** _dōu_ xǐhuan chī là ma? -->
- Does everyone like eating spicy food?
- 我 **每天** _都_ 要 上班 。
<!-- - Wǒ **měi tiān** _dōu_ yào shàngbān. -->
- I have to go to work every day.
- 老师 **每天** _都_ 迟到。
- Lǎoshī **měi tiān** _dōu_ chídào.
<!-- - The teacher comes late every day. -->
- 她 **每天** _都_ 不 吃 早饭。
<!-- - Tā **měi tiān** _dōu_ bù chī zǎofàn. -->
- Every day, she does not eat breakfast.
- 我 女朋友 **每天** _都_ 上 淘宝 。
<!-- - _Taobao_ is China's biggest online shopping website. -->
- Wǒ nǚpéngyou **měi tiān** _dōu_ shàng Táobǎo.My girlfriend goes on _Taobao_ every day.
- 妈妈 **每天** _都_ 给 我们 做 晚饭。
<!-- - Māma **měi tiān** _dōu_ gěi wǒmen zuò wǎnfàn. -->
- Mom cooks dinner for us every day.
- 美国人 _都_ 说 英文。
<!-- - Měiguó rén _dōu_ shuō Yīngwén. -->
- Americans all speak English.
- 我们 五 个 人 _都_ 去。
<!-- - Wǒmen wǔ gè rén _dōu_ qù. -->
- All five of us are going.
- 四川人 _都_ 喜欢 吃辣。
<!-- - Sìchuān rén _dōu_ xǐhuan chī là. -->
- Sichuanese people all like eating spicy food.
- 我 的 家人 _都_ 没 去 过 中国。
<!-- - Wǒ de jiārén _dōu_ méi qù guo Zhōngguó. -->
- None of my family members has been to China.
- 我 的 学生 _都_ 喜欢 问 问题。
<!-- - Wǒ de xuéshēng _dōu_ xǐhuan wèn wèntí. -->
- My students all like to ask questions.
</SentenceQuiz>
<TOC>
- Level: [A2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/A2_grammar_points) / [HSK2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK2_grammar_points)
- Similar to
- [The "all" adverb "都"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/The_%22all%22_adverb_%22dou%22) (A1)
- [Expressing "all" with "所有"](../B1/所有.md) (B1)
- [Expressing "every time" with "每" and "都"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22every_time%22_with_%22mei%22_and_%22dou%22) (B1)
- [Expressing "no exception" with "一律"](../C1/adverbs/一律.md) (C1)
- Used for: [Emphasizing](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Emphasizing), [Expressing quantity](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_quantity)
- Keywords" [都](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E9%83%BD)
</TOC>
都 (dōu) is one of those words that on the surface may seem simple, but actually has many different subtle uses. In this article, we will look at using [都](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E9%83%BD) (dōu) to emphasize quantity.
## Structure
You can use 都 (dōu) to emphasize the large quantity of something. The subject should be some sort of large group (like a majority of people or things), e.g. 很多人 (hěn duō rén) or 大家 (dàjiā).
Subj. + 都 + Verb + Obj.
## Examples with 很多 (hěn duō)
First let's look at some typical examples using 很多 (hěn duō) to emphasize that it's "a lot." Note that in English, it would be totally redundant and unnecessary to add "all" into these sentences, but in Chinese it's _totally natural_ (and kind of weird not to). If you remember to follow the rule and keep using the 都 (dōu), eventually it will become more natural for you too.
- **很 多** 地方 _都_ 有 wifi。
<!-- - **Hěn duō** dìfang _dōu_ yǒu wifi. -->
- A lot of places have wifi.
- 我 的 **很 多** 朋友 _都_ 有 车。
<!-- - Wǒ de **hěn duō** péngyou _dōu_ yǒu chē. -->
- A lot of my friends have cars.
- **很 多** 美国人 _都_ 喜欢 喝 咖啡 。
<!-- - **Hěn duō** Měiguó rén _dōu_ xǐhuan hē kāfēi. -->
- A lot of Americans like drinking coffee.
- **很 多** 孩子 _都_ 不 喜欢 上学。
<!-- - **Hěn duō** háizi _dōu_ bù xǐhuan shàngxué. -->
- A lot of kids don't like to go to school.
- **很 多** 年轻人 _都_ 想 在 大 城市 工作。
<!-- - **Hěn duō** niánqīng rén _dōu_ xiǎng zài dà chéngshì gōngzuò. -->
- A lot of young people want to go to work in big cities.
## Examples with 大家 (dàjiā)
Now let's look at some examples using 大家 (dàjiā) or "everyone." Again, in English, it would be totally redundant and unnecessary to add "all" into these sentences, but in Chinese it's _totally natural_ (and kind of weird not to). You just have to get used to it.
- **大家** _都_ 来 了 吗？
<!-- - **Dàjiā** _dōu_ lái le ma? -->
- Is everyone here?
- **大家** _都_ 应该 知道。
<!-- - **Dàjiā** _dōu_ yīnggāi zhīdào. -->
- Everyone should know.
- **大家** _都_ 说 你 很 聪明。
<!-- - **Dàjiā** _dōu_ shuō nǐ hěn cōngming. -->
- Everyone says you're smart.
- **大家** _都_ 忘 了 他 的 名字。
<!-- - **Dàjiā** _dōu_ wàng le tā de míngzi. -->
- Everyone forgot his name.
- **大家** _都_ 喜欢 吃辣 吗？
<!-- - **Dàjiā** _dōu_ xǐhuan chī là ma? -->
- Does everyone like eating spicy food?
## Examples with 每天 (měi tiān)
One other common way to use 都 (dōu) is when you're talking about something that happens really often, such as "every day": 每天 (měi tiān). Use 都 (dōu) here in Chinese, even if it feels unnatural. (Fake it 'til you make it!)
- 我 **每天** _都_ 要 上班 。
<!-- - Wǒ **měi tiān** _dōu_ yào shàngbān. -->
- I have to go to work every day.
- 老师 **每天** _都_ 迟到。
- Lǎoshī **měi tiān** _dōu_ chídào.
<!-- - The teacher comes late every day. -->
- 她 **每天** _都_ 不 吃 早饭。
<!-- - Tā **měi tiān** _dōu_ bù chī zǎofàn. -->
- Every day, she does not eat breakfast.
- 我 女朋友 **每天** _都_ 上 淘宝 。
<!-- - _Taobao_ is China's biggest online shopping website. -->
- Wǒ nǚpéngyou **měi tiān** _dōu_ shàng Táobǎo.My girlfriend goes on _Taobao_ every day.
- 妈妈 **每天** _都_ 给 我们 做 晚饭。
<!-- - Māma **měi tiān** _dōu_ gěi wǒmen zuò wǎnfàn. -->
- Mom cooks dinner for us every day.
For more uses with 每 (měi), see also: [Expressing "every" with "mei"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22every%22_with_%22mei%22).
## Other Examples
Here are some other examples that don't use 很多 (hěn duō) or 大家 (dàjiā) or 每天 (měi tiān), but are still quite typical:
- 美国人 _都_ 说 英文。
<!-- - Měiguó rén _dōu_ shuō Yīngwén. -->
- Americans all speak English.
- 我们 五 个 人 _都_ 去。
<!-- - Wǒmen wǔ gè rén _dōu_ qù. -->
- All five of us are going.
- 四川人 _都_ 喜欢 吃辣。
<!-- - Sìchuān rén _dōu_ xǐhuan chī là. -->
- Sichuanese people all like eating spicy food.
- 我 的 家人 _都_ 没 去 过 中国。
<!-- - Wǒ de jiārén _dōu_ méi qù guo Zhōngguó. -->
- None of my family members has been to China.
- 我 的 学生 _都_ 喜欢 问 问题。
<!-- - Wǒ de xuéshēng _dōu_ xǐhuan wèn wèntí. -->
- My students all like to ask questions.
## See also
- [The "all" adverb](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/The_%22all%22_adverb)
- [Expressing "every" with "每"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22every%22_with_%22mei%22)
## Sources and further reading
### Books
- [Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese_Grammar_-_Broken_down_into_100_items_-_Basic_and_Intermediate_Levels_(%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E7%99%BE%E9%A1%B9%E8%AE%B2%E7%BB%83_-_%E5%88%9D%E4%B8%AD%E7%BA%A7)>) (pp. 313) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [卓越汉语－公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 210) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
- [Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Basic_Patterns_of_Chinese_Grammar) (pp. 34) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
docs/allsetlearning/B1/不到.md
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# Expressing "less than" with "不到"
<SentenceQuiz>
- 我 女儿 _不到_ 三 岁 。
<!-- - Wǒ nǚ'ér _bùdào_ sān suì. -->
- My daughter is not yet three years old.
- 我 昨天 睡 了 _不到_ 五 个 小时 。
<!-- - Wǒ zuótiān shuì le _bùdào_ wǔ gè xiǎoshí. -->
- Yesterday I slept for almost five hours.
- 这 件 衣服 花 了 _不到_ 一 百 块 。
<!-- - Zhè jiàn yīfu huā le _bùdào_ yī bǎi kuài. -->
- On this piece of clothing I spent less than 100 RMB.
- 我 家 到 公司 _不到_ 五 百 米 。
<!-- - Wǒ jiā dào gōngsī _bùdào_ wǔ bǎi mǐ. -->
- My house is less than 500 meters from the office.
- 在 美国 ，_不到_ 21 岁 不 能 喝酒 。
<!-- - Zài Měiguó, _bùdào_ èrshí-yī suì, bù néng hējiǔ. -->
- In the US, if you're under 21 you can't drink alcohol.
- 她 的 病 _不到_ 一个 星期 **就** 好 **了** 。
<!-- - Tā de bìng _bùdào_ yī gè xīngqī **jiù** hǎo **le**. -->
- Her sickness got better in less than a week.
- 他们 认识 _不到_ 两 个 月 **就** 结婚 **了** 。
<!-- - Tāmen rènshi _bùdào_ liǎng gè yuè **jiù** jiéhūn **le**. -->
- After knowing each other for less than two months they got married.
- 李 医生 _不到_ 55 岁 **就** 退休 **了** 。
<!-- - Lǐ yīshēng _bùdào_ wǔshí-wǔ suì **jiù** tuìxiū **le**. -->
- Dr. Li retired at under the age of 55.
- 爷爷 _不到_ 60 岁 **就** 去世 **了** 。
<!-- - Yéye _bùdào_ liùshí suì **jiù** qùshì **le**. -->
- My grandpa was less than 60 years old when he died.
- 老板 _不到_ 30 岁 **就** 有 白 头发 **了** 。
<!-- - Lǎobǎn _bùdào_ sānshí suì **jiù** yǒu bái tóufa **le**. -->
- My boss is less than 30 years old and already has some gray hair.
</SentenceQuiz>
<TOC>
- Level: [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK0](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK0_grammar_points)
- Similar to
- Used for: [Expressing quantity](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_quantity)
- Keywords: [不到](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%B0)
</TOC>
The word 到 (dào) means "arrive," but it can also mean "to reach" or "to get to" in an abstract sense. So in this pattern, 不到 (bùdào) means "to not reach (the amount of)," or, to put it another way, "to be less than."
## Basic Pattern
### Structure
Subj. + 不到 + Number + [Measure Word] + Noun
### Examples
- 我 女儿 _不到_ 三 岁 。
<!-- - Wǒ nǚ'ér _bùdào_ sān suì. -->
- My daughter is not yet three years old.
- 我 昨天 睡 了 _不到_ 五 个 小时 。
<!-- - Wǒ zuótiān shuì le _bùdào_ wǔ gè xiǎoshí. -->
- Yesterday I slept for almost five hours.
- 这 件 衣服 花 了 _不到_ 一 百 块 。
<!-- - Zhè jiàn yīfu huā le _bùdào_ yī bǎi kuài. -->
- On this piece of clothing I spent less than 100 RMB.
- 我 家 到 公司 _不到_ 五 百 米 。
<!-- - Wǒ jiā dào gōngsī _bùdào_ wǔ bǎi mǐ. -->
- My house is less than 500 meters from the office.
- 在 美国 ，_不到_ 21 岁 不 能 喝酒 。
<!-- - Zài Měiguó, _bùdào_ èrshí-yī suì, bù néng hējiǔ. -->
- In the US, if you're under 21 you can't drink alcohol.
## Advanced Pattern
### Structure
When 不到 (bùdào) is put before a time or a duration of time, it needs to be followed with 就 (jiù). This shows that something (usually referring to the past) has happened earlier than expected.
Subj. + 不到 + Time + 就 + Predicate + 了
### Examples
- 她 的 病 _不到_ 一个 星期 **就** 好 **了** 。
<!-- - Tā de bìng _bùdào_ yī gè xīngqī **jiù** hǎo **le**. -->
- Her sickness got better in less than a week.
- 他们 认识 _不到_ 两 个 月 **就** 结婚 **了** 。
<!-- - Tāmen rènshi _bùdào_ liǎng gè yuè **jiù** jiéhūn **le**. -->
- After knowing each other for less than two months they got married.
- 李 医生 _不到_ 55 岁 **就** 退休 **了** 。
<!-- - Lǐ yīshēng _bùdào_ wǔshí-wǔ suì **jiù** tuìxiū **le**. -->
- Dr. Li retired at under the age of 55.
- 爷爷 _不到_ 60 岁 **就** 去世 **了** 。
<!-- - Yéye _bùdào_ liùshí suì **jiù** qùshì **le**. -->
- My grandpa was less than 60 years old when he died.
- 老板 _不到_ 30 岁 **就** 有 白 头发 **了** 。
<!-- - Lǎobǎn _bùdào_ sānshí suì **jiù** yǒu bái tóufa **le**. -->
- My boss is less than 30 years old and already has some gray hair.
For other similar uses of 就, see also [expressing earliness with "就."](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_earliness_with_%22jiu%22)
## See also
- [Emphasizing quantity with "都"](../A2/都.md)
- [Referring to "all" using "所有"](./所有.md)
- [Indicating a number in excess](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_a_number_in_excess)
- [Indicating the whole with "全"](./全.md)
docs/allsetlearning/B1/全.md
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# Indicating the whole with "全"
<SentenceQuiz>
- 我们 _全_ 家 _都_ 去 过 北京 。
<!-- - Wǒmen _quán_ jiā _dōu_ qù guo Běijīng. -->
- Our entire family has been to Beijing.
- _全_ 公司 的 人 _都_ 不 喜欢 新 老板 。
<!-- - _Quán_ gōngsī de rén _dōu_ bù xǐhuan xīn lǎobǎn. -->
- The whole company doesn't like the new boss.
- 运动 完 以后 我 _全_ 身 _都_ 是 汗 。
<!-- - Yùndòng wán yǐhòu wǒ _quán_ shēn _dōu_ shì hàn. -->
- My whole body was sweaty after I finished exercising.
- _全_ 校 _都_ 放假 了 。
<!-- - _Quán_ xiào _dōu_ fàngjià le. -->
- The whole school is on break.
- 这个 地方 _全_ 年 _都_ 很 热 。
<!-- - Zhège dìfang _quán_ nián _dōu_ hěn rè. -->
- This place is hot all year round.
- 大家 _全_ _都_ 到 了。
<!-- - Dàjiā _quán_ _dōu_ dào le. -->
- Everybody has arrived.
- 奶奶 的 头发 _全_ _都_ 白 了。
<!-- - Nǎinai de tóufà _quán_ _dōu_ bái le. -->
- All of grandma's hair has turned white.
- 我 妈妈 做 的 菜 _全_ _都_ 好吃 。
<!-- - Wǒ māma zuò de cài _quán_ _dōu_ hǎochī. -->
- All of the food that my mother makes is tasty.
- 作业 _全_ _都_ 做 完 了 吗 ？
<!-- - Zuòyè _quán_ _dōu_ zuò wán le ma? -->
- Have you finished all your homework?
- 你 _全_ _都_ 拿 走 吧。
<!-- - Nǐ _quán_ _dōu_ názǒu ba. -->
- Take them all.
- 他们 _全_ _都_ 没 去 。
<!-- - Tāmen _quán_ _dōu_ méi qù. -->
- None of them went.
- 这个 周末 我们 _全_ _都_ 不 在 家 。
<!-- - Zhège zhōumò wǒmen _quán_ _dōu_ bú zài jiā. -->
- None of us will be home this weekend.
- 你们 _全_ _都_ 不 怕 吗 ？
<!-- - Nǐmen _quán_ _dōu_ bú pà ma? -->
- Are none of you afraid?
- 这些 菜 _全_ _都_ 没 熟 。
<!-- - Zhèxiē cài _quán_ _dōu_ méi shú. -->
- None of these dishes is fully cooked.
- 他 的 话 我 _全_ _都_ 不 相信 。
<!-- - Tā de huà wǒ _quán_ _dōu_ bù xiāngxìn. -->
- I don't believe anything he says.
- 他 说 得 有 道理 ，但 我 不 _全_ _都_ 同意 。
<!-- - Tā shuō de yǒu dàolǐ, dàn wǒ bù _quán_ _dōu_ tóngyì. -->
- He has a point, but I don't agree with all of it.
- 菜 太 多 了 ，我们 没 _全_ _都_ 吃完 。
<!-- - Cài tài duō le, wǒmen méi _quán_ _dōu_ chī wán. -->
- The food was too much. We didn't finish eating it all.
- 昨天 作业 太 多 了 ，我 没 _全_ _都_ 做完 。
<!-- - Zuótiān zuòyè tài duō le, wǒ méi _quán_ _dōu_ zuò wán. -->
- I had too much homework yesterday. I didn't finish doing it all.
- 我 的 家人 没 _全_ _都_ 来 参加 我 的 婚礼 。
<!-- - Wǒ de jiārén méi _quán_ _dōu_ lái cānjiā wǒ de hūnlǐ. -->
- Not all of my family came to my wedding.
- 你 说 得 太 快 了 ， 我 没 _全_ _都_ 记 下来 。
<!-- - Nǐ shuō de tài kuài le, wǒ méi _quán_ _dōu_ jì xiàlái. -->
- You spoke too fast. I didn't write down all of what you said.
</SentenceQuiz>
<TOC>
- Level: [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points)
- Similar to
- [Expressing "all" with "所有"](./所有.md) (B1)
- [Expressing "double negation"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22double_negation%22) (B1)
- [Expressing "less than" with "不到"](./不到.md) (B1)
- [Expressing "no exception" with "一律"](../C1/adverbs/一律.md) (C1)
- Used for: [Sentence Patterns](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Sentence_Patterns), [Expressing quantity](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_quantity)
- Keywords: [都](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E9%83%BD), [全](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%85%A8)
</TOC>
One of the uses of 全 (quán) is to indicate the entirety of something. It could be used for something like a _whole_ household, an _entire_ country, the _whole_ world, etc.
## Used before Noun
### Structure
Simply put 全 in front of the noun you want to emphasize "the whole" of. You cannot use it with 的. Pay attention to the types of nouns you can use with 全, since it is usually paired up with 身 (body), 家 (family), 国 (country), 世界 (world), 天 (day) and the like.
全 + Noun + 都 + Predicate
The [predicate](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Predicate) part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective.
### Examples
- 我们 _全_ 家 _都_ 去 过 北京 。
<!-- - Wǒmen _quán_ jiā _dōu_ qù guo Běijīng. -->
- Our entire family has been to Beijing.
- _全_ 公司 的 人 _都_ 不 喜欢 新 老板 。
<!-- - _Quán_ gōngsī de rén _dōu_ bù xǐhuan xīn lǎobǎn. -->
- The whole company doesn't like the new boss.
- 运动 完 以后 我 _全_ 身 _都_ 是 汗 。
<!-- - Yùndòng wán yǐhòu wǒ _quán_ shēn _dōu_ shì hàn. -->
- My whole body was sweaty after I finished exercising.
- _全_ 校 _都_ 放假 了 。
<!-- - _Quán_ xiào _dōu_ fàngjià le. -->
- The whole school is on break.
- 这个 地方 _全_ 年 _都_ 很 热 。
<!-- - Zhège dìfang _quán_ nián _dōu_ hěn rè. -->
- This place is hot all year round.
## Used before Predicate
### Affirmative Form
Before a verb 全 can be omitted, but if it is used, the purpose is to emphasize the idea of "all" or "entire."
#### Structure
Subj. + 全都 + Predicate
#### Examples
- 大家 _全_ _都_ 到 了。
<!-- - Dàjiā _quán_ _dōu_ dào le. -->
- Everybody has arrived.
- 奶奶 的 头发 _全_ _都_ 白 了。
<!-- - Nǎinai de tóufà _quán_ _dōu_ bái le. -->
- All of grandma's hair has turned white.
- 我 妈妈 做 的 菜 _全_ _都_ 好吃 。
<!-- - Wǒ māma zuò de cài _quán_ _dōu_ hǎochī. -->
- All of the food that my mother makes is tasty.
- 作业 _全_ _都_ 做 完 了 吗 ？
<!-- - Zuòyè _quán_ _dōu_ zuò wán le ma? -->
- Have you finished all your homework?
- 你 _全_ _都_ 拿 走 吧。
<!-- - Nǐ _quán_ _dōu_ názǒu ba. -->
- Take them all.
### Negative Form: Total Negation
#### Structure
When you negate 全都 with 不 or 没 _after_ it, you're not just saying "not entirely," you're saying "_none of it_" or "_not at all_."
Subj. + 全都 + 不 / 没 + Predicate
#### Examples
- 他们 _全_ _都_ 没 去 。
<!-- - Tāmen _quán_ _dōu_ méi qù. -->
- None of them went.
- 这个 周末 我们 _全_ _都_ 不 在 家 。
<!-- - Zhège zhōumò wǒmen _quán_ _dōu_ bú zài jiā. -->
- None of us will be home this weekend.
- 你们 _全_ _都_ 不 怕 吗 ？
<!-- - Nǐmen _quán_ _dōu_ bú pà ma? -->
- Are none of you afraid?
- 这些 菜 _全_ _都_ 没 熟 。
<!-- - Zhèxiē cài _quán_ _dōu_ méi shú. -->
- None of these dishes is fully cooked.
- 他 的 话 我 _全_ _都_ 不 相信 。
<!-- - Tā de huà wǒ _quán_ _dōu_ bù xiāngxìn. -->
- I don't believe anything he says.
### Negative Pattern: Partial Negation
#### Structure
When you negate by putting 不 or 没 _before_ 全都, you're only _partially_ negating. In other words, you're communicating "_not all_."
Subj. + 不 / 没 + 全都 + Predicate
#### Examples
- 他 说 得 有 道理 ，但 我 不 _全_ _都_ 同意 。
<!-- - Tā shuō de yǒu dàolǐ, dàn wǒ bù _quán_ _dōu_ tóngyì. -->
- He has a point, but I don't agree with all of it.
- 菜 太 多 了 ，我们 没 _全_ _都_ 吃完 。
<!-- - Cài tài duō le, wǒmen méi _quán_ _dōu_ chī wán. -->
- The food was too much. We didn't finish eating it all.
- 昨天 作业 太 多 了 ，我 没 _全_ _都_ 做完 。
<!-- - Zuótiān zuòyè tài duō le, wǒ méi _quán_ _dōu_ zuò wán. -->
- I had too much homework yesterday. I didn't finish doing it all.
- 我 的 家人 没 _全_ _都_ 来 参加 我 的 婚礼 。
<!-- - Wǒ de jiārén méi _quán_ _dōu_ lái cānjiā wǒ de hūnlǐ. -->
- Not all of my family came to my wedding.
- 你 说 得 太 快 了 ， 我 没 _全_ _都_ 记 下来 。
<!-- - Nǐ shuō de tài kuài le, wǒ méi _quán_ _dōu_ jì xiàlái. -->
- You spoke too fast. I didn't write down all of what you said.
## See also
- [Referring to "all" using "所有"](./所有.md)
- [Expressing "Everyone" with "谁"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22Everyone%22_with_%22shei%22)
- [Expressing "All" with "什么都 "](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22All%22_with_%22shenme_dou%22)
- [Expressing "Every" with "每" and "都"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22Every%22_with_%22mei%22_and_%22dou%22)
- [Emphasizing quantity with "都"](../A2/都.md)
## Sources and further reading
### Books
- [现代汉语八百词](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D) (pp. 457) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
docs/allsetlearning/B1/所有.md
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# Expressing "all" with "所有"
<SentenceQuiz>
- 你 买 了 她 _所有 的_ 书 ？
<!-- - Nǐ mǎi le tā _suǒyǒu de_ shū? -->
- You've bought all her books?
- 我 喜欢 _所有_ 我 妈妈 做 的 菜 。
<!-- - Wǒ xǐhuan _suǒyǒu_ wǒ māma zuò de cài. -->
- I like all the food my mom cooks.
- 他 记得 _所有_ 朋友 的 生日 。
<!-- - Tā jìde _suǒyǒu_ péngyou de shēngrì. -->
- He remembers all of his friends' birthdays.
- 我 的 孩子 看 过 _所有_ 的 迪斯尼 动画片 。
<!-- - Wǒ de háizi kàn guo _suǒyǒu_ de Dísīní dònghuàpiàn. -->
- My child has seen all of the Disney animated films.
- _所有_ 人 **都** 走 了 吗 ？
<!-- - _Suǒyǒu_ rén **dōu** zǒu le ma? -->
- Did all the people leave?
- _所有 的_ 学校 **都** 放假 了。
<!-- - _Suǒyǒu de_ xuéxiào **dōu** fàngjià le. -->
- All the schools are out for the holiday.
- 我们 学校 _所有 的_ 老师 **都** 会 说 英文 。
<!-- - Wǒmen xuéxiào _suǒyǒu de_ lǎoshī **dōu** huì shuō Yīngwén. -->
- All the teachers in our school can speak English.
- 我们 公司 _所有_ 人 **都** 参加 了 这个 会议 。
<!-- - Wǒmen gōngsī _suǒyǒu_ rén **dōu** cānjiā le zhège huìyì. -->
- All people in our company attended this meeting.
- 不是 _所有 的_ 美国 人 **都** 爱 喝 咖啡 。
<!-- - Bù shì _suǒyǒu de_ Měiguó rén **dōu** ài hē kāfēi. -->
- Not all Americans like drinking coffee.
- 不是 _所有_ 问题 **都** 能 用 钱 来 解决 。
<!-- - Bù shì _suǒyǒu_ wèntí **dōu** néng yòng qián lái jiějué. -->
- Not all problems can be solved with money.
- 不是 _所有_ 朋友 **都** 愿意 帮 他 。
<!-- - Bù shì _suǒyǒu_ péngyou **dōu** yuànyì bāng tā. -->
- Not all of his friends are willing to help him.
- 不是 _所有 的_ 公司 **都** 给 员工 提供 培训 。
<!-- - Bù shì _suǒyǒu de_ gōngsī **dōu** gěi yuángōng tígōng péixùn. -->
- Not all companies provide their employees with training.
</SentenceQuiz>
<TOC>
- Level: [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points)
- Similar to
- [Emphasizing quantity with "都"](../A2/都.md) (A2)
- [Expressing "everything" with "什么都"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22everything%22_with_%22shenme_dou%22) (A2)
- [Expressing "double negation"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22double_negation%22) (B1)
- [Expressing "every time" with "每" and "都"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22every_time%22_with_%22mei%22_and_%22dou%22) (B1)
- [Expressing "every" with question words](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22every%22_with_question_words) (B1)
- [Expressing "less than" with "不到"](./不到.md) (B1)
- [Indicating the whole with "全"](./全.md) (B1)
- [Expressing "any" with "任何"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22any%22_with_%22renhe%22) (B2)
- [Expressing "no exception" with "一律"](../C1/adverbs/一律.md) (C1)
- Used for: [Expressing quantity](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_quantity)
- Keywords: [所有](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89)
</TOC>
You can use 所有 (suǒyǒu) to say "all of" something. It's what you use to say phrases like "all the money in the world" or "all of my friends."
## Basic Pattern
### Structure
This pattern is used to refer to "all" of a noun, with the quantity of said noun usually being fairly large. You may notice that the 的 after 所有 is occasionally omitted.
所有 (+ 的) + Noun
### Examples
- 你 买 了 她 _所有 的_ 书 ？
<!-- - Nǐ mǎi le tā _suǒyǒu de_ shū? -->
- You've bought all her books?
- 我 喜欢 _所有_ 我 妈妈 做 的 菜 。
<!-- - Wǒ xǐhuan _suǒyǒu_ wǒ māma zuò de cài. -->
- I like all the food my mom cooks.
- 他 记得 _所有_ 朋友 的 生日 。
<!-- - Tā jìde _suǒyǒu_ péngyou de shēngrì. -->
- He remembers all of his friends' birthdays.
- 我 的 孩子 看 过 _所有_ 的 迪斯尼 动画片 。
<!-- - Wǒ de háizi kàn guo _suǒyǒu_ de Dísīní dònghuàpiàn. -->
- My child has seen all of the Disney animated films.
## Full Sentence Pattern
When you make 所有 part of the subject, you're typically going to need 都 before the predicate.
### Structure
所有 (+ 的) + Noun + 都 + Predicate
The [predicate](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Predicate) part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective.
### Examples
- _所有_ 人 **都** 走 了 吗 ？
<!-- - _Suǒyǒu_ rén **dōu** zǒu le ma? -->
- Did all the people leave?
- _所有 的_ 学校 **都** 放假 了。
<!-- - _Suǒyǒu de_ xuéxiào **dōu** fàngjià le. -->
- All the schools are out for the holiday.
- 我们 学校 _所有 的_ 老师 **都** 会 说 英文 。
<!-- - Wǒmen xuéxiào _suǒyǒu de_ lǎoshī **dōu** huì shuō Yīngwén. -->
- All the teachers in our school can speak English.
- 我们 公司 _所有_ 人 **都** 参加 了 这个 会议 。
<!-- - Wǒmen gōngsī _suǒyǒu_ rén **dōu** cānjiā le zhège huìyì. -->
- All people in our company attended this meeting.
## "Not All" with 不是所有的
Take note that you use 不是 rather than just 不 to negate 所有.
### Structure
不是 + 所有 (+ 的) + Noun + 都 + Predicate
### Examples
- 不是 _所有 的_ 美国 人 **都** 爱 喝 咖啡 。
<!-- - Bù shì _suǒyǒu de_ Měiguó rén **dōu** ài hē kāfēi. -->
- Not all Americans like drinking coffee.
- 不是 _所有_ 问题 **都** 能 用 钱 来 解决 。
<!-- - Bù shì _suǒyǒu_ wèntí **dōu** néng yòng qián lái jiějué. -->
- Not all problems can be solved with money.
- 不是 _所有_ 朋友 **都** 愿意 帮 他 。
<!-- - Bù shì _suǒyǒu_ péngyou **dōu** yuànyì bāng tā. -->
- Not all of his friends are willing to help him.
- 不是 _所有 的_ 公司 **都** 给 员工 提供 培训 。
<!-- - Bù shì _suǒyǒu de_ gōngsī **dōu** gěi yuángōng tígōng péixùn. -->
- Not all companies provide their employees with training.
## See also
- [Expressing "Everyone" with "谁"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22Everyone%22_with_%22shei%22)
- [Expressing "All" with "什么都"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22All%22_with_%22shenme_dou%22)
- [Expressing "Every" with "每" and "都"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22Every%22_with_%22mei%22_and_%22dou%22)
- [Indicating the whole with "全"](./全.md)
## Sources and further reading
### Books
- [Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Modern_Mandarin_Chinese_Grammar:_A_Practical_Guide) (pp. 283) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [Contemporary Chinese 4 (当代中文4) ](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Contemporary_Chinese_4_(%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%874)>) (pp. 181) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
### Websites
- Chinesegrammar.info: [Chinese grammar 所 (suǒ) structural particle](http://chinesegrammar.info/particles/suo-structural-particle/)
docs/allsetlearning/C1/adverbs/一律.md
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# Expressing "no exception" with "一律"
<SentenceQuiz>
- 明天 的 部门 会议 _一律_ **都** 要 参加 。
- Everyone needs to attend tomorrow's department meeting.
- 70岁 以上 的 老人 坐公交 _一律_ **都** 免费 。
- Old people above 70 can take the bus free of charge.
- 不管 是 谁 ，_一律_ **都** 要 通过 六个月 试用期 。
- Everyone needs to pass probation no matter who you are.
- 不需要 的 东西 _一律_ 捐掉 。
- Please donate things that are no longer needed.
- 政府 命令 重污染 企业 _一律_ 停业 。
- 从 明年 一月 起 酒后驾车 _一律_ 重罚 。
- 这些 刚刚 过期 的 食物 _一律_ **都** 半价 。
- Those food that just expired are sold at half price.
- 这里 的 家具 _一律_ 新的 。
- These furnitures here are all brand new.
</SentenceQuiz>
<TOC>
- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
- Similar to
- Used for: [Expressing attitude](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_attitude), [Emphasizing](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Emphasizing), [Expressing quantity](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_quantity)
- Keywords: [都](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E9%83%BD), [一律](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%80%E5%BE%8B)
</TOC>
"一律"表示适用于全体，没有例外。这个词比较书面语。。"一律"虽然修饰的是后面的谓语，但其实针对的是前面的对象。多用于修饰人。
## Structure
一律 (+ 都) + Verb / Adj.
"一律"经常和"都"连用，加强语气。
## Examples
- 明天 的 部门 会议 _一律_ **都** 要 参加 。
- Everyone needs to attend tomorrow's department meeting.
- 70岁 以上 的 老人 坐公交 _一律_ **都** 免费 。
- Old people above 70 can take the bus free of charge.
- 不管 是 谁 ，_一律_ **都** 要 通过 六个月 试用期 。
- Everyone needs to pass probation no matter who you are.
- 不需要 的 东西 _一律_ 捐掉 。
- Please donate things that are no longer needed.
- 政府 命令 重污染 企业 _一律_ 停业 。
- 从 明年 一月 起 酒后驾车 _一律_ 重罚 。
---
有时候"一律"也可以修饰名词性成分，这时可以理解为句中包含的动词被省略了。
- 这些 刚刚 过期 的 食物 _一律_ **都** 半价 。
- Those food that just expired are sold at half price.
- 这里 的 家具 _一律_ 新的 。
- These furnitures here are all brand new.
## See also
- [Expressing "all" with "所有"](../../B1/所有.md)
- [Emphasizing quantity with "都"](../../A2/都.md)
- [Indicating the whole with "全"](../../B1/全.md)
docs/allsetlearning/C1/index.md
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| [Expressing "as if" with "似乎"](./adverbs/似乎.md) | Subj. + 似乎 ⋯⋯ | 你 说 得 _似乎_ 很 有道理 。 |
| [Expressing "contrary to expectations" with "偏偏"](./adverbs/偏偏.md) | A ,Subject + 偏偏 + B | 不 叫 他 去，他 _偏偏_ 要 去。 |
| [Expressing "even so" with "再不... 也..."](./adverbs/再不.md) | 再不…… 也…… | _再 不_ 走，我 _也_ 。 |
| [Expressing "no exception" with "一律"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGC8A38) | 一律 + Predicate | 明天 的 部门 会议 _一律_ **都** 要 参加 。 |
| [Expressing "no exception" with "一律"](./adverbs/一律.md) | 一律 + Predicate | 明天 的 部门 会议 _一律_ **都** 要 参加 。 |
| [Expressing "nothing but" with "无非"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGW0911) | 无非 + 是 + Verb / Noun | 我 _无非_ 是 想 要 一 台 电脑 ！ |
| [Expressing the unexpected with "竟然"](./adverbs/竟然.md) | Subj. + 竟然 ⋯⋯ | 我们 要 出发 的 时候，他 _竟然_ 说 不 去 了 。 |
| [Expressing "when the time comes" with "到时候"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGMDJTD) | A, 到时候 + B | 现在 不 好好 准备 考试，_到时候_ 又 要 后悔 了。 |