polv/zh-grammar
1
0 Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Projects Releases Wiki Activity

add points

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
polv committed 2026-04-05 08:47:50 +07:00
1 parent 0da6fde777
commit 29c49c3134
11 files changed
+1075 -1
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

No files matched your search

docs/allsetlearning/B1/先...再.md
+132
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
# Sequencing with "先" and "再"
<SentenceQuiz>
- _先_ 洗 手 _再_ 吃。
<!-- - _Xiān_ xǐ shǒu _zài_ chī. -->
- Wash your hands first, and then eat.
- 我 喜欢 _先_ 洗澡 ，_再_ 睡觉 。
<!-- - Wǒ xǐhuan _xiān_ xǐzǎo, _zài_ shuìjiào. -->
- I prefer to take a bath first and then go to bed.
- 请 你 _先_ 买 票 _再_ 进去。
<!-- - Qǐng nǐ _xiān_ mǎi piào _zài_ jìnqù. -->
- Please buy a ticket first and then enter.
- 你 要 _先_ 做 作业 ，_再_ 看 电视。
<!-- - Nǐ yào _xiān_ zuò zuòyè, _zài_ kàn diànshì. -->
- You need to do your homework first, and then watch TV.
- 我 想 _先_ 找 工作 ，_再_ 搬家 。
<!-- - Wǒ xiǎng _xiān_ zhǎo gōngzuò, _zài_ bānjiā. -->
- I want to find a job first, and then move.
- _先_ 吃饭 _再 说_ 。
<!-- - _Xiān_ chīfàn _zài shuō_. -->
- Let's eat first, then we'll talk.
- _先_ 休息 一下 _再说_ 。
<!-- - _Xiān_ xiūxi yīxià _zàishuō_. -->
- Let's rest a little first, then we'll see.
- 你 _先_ 看 完 _再说_ 。
<!-- - Nǐ _xiān_ kàn wán _zàishuō_. -->
- Finish reading first, and then we'll see.
- 我 _先_ 问 一下 老板 _再说_ 。
<!-- - Wǒ _xiān_ wèn yīxià lǎobǎn _zàishuō_. -->
- I'm going to ask the boss first before doing anything else.
- 你们 _先_ 讨论 一下 _再说_ 。
<!-- - Nǐmen _xiān_ tǎolùn yīxià _zàishuō_. -->
- You guys discuss a little first, then we'll figure out what to do next.
- 今天 早上 我 起床 以后 _先_ 准备 早饭 ，_再_ 叫 孩子们 起床 ，**接着** 我们 一起 吃早饭 ，_然后_ 我 送 他们 去 学校 。
<!-- - Jīntiān zǎoshang wǒ qǐchuáng yǐhòu _xiān_ zhǔnbèi zǎofàn, _zài_ jiào háizi men qǐchuáng, **jiēzhe** wǒmen yīqǐ chī zǎofàn, _ránhòu_ wǒ sòng tāmen qù xuéxiào. -->
- After I got up this morning, I first prepared breakfast, and then I woke up the kids. Next, we ate breakfast together. After that, I took them to school.
</SentenceQuiz>
<TOC>
- Level: [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK3](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK3_grammar_points) and [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points)
- Similar to
- [Expressing "again" in the future with "再"](./再.md) (B1)
- [Expressing "again" in the past with "又"](./又.md) (B1)
- [Comparing "再" and "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Comparing_%22zai%22_and_%22you%22) (B2)
- [Expressing "never again" with "再也不"](../B2/再也不.md) (B2)
- Used for: [Sequencing events in time](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Sequencing_events_in_time), [Expressing order](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_order), [Listing](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Listing)
- Keywords: [再](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%86%8D), [先](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%85%88), [然后](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%84%B6%E5%90%8E)
</TOC>
The word [再 (zài)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%86%8D) actually has a lot of uses, beyond just ["again"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Again_in_the_future_with_%22zai%22), and in this pattern it means something like "and then." 先⋯⋯，再⋯⋯ (xiān..., zài...) is a pattern used for sequencing events, much like "first..., then..." in English. This pattern can also include 然后 (ránhòu), meaning "and after that."
## Basic Usage
In the pattern below, 先 means "first" and 再 has a meaning of "then" or "and then."
### Structure
先 ⋯⋯ ，再 ⋯⋯
### Examples
- _先_ 洗 手 _再_ 吃。
<!-- - _Xiān_ xǐ shǒu _zài_ chī. -->
- Wash your hands first, and then eat.
- 我 喜欢 _先_ 洗澡 ，_再_ 睡觉 。
<!-- - Wǒ xǐhuan _xiān_ xǐzǎo, _zài_ shuìjiào. -->
- I prefer to take a bath first and then go to bed.
- 请 你 _先_ 买 票 _再_ 进去。
<!-- - Qǐng nǐ _xiān_ mǎi piào _zài_ jìnqù. -->
- Please buy a ticket first and then enter.
- 你 要 _先_ 做 作业 ，_再_ 看 电视。
<!-- - Nǐ yào _xiān_ zuò zuòyè, _zài_ kàn diànshì. -->
- You need to do your homework first, and then watch TV.
- 我 想 _先_ 找 工作 ，_再_ 搬家 。
<!-- - Wǒ xiǎng _xiān_ zhǎo gōngzuò, _zài_ bānjiā. -->
- I want to find a job first, and then move.
## Colloquial Usage with 再说
You may have learned that [再说 can mean "in addition"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22In_addition%22_with_%22zaishuo%22). Well, the usage of 再 here is a more literal combination of 再说, fitting into the 先⋯⋯再⋯⋯ pattern.
So in this usage, 再说 doesn't really mean "in addition." Rather, it most literally means, "and then we'll talk." In other words, "let's just do this now," and then after we see the result, we can talk some more about next steps. There's a "let's see how this goes first" feeling to the expression.
### Structure
Note that in the pattern below, the sentence normally ends with 再说.
先 + [Verb Phrase] + 再说
### Examples
The 再说 part in the following sentences can be a little tricky to translate into English.
- _先_ 吃饭 _再 说_ 。
<!-- - _Xiān_ chīfàn _zài shuō_. -->
- Let's eat first, then we'll talk.
- _先_ 休息 一下 _再说_ 。
<!-- - _Xiān_ xiūxi yīxià _zàishuō_. -->
- Let's rest a little first, then we'll see.
- 你 _先_ 看 完 _再说_ 。
<!-- - Nǐ _xiān_ kàn wán _zàishuō_. -->
- Finish reading first, and then we'll see.
- 我 _先_ 问 一下 老板 _再说_ 。
<!-- - Wǒ _xiān_ wèn yīxià lǎobǎn _zàishuō_. -->
- I'm going to ask the boss first before doing anything else.
- 你们 _先_ 讨论 一下 _再说_ 。
<!-- - Nǐmen _xiān_ tǎolùn yīxià _zàishuō_. -->
- You guys discuss a little first, then we'll figure out what to do next.
## "and then..." with 接着
When describing a series of actions, steps, or consecutive events, your Chinese will sound more natural if you can diversify your conjunctions. [然后](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%84%B6%E5%90%8E) (ránhòu) is most commonly used, a conjunction which means "[and then](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/And_then)." Alternatively, you can use 接着 (jīezhe), as a conjunction that means "next," or "afterwards."
A longer example to help you understand how they can all work together:
- 今天 早上 我 起床 以后 _先_ 准备 早饭 ，_再_ 叫 孩子们 起床 ，**接着** 我们 一起 吃早饭 ，_然后_ 我 送 他们 去 学校 。
<!-- - Jīntiān zǎoshang wǒ qǐchuáng yǐhòu _xiān_ zhǔnbèi zǎofàn, _zài_ jiào háizi men qǐchuáng, **jiēzhe** wǒmen yīqǐ chī zǎofàn, _ránhòu_ wǒ sòng tāmen qù xuéxiào. -->
- After I got up this morning, I first prepared breakfast, and then I woke up the kids. Next, we ate breakfast together. After that, I took them to school.
## Sources and further reading
### Books
- [HSK Standard Course 3](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_3) (pp. 119) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [HSK Standard Course 4下](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8B) (pp. 105) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_1_(3rd_ed)>) (pp. 258-9) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_2) (pp. 19-20) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [卓越汉语－公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 172) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
docs/allsetlearning/B1/再.md
+175
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
# Expressing "again" in the future with "再"
<SentenceQuiz>
- 我们 明年 _再_ 来 。
<!-- - Wǒmen míngnián _zài_ lái. -->
- We'll come again next year.
- _再_ 试 一下 。
<!-- - _Zài_ shì yīxià. -->
- Try it again.
- 你 可以 _再_ 说 一 遍 吗 ？
<!-- - Nǐ kěyǐ _zài_ shuō yī biàn ma? -->
- Can you please say it again?
- 这 本 书 我 要 _再_ 看 一 遍 。
<!-- - Zhè běn shū wǒ yào _zài_ kàn yī biàn. -->
- I want to read this book again.
- 你 应该 _再_ 复习 一 遍 。
<!-- - Nǐ yīnggāi _zài_ fùxí yī biàn. -->
- You should review it again.
- _再_ 吃 **一点** 。
<!-- - _Zài_ chī **yīdiǎn**. -->
- Eat some more.
- _再_ 点 **几个 菜** 吧 。
<!-- - _Zài_ diǎn **jǐ gè cài** ba. -->
- Let's order some more dishes.
- 服务员 ，_再_ 来 **两 瓶 啤酒** 。
<!-- - Fúwùyuán, _zài_ lái **liǎng píng píjiǔ**. -->
- Waiter, two more bottles of beer, please.
- _再_ 给 我 **三天 时间** 。
<!-- - _Zài_ gěi wǒ **sān tiān shíjiān**. -->
- Give me another three days.
- 我 能 不 能 _再_ 拿 **两 个** ？
<!-- - Wǒ néng bu néng _zài_ ná **liǎng gè**? -->
- Can I take two more?
- _再_ 找找 。
<!-- - _Zài_ zhǎozhao. -->
- Keep looking.
- 你 _再_ 问问 。
<!-- - Nǐ _zài_ wènwen. -->
- Keep asking.
- 别 急 ，_再_ 想想 。
<!-- - Bié jí, _zài_ xiǎngxiang. -->
- Don't worry. Keep thinking.
- _再_ 聊 一会儿 。
<!-- - _Zài_ liáo yīhuǐr. -->
- Keep talking for a little bit.
- _再_ 等 一会儿 。
<!-- - _Zài_ děng yīhuǐr. -->
- Wait a little longer.
</SentenceQuiz>
<TOC>
- Level： [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK2_grammar_points)
- Similar to
- [Expressing "again" in the past with "又"](./又.md) (B1)
- [Expressing "the other" with "另外"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22the_other%22_with_%22lingwai%22) (B1)
- [Sequencing with "先" and "再"](./先...再.md) (B1)
- [Comparing "再" and "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Comparing_%22zai%22_and_%22you%22) (B2)
- [Expressing "never again" with "再也不"](../B2/再也不.md) (B2)
- [Expressing "over and over again" with "再三"](../B2/再三.md) (B2)
- [Expressing a last chance with "再不... 就..."](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_a_last_chance_with_%22zaibu..._jiu...%22) (B2)
- [Expressing "even so" with "再不... 也..."](../C1/adverbs/再不.md) (C1)
- Used for: [Expressing time and date](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_time_and_date)
- Keywords: [再](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%86%8D)
</TOC>
While 又 (yòu) is used for ["again" in the past](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Again_in_the_past_with_%22you%22), 再 (zài) is used for "again" in the future. That is, 再 is used when something has happened once and it _will_ happen again.
## Used as "Again"
Remember this is the _future_ "again."
### Structure
Subj. + 再 + [Verb Phrase]
### Examples
- 我们 明年 _再_ 来 。
<!-- - Wǒmen míngnián _zài_ lái. -->
- We'll come again next year.
- _再_ 试 一下 。
<!-- - _Zài_ shì yīxià. -->
- Try it again.
- 你 可以 _再_ 说 一 遍 吗 ？
<!-- - Nǐ kěyǐ _zài_ shuō yī biàn ma? -->
- Can you please say it again?
- 这 本 书 我 要 _再_ 看 一 遍 。
<!-- - Zhè běn shū wǒ yào _zài_ kàn yī biàn. -->
- I want to read this book again.
- 你 应该 _再_ 复习 一 遍 。
<!-- - Nǐ yīnggāi _zài_ fùxí yī biàn. -->
- You should review it again.
In fact, this structure is present in one of the most common Chinese phrases: "再见!" In this case, it literally means "see you again."
## Used as "Another" or "Some More"
The English word "another" is often avoided altogether by using 再.
### Structure
Subj. + 再 + Verb + Obj.
In this case, the object includes a quantity phrase.
### Examples
- _再_ 吃 **一点** 。
<!-- - _Zài_ chī **yīdiǎn**. -->
- Eat some more.
- _再_ 点 **几个 菜** 吧 。
<!-- - _Zài_ diǎn **jǐ gè cài** ba. -->
- Let's order some more dishes.
- 服务员 ，_再_ 来 **两 瓶 啤酒** 。
<!-- - Fúwùyuán, _zài_ lái **liǎng píng píjiǔ**. -->
- Waiter, two more bottles of beer, please.
- _再_ 给 我 **三天 时间** 。
<!-- - _Zài_ gěi wǒ **sān tiān shíjiān**. -->
- Give me another three days.
- 我 能 不 能 _再_ 拿 **两 个** ？
<!-- - Wǒ néng bu néng _zài_ ná **liǎng gè**? -->
- Can I take two more?
## Used for Continuous Action
Here 再 is similar to the English "for a while longer" or "keep [going/doing]."
### Structure
Subj. + 再 + Verb + Verb
### Examples
- _再_ 找找 。
<!-- - _Zài_ zhǎozhao. -->
- Keep looking.
- 你 _再_ 问问 。
<!-- - Nǐ _zài_ wènwen. -->
- Keep asking.
- 别 急 ，_再_ 想想 。
<!-- - Bié jí, _zài_ xiǎngxiang. -->
- Don't worry. Keep thinking.
You can also add 一会儿 after the verb to mean "keep doing something a little longer."
- _再_ 聊 一会儿 。
<!-- - _Zài_ liáo yīhuǐr. -->
- Keep talking for a little bit.
- _再_ 等 一会儿 。
<!-- - _Zài_ děng yīhuǐr. -->
- Wait a little longer.
You can use either the "Verb + Verb" pattern or the 一会儿 pattern with 再, but don't use them together.
## See also
- ["Never again" with "再也不](../B2/再也不.md)
- [Sequencing with "先" and "再"](./先...再.md)
- [Expressing "again" in the past with "又"](./又.md)
## Sources and further reading
### Books
- [HSK Standard Course 2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_2) (pp. 60) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1) (pp. 157) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_3_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC3)>) (pp. 202) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
### Websites
- Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: [Using 再 and 又](http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0212.html)
docs/allsetlearning/B1/又.md
+149
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
# Expressing "again" in the past with "又"
<SentenceQuiz>
- _又_ 下雨 **了** ！
<!-- - _Yòu_ xiàyǔ **le**! -->
- It rained again!
- 你 _又_ 迟到 **了** 。
<!-- - Nǐ _yòu_ chídào **le**. -->
- You're late again.
- 宝宝 _又_ 哭 **了** 。
<!-- - Bǎobao _yòu_ kū **le**. -->
- The baby is crying again.
- 我 _又_ 忘 **了** 。
<!-- - Wǒ _yòu_ wàng **le**. -->
- I forgot again.
- 他 _又_ **没** 来 上课 。
<!-- - Tā _yòu_ **méi** lái shàngkè. -->
- He didn't come to class again.
- 你们 _又_ **不** 付钱 ？
<!-- - Nǐmen _yòu_ **bù** fùqián? -->
- You're not paying again?
- 你 _又_ **不** 参加 ？
<!-- - Nǐ _yòu_ **bù** cānjiā? -->
- You are not going to participate again?
- 对不起 ，我 _又_ **没** 带 书 。
<!-- - Duìbuqǐ, wǒ _yòu_ **méi** dài shū. -->
- Sorry, I forgot to bring the book again.
- 今天 _又_ **要** 加班 **了** ！
<!-- - Jīntiān _yòu_ **yào** jiābān **le**! -->
- We've got to work overtime again today!
- 老板 请客 ，_又_ **可以** 吃 大餐 **了** ！
<!-- - Lǎobǎn qǐngkè, _yòu_ **kěyǐ** chī dàcān **le**! -->
- The boss is going to treat us. We can have a big meal again!
- 快 过年 了 ，我们 _又_ **能** 拿 红包 **了** ！
<!-- - Kuài guònián le, wǒmen _yòu_ **néng** ná hóngbāo **le**! -->
- It's almost Chinese New Year. We can get our red packets [of money] again!
</SentenceQuiz>
<TOC>
- Level: [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK3](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK3_grammar_points)
- Similar to
- [Emphasizing negation with "又"](./又不.md) (B1)
- [Expressing "again" in the future with "再"](./再.md) (B1)
- [Comparing "再" and "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Comparing_%22zai%22_and_%22you%22) (B2)
- [Expressing "over and over again" with "再三"](../B2/再三.md) (B2)
- [Repeated actions in the past with "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Repeated_actions_in_the_past_with_%22you%22) (B2)
- Used for: [Referring to the past](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Referring_to_the_past), [Expressing time and date](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_time_and_date)
- Keywords: [了](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BA%86), [又](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8F%88)
</TOC>
Whenever you want to express something that has happened [again](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Again), as in, "oops, I did it _again_!" in Chinese, you generally want to use 又 (yòu). (You'll want to use [再 (zài) for "again" in the future](./再.md).)
## Affirmative Form
### Structure
Normally, 又 is used to express an action that has already happened again for (at least) the second time. It doesn't have to be in quick succession; it happened before, and now it's happened again.
(Subj. +) 又 + Verb + 了
### Examples
- _又_ 下雨 **了** ！
<!-- - _Yòu_ xiàyǔ **le**! -->
- It rained again!
- 你 _又_ 迟到 **了** 。
<!-- - Nǐ _yòu_ chídào **le**. -->
- You're late again.
- 宝宝 _又_ 哭 **了** 。
<!-- - Bǎobao _yòu_ kū **le**. -->
- The baby is crying again.
- 我 _又_ 忘 **了** 。
<!-- - Wǒ _yòu_ wàng **le**. -->
- I forgot again.
## Negative Form
### Structure
(Subj. +) 又 + 不 / 没 + Verb
### Examples
- 他 _又_ **没** 来 上课 。
<!-- - Tā _yòu_ **méi** lái shàngkè. -->
- He didn't come to class again.
- 你们 _又_ **不** 付钱 ？
<!-- - Nǐmen _yòu_ **bù** fùqián? -->
- You're not paying again?
- 你 _又_ **不** 参加 ？
<!-- - Nǐ _yòu_ **bù** cānjiā? -->
- You are not going to participate again?
- 对不起 ，我 _又_ **没** 带 书 。
<!-- - Duìbuqǐ, wǒ _yòu_ **méi** dài shū. -->
- Sorry, I forgot to bring the book again.
## Colloquial Saying 又来了
又来了 fits the above pattern, but is also a little tricky because it expresses something that is still ongoing, and has already started as the speaker is speaking. Literally it means "here it comes again," but it's more accurate to translate it as "there it is again," or "there [he] goes again." It indicates that the speaker is a bit annoyed that it happened _again_.
## Other Usage
When it becomes clear that something is about to happen again, you can also use 又. It's almost as if it has already happened in your mind. In these cases, it's quite common for 又 to be immediately followed by 是 (shì), 要 (yào), 可以 (kěyǐ), or 能 (néng), and you'll notice that there's often a [了, indicating that something is about to happen](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/About_to_happen_with_%22le%22).
Some examples:
- 今天 _又_ **要** 加班 **了** ！
<!-- - Jīntiān _yòu_ **yào** jiābān **le**! -->
- We've got to work overtime again today!
- 老板 请客 ，_又_ **可以** 吃 大餐 **了** ！
<!-- - Lǎobǎn qǐngkè, _yòu_ **kěyǐ** chī dàcān **le**! -->
- The boss is going to treat us. We can have a big meal again!
- 快 过年 了 ，我们 _又_ **能** 拿 红包 **了** ！
<!-- - Kuài guònián le, wǒmen _yòu_ **néng** ná hóngbāo **le**! -->
- It's almost Chinese New Year. We can get our red packets [of money] again!
## See also
- ["Both A and B" with "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22Both_A_and_B%22_with_%22you%22)
- [Comparing "再" and "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Comparing_%22zai%22_and_%22you%22)
- ["Both… and…" with "既...又"](../B2/既...又.md)
- [Advanced use of "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Advanced_use_of_%22you%22)
- [Emphasizing negation with "又"](./又不.md)
- [Expressing "again" in the future with "再"](./再.md)
## Sources and further reading
### Books
- [Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(3rd_ed)>) (pp. 141-2) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1) (pp. 157) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_2) (pp. 288) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_3_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC3)>) (pp. 202) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [现代汉语八百词（增订本）](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D%EF%BC%88%E5%A2%9E%E8%AE%A2%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%89) (pp. 633) [ →buy]
- [现代汉语虚词例释](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D%E4%BE%8B%E9%87%8A) (pp. 588) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
### Dictionaries
- [现代汉语八百词（增订本）](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D%EF%BC%88%E5%A2%9E%E8%AE%A2%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%89) (pp. 633) [ →buy]
- [现代汉语虚词例释](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D%E4%BE%8B%E9%87%8A) (pp. 588) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
- [现代汉语词典（第5版）](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC5%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89) (pp. 1656) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
### Websites
- Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: [Using 再 and 又](http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0212.html)
docs/allsetlearning/B1/又不.md
+94
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
# Emphasizing negation with "又"
<SentenceQuiz>
- 问 我 干吗 ？我 _又_ **不** 知道 。
<!-- - Wèn wǒ gànmá? Wǒ _yòu_ **bù** zhīdào. Why ask me? -->
- I definitely don't know.
- 这些 菜 _又_ **没** 坏 ，为什么 要 扔 ？
<!-- - Zhèxiē cài _yòu_ **méi** huài, wèishénme yào rēng? -->
- These dishes haven't gone bad. Why would you throw them away?
- 不要 生气 ，我 _又_ **不** 是 故意 的 。
<!-- - Bùyào shēngqì, wǒ _yòu_ **bù** shì gùyì de. -->
- Don't be mad. It really wasn't on purpose.
- 今天 _又_ **不** 热 ，开 空调 干吗 ？
<!-- - Jīntiān _yòu_ **bù** rè, kāi kōngtiáo gànmá? -->
- It's not hot today. Why turn on the air conditioner?
- 明天 _又_ **不** 上班 ，那么 早 起床 干吗 ？
<!-- - Míngtiān _yòu_ **bù** shàngbān, nàme zǎo qǐchuáng gànmá? -->
- You don't work tomorrow. Why get up so early?
- 你 现在 _又_ **不** 忙 ，来 帮 我 一下 。
<!-- - Nǐ xiànzài _yòu_ **bù** máng, lái bāng wǒ yīxià. -->
- You're not busy now. Come and help me.
- 我 _又_ **没** 吃 过 ，怎么 知道 好 不 好吃 ？
<!-- - Wǒ _yòu_ **méi** chī guo, zěnme zhīdào hǎo bu hǎochī? -->
- I haven't eaten it. How would I know if it is tasty or not?
- 孩子 _又_ **没** 做错 ，打 他 干吗 ？
<!-- - Háizi _yòu_ **méi** zuò cuò, dǎ tā gànmá? -->
- The child didn't do anything wrong. Why are you spanking him?
- _又_ **没** 下 雨 ，带 伞 干吗 ？
<!-- - _Yòu_ **méi** xiàyǔ, dài sǎn gànmá? -->
- It's not raining. Why are you bringing the umbrella?
- _又_ **不** 关 你 的 事 ，问 那么 多 干 吗？
<!-- - _Yòu_ **bù** guān nǐ de shì, wèn nàme duō gànmá? -->
- It's none of your business. Why all the questions?
</SentenceQuiz>
<TOC>
- Level: [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points)
- Similar to
- [Expressing "again" in the past with "又"](./又.md) (B1)
- [Emphasizing a negation with "并"](../B2/并不.md) (B2)
- [Repeated actions in the past with "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Repeated_actions_in_the_past_with_%22you%22) (B2)
- Used for: [Expressing attitude](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_attitude), [Emphasizing](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Emphasizing)
- Keywords: [又](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8F%88)
</TOC>
You already know that [不](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8D) (bù) and [没](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%B2%A1) (méi) can be used for negation. But you can also use the word 又 (yòu) to emphasize negation, giving your negative sentence a little kick!
## Structure
In this structure, 又 is used to emphasize that something "_didn't_ happen," "_is not_" the case, or "_will not_ happen." It's most often used with [不](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8D) and [没](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%B2%A1). This grammar structure is often used in an accusatory context, and when used with other expressions like 干吗 (gànmá) can show annoyance.
又 + 不 / 没 + Predicate
## Examples
- 问 我 干吗 ？我 _又_ **不** 知道 。
<!-- - Wèn wǒ gànmá? Wǒ _yòu_ **bù** zhīdào. Why ask me? -->
- I definitely don't know.
- 这些 菜 _又_ **没** 坏 ，为什么 要 扔 ？
<!-- - Zhèxiē cài _yòu_ **méi** huài, wèishénme yào rēng? -->
- These dishes haven't gone bad. Why would you throw them away?
- 不要 生气 ，我 _又_ **不** 是 故意 的 。
<!-- - Bùyào shēngqì, wǒ _yòu_ **bù** shì gùyì de. -->
- Don't be mad. It really wasn't on purpose.
- 今天 _又_ **不** 热 ，开 空调 干吗 ？
<!-- - Jīntiān _yòu_ **bù** rè, kāi kōngtiáo gànmá? -->
- It's not hot today. Why turn on the air conditioner?
- 明天 _又_ **不** 上班 ，那么 早 起床 干吗 ？
<!-- - Míngtiān _yòu_ **bù** shàngbān, nàme zǎo qǐchuáng gànmá? -->
- You don't work tomorrow. Why get up so early?
- 你 现在 _又_ **不** 忙 ，来 帮 我 一下 。
<!-- - Nǐ xiànzài _yòu_ **bù** máng, lái bāng wǒ yīxià. -->
- You're not busy now. Come and help me.
- 我 _又_ **没** 吃 过 ，怎么 知道 好 不 好吃 ？
<!-- - Wǒ _yòu_ **méi** chī guo, zěnme zhīdào hǎo bu hǎochī? -->
- I haven't eaten it. How would I know if it is tasty or not?
- 孩子 _又_ **没** 做错 ，打 他 干吗 ？
<!-- - Háizi _yòu_ **méi** zuò cuò, dǎ tā gànmá? -->
- The child didn't do anything wrong. Why are you spanking him?
- _又_ **没** 下 雨 ，带 伞 干吗 ？
<!-- - _Yòu_ **méi** xiàyǔ, dài sǎn gànmá? -->
- It's not raining. Why are you bringing the umbrella?
- _又_ **不** 关 你 的 事 ，问 那么 多 干 吗？
<!-- - _Yòu_ **bù** guān nǐ de shì, wèn nàme duō gànmá? -->
- It's none of your business. Why all the questions?
## See also
- [Emphasis with "就"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Emphasis_with_%22jiu%22)
- [Emphasizing a negation with "并"](../B2/并不.md)