From 84156194e885332922860b6f00ce90e17a01033a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: polv Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2026 16:29:10 +0700 Subject: [PATCH] add points --- docs/allsetlearning/A2/都.md | 182 ++++++++++++++++++++++ docs/allsetlearning/B1/不到.md | 106 +++++++++++++ docs/allsetlearning/B1/全.md | 203 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ docs/allsetlearning/B1/所有.md | 151 ++++++++++++++++++ docs/allsetlearning/C1/adverbs/一律.md | 65 ++++++++ docs/allsetlearning/C1/index.md | 2 +- 6 files changed, 708 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 docs/allsetlearning/A2/都.md create mode 100644 docs/allsetlearning/B1/不到.md create mode 100644 docs/allsetlearning/B1/全.md create mode 100644 docs/allsetlearning/B1/所有.md create mode 100644 docs/allsetlearning/C1/adverbs/一律.md diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/A2/都.md b/docs/allsetlearning/A2/都.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1fd8abb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/A2/都.md @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ +# Emphasizing quantity with "都" + + + +- **很 多** 地方 _都_ 有 wifi。 + + - A lot of places have wifi. +- 我 的 **很 多** 朋友 _都_ 有 车。 + + - A lot of my friends have cars. +- **很 多** 美国人 _都_ 喜欢 喝 咖啡 。 + + - A lot of Americans like drinking coffee. +- **很 多** 孩子 _都_ 不 喜欢 上学。 + + - A lot of kids don't like to go to school. +- **很 多** 年轻人 _都_ 想 在 大 城市 工作。 + + - A lot of young people want to go to work in big cities. +- **大家** _都_ 来 了 吗？ + + - Is everyone here? +- **大家** _都_ 应该 知道。 + + - Everyone should know. +- **大家** _都_ 说 你 很 聪明。 + + - Everyone says you're smart. +- **大家** _都_ 忘 了 他 的 名字。 + + - Everyone forgot his name. +- **大家** _都_ 喜欢 吃辣 吗？ + + - Does everyone like eating spicy food? +- 我 **每天** _都_ 要 上班 。 + + - I have to go to work every day. +- 老师 **每天** _都_ 迟到。 + - Lǎoshī **měi tiān** _dōu_ chídào. + +- 她 **每天** _都_ 不 吃 早饭。 + + - Every day, she does not eat breakfast. +- 我 女朋友 **每天** _都_ 上 淘宝 。 + + - Wǒ nǚpéngyou **měi tiān** _dōu_ shàng Táobǎo.My girlfriend goes on _Taobao_ every day. +- 妈妈 **每天** _都_ 给 我们 做 晚饭。 + + - Mom cooks dinner for us every day. +- 美国人 _都_ 说 英文。 + + - Americans all speak English. +- 我们 五 个 人 _都_ 去。 + + - All five of us are going. +- 四川人 _都_ 喜欢 吃辣。 + + - Sichuanese people all like eating spicy food. +- 我 的 家人 _都_ 没 去 过 中国。 + + - None of my family members has been to China. +- 我 的 学生 _都_ 喜欢 问 问题。 + + - My students all like to ask questions. + + + + + +- Level: [A2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/A2_grammar_points) / [HSK2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK2_grammar_points) +- Similar to + - [The "all" adverb "都"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/The_%22all%22_adverb_%22dou%22) (A1) + - [Expressing "all" with "所有"](../B1/所有.md) (B1) + - [Expressing "every time" with "每" and "都"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22every_time%22_with_%22mei%22_and_%22dou%22) (B1) + - [Expressing "no exception" with "一律"](../C1/adverbs/一律.md) (C1) +- Used for: [Emphasizing](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Emphasizing), [Expressing quantity](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_quantity) +- Keywords" [都](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E9%83%BD) + + + +都 (dōu) is one of those words that on the surface may seem simple, but actually has many different subtle uses. In this article, we will look at using [都](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E9%83%BD) (dōu) to emphasize quantity. + +## Structure + +You can use 都 (dōu) to emphasize the large quantity of something. The subject should be some sort of large group (like a majority of people or things), e.g. 很多人 (hěn duō rén) or 大家 (dàjiā). + +Subj. + 都 + Verb + Obj. + +## Examples with 很多 (hěn duō) + +First let's look at some typical examples using 很多 (hěn duō) to emphasize that it's "a lot." Note that in English, it would be totally redundant and unnecessary to add "all" into these sentences, but in Chinese it's _totally natural_ (and kind of weird not to). If you remember to follow the rule and keep using the 都 (dōu), eventually it will become more natural for you too. + +- **很 多** 地方 _都_ 有 wifi。 + + - A lot of places have wifi. +- 我 的 **很 多** 朋友 _都_ 有 车。 + + - A lot of my friends have cars. +- **很 多** 美国人 _都_ 喜欢 喝 咖啡 。 + + - A lot of Americans like drinking coffee. +- **很 多** 孩子 _都_ 不 喜欢 上学。 + + - A lot of kids don't like to go to school. +- **很 多** 年轻人 _都_ 想 在 大 城市 工作。 + + - A lot of young people want to go to work in big cities. + +## Examples with 大家 (dàjiā) + +Now let's look at some examples using 大家 (dàjiā) or "everyone." Again, in English, it would be totally redundant and unnecessary to add "all" into these sentences, but in Chinese it's _totally natural_ (and kind of weird not to). You just have to get used to it. + +- **大家** _都_ 来 了 吗？ + + - Is everyone here? +- **大家** _都_ 应该 知道。 + + - Everyone should know. +- **大家** _都_ 说 你 很 聪明。 + + - Everyone says you're smart. +- **大家** _都_ 忘 了 他 的 名字。 + + - Everyone forgot his name. +- **大家** _都_ 喜欢 吃辣 吗？ + + - Does everyone like eating spicy food? + +## Examples with 每天 (měi tiān) + +One other common way to use 都 (dōu) is when you're talking about something that happens really often, such as "every day": 每天 (měi tiān). Use 都 (dōu) here in Chinese, even if it feels unnatural. (Fake it 'til you make it!) + +- 我 **每天** _都_ 要 上班 。 + + - I have to go to work every day. +- 老师 **每天** _都_ 迟到。 + - Lǎoshī **měi tiān** _dōu_ chídào. + +- 她 **每天** _都_ 不 吃 早饭。 + + - Every day, she does not eat breakfast. +- 我 女朋友 **每天** _都_ 上 淘宝 。 + + - Wǒ nǚpéngyou **měi tiān** _dōu_ shàng Táobǎo.My girlfriend goes on _Taobao_ every day. +- 妈妈 **每天** _都_ 给 我们 做 晚饭。 + + - Mom cooks dinner for us every day. + +For more uses with 每 (měi), see also: [Expressing "every" with "mei"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22every%22_with_%22mei%22). + +## Other Examples + +Here are some other examples that don't use 很多 (hěn duō) or 大家 (dàjiā) or 每天 (měi tiān), but are still quite typical: + +- 美国人 _都_ 说 英文。 + + - Americans all speak English. +- 我们 五 个 人 _都_ 去。 + + - All five of us are going. +- 四川人 _都_ 喜欢 吃辣。 + + - Sichuanese people all like eating spicy food. +- 我 的 家人 _都_ 没 去 过 中国。 + + - None of my family members has been to China. +- 我 的 学生 _都_ 喜欢 问 问题。 + + - My students all like to ask questions. + +## See also + +- [The "all" adverb](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/The_%22all%22_adverb) +- [Expressing "every" with "每"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22every%22_with_%22mei%22) + +## Sources and further reading + +### Books + +- [Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)]() (pp. 313) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [卓越汉语－公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 210) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,) +- [Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Basic_Patterns_of_Chinese_Grammar) (pp. 34) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/B1/不到.md b/docs/allsetlearning/B1/不到.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6e0ec4c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/B1/不到.md @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +# Expressing "less than" with "不到" + + + +- 我 女儿 _不到_ 三 岁 。 + + - My daughter is not yet three years old. +- 我 昨天 睡 了 _不到_ 五 个 小时 。 + + - Yesterday I slept for almost five hours. +- 这 件 衣服 花 了 _不到_ 一 百 块 。 + + - On this piece of clothing I spent less than 100 RMB. +- 我 家 到 公司 _不到_ 五 百 米 。 + + - My house is less than 500 meters from the office. +- 在 美国 ，_不到_ 21 岁 不 能 喝酒 。 + + - In the US, if you're under 21 you can't drink alcohol. +- 她 的 病 _不到_ 一个 星期 **就** 好 **了** 。 + + - Her sickness got better in less than a week. +- 他们 认识 _不到_ 两 个 月 **就** 结婚 **了** 。 + + - After knowing each other for less than two months they got married. +- 李 医生 _不到_ 55 岁 **就** 退休 **了** 。 + + - Dr. Li retired at under the age of 55. +- 爷爷 _不到_ 60 岁 **就** 去世 **了** 。 + + - My grandpa was less than 60 years old when he died. +- 老板 _不到_ 30 岁 **就** 有 白 头发 **了** 。 + + - My boss is less than 30 years old and already has some gray hair. + + + + + +- Level: [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK0](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK0_grammar_points) +- Similar to +- Used for: [Expressing quantity](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_quantity) +- Keywords: [不到](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%B0) + + + +The word 到 (dào) means "arrive," but it can also mean "to reach" or "to get to" in an abstract sense. So in this pattern, 不到 (bùdào) means "to not reach (the amount of)," or, to put it another way, "to be less than." + +## Basic Pattern + +### Structure + +Subj. + 不到 + Number + [Measure Word] + Noun + +### Examples + +- 我 女儿 _不到_ 三 岁 。 + + - My daughter is not yet three years old. +- 我 昨天 睡 了 _不到_ 五 个 小时 。 + + - Yesterday I slept for almost five hours. +- 这 件 衣服 花 了 _不到_ 一 百 块 。 + + - On this piece of clothing I spent less than 100 RMB. +- 我 家 到 公司 _不到_ 五 百 米 。 + + - My house is less than 500 meters from the office. +- 在 美国 ，_不到_ 21 岁 不 能 喝酒 。 + + - In the US, if you're under 21 you can't drink alcohol. + +## Advanced Pattern + +### Structure + +When 不到 (bùdào) is put before a time or a duration of time, it needs to be followed with 就 (jiù). This shows that something (usually referring to the past) has happened earlier than expected. + +Subj. + 不到 + Time + 就 + Predicate + 了 + +### Examples + +- 她 的 病 _不到_ 一个 星期 **就** 好 **了** 。 + + - Her sickness got better in less than a week. +- 他们 认识 _不到_ 两 个 月 **就** 结婚 **了** 。 + + - After knowing each other for less than two months they got married. +- 李 医生 _不到_ 55 岁 **就** 退休 **了** 。 + + - Dr. Li retired at under the age of 55. +- 爷爷 _不到_ 60 岁 **就** 去世 **了** 。 + + - My grandpa was less than 60 years old when he died. +- 老板 _不到_ 30 岁 **就** 有 白 头发 **了** 。 + + - My boss is less than 30 years old and already has some gray hair. + +For other similar uses of 就, see also [expressing earliness with "就."](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_earliness_with_%22jiu%22) + +## See also + +- [Emphasizing quantity with "都"](../A2/都.md) +- [Referring to "all" using "所有"](./所有.md) +- [Indicating a number in excess](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_a_number_in_excess) +- [Indicating the whole with "全"](./全.md) diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/B1/全.md b/docs/allsetlearning/B1/全.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0f8d98e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/B1/全.md @@ -0,0 +1,203 @@ +# Indicating the whole with "全" + + + +- 我们 _全_ 家 _都_ 去 过 北京 。 + + - Our entire family has been to Beijing. +- _全_ 公司 的 人 _都_ 不 喜欢 新 老板 。 + + - The whole company doesn't like the new boss. +- 运动 完 以后 我 _全_ 身 _都_ 是 汗 。 + + - My whole body was sweaty after I finished exercising. +- _全_ 校 _都_ 放假 了 。 + + - The whole school is on break. +- 这个 地方 _全_ 年 _都_ 很 热 。 + + - This place is hot all year round. +- 大家 _全_ _都_ 到 了。 + + - Everybody has arrived. +- 奶奶 的 头发 _全_ _都_ 白 了。 + + - All of grandma's hair has turned white. +- 我 妈妈 做 的 菜 _全_ _都_ 好吃 。 + + - All of the food that my mother makes is tasty. +- 作业 _全_ _都_ 做 完 了 吗 ？ + + - Have you finished all your homework? +- 你 _全_ _都_ 拿 走 吧。 + + - Take them all. +- 他们 _全_ _都_ 没 去 。 + + - None of them went. +- 这个 周末 我们 _全_ _都_ 不 在 家 。 + + - None of us will be home this weekend. +- 你们 _全_ _都_ 不 怕 吗 ？ + + - Are none of you afraid? +- 这些 菜 _全_ _都_ 没 熟 。 + + - None of these dishes is fully cooked. +- 他 的 话 我 _全_ _都_ 不 相信 。 + + - I don't believe anything he says. +- 他 说 得 有 道理 ，但 我 不 _全_ _都_ 同意 。 + + - He has a point, but I don't agree with all of it. +- 菜 太 多 了 ，我们 没 _全_ _都_ 吃完 。 + + - The food was too much. We didn't finish eating it all. +- 昨天 作业 太 多 了 ，我 没 _全_ _都_ 做完 。 + + - I had too much homework yesterday. I didn't finish doing it all. +- 我 的 家人 没 _全_ _都_ 来 参加 我 的 婚礼 。 + + - Not all of my family came to my wedding. +- 你 说 得 太 快 了 ， 我 没 _全_ _都_ 记 下来 。 + + - You spoke too fast. I didn't write down all of what you said. + + + + + +- Level: [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points) +- Similar to + - [Expressing "all" with "所有"](./所有.md) (B1) + - [Expressing "double negation"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22double_negation%22) (B1) + - [Expressing "less than" with "不到"](./不到.md) (B1) + - [Expressing "no exception" with "一律"](../C1/adverbs/一律.md) (C1) +- Used for: [Sentence Patterns](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Sentence_Patterns), [Expressing quantity](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_quantity) +- Keywords: [都](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E9%83%BD), [全](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%85%A8) + + + +One of the uses of 全 (quán) is to indicate the entirety of something. It could be used for something like a _whole_ household, an _entire_ country, the _whole_ world, etc. + +## Used before Noun + +### Structure + +Simply put 全 in front of the noun you want to emphasize "the whole" of. You cannot use it with 的. Pay attention to the types of nouns you can use with 全, since it is usually paired up with 身 (body), 家 (family), 国 (country), 世界 (world), 天 (day) and the like. + +全 + Noun + 都 + Predicate + +The [predicate](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Predicate) part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective. + +### Examples + +- 我们 _全_ 家 _都_ 去 过 北京 。 + + - Our entire family has been to Beijing. +- _全_ 公司 的 人 _都_ 不 喜欢 新 老板 。 + + - The whole company doesn't like the new boss. +- 运动 完 以后 我 _全_ 身 _都_ 是 汗 。 + + - My whole body was sweaty after I finished exercising. +- _全_ 校 _都_ 放假 了 。 + + - The whole school is on break. +- 这个 地方 _全_ 年 _都_ 很 热 。 + + - This place is hot all year round. + +## Used before Predicate + +### Affirmative Form + +Before a verb 全 can be omitted, but if it is used, the purpose is to emphasize the idea of "all" or "entire." + +#### Structure + +Subj. + 全都 + Predicate + +#### Examples + +- 大家 _全_ _都_ 到 了。 + + - Everybody has arrived. +- 奶奶 的 头发 _全_ _都_ 白 了。 + + - All of grandma's hair has turned white. +- 我 妈妈 做 的 菜 _全_ _都_ 好吃 。 + + - All of the food that my mother makes is tasty. +- 作业 _全_ _都_ 做 完 了 吗 ？ + + - Have you finished all your homework? +- 你 _全_ _都_ 拿 走 吧。 + + - Take them all. + +### Negative Form: Total Negation + +#### Structure + +When you negate 全都 with 不 or 没 _after_ it, you're not just saying "not entirely," you're saying "_none of it_" or "_not at all_." + +Subj. + 全都 + 不 / 没 + Predicate + +#### Examples + +- 他们 _全_ _都_ 没 去 。 + + - None of them went. +- 这个 周末 我们 _全_ _都_ 不 在 家 。 + + - None of us will be home this weekend. +- 你们 _全_ _都_ 不 怕 吗 ？ + + - Are none of you afraid? +- 这些 菜 _全_ _都_ 没 熟 。 + + - None of these dishes is fully cooked. +- 他 的 话 我 _全_ _都_ 不 相信 。 + + - I don't believe anything he says. + +### Negative Pattern: Partial Negation + +#### Structure + +When you negate by putting 不 or 没 _before_ 全都, you're only _partially_ negating. In other words, you're communicating "_not all_." + +Subj. + 不 / 没 + 全都 + Predicate + +#### Examples + +- 他 说 得 有 道理 ，但 我 不 _全_ _都_ 同意 。 + + - He has a point, but I don't agree with all of it. +- 菜 太 多 了 ，我们 没 _全_ _都_ 吃完 。 + + - The food was too much. We didn't finish eating it all. +- 昨天 作业 太 多 了 ，我 没 _全_ _都_ 做完 。 + + - I had too much homework yesterday. I didn't finish doing it all. +- 我 的 家人 没 _全_ _都_ 来 参加 我 的 婚礼 。 + + - Not all of my family came to my wedding. +- 你 说 得 太 快 了 ， 我 没 _全_ _都_ 记 下来 。 + + - You spoke too fast. I didn't write down all of what you said. + +## See also + +- [Referring to "all" using "所有"](./所有.md) +- [Expressing "Everyone" with "谁"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22Everyone%22_with_%22shei%22) +- [Expressing "All" with "什么都 "](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22All%22_with_%22shenme_dou%22) +- [Expressing "Every" with "每" and "都"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22Every%22_with_%22mei%22_and_%22dou%22) +- [Emphasizing quantity with "都"](../A2/都.md) + +## Sources and further reading + +### Books + +- [现代汉语八百词](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D) (pp. 457) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,) diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/B1/所有.md b/docs/allsetlearning/B1/所有.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f76de94 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/B1/所有.md @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +# Expressing "all" with "所有" + + + +- 你 买 了 她 _所有 的_ 书 ？ + + - You've bought all her books? +- 我 喜欢 _所有_ 我 妈妈 做 的 菜 。 + + - I like all the food my mom cooks. +- 他 记得 _所有_ 朋友 的 生日 。 + + - He remembers all of his friends' birthdays. +- 我 的 孩子 看 过 _所有_ 的 迪斯尼 动画片 。 + + - My child has seen all of the Disney animated films. +- _所有_ 人 **都** 走 了 吗 ？ + + - Did all the people leave? +- _所有 的_ 学校 **都** 放假 了。 + + - All the schools are out for the holiday. +- 我们 学校 _所有 的_ 老师 **都** 会 说 英文 。 + + - All the teachers in our school can speak English. +- 我们 公司 _所有_ 人 **都** 参加 了 这个 会议 。 + + - All people in our company attended this meeting. +- 不是 _所有 的_ 美国 人 **都** 爱 喝 咖啡 。 + + - Not all Americans like drinking coffee. +- 不是 _所有_ 问题 **都** 能 用 钱 来 解决 。 + + - Not all problems can be solved with money. +- 不是 _所有_ 朋友 **都** 愿意 帮 他 。 + + - Not all of his friends are willing to help him. +- 不是 _所有 的_ 公司 **都** 给 员工 提供 培训 。 + + - Not all companies provide their employees with training. + + + + + +- Level: [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points) +- Similar to + - [Emphasizing quantity with "都"](../A2/都.md) (A2) + - [Expressing "everything" with "什么都"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22everything%22_with_%22shenme_dou%22) (A2) + - [Expressing "double negation"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22double_negation%22) (B1) + - [Expressing "every time" with "每" and "都"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22every_time%22_with_%22mei%22_and_%22dou%22) (B1) + - [Expressing "every" with question words](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22every%22_with_question_words) (B1) + - [Expressing "less than" with "不到"](./不到.md) (B1) + - [Indicating the whole with "全"](./全.md) (B1) + - [Expressing "any" with "任何"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22any%22_with_%22renhe%22) (B2) + - [Expressing "no exception" with "一律"](../C1/adverbs/一律.md) (C1) +- Used for: [Expressing quantity](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_quantity) +- Keywords: [所有](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89) + + + +You can use 所有 (suǒyǒu) to say "all of" something. It's what you use to say phrases like "all the money in the world" or "all of my friends." + +## Basic Pattern + +### Structure + +This pattern is used to refer to "all" of a noun, with the quantity of said noun usually being fairly large. You may notice that the 的 after 所有 is occasionally omitted. + +所有 (+ 的) + Noun + +### Examples + +- 你 买 了 她 _所有 的_ 书 ？ + + - You've bought all her books? +- 我 喜欢 _所有_ 我 妈妈 做 的 菜 。 + + - I like all the food my mom cooks. +- 他 记得 _所有_ 朋友 的 生日 。 + + - He remembers all of his friends' birthdays. +- 我 的 孩子 看 过 _所有_ 的 迪斯尼 动画片 。 + + - My child has seen all of the Disney animated films. + +## Full Sentence Pattern + +When you make 所有 part of the subject, you're typically going to need 都 before the predicate. + +### Structure + +所有 (+ 的) + Noun + 都 + Predicate + +The [predicate](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Predicate) part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective. + +### Examples + +- _所有_ 人 **都** 走 了 吗 ？ + + - Did all the people leave? +- _所有 的_ 学校 **都** 放假 了。 + + - All the schools are out for the holiday. +- 我们 学校 _所有 的_ 老师 **都** 会 说 英文 。 + + - All the teachers in our school can speak English. +- 我们 公司 _所有_ 人 **都** 参加 了 这个 会议 。 + + - All people in our company attended this meeting. + +## "Not All" with 不是所有的 + +Take note that you use 不是 rather than just 不 to negate 所有. + +### Structure + +不是 + 所有 (+ 的) + Noun + 都 + Predicate + +### Examples + +- 不是 _所有 的_ 美国 人 **都** 爱 喝 咖啡 。 + + - Not all Americans like drinking coffee. +- 不是 _所有_ 问题 **都** 能 用 钱 来 解决 。 + + - Not all problems can be solved with money. +- 不是 _所有_ 朋友 **都** 愿意 帮 他 。 + + - Not all of his friends are willing to help him. +- 不是 _所有 的_ 公司 **都** 给 员工 提供 培训 。 + + - Not all companies provide their employees with training. + +## See also + +- [Expressing "Everyone" with "谁"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22Everyone%22_with_%22shei%22) +- [Expressing "All" with "什么都"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22All%22_with_%22shenme_dou%22) +- [Expressing "Every" with "每" and "都"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22Every%22_with_%22mei%22_and_%22dou%22) +- [Indicating the whole with "全"](./全.md) + +## Sources and further reading + +### Books + +- [Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Modern_Mandarin_Chinese_Grammar:_A_Practical_Guide) (pp. 283) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [Contemporary Chinese 4 (当代中文4) ]() (pp. 181) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) + +### Websites + +- Chinesegrammar.info: [Chinese grammar 所 (suǒ) structural particle](http://chinesegrammar.info/particles/suo-structural-particle/) diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/C1/adverbs/一律.md b/docs/allsetlearning/C1/adverbs/一律.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8bdbec2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/C1/adverbs/一律.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +# Expressing "no exception" with "一律" + + + +- 明天 的 部门 会议 _一律_ **都** 要 参加 。 + - Everyone needs to attend tomorrow's department meeting. +- 70岁 以上 的 老人 坐公交 _一律_ **都** 免费 。 + - Old people above 70 can take the bus free of charge. +- 不管 是 谁 ，_一律_ **都** 要 通过 六个月 试用期 。 + - Everyone needs to pass probation no matter who you are. +- 不需要 的 东西 _一律_ 捐掉 。 + - Please donate things that are no longer needed. +- 政府 命令 重污染 企业 _一律_ 停业 。 +- 从 明年 一月 起 酒后驾车 _一律_ 重罚 。 +- 这些 刚刚 过期 的 食物 _一律_ **都** 半价 。 + - Those food that just expired are sold at half price. +- 这里 的 家具 _一律_ 新的 。 + - These furnitures here are all brand new. + + + + + +- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points) +- Similar to +- Used for: [Expressing attitude](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_attitude), [Emphasizing](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Emphasizing), [Expressing quantity](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_quantity) +- Keywords: [都](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E9%83%BD), [一律](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%80%E5%BE%8B) + + + +"一律"表示适用于全体，没有例外。这个词比较书面语。。"一律"虽然修饰的是后面的谓语，但其实针对的是前面的对象。多用于修饰人。 + +## Structure + +一律 (+ 都) + Verb / Adj. + +"一律"经常和"都"连用，加强语气。 + +## Examples + +- 明天 的 部门 会议 _一律_ **都** 要 参加 。 + - Everyone needs to attend tomorrow's department meeting. +- 70岁 以上 的 老人 坐公交 _一律_ **都** 免费 。 + - Old people above 70 can take the bus free of charge. +- 不管 是 谁 ，_一律_ **都** 要 通过 六个月 试用期 。 + - Everyone needs to pass probation no matter who you are. +- 不需要 的 东西 _一律_ 捐掉 。 + - Please donate things that are no longer needed. +- 政府 命令 重污染 企业 _一律_ 停业 。 +- 从 明年 一月 起 酒后驾车 _一律_ 重罚 。 + +--- + +有时候"一律"也可以修饰名词性成分，这时可以理解为句中包含的动词被省略了。 + +- 这些 刚刚 过期 的 食物 _一律_ **都** 半价 。 + - Those food that just expired are sold at half price. +- 这里 的 家具 _一律_ 新的 。 + - These furnitures here are all brand new. + +## See also + +- [Expressing "all" with "所有"](../../B1/所有.md) +- [Emphasizing quantity with "都"](../../A2/都.md) +- [Indicating the whole with "全"](../../B1/全.md) diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/C1/index.md b/docs/allsetlearning/C1/index.md index 3d62e69..8a58c28 100644 --- a/docs/allsetlearning/C1/index.md +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/C1/index.md @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech categor | [Expressing "as if" with "似乎"](./adverbs/似乎.md) | Subj. + 似乎 ⋯⋯ | 你 说 得 _似乎_ 很 有道理 。 | | [Expressing "contrary to expectations" with "偏偏"](./adverbs/偏偏.md) | A ,Subject + 偏偏 + B | 不 叫 他 去，他 _偏偏_ 要 去。 | | [Expressing "even so" with "再不... 也..."](./adverbs/再不.md) | 再不…… 也…… | _再 不_ 走，我 _也_ 。 | -| [Expressing "no exception" with "一律"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGC8A38) | 一律 + Predicate | 明天 的 部门 会议 _一律_ **都** 要 参加 。 | +| [Expressing "no exception" with "一律"](./adverbs/一律.md) | 一律 + Predicate | 明天 的 部门 会议 _一律_ **都** 要 参加 。 | | [Expressing "nothing but" with "无非"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGW0911) | 无非 + 是 + Verb / Noun | 我 _无非_ 是 想 要 一 台 电脑 ！ | | [Expressing the unexpected with "竟然"](./adverbs/竟然.md) | Subj. + 竟然 ⋯⋯ | 我们 要 出发 的 时候，他 _竟然_ 说 不 去 了 。 | | [Expressing "when the time comes" with "到时候"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGMDJTD) | A, 到时候 + B | 现在 不 好好 准备 考试，_到时候_ 又 要 后悔 了。 |