diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/B1/先...再.md b/docs/allsetlearning/B1/先...再.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eb98f81 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/B1/先...再.md @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +# Sequencing with "先" and "再" + + + +- _先_ 洗 手 _再_ 吃。 + + - Wash your hands first, and then eat. +- 我 喜欢 _先_ 洗澡 ,_再_ 睡觉 。 + + - I prefer to take a bath first and then go to bed. +- 请 你 _先_ 买 票 _再_ 进去。 + + - Please buy a ticket first and then enter. +- 你 要 _先_ 做 作业 ,_再_ 看 电视。 + + - You need to do your homework first, and then watch TV. +- 我 想 _先_ 找 工作 ,_再_ 搬家 。 + + - I want to find a job first, and then move. +- _先_ 吃饭 _再 说_ 。 + + - Let's eat first, then we'll talk. +- _先_ 休息 一下 _再说_ 。 + + - Let's rest a little first, then we'll see. +- 你 _先_ 看 完 _再说_ 。 + + - Finish reading first, and then we'll see. +- 我 _先_ 问 一下 老板 _再说_ 。 + + - I'm going to ask the boss first before doing anything else. +- 你们 _先_ 讨论 一下 _再说_ 。 + + - You guys discuss a little first, then we'll figure out what to do next. +- 今天 早上 我 起床 以后 _先_ 准备 早饭 ,_再_ 叫 孩子们 起床 ,**接着** 我们 一起 吃早饭 ,_然后_ 我 送 他们 去 学校 。 + + - After I got up this morning, I first prepared breakfast, and then I woke up the kids. Next, we ate breakfast together. After that, I took them to school. + + + + + +- Level: [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK3](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK3_grammar_points) and [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points) +- Similar to + - [Expressing "again" in the future with "再"](./再.md) (B1) + - [Expressing "again" in the past with "又"](./又.md) (B1) + - [Comparing "再" and "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Comparing_%22zai%22_and_%22you%22) (B2) + - [Expressing "never again" with "再也不"](../B2/再也不.md) (B2) +- Used for: [Sequencing events in time](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Sequencing_events_in_time), [Expressing order](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_order), [Listing](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Listing) +- Keywords: [再](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%86%8D), [先](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%85%88), [然后](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%84%B6%E5%90%8E) + + + +The word [再 (zài)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%86%8D) actually has a lot of uses, beyond just ["again"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Again_in_the_future_with_%22zai%22), and in this pattern it means something like "and then." 先⋯⋯,再⋯⋯ (xiān..., zài...) is a pattern used for sequencing events, much like "first..., then..." in English. This pattern can also include 然后 (ránhòu), meaning "and after that." + +## Basic Usage + +In the pattern below, 先 means "first" and 再 has a meaning of "then" or "and then." + +### Structure + +先 ⋯⋯ ,再 ⋯⋯ + +### Examples + +- _先_ 洗 手 _再_ 吃。 + + - Wash your hands first, and then eat. +- 我 喜欢 _先_ 洗澡 ,_再_ 睡觉 。 + + - I prefer to take a bath first and then go to bed. +- 请 你 _先_ 买 票 _再_ 进去。 + + - Please buy a ticket first and then enter. +- 你 要 _先_ 做 作业 ,_再_ 看 电视。 + + - You need to do your homework first, and then watch TV. +- 我 想 _先_ 找 工作 ,_再_ 搬家 。 + + - I want to find a job first, and then move. + +## Colloquial Usage with 再说 + +You may have learned that [再说 can mean "in addition"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22In_addition%22_with_%22zaishuo%22). Well, the usage of 再 here is a more literal combination of 再说, fitting into the 先⋯⋯再⋯⋯ pattern. + +So in this usage, 再说 doesn't really mean "in addition." Rather, it most literally means, "and then we'll talk." In other words, "let's just do this now," and then after we see the result, we can talk some more about next steps. There's a "let's see how this goes first" feeling to the expression. + +### Structure + +Note that in the pattern below, the sentence normally ends with 再说. + +先 + [Verb Phrase] + 再说 + +### Examples + +The 再说 part in the following sentences can be a little tricky to translate into English. + +- _先_ 吃饭 _再 说_ 。 + + - Let's eat first, then we'll talk. +- _先_ 休息 一下 _再说_ 。 + + - Let's rest a little first, then we'll see. +- 你 _先_ 看 完 _再说_ 。 + + - Finish reading first, and then we'll see. +- 我 _先_ 问 一下 老板 _再说_ 。 + + - I'm going to ask the boss first before doing anything else. +- 你们 _先_ 讨论 一下 _再说_ 。 + + - You guys discuss a little first, then we'll figure out what to do next. + +## "and then..." with 接着 + +When describing a series of actions, steps, or consecutive events, your Chinese will sound more natural if you can diversify your conjunctions. [然后](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%84%B6%E5%90%8E) (ránhòu) is most commonly used, a conjunction which means "[and then](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/And_then)." Alternatively, you can use 接着 (jīezhe), as a conjunction that means "next," or "afterwards." + +A longer example to help you understand how they can all work together: + +- 今天 早上 我 起床 以后 _先_ 准备 早饭 ,_再_ 叫 孩子们 起床 ,**接着** 我们 一起 吃早饭 ,_然后_ 我 送 他们 去 学校 。 + + - After I got up this morning, I first prepared breakfast, and then I woke up the kids. Next, we ate breakfast together. After that, I took them to school. + +## Sources and further reading + +### Books + +- [HSK Standard Course 3](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_3) (pp. 119) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [HSK Standard Course 4下](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8B) (pp. 105) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)]() (pp. 258-9) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_2) (pp. 19-20) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [卓越汉语-公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 172) [卓越汉语-公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,) diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/B1/再.md b/docs/allsetlearning/B1/再.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de83700 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/B1/再.md @@ -0,0 +1,175 @@ +# Expressing "again" in the future with "再" + + + +- 我们 明年 _再_ 来 。 + + - We'll come again next year. +- _再_ 试 一下 。 + + - Try it again. +- 你 可以 _再_ 说 一 遍 吗 ? + + - Can you please say it again? +- 这 本 书 我 要 _再_ 看 一 遍 。 + + - I want to read this book again. +- 你 应该 _再_ 复习 一 遍 。 + + - You should review it again. +- _再_ 吃 **一点** 。 + + - Eat some more. +- _再_ 点 **几个 菜** 吧 。 + + - Let's order some more dishes. +- 服务员 ,_再_ 来 **两 瓶 啤酒** 。 + + - Waiter, two more bottles of beer, please. +- _再_ 给 我 **三天 时间** 。 + + - Give me another three days. +- 我 能 不 能 _再_ 拿 **两 个** ? + + - Can I take two more? +- _再_ 找找 。 + + - Keep looking. +- 你 _再_ 问问 。 + + - Keep asking. +- 别 急 ,_再_ 想想 。 + + - Don't worry. Keep thinking. +- _再_ 聊 一会儿 。 + + - Keep talking for a little bit. +- _再_ 等 一会儿 。 + + - Wait a little longer. + + + + + +- Level: [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK2_grammar_points) +- Similar to + - [Expressing "again" in the past with "又"](./又.md) (B1) + - [Expressing "the other" with "另外"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22the_other%22_with_%22lingwai%22) (B1) + - [Sequencing with "先" and "再"](./先...再.md) (B1) + - [Comparing "再" and "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Comparing_%22zai%22_and_%22you%22) (B2) + - [Expressing "never again" with "再也不"](../B2/再也不.md) (B2) + - [Expressing "over and over again" with "再三"](../B2/再三.md) (B2) + - [Expressing a last chance with "再不... 就..."](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_a_last_chance_with_%22zaibu..._jiu...%22) (B2) + - [Expressing "even so" with "再不... 也..."](../C1/adverbs/再不.md) (C1) +- Used for: [Expressing time and date](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_time_and_date) +- Keywords: [再](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%86%8D) + + + +While 又 (yòu) is used for ["again" in the past](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Again_in_the_past_with_%22you%22), 再 (zài) is used for "again" in the future. That is, 再 is used when something has happened once and it _will_ happen again. + +## Used as "Again" + +Remember this is the _future_ "again." + +### Structure + +Subj. + 再 + [Verb Phrase] + +### Examples + +- 我们 明年 _再_ 来 。 + + - We'll come again next year. +- _再_ 试 一下 。 + + - Try it again. +- 你 可以 _再_ 说 一 遍 吗 ? + + - Can you please say it again? +- 这 本 书 我 要 _再_ 看 一 遍 。 + + - I want to read this book again. +- 你 应该 _再_ 复习 一 遍 。 + + - You should review it again. + +In fact, this structure is present in one of the most common Chinese phrases: "再见!" In this case, it literally means "see you again." + +## Used as "Another" or "Some More" + +The English word "another" is often avoided altogether by using 再. + +### Structure + +Subj. + 再 + Verb + Obj. + +In this case, the object includes a quantity phrase. + +### Examples + +- _再_ 吃 **一点** 。 + + - Eat some more. +- _再_ 点 **几个 菜** 吧 。 + + - Let's order some more dishes. +- 服务员 ,_再_ 来 **两 瓶 啤酒** 。 + + - Waiter, two more bottles of beer, please. +- _再_ 给 我 **三天 时间** 。 + + - Give me another three days. +- 我 能 不 能 _再_ 拿 **两 个** ? + + - Can I take two more? + +## Used for Continuous Action + +Here 再 is similar to the English "for a while longer" or "keep [going/doing]." + +### Structure + +Subj. + 再 + Verb + Verb + +### Examples + +- _再_ 找找 。 + + - Keep looking. +- 你 _再_ 问问 。 + + - Keep asking. +- 别 急 ,_再_ 想想 。 + + - Don't worry. Keep thinking. + +You can also add 一会儿 after the verb to mean "keep doing something a little longer." + +- _再_ 聊 一会儿 。 + + - Keep talking for a little bit. +- _再_ 等 一会儿 。 + + - Wait a little longer. + +You can use either the "Verb + Verb" pattern or the 一会儿 pattern with 再, but don't use them together. + +## See also + +- ["Never again" with "再也不](../B2/再也不.md) +- [Sequencing with "先" and "再"](./先...再.md) +- [Expressing "again" in the past with "又"](./又.md) + +## Sources and further reading + +### Books + +- [HSK Standard Course 2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_2) (pp. 60) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1) (pp. 157) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]() (pp. 202) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) + +### Websites + +- Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: [Using 再 and 又](http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0212.html) diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/B1/又.md b/docs/allsetlearning/B1/又.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..37c721a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/B1/又.md @@ -0,0 +1,149 @@ +# Expressing "again" in the past with "又" + + + +- _又_ 下雨 **了** ! + + - It rained again! +- 你 _又_ 迟到 **了** 。 + + - You're late again. +- 宝宝 _又_ 哭 **了** 。 + + - The baby is crying again. +- 我 _又_ 忘 **了** 。 + + - I forgot again. +- 他 _又_ **没** 来 上课 。 + + - He didn't come to class again. +- 你们 _又_ **不** 付钱 ? + + - You're not paying again? +- 你 _又_ **不** 参加 ? + + - You are not going to participate again? +- 对不起 ,我 _又_ **没** 带 书 。 + + - Sorry, I forgot to bring the book again. +- 今天 _又_ **要** 加班 **了** ! + + - We've got to work overtime again today! +- 老板 请客 ,_又_ **可以** 吃 大餐 **了** ! + + - The boss is going to treat us. We can have a big meal again! +- 快 过年 了 ,我们 _又_ **能** 拿 红包 **了** ! + + - It's almost Chinese New Year. We can get our red packets [of money] again! + + + + + +- Level: [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK3](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK3_grammar_points) +- Similar to + - [Emphasizing negation with "又"](./又不.md) (B1) + - [Expressing "again" in the future with "再"](./再.md) (B1) + - [Comparing "再" and "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Comparing_%22zai%22_and_%22you%22) (B2) + - [Expressing "over and over again" with "再三"](../B2/再三.md) (B2) + - [Repeated actions in the past with "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Repeated_actions_in_the_past_with_%22you%22) (B2) +- Used for: [Referring to the past](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Referring_to_the_past), [Expressing time and date](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_time_and_date) +- Keywords: [了](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BA%86), [又](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8F%88) + + + +Whenever you want to express something that has happened [again](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Again), as in, "oops, I did it _again_!" in Chinese, you generally want to use 又 (yòu). (You'll want to use [再 (zài) for "again" in the future](./再.md).) + +## Affirmative Form + +### Structure + +Normally, 又 is used to express an action that has already happened again for (at least) the second time. It doesn't have to be in quick succession; it happened before, and now it's happened again. + +(Subj. +) 又 + Verb + 了 + +### Examples + +- _又_ 下雨 **了** ! + + - It rained again! +- 你 _又_ 迟到 **了** 。 + + - You're late again. +- 宝宝 _又_ 哭 **了** 。 + + - The baby is crying again. +- 我 _又_ 忘 **了** 。 + + - I forgot again. + +## Negative Form + +### Structure + +(Subj. +) 又 + 不 / 没 + Verb + +### Examples + +- 他 _又_ **没** 来 上课 。 + + - He didn't come to class again. +- 你们 _又_ **不** 付钱 ? + + - You're not paying again? +- 你 _又_ **不** 参加 ? + + - You are not going to participate again? +- 对不起 ,我 _又_ **没** 带 书 。 + + - Sorry, I forgot to bring the book again. + +## Colloquial Saying 又来了 + +又来了 fits the above pattern, but is also a little tricky because it expresses something that is still ongoing, and has already started as the speaker is speaking. Literally it means "here it comes again," but it's more accurate to translate it as "there it is again," or "there [he] goes again." It indicates that the speaker is a bit annoyed that it happened _again_. + +## Other Usage + +When it becomes clear that something is about to happen again, you can also use 又. It's almost as if it has already happened in your mind. In these cases, it's quite common for 又 to be immediately followed by 是 (shì), 要 (yào), 可以 (kěyǐ), or 能 (néng), and you'll notice that there's often a [了, indicating that something is about to happen](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/About_to_happen_with_%22le%22). + +Some examples: + +- 今天 _又_ **要** 加班 **了** ! + + - We've got to work overtime again today! +- 老板 请客 ,_又_ **可以** 吃 大餐 **了** ! + + - The boss is going to treat us. We can have a big meal again! +- 快 过年 了 ,我们 _又_ **能** 拿 红包 **了** ! + + - It's almost Chinese New Year. We can get our red packets [of money] again! + +## See also + +- ["Both A and B" with "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22Both_A_and_B%22_with_%22you%22) +- [Comparing "再" and "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Comparing_%22zai%22_and_%22you%22) +- ["Both… and…" with "既...又"](../B2/既...又.md) +- [Advanced use of "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Advanced_use_of_%22you%22) +- [Emphasizing negation with "又"](./又不.md) +- [Expressing "again" in the future with "再"](./再.md) + +## Sources and further reading + +### Books + +- [Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)]() (pp. 141-2) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1) (pp. 157) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_2) (pp. 288) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]() (pp. 202) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [现代汉语八百词(增订本)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D%EF%BC%88%E5%A2%9E%E8%AE%A2%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%89) (pp. 633) [ →buy] +- [现代汉语虚词例释](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D%E4%BE%8B%E9%87%8A) (pp. 588) [卓越汉语-公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,) + +### Dictionaries + +- [现代汉语八百词(增订本)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D%EF%BC%88%E5%A2%9E%E8%AE%A2%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%89) (pp. 633) [ →buy] +- [现代汉语虚词例释](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D%E4%BE%8B%E9%87%8A) (pp. 588) [卓越汉语-公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,) +- [现代汉语词典(第5版)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC5%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89) (pp. 1656) [卓越汉语-公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,) + +### Websites + +- Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: [Using 再 and 又](http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0212.html) diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/B1/又不.md b/docs/allsetlearning/B1/又不.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..937e22e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/B1/又不.md @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +# Emphasizing negation with "又" + + + +- 问 我 干吗 ?我 _又_ **不** 知道 。 + + - I definitely don't know. +- 这些 菜 _又_ **没** 坏 ,为什么 要 扔 ? + + - These dishes haven't gone bad. Why would you throw them away? +- 不要 生气 ,我 _又_ **不** 是 故意 的 。 + + - Don't be mad. It really wasn't on purpose. +- 今天 _又_ **不** 热 ,开 空调 干吗 ? + + - It's not hot today. Why turn on the air conditioner? +- 明天 _又_ **不** 上班 ,那么 早 起床 干吗 ? + + - You don't work tomorrow. Why get up so early? +- 你 现在 _又_ **不** 忙 ,来 帮 我 一下 。 + + - You're not busy now. Come and help me. +- 我 _又_ **没** 吃 过 ,怎么 知道 好 不 好吃 ? + + - I haven't eaten it. How would I know if it is tasty or not? +- 孩子 _又_ **没** 做错 ,打 他 干吗 ? + + - The child didn't do anything wrong. Why are you spanking him? +- _又_ **没** 下 雨 ,带 伞 干吗 ? + + - It's not raining. Why are you bringing the umbrella? +- _又_ **不** 关 你 的 事 ,问 那么 多 干 吗? + + - It's none of your business. Why all the questions? + + + + + +- Level: [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points) +- Similar to + - [Expressing "again" in the past with "又"](./又.md) (B1) + - [Emphasizing a negation with "并"](../B2/并不.md) (B2) + - [Repeated actions in the past with "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Repeated_actions_in_the_past_with_%22you%22) (B2) +- Used for: [Expressing attitude](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_attitude), [Emphasizing](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Emphasizing) +- Keywords: [又](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8F%88) + + + +You already know that [不](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8D) (bù) and [没](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%B2%A1) (méi) can be used for negation. But you can also use the word 又 (yòu) to emphasize negation, giving your negative sentence a little kick! + +## Structure + +In this structure, 又 is used to emphasize that something "_didn't_ happen," "_is not_" the case, or "_will not_ happen." It's most often used with [不](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8D) and [没](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%B2%A1). This grammar structure is often used in an accusatory context, and when used with other expressions like 干吗 (gànmá) can show annoyance. + +又 + 不 / 没 + Predicate + +## Examples + +- 问 我 干吗 ?我 _又_ **不** 知道 。 + + - I definitely don't know. +- 这些 菜 _又_ **没** 坏 ,为什么 要 扔 ? + + - These dishes haven't gone bad. Why would you throw them away? +- 不要 生气 ,我 _又_ **不** 是 故意 的 。 + + - Don't be mad. It really wasn't on purpose. +- 今天 _又_ **不** 热 ,开 空调 干吗 ? + + - It's not hot today. Why turn on the air conditioner? +- 明天 _又_ **不** 上班 ,那么 早 起床 干吗 ? + + - You don't work tomorrow. Why get up so early? +- 你 现在 _又_ **不** 忙 ,来 帮 我 一下 。 + + - You're not busy now. Come and help me. +- 我 _又_ **没** 吃 过 ,怎么 知道 好 不 好吃 ? + + - I haven't eaten it. How would I know if it is tasty or not? +- 孩子 _又_ **没** 做错 ,打 他 干吗 ? + + - The child didn't do anything wrong. Why are you spanking him? +- _又_ **没** 下 雨 ,带 伞 干吗 ? + + - It's not raining. Why are you bringing the umbrella? +- _又_ **不** 关 你 的 事 ,问 那么 多 干 吗? + + - It's none of your business. Why all the questions? + +## See also + +- [Emphasis with "就"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Emphasis_with_%22jiu%22) +- [Emphasizing a negation with "并"](../B2/并不.md) diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/B2/再也不.md b/docs/allsetlearning/B2/再也不.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7ab0b19 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/B2/再也不.md @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +# Expressing "never again" with "再也不" + + + +- 我 _再也不_ 想 看到 你 了 ! + + - I never want to see you again! +- 我 _再也不_ 想 跟 你 说话 了 。 + + - I don't want to talk with you ever again. +- 我们 _再也不_ 会 相信 你 了 ! + + - We're not going to believe you ever again! +- 医生 说 她 _再也不_ 能 跳舞 了 。 + + - The doctor said she will never be able to dance again. +- 我 _再也不_ 要 离开 你 了 。 + + - I'm not going to leave you ever again. +- 从 那 以后 ,我 _再也没_ 去 过 酒吧 。 + + - Since then, I've never been to a bar again. +- 出国 以后 ,我 _再也没_ 吃 过 地道 的 中国 菜 。 + + - Since leaving my country, I've never eaten any authentic Chinese food. +- 分手 以后 ,他们 _再也没_ 见 过 。 + + - They haven't seen each other ever since they broke up. +- 毕业 以后,她 _再也没_ 花 过 父母 的 钱 。 + + - She has never spent her parents' money since she graduated. +- 考 完 试 以后,我 _再也没_ 碰 过 那些 书 。 + + - Since finishing exams I haven't touched those books again. + + + + + +- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK5](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK5_grammar_points) +- Similar to + - [Expressing "again" in the future with "再"](../B1/再.md) (B1) + - [Sequencing with "先" and "再"](../B1/先...再.md) (B1) + - [Expressing a last chance with "再不... 就..."](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_a_last_chance_with_%22zaibu..._jiu...%22) (B2) + - [Expressing "even so" with "再不... 也..."](../C1/adverbs/再不.md) (C1) +- Used for: [Referring to the future](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Referring_to_the_future), [Expressing time and date](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_time_and_date) +- Keywords: [不](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8D), [了](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BA%86), [也](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B9%9F), [再](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%86%8D), [再也不](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%86%8D%E4%B9%9F%E4%B8%8D) + + + +Sometimes you may do something or experience something that you _never_ ever want to do again. How do we express that in Chinese? One of the ways is to use this quirky combination of three little words: 再也不 (zài yě bù)! + +## Using 再也 with 不 + +### Structure + +To express that something will _never_ be done again, or never happen again, you can use this structure: + +Subj. + 再也 + 不 (+ Auxiliary Verb) + Verb Phrase + 了 + +Notice that 了 is used. In this case it's ["change of state 了"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Change_of_state_with_%22le%22). This is because _it is now the case that_ the action will not be done again. It indicates some kind of determination or decision. + +### Examples + +- 我 _再也不_ 想 看到 你 了 ! + + - I never want to see you again! +- 我 _再也不_ 想 跟 你 说话 了 。 + + - I don't want to talk with you ever again. +- 我们 _再也不_ 会 相信 你 了 ! + + - We're not going to believe you ever again! +- 医生 说 她 _再也不_ 能 跳舞 了 。 + + - The doctor said she will never be able to dance again. +- 我 _再也不_ 要 离开 你 了 。 + + - I'm not going to leave you ever again. + +## Using 再也 with 没 + +### Structure + +Subj. + 再也 + 没 + Verb + 过 + Obj. + +Notice that 过 is used. This pattern expresses that during a certain period of time in the _past_, or _from_ a certain point in the past up _until now_, something _hasn't been done_ again. + +### Examples + +- 从 那 以后 ,我 _再也没_ 去 过 酒吧 。 + + - Since then, I've never been to a bar again. +- 出国 以后 ,我 _再也没_ 吃 过 地道 的 中国 菜 。 + + - Since leaving my country, I've never eaten any authentic Chinese food. +- 分手 以后 ,他们 _再也没_ 见 过 。 + + - They haven't seen each other ever since they broke up. +- 毕业 以后,她 _再也没_ 花 过 父母 的 钱 。 + + - She has never spent her parents' money since she graduated. +- 考 完 试 以后,我 _再也没_ 碰 过 那些 书 。 + + - Since finishing exams I haven't touched those books again. + +## See Also + +- [Sequencing with "先" and "再"](../B1/先...再.md) +- [Again in the future with "再"](../B1/再.md) + +## Sources and further reading + +### Books + +- [Common Chinese Patterns 330 (汉语常用格式330例)]() (pp. 299) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 2 (博雅汉语初经起步篇)]() (pp. 174) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_2) (pp. 265) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/B2/并.md b/docs/allsetlearning/B2/并.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db99fc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/B2/并.md @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +# Combining verbs with "并" + + + +- 我 同意 _并_ 支持 你 的 决定。 + + - I agree with and support your decision. +- 要 继续 保持 _并_ 发扬 优秀 的 民族 传统。 + + - We will continue to maintain and carry forward our excellent national traditions. +- 会议 讨论 _并_ 通过 了 今年 的 工作 计划。 + + - The meeting discussed and approved the work plan for this year. +- 脱欧 后 , 英国 需要 跟 很 多 国家 进行 贸易 谈判 _并_ 签订 贸易 协议 。 + + - Post-Brexit, the U.K. will have to negotiate and sign trade agreements with many countries. +- 当 他们 克服 了 困难 _并_ 获得 成功 以后 , 他们 会 觉得 特别 有 成就感 。 + + - When they overcome the difficulties and succeed, they will feel especially accomplished. +- 为了 降低 贫富 差距 , 政府 制定 了 新 的 政策 _并_ 开始 实施 。 + + - In order to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor, the government formulated new policies and began to implement them. +- 苹果 公司 自从 1980 年 在 科克 开始 运营 , _并_ 逐步 扩大 规模 。 + + - Apple has been operating in Cork since 1980, and has been gradually expanding. +- 我们 会 和 合作 公司 尽快 沟通 _并_ 解决 这 件 事 。 + + - We will work with the partner company to resolve this matter as soon as possible. +- 产品 经理 负责 和 工程师 合作 _并_ 制定 产品 策略 。 + + - The product manager is responsible for working with the engineers to develop the product strategy. +- 我们 希望 给 客户 提供 最 周到 的 服务 , 想到 _并_ 满足 客户 每 一 个 需求 。 + + - We want to provide our customers with the best possible service, and we want to think about and meet their every need. + + + + + +- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points) +- Similar to + - [Expressing "and" with "和"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22and%22_with_%22he%22) (A1) + - [Expressing "both… and…" with "既...又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22both%E2%80%A6_and%E2%80%A6%22_with_%22ji...you%22) (B2) + - [Expressing "even" with "甚至"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22even%22_with_%22shenzhi%22) (B2) + - [Expressing "moreover" with "並且"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22moreover%22_with_%22bingqie%22) (B2) + - [Expressing "as well as" with "以及"](../C1/以及.md) (C1) +- Used for +- Keywords: [并](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%B9%B6), [并且](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%B9%B6%E4%B8%94) + + + +并 (bìng) can be used to connect verbs. In this structure the two verbs should be of equal importance. + +## Structure + +The verb phrases in the pattern below are often two-syllable verbs, and usually somewhat formal. + +In some cases, the two verb phrases on either side of 并 are of equal stress or importance. When 并 means "moreover," however, it can be replaced with [并且](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22moreover%22_with_%22bingqie%22). + +[Verb Phrase 1] + 并 + [Verb Phrase 2] + +Notice that 并且 is used with verbs, unlike [和, which is used mostly with nouns](). + +## Examples + +Here are some examples: + +- 我 同意 _并_ 支持 你 的 决定。 + + - I agree with and support your decision. +- 要 继续 保持 _并_ 发扬 优秀 的 民族 传统。 + + - We will continue to maintain and carry forward our excellent national traditions. +- 会议 讨论 _并_ 通过 了 今年 的 工作 计划。 + + - The meeting discussed and approved the work plan for this year. +- 脱欧 后 , 英国 需要 跟 很 多 国家 进行 贸易 谈判 _并_ 签订 贸易 协议 。 + + - Post-Brexit, the U.K. will have to negotiate and sign trade agreements with many countries. +- 当 他们 克服 了 困难 _并_ 获得 成功 以后 , 他们 会 觉得 特别 有 成就感 。 + + - When they overcome the difficulties and succeed, they will feel especially accomplished. +- 为了 降低 贫富 差距 , 政府 制定 了 新 的 政策 _并_ 开始 实施 。 + + - In order to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor, the government formulated new policies and began to implement them. +- 苹果 公司 自从 1980 年 在 科克 开始 运营 , _并_ 逐步 扩大 规模 。 + + - Apple has been operating in Cork since 1980, and has been gradually expanding. +- 我们 会 和 合作 公司 尽快 沟通 _并_ 解决 这 件 事 。 + + - We will work with the partner company to resolve this matter as soon as possible. +- 产品 经理 负责 和 工程师 合作 _并_ 制定 产品 策略 。 + + - The product manager is responsible for working with the engineers to develop the product strategy. +- 我们 希望 给 客户 提供 最 周到 的 服务 , 想到 _并_ 满足 客户 每 一 个 需求 。 + + - We want to provide our customers with the best possible service, and we want to think about and meet their every need. + +Note that in some cases the English translation is awkward if we try to keep two actions fully "parallel" rather than sequential. + +## See also + +- ["Even" as "甚至"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22Even%22_as_%22shenzhi%22) +- [Expressing "and" with "和"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22and%22_with_%22he%22) + +## Sources and further reading + +### Books + +- [HSK Standard Course 4下](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8B) (pp. 19) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法) ]() (pp. 130-1) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/B2/并不.md b/docs/allsetlearning/B2/并不.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce48bec --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/B2/并不.md @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +# Emphasizing a negation with "并" + + + +- 在 中国 创业 _并_ **不** 容易,有 很 多 的 挑战。 + + - In China, starting a business really isn't easy. There are a lot of challenges. +- 我 在 大学 读 金融 专业,但是 当 金融 分析 人员 _并_ **不** 是 我 的 梦想。 + + - I'm majoring in finance at the university, but being a financial analyst is not at all my dream. +- 她 结婚 五年 了,也 生 了 一个 孩子,但 她 _并_ **不** 爱 她 丈夫。 + + - She's been married for five years and she has a baby, but she doesn't love her husband at all. +- 你 这样 做 其实 _并_ **没有** 解决 客户 的 问题。 + + - What you did didn't actually solve our clients' problems at all. +- 我 弹 钢琴 十年 多 了,但 我 _并_ **不** 喜欢 这 种 乐器 。 + + - I've been playing the piano for more than ten years, but I really don't like this musical instrument. +- 我 虽然 和 他 讨论 了,但 我们 _并_ **没有** 找到 问题。 + + - Although I've discussed it with him, we haven't found the problem at all. +- 我 _并_ **不** 知道 你 昨天 给 我 打电话 了。 + + - I didn't know at all that you called me yesterday. +- 昨天 下 的 雨 很 大 ,但是 天气 _并_ **不** 凉快 。 + + - It rained heavily yesterday, but the weather didn't cool off at all. +- 虽然 你 说 了 很 过分 的 话,但是 我 _并_ **没有** 生气 。 + + - Although you said some very harsh things, I didn't get angry at all. +- 你 送的 礼物 很 贵,但是 我 _并_ **不** 喜欢。 + + - The gift you gave was very expensive, but I didn't like it at all. + + + + + +- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points) +- Similar to + - [Emphasizing negation with "又"](../B1/又不.md) (B1) +- Used for: [Emphasizing Negation](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Emphasizing_Negation) +- Keywords: [不](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8D), [没](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%B2%A1), [并](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%B9%B6) + + + +One of the many uses of [并](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%B9%B6) (bìng) is to add emphasis to a negative sentence that uses [不](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8D) or [没](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%B2%A1). Because you're emphasizing a negation, 并 is often used when expressing disagreement or pointing out a flaw in someone's argument. While the word 并 is not inherently combative, it can certainly be used that way. + +## Structure + +You can take pretty much any sentence with a negated verb and give it a little extra kick with 并. Just put it before the 不 or 没. Note that when used with 不, you can negate an adjective as well. + +Subj. + 并 + 不 + Verb / Adj. + +Subj. + 并 + 没 (有) + Verb + +## Examples + +- 在 中国 创业 _并_ **不** 容易,有 很 多 的 挑战。 + + - In China, starting a business really isn't easy. There are a lot of challenges. +- 我 在 大学 读 金融 专业,但是 当 金融 分析 人员 _并_ **不** 是 我 的 梦想。 + + - I'm majoring in finance at the university, but being a financial analyst is not at all my dream. +- 她 结婚 五年 了,也 生 了 一个 孩子,但 她 _并_ **不** 爱 她 丈夫。 + + - She's been married for five years and she has a baby, but she doesn't love her husband at all. +- 你 这样 做 其实 _并_ **没有** 解决 客户 的 问题。 + + - What you did didn't actually solve our clients' problems at all. +- 我 弹 钢琴 十年 多 了,但 我 _并_ **不** 喜欢 这 种 乐器 。 + + - I've been playing the piano for more than ten years, but I really don't like this musical instrument. +- 我 虽然 和 他 讨论 了,但 我们 _并_ **没有** 找到 问题。 + + - Although I've discussed it with him, we haven't found the problem at all. +- 我 _并_ **不** 知道 你 昨天 给 我 打电话 了。 + + - I didn't know at all that you called me yesterday. +- 昨天 下 的 雨 很 大 ,但是 天气 _并_ **不** 凉快 。 + + - It rained heavily yesterday, but the weather didn't cool off at all. +- 虽然 你 说 了 很 过分 的 话,但是 我 _并_ **没有** 生气 。 + + - Although you said some very harsh things, I didn't get angry at all. +- 你 送的 礼物 很 贵,但是 我 _并_ **不** 喜欢。 + + - The gift you gave was very expensive, but I didn't like it at all. + +## Sources and further reading + +### Books + +- [HSK Standard Course 4上](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8A) (pp. 45) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [Boya Chinese Lower Intermediate 1 (博雅汉语准中级加速篇)]() (pp. 158) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [Boya Chinese Upper Intermediate 1 (博雅汉语中级冲刺篇)]() (pp. 11) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1) (pp. 304-5) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [卓越汉语-公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 19) [卓越汉语-公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,) +- [现代汉语虚词例释](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D%E4%BE%8B%E9%87%8A) (pp. 41) [卓越汉语-公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,) +- [现代汉语虚词手册](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C) (pp. 25) [卓越汉语-公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,) diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/B2/既...又.md b/docs/allsetlearning/B2/既...又.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..67c3ee1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/B2/既...又.md @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +# Expressing "both… and…" with "既...又" + + + +- 这个 同事 _既_ 积极 _又_ 努力。 + + - This colleague is both proactive and hard-working. +- 这 家 餐厅 _既_ 便宜 _又_ 好吃。 + + - This restaurant is both cheap and delicious. +- 他 做 事情 _既_ 快 _又_ 好。 + + - He does things both quickly and well. +- 这 家 银行 的 服务 _既_ 热情 _又_ 周到。 + + - This bank's service is both enthusiastic and thorough. +- 这个 产品 的 设计 _既_ 时尚 _又_ 人性化。 + + - This product's design is both stylish and user-friendly. +- 这里 _既_ 是 你 的 家乡 ,_也_ 是 我 的 家乡。 + + - This is both your hometown and mine. +- 她 _既_ 是 我 妈妈 ,_也_ 是 我 朋友。 + + - She is both my mother and my friend. +- 要求 是 你 _既_ 要 会 说 流利 的 中文 ,_也_ 要 会 说 流利 的 英文 。 + + - The requirement is that you need to speak both fluent Chinese and English. +- 你 不 要 多 管 闲事 ,因为 这 _既_ 和 你 没 关系 ,_也_ 和 我 没 关系 。 + + - Do not meddle in it, for it is neither your business nor mine. +- 爸爸 很 生 我 的 气 ,不过 他 _既_ 没 打 我 ,_也_ 没 骂 我 。 + + - Dad was really mad at me, but he neither hit me nor yelled at me. + + + + + +- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points) +- Similar to +- Used for: [Describing things](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Describing_things), [Giving alternatives](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Giving_alternatives) +- Keywords: [也](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B9%9F), [又](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8F%88), [既](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%97%A2) + + + +既 (jì) can be used in conjunction with either 又 (yòu) or 也 (yě) to express that something is "both A and B": + +## Used with 又 + +### Structure + +既 + A + 又 + B + +A and B can be adjectives, verbs or short phrases. Most of the time A and B will be of the same form. It often sounds better one both A and B are single syllables or both are two syllables. + +### Examples + +- 这个 同事 _既_ 积极 _又_ 努力。 + + - This colleague is both proactive and hard-working. +- 这 家 餐厅 _既_ 便宜 _又_ 好吃。 + + - This restaurant is both cheap and delicious. +- 他 做 事情 _既_ 快 _又_ 好。 + + - He does things both quickly and well. +- 这 家 银行 的 服务 _既_ 热情 _又_ 周到。 + + - This bank's service is both enthusiastic and thorough. +- 这个 产品 的 设计 _既_ 时尚 _又_ 人性化。 + + - This product's design is both stylish and user-friendly. + +## Used with 也 + +### Structure + +The structure can also be formed with 也, but here it is used primarily for verbs or verb phrases: + +既 + [Verb Phrase] ,也 + [Verb Phrase] + +### Examples + +- 这里 _既_ 是 你 的 家乡 ,_也_ 是 我 的 家乡。 + + - This is both your hometown and mine. +- 她 _既_ 是 我 妈妈 ,_也_ 是 我 朋友。 + + - She is both my mother and my friend. +- 要求 是 你 _既_ 要 会 说 流利 的 中文 ,_也_ 要 会 说 流利 的 英文 。 + + - The requirement is that you need to speak both fluent Chinese and English. +- 你 不 要 多 管 闲事 ,因为 这 _既_ 和 你 没 关系 ,_也_ 和 我 没 关系 。 + + - Do not meddle in it, for it is neither your business nor mine. +- 爸爸 很 生 我 的 气 ,不过 他 _既_ 没 打 我 ,_也_ 没 骂 我 。 + + - Dad was really mad at me, but he neither hit me nor yelled at me. + +## See also + +- ["Both A and B" with "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22Both_A_and_B%22_with_%22you%22) +- [Combining verbs with "并"](./并.md) + +## Sources and further reading + +### Books + +- [HSK Standard Course 4上](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8A) (pp. 86) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) + +- [New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]() (pp. 120) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) + +- [卓越汉语-公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 11) [卓越汉语-公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,) diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/C1/adverbs/再不.md b/docs/allsetlearning/C1/adverbs/再不.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c581941 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/C1/adverbs/再不.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +# Expressing "even so" with "再不... 也..." + + + +- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points) +- Similar to +- Used for +- Keywords: [也](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B9%9F), [再不](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%86%8D%E4%B8%8D) + + + +再不…… 也…… (zàibù... yě...)! + +## Structure + +(Subj. +) 再不 …… 也 ……(了) + +## Examples + +Note that there is a sense of urgency in each of these sentences, even if the word 现在 isn't present. That's why an implied "now" has been added in for some English translations. + +- _再 不_ 走,我 _也_ 。 + +## See Also + +- [Again in the future with "再"](../../B1/再.md) +- [Expressing "never again" with "再也不"](../../B2/再也不.md) diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/C1/index.md b/docs/allsetlearning/C1/index.md index f35d69d..3d62e69 100644 --- a/docs/allsetlearning/C1/index.md +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/C1/index.md @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech categor | [Expressing "as expected" with "果然"](./adverbs/果然.md) | 果然 + Predicate | 第一名 _果然_ 是 她 !我 就 知道 。 | | [Expressing "as if" with "似乎"](./adverbs/似乎.md) | Subj. + 似乎 ⋯⋯ | 你 说 得 _似乎_ 很 有道理 。 | | [Expressing "contrary to expectations" with "偏偏"](./adverbs/偏偏.md) | A ,Subject + 偏偏 + B | 不 叫 他 去,他 _偏偏_ 要 去。 | -| [Expressing "even so" with "再不... 也..."](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGAA381) | 再不…… 也…… | _再不_ _也_。 | +| [Expressing "even so" with "再不... 也..."](./adverbs/再不.md) | 再不…… 也…… | _再 不_ 走,我 _也_ 。 | | [Expressing "no exception" with "一律"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGC8A38) | 一律 + Predicate | 明天 的 部门 会议 _一律_ **都** 要 参加 。 | | [Expressing "nothing but" with "无非"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGW0911) | 无非 + 是 + Verb / Noun | 我 _无非_ 是 想 要 一 台 电脑 ! | | [Expressing the unexpected with "竟然"](./adverbs/竟然.md) | Subj. + 竟然 ⋯⋯ | 我们 要 出发 的 时候,他 _竟然_ 说 不 去 了 。 | diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/C1/以及.md b/docs/allsetlearning/C1/以及.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b3f517 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/C1/以及.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +# Expressing "as well as" with "以及" + + + +- 听觉 、视觉 、嗅觉 、味觉 _以及_ 触觉 都 属于 感官 。 +- 艺术 有 很多 种类 ,绘画 、舞蹈 、电影 _以及_ 文学 等 都 是 艺术 。 +- 院子 里 种着 玫瑰花 、茉莉花 、牡丹花 _以及_ 其他 一些 花草 。 +- 我们 的 价值 就是 采访、分析 _以及_ 组合 投资 管理 人 。 +- 习 主席 祝 全国 人民 _以及_ 全体 海外 华人 新年快乐 。 +- 这个 项目 的 投资人 _以及_ 相关 负责 人 都 是 外国 人 。 +- 每种 语言 都 能 表现 一个 民族 的 文化 、价值观 _以及_ 思维方式 。 + + + + + +- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points) +- Similar to +- Used for: [Listing](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Listing) +- Keywords: [以及](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8A), [及](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8F%8A) + + + +以及,多用于书面语,连接多音节词或词组(名词性或动词性的都可以),还可以连接小句。所连接的前后两个部分往往有先后、主次之分,通常"以及"前面是主要的。 + +## Structure + +[Noun Phrase 1],[Noun Phrase 2] + 以及 + [Noun Phrase 3] + +## Examples + +- 听觉 、视觉 、嗅觉 、味觉 _以及_ 触觉 都 属于 感官 。 +- 艺术 有 很多 种类 ,绘画 、舞蹈 、电影 _以及_ 文学 等 都 是 艺术 。 +- 院子 里 种着 玫瑰花 、茉莉花 、牡丹花 _以及_ 其他 一些 花草 。 +- 我们 的 价值 就是 采访、分析 _以及_ 组合 投资 管理 人 。 +- 习 主席 祝 全国 人民 _以及_ 全体 海外 华人 新年快乐 。 +- 这个 项目 的 投资人 _以及_ 相关 负责 人 都 是 外国 人 。 +- 每种 语言 都 能 表现 一个 民族 的 文化 、价值观 _以及_ 思维方式 。 + +也可以连接动宾结构的短语。 + +## See also + +- [Expressing "and" with "和"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22and%22_with_%22he%22) +- [Expressing "in addition" with "还有"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22in_addition%22_with_%22haiyou%22) +- [Combining verbs with "并"](../B2/并.md) + +## Sources and further reading + +### Books + +- [HSK Standard Course 5上](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_5%E4%B8%8A) (pp. 99) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [卓越汉语-公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 200) [卓越汉语-公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)