ko-grammar/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/15-good-carry-similar.md

---
vocabulary:
  nouns:
    - ko: 잠
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v1.mp3
      en: sleep
      usages:
        - ko: 늦잠 자다
          en: to sleep in
        - ko: 낮잠 자다
          en: to take a nap
        - ko: 잠이 들다
          en: to fall asleep
        - ko: 잠에서 깨다
          en: to be woken up from sleep
        - ko: 겨울잠
          en: hibernation
      notes: If you are just talking about sleeping, simply using the verb “자다” is usually appropriate. However, things related to sleep (sleeping in, waking up, falling asleep) usually use the word 잠
      examples:
        - ko: 저는 항상 일요일에 늦**잠** 자요
          en: I always **sleep** in on Sundays
        - ko: 저는 오늘 오후에 낮**잠**을 잤어요
          en: I took a **nap** in the afternoon today
        - ko: 저는 **잠**이 안 들어요
          en: I can’t fall **asleep**
    - ko: 모자
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v2.mp3
      en: hat
      usages:
        - ko: 모자를 쓰다
        - en: to wear a hat
      examples:
        - ko: 우리 학교에서 **모자**를 쓰지 마세요
          en: Don’t wear a **hat** in our school
        - ko: 저의 아버지는 **모자**를 항상 써요
          audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/53.mp3
          en: My father always wears a **hat**
        - ko: 저는 저의 **모자**를 가져갈 거예요
          en: I will bring my **hat**
        - ko: 그 사람은 너무 큰 **모자**를 써요 (쓰다)
          en: That person is wearing too big of a **hat**

    - ko: 줄
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Lesson15vocabline.mp3
      en: line, string, rope, queue
      usages:
        - ko: 줄넘기
          en: jump rope
        - ko: 줄에 서 있다
          en: to be standing in line
      examples:
        - ko: "**줄**이 왜 이렇게 길어요?"
          en: Why is the **line** so big?
        - ko: 나는 **줄**에 걸렸어
          audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/55.mp3
          en: I tripped over the **line**

    - ko: 감기
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v4.mp3
      en: a cold
      usages:
        - ko: 감기에 걸리다
          en: to catch a cold
      examples:
        - ko: "**감기**는 나았어요"
          en: My **cold** is better
        - ko: 따뜻하게 안 입으면 **감기**에 걸릴 거예요
          en: If you don't dress warm(ly), you will catch a **cold**
        - ko: 우리 애기는 어제 **감기**에 걸렸어요
          en: Our baby caught a **cold** yesterday

    - ko: 기침
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v5.mp3
      en: cough
      usages:
        - ko: 기침을 하다
          en: to cough
      examples:
        - ko: 그는 심하게 **기침**을 했어요
          en: He was **coughing** severely
        - ko: 저의 아들은 시끄럽게 **기침**했어요
          en: My son was **coughing** loudly

    - ko: 설사
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v6.mp3
      en: diarrhea
      notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "설싸"
      usages:
        - ko: 설사를 하다
          en: to have diarrhea
      examples:
        - ko: "**설사**는 맛있어요"
          en: "**Diarrhea** is delicious"
        - ko: "**설사**를 하는 것은 재미있어요"
          en: Having **diarrhea** is fun

    - ko: 독감
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v7.mp3
      en: the flu
      usages:
        - ko: 독감에 걸리다
          en: to catch/have the flu
      examples:
        - ko: 모든 학생들은 **독감**에 걸렸어요
          en: All the students have the **flu**

    - ko: 재채기
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v8.mp3
      en: sneeze
      usages:
        - ko: 재채기를 하다
          en: to sneeze
        - ko: 재채기를 참다
          en: to hold a sneeze
      examples:
        - ko: 나이가 많은 사람들은 항상 **재채기**를 시끄럽게 해요
          en: Old people always **sneeze** loudly

    - ko: 동아리
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v9.mp3
      en: a club in school or university
      notes: It's hard to explain exactly what this is in English – but Korean high school students are usually forced to join a club at school. These clubs are called "동아리"
      examples:
        - ko: 저는 댄스 **동아리**에 들었어요
          en: I entered a dancing **club**
        - ko: 무슨 **동아리** 해?
          en: What **club** are you in?

    - ko: 취미
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v10.mp3
      en: hobby
      usages:
        - ko: 취미 삼아…. 하다
          en: to do something as a hobby
      examples:
        - ko: "**취미**가 뭐예요?"
          en: What are(is) your **hobbies**?
        - ko: 저는 **취미**가 없어요
          en: I don't have any **hobbies**

    - ko: 수학
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v11.mp3
      en: math
      usages:
        - ko: 수학수업
          en: math class
        - ko: 수학문제
          en: math problem
        - ko: 수학 교과서
          en: math text book
      examples:
        - ko: 저는 **수학**을 못해요
          en: I am bad at **math**
        - ko: 저는 그 **수학**문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요
          en: I solved that **math** problem using a paper and a pencil
        - ko: "**수학**은 제가 제일 좋아하는 수업이에요"
          en: "**Math** is my favorite class"

    - ko: 가족
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v12.mp3
      en: family
      usages:
        - ko: 우리 가족
          en: our family
        - ko: 가족용
          en: something intended for use for families
        - ko: 대가족
          en: big family
      examples:
        - ko: 저는 어제 **가족**을 만났어요
          en: I met my **family** yesterday
        - ko: 우리 **가족**은 일요일마다 교회를 다녀요
          en: Our **family** goes to church every Sunday
        - ko: "**가족**은 가장 중요해요"
          en: Family is the most **important**
        - ko: 제가 미국에 있었을 때 **가족**을 보고 싶었어요
          en: When I was in the US, I missed my **family**
        - ko: 저는 여자친구를 **가족**한테 소개했어요
          en: I introduced my girlfriend to my **family**

    - ko: 실력
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v13.mp3
      en: skills
      usages:
        - ko: 영어실력
          en: English ability
        - ko: 한국어실력
          en: Korean ability
        - ko: 실력을 늘리다
          en: to increase one's ability
        - ko: 실력이 늘다
          en: for one's ability to be increased
        - ko: 실력이 떨어지다
          en: for one's skills to go down
      examples:
        - ko: 그 학생은 또래보다 영어**실력**이 뒤처지고 있어요
          en: That student is falling behind his peers in English **ability**
        - ko: 저의 한국어**실력**은 작년보다 많이 늘었어요
          en: My Korean **skills** have gotten much better compared to last year
        - ko: 열심히 공부한 이래로 **실력**은 빨리 늘었어요
          en: Since studying hard, my **skills** have been increasing

    - ko: 사촌
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v14.mp3
      en: cousin
      notes: '"사" represents that your cousins are four measures of "blood" away from you. Your uncles are one step closer, and therefore "삼" is used in the word "삼촌"'
      examples:
        - ko: 저의 **사촌**은 군대에 갔어요
          en: My **cousin** went to the army

    - ko: 삶
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v15.mp3
      en: life
      notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "삼"
      usages:
        - ko: ~삶을 살다
          en: to live a life of~
        - ko: 삶의 의미
          en: the meaning of life
      examples:
        - ko: 그는 흥미로운 **삶**을 살아요
          en: He lives an interesting **life**
        - ko: 그는 어려운 **삶**을 경험했어요
          en: He experienced a difficult **life**

    - ko: 맥주
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v16.mp3
      en: beer
      notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "맥쭈"
      usages:
        - ko: 맥주 두 병
          en: two bottles of beer
        - ko: 맥주 두 잔
          en: two glasses of beer
        - ko: 생맥주
          en: tap beer
      examples:
        - ko: "**맥주** 한 병 주세요!"
          en: One bottle of **beer**, please!
        - ko: 한국 사람들은 **맥주**를 자주 마시지 않아요
          en: Korean people don't drink **beer** often
        - ko: 아저씨! **맥주** 한 잔 주세요!
          en: Sir! Give me one glass of **beer** please!
        - ko: "**맥주**가 싫어요"
          en: I don't like **beer**

    - ko: 과거
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v17.mp3
      en: past
      notes: |
        <ul>
        <li>저는 <strong>과거</strong>에 그런 행동을 많이 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I acted like that a lot in the <strong>past</strong></span></li>
        </ul>
        <p>It can also be used as a noun, for example:</p>
        <ul>
        <li>그의 <strong>과거</strong>는 큰 비밀이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">His <strong>past</strong> is a big secret</span></li>
        </ul>
      examples:
        - ko: "저는 **과거**에 그런 행동을 많이 했어요"
          en: "I acted like that a lot in the **past**"
        - ko: "그의 **과거**는 큰 비밀이에요"
          en: "His **past** is a big secret"

    - ko: 마음
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v18.mp3
      en: one's heart/mind
      usages:
        - ko: 마음 대로
          en: as one wishes
        - ko: 마음에 들다
          en: to like something (literally, for something to go into one's heart)
        - ko: 마음이 변하다
          en: to change one's mind
        - ko: 마음에 걸리다
          en: to feel guilty about something (for something to be caught in one's heart)
        - ko: 마음을 정하다
          en: to make up one's mind
      examples:
        - ko: 그 사람의 **마음**은 따뜻해요
          en: That person has a warm **heart**
        - ko: 그것을 **마음** **대로** 하세요
          en: Do that **as you wish**
        - ko: 저는 저 그림이 **마음에 들어요**
          en: I **like** that picture

    - ko: 그림
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Lesson15vpicture.mp3
      en: picture, painting
      notes: 'This word isn''t used to refer to a picture that one takes with a camera. Use "사진" for that word.'
      usages:
        - ko: 그림을 그리다
          en: to draw a picture
        - ko: 그림자
          en: shadow
      examples:
        - ko: "**그림**은 벽에 걸려 있어요"
          audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/54.mp3
          en: The **picture** is hanging on the wall
        - ko: 저는 그 **그림**이 마음에 들어요
          en: I like that **picture**
        - ko: "**그** 그림은 높은 가치가 있어요"
          en: That **picture** has a high value
        - ko: 그 학생은 그림을 잘 그리는 재능을 가지고 있어요
          en: That student has a talent for **drawing** (**pictures**)
        - ko: 그 **그림**을 볼 때 배경이 무슨 의미가 있는지 생각해 보세요
          en: When you look at the **painting,** try to think about what meaning the background has

    - ko: 속
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v46.mp3
      en: inside
      usages:
        - ko: 물속
          en: inside the water
        - ko: 뱃속
          en: inside a stomach/belly
        - ko: 꿈속에
          en: in one's dream
      notes: |
        <p>Korean people can’t explain the difference between <TTS>안</TTS> and <TTS>속</TTS>.</p>
        <p>속 is more commonly used when, if you enter something, the place will be <span class="md spoiler">filled with stuff and is not “empty”</span>. Conversely, “안” would be more commonly used when, if you enter something, the place is <span class="md spoiler">basically empty</span>.</p>
        <p>For example, if you enter water or if you enter your body. In both cases, “속” would be used to refer to the inside of a body, or the inside of water. If you enter your body, it is filled with stuff, and if you enter the water, it is still all water.</p>
        <p>The opposite is if you are talking about a room, or a building. You can go into those places and it is relatively empty.</p>
      examples:
        - ko: 저는 **속**이 안 좋아요
          en: I don't feel good (my **insides** aren't good)

  verbs:
    - ko: 들다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v19.mp3
      en: to lift, to carry, to hold
      notes: |
        <p>들다 follows the ㄹ irregular</p>
        <p>들다 can be used in many different ways. "to lift/carry/hold something" is one of the main overarching usages. See below in this lesson for more information</p>
        <p>~아/어: 들어, ~ㄴ/은: 든, ~ㄴ/는다: 든다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 듭니다, ~ㄹ/을: 들, ~니: 드니, ~ㅁ/음: 듦, ~(으)려고: 들려고, ~(으)시: 드시, ~(으)면: 들면, ~(으)니: 드니</p>
      usages:
        - ko: 고개를 들다
          en: to raise one's head
        - ko: 손을 들다
          en: to raise one's hand
        - ko: 들어올리다
          en: to raise something/put it up
      examples:
        - ko: 저는 바닥에 있는 박스를 **들었어요**
          en: I **lifted** the box on the floor
        - ko: 그는 고개를 **들었어요**
          en: He **lifted** his head
        - ko: 저는 손을 **들었어요**
          en: I **raised** my hand
        - ko: 저는 가방을 **들었어요**
          en: I **carried** the/my bag

    - ko: 들다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v20.mp3
      en: to enter, to go into
      notes: |
        <p>들다 follows the ㄹ irregular</p>
        <p>들다 can be used in many different ways. "to enter, go into" is one of the main overarching usages. See below in this lesson for more information</p>
        <p>~아/어: 들어, ~ㄴ/은: 든, ~ㄴ/는다: 든다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 듭니다, ~ㄹ/을: 들, ~니: 드니, ~ㅁ/음: 듦, ~(으)려고: 들려고, ~(으)시: 드시, ~(으)면: 들면, ~(으)니: 드니</p>
      usages:
        - ko: 들어가다
          en: to go in
        - ko: 들어오다
          en: to come in
      examples:
        - ko: 나는 동아리에 **들었어**
          audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/21.mp3
          en: I **joined** a club
        - ko: 저는 잠이 **들었어요**
          en: I **fell** asleep (I **"entered"** sleep)
        - ko: 저는 그 그림이 마음에 **들어요**
          en: I **like** that picture (That picture **enters** my heart)

    - ko: 가져오다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v21.mp3
      en: to bring an object
      notes: |
        <p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "가저오다"</p>
        <p>This is not used when you "bring" a person somewhere. Instead, the word "데려오다" is used</p>
        <p>가져오다 often translates to "to bring" and 가져가다 often translates to "to take." However, the translation of "to bring" could work for both 가져오다 and 가져가다.</p>
        <p>가지다 means "to possess" and "오다" and "가다" mean "to come" and "to go" respectively. Deciding to use 가져오다 or 가져가다 depends on the point of reference of the acting agent in the sentence to the speaker. Specifically, whether the acting agent is coming or going to the location in question.</p>
        <p>Imagine you have money at your house, and you will go to your friend's house later to give it to him. Therefore, you will have to "bring" or "take" (same meaning) that money with you when you head over there. If you are currently at your house and are talking to your friend about what you will do, you should use the word "가져가다" because you are going to your friend's house while in possession of the money (저는 돈을 가져갈 거예요). In this example, 가져가다 is used and the best English translation would be "I will bring the money."</p>
        <p>However, imagine you have already arrived at your friend's house with the money. You can use the word "가져오다" because you came to your friend's house while in possession of the money (저는 돈을 가져왔어요). In this example, 가져오다 is used and the best English translation would be "I brought the money."</p>
        <p>People would read those two examples and think "Oh, so if it is something happening in the future – I should use 가져가다 and if it is something happening in the past, I should use 가져오다."</p>
        <p>No. It has nothing to do with the tense of the sentence. It has everything to do with the point of reference of the acting agent of the sentence to the speaker.</p>
        <p>For example, imagine you are at your house with the money. If your friend wants to tell you to "bring the money," he should use the word "가져오다" because you are coming (not going) to him. To his reference, you are "coming." In this case, 가져오다 should be used.</p>
      examples:
        - ko: 저는 저의 숙제를 **가져왔어요**
          en: I **brought** my homework
        - ko: 저는 지갑을 안 **가져왔어요**
          en: I didn't **bring** my wallet
        - ko: 저는 친구가 사과를 **가져오**는 것을 원해요
          en: I want my friend to **bring** apples
        - ko: 비가 올 까봐 우산을 **가져왔어요**
          en: I **brought** an umbrella because I was worried that it was going to rain

    - ko: 가져가다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v22.mp3
      en: to bring/take an object
      notes: |
        <p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "가저가다"</p>
        <p>This is not used when you "take" a person somewhere. Instead, the word "데려가다" is used</p>
        <p>가져오다 often translates to "to bring" and 가져가다 often translates to "to take." However, the translation of "to bring" could work for both 가져오다 and 가져가다.</p>
        <p>가지다 means "to possess" and "오다" and "가다" mean "to come" and "to go" respectively. Deciding to use 가져오다 or 가져가다 depends on the point of reference of the acting agent in the sentence to the speaker. Specifically, whether the acting agent is coming or going to the location in question.</p>
        <p>Imagine you have money at your house, and you will go to your friend's house later to give it to him. Therefore, you will have to "bring" or "take" (same meaning) that money with you when you head over there. If you are currently at your house and are talking to your friend about what you will do, you should use the word "가져가다" because you are going to your friend's house while in possession of the money (저는 돈을 가져갈 거예요). In this example, 가져가다 is used and the best English translation would be "I will bring the money."</p>
        <p>However, imagine you have already arrived at your friend's house with the money. You can use the word "가져오다" because you came to your friend's house while in possession of the money (저는 돈을 가져왔어요). In this example, 가져오다 is used and the best English translation would be "I brought the money."</p>
        <p>People would read those two examples and think "Oh, so if it is something happening in the future – I should use 가져가다 and if it is something happening in the past, I should use 가져오다."</p>
        <p>No. It has nothing to do with the tense of the sentence. It has everything to do with the point of reference of the acting agent of the sentence to the speaker.</p>
        <p>For example, imagine you are at your house with the money. If your friend wants to tell you to "bring the money," he should use the word "가져오다" because you are coming (not going) to him. To his reference, you are "coming." In this case, 가져오다 should be used.</p>
      examples:
        - ko: 얼마나 많은 돈을 **가져갈** **거예요**?
          en: How much money will you **bring/take**?
        - ko: 날씨가 너무 더울 것이기 때문에 반바지를 **가져갈** **거예요**
          en: I am going to **bring/take** shorts because the weather will be hot

    - ko: 돌리다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v23.mp3
      en: to turn, to run a machine, to hand out
      notes: |
        <p>This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 14]</p>
        <p><YouTube id="b8X6ryrJGeY" /></p>
      usages:
        - ko: 세탁기를 돌리다
          en: to turn on, use a washing machine
        - ko: 기계를 돌리다
          en: to use a machine
        - ko: A를 돌리다
          en: to distribute something
      examples:
        - ko: 저는 밤에 세탁기를 **돌렸어요**
          en: I **ran** my laundry machine at night
        - ko: 저는 친구들에게 선물을 **돌렸어요**
          en: I **distributed**/handed out presents to my friends

    - ko: 돌다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v24.mp3
      en: to turn oneself, to rotate oneself
      notes: |
        <p>돌다 follows the ㄹ irregular</p>
        <p>돌리다 is used when one turns an object. 돌다 can be used when one turns his/her body.</p>
        <p>~아/어: 돌아, ~ㄴ/은: 돈, ~ㄴ/는다: 돈다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 돕니다, ~ㄹ/을: 돌, ~니: 도니, ~ㅁ/음: 돎, ~(으)려고: 돌려고, ~(으)시: 도시, ~(으)면: 돌면, ~(으)니: 도니</p>
      usages:
        - ko: 돌아가다
          en: to go back
        - ko: 돌아오다
          en: to come back
      examples:
        - ko: 캐나다에 언제 **돌아올** **거예요**?
          en: When are you **coming** **back** to Canada?
        - ko: 우리는 사거리에서 왼쪽으로 **돌았어요**
          en: We **turned** left at the intersection

    - ko: 돌아보다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v25.mp3
      en: to look back
      notes: <p>A compound verb made up of "돌다" and "보다"</p>
      examples:
        - ko: 저는 그녀를 **돌아봤어요**
          en: I **looked back** at her

    - ko: 돌아가다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v26.mp3
      en: to go back, to return
      notes: |
        <p>A compound verb made up of "돌다" and "가다." If you are currently in a place and are talking about returning to another place. For example, if you are from Canada but currently in Korea and talking about returning to Canada (i.e. going back to Canada), you should use this word instead of "돌아오다."</p>
      usages:
        - ko: 돌아가시다
          en: A formal way to say somebody has "passed away" (the honorific ~(으)시 is introduced in Lesson 39)
      examples:
        - ko: 저는 언젠가 고향에 **돌아가**고 싶어요
          en: I want to **go back** to my hometown some day
        - ko: 저는 9월1일에 캐나다에 **돌아갈** **거예요**
          audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/33-1.mp3
          en: I will **go back** to Canada on September 1st
        - ko: 무슨 일이 벌어지든지 간에 제가 집에 **돌아가**야 돼요
          en: Regardless of what happens, I need to **go back**/**return** home

    - ko: 돌아오다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v27.mp3
      en: to come back, to return
      notes: |
        <p>A compound verb made up of "돌다" and "오다." If you are currently in a place and are talking about returning to the same place. For example, if you are from Canada talking about returning to Canada (i.e. coming back to Canada), you should use this word instead of "돌아가다."</p>
      examples:
        - ko: 캐나다에 언제 **돌아올** **거예요**?
          en: When are you **coming** **back** to Canada?
        - ko: 학생들은 다음 주에 학교에 **돌아와요**
          en: The students **return** to school next week
        - ko: 경찰관들은 경찰서에 **돌아왔어요**
          en: The police officers **returned** to the police station
        - ko: 거기에 가서 돈을 갖고 **돌아오세요**!
          en: Go over there, get the money and then **come back**!
        - ko: 모든 선생님들은 지금 회의 중이니 20분 후에 **돌아오**면 돼
          en: All the teachers are in a meeting now, so **come back** in 20 minutes

    - ko: 돌려주다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v28.mp3
      en: to give back
      notes: <p>A compound verb made up of "돌리다" and "주다"</p>
      examples:
        - ko: 저는 친구에게 책을 **돌려줬어요**
          audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/34.mp3
          en: I **gave** my friend **back** his book

    - ko: 걸다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v29.mp3
      en: to hang
      notes: |
        <p>걸다 follows the ㄹ irregular</p>
        <p>~아/어: 걸어, ~ㄴ/은: 건, ~ㄴ/는다: 건다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 겁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 걸, ~니: 거니, ~ㅁ/음: 검, ~(으)려고: 걸려고, ~(으)시: 거시, ~(으)면: 걸면, ~(으)니: 거니</p>
      usages:
        - ko: 시동을 걸다
          en: to start the engine of your car
      examples:
        - ko: 저는 사진을 벽에 **걸었어요**
          en: I **hung** a picture on the wall

    - ko: 주문하다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v30.mp3
      en: to order
      usages:
        - ko: 주문을 받다
          en: to receive an order
        - ko: 주문을 취소하다
          en: to cancel an order
      examples:
        - ko: 저기요! 지금 **주문할게요**!
          en: Excuse me! We would like to **order** now!
        - ko: 음료수를 **주문할**래요?
          en: Shall we **order** some drinks?
        - ko: 지금 **주문해**도 돼요?
          en: Can we/I **order** now?

    - ko: 결혼하다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v31.mp3
      en: to get married
      notes: <p>The noun form of this word translates to "marriage"</p>
      examples:
        - ko: 그녀는 아직 **결혼하지** 않았어요
          en: She still hasn't gotten **married** yet
        - ko: 그 부부는 50년 전에 **결혼했어요**
          en: That couple got **married** 50 years ago
        - ko: 우리는 올해 **결혼하고** 싶어요
          en: We want to get **married** this year
        - ko: 우리는 **결혼**식의 날짜를 아직 안 정했어요
          en: We still haven't set a date for the **wedding**

    - ko: 부르다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v32.mp3
      en: to call out
      notes: |
        <p>부르다 follows the 르 irregular</p>
        <p>When used to say that one "calls" something by a certain name, "라고" is usually used in the sentence. See <a href="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-3-lessons-51-58/lesson-52/">Lesson 52</a> for more information.</p>
        <p>~아/어: 불러, ~ㄴ/은: 부른, ~ㄴ/는다: 부른다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 부릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 부를, ~니: 부르니, ~ㅁ/음: 부름, ~(으)려고: 부르려고, ~(으)시: 부르시, ~(으)면: 부르면, ~(으)니: 부르니</p>
      examples:
        - ko: 저는 저의 여자 친구를 '애기'라고 **불러요**
          en: I **call** my girlfriend "baby"
        - ko: 저는 그의 이름을 **불렀어요**
          en: I **called** his name
        - ko: 저는 저의 누나를 **불렀어요**
          en: I **called** my sister

    - ko: 고르다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v33.mp3
      en: to choose, to pick
      notes: |
        <p>고르다 follows the 르 irregular</p>
        <p>~아/어: 골라, ~ㄴ/은: 고른, ~ㄴ/는다: 고른다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 고릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 고를, ~니: 고르니, ~ㅁ/음: 고름, ~(으)려고: 고르려고, ~(으)시: 고르시, ~(으)면: 고르면, ~(으)니: 고르니</p>
      examples:
        - ko: 저는 이것과 저젓 중에 **고를** 수 없어요
          en: I can't **choose** between the two
        - ko: 우리는 맛있는 고기를 **골라**서 같이 먹었어요
          en: We **chose** delicious meat then ate together
        - ko: 저는 두 번째 남자를 **골랐어요**
          en: I **chose** the second man

    - ko: 넣다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v34.mp3
      en: to insert, to put inside
      notes: <p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "너타"</p>
      examples:
        - ko: 저는 야채를 냉장고에 **넣었어요**
          en: I **put** the vegetables in the fridge
        - ko: 저는 핸드폰을 상자에 **넣었어요**
          en: I **put** the phone in the box
        - ko: 케이크 반죽에 밀가루를 **넣으세요**
          en: "**Put** some flour into the cake batter, please"

    - ko: 경험하다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v35.mp3
      en: to experience
      examples:
        - ko: 그는 어려운 삶을 **경험했어요**
          en: He **experienced** a difficult life
        - ko: 그 학교에서 일한 것은 좋은 **경험**이었어요
          en: Working at that school was good **experience**
        - ko: 제가 여기서 일하고 싶은 이유는 새로운 **경험**을 하고 싶기 때문이에요
          en: The reason I want to work here is because I want to have a new **experience**

    - ko: 설명하다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v36.mp3
      en: to explain
      notes: <p>The noun form of this word translates to "an explanation"</p>
      examples:
        - ko: 저는 어려운 내용을 천천히 **설명했어요**
          en: I **explained** the difficult content slowly
        - ko: 저는 선생님에게 숙제에 대한 **설명**을 요청했어요
          en: I asked the teacher for an **explanation** of the homework
        - ko: 저는 학생들한테 그것을 간단히 **설명했어요**
          en: I **explained** it simply to the students

    - ko: 자랑하다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v37.mp3
      en: to show off
      notes: <p>자랑스럽다 translates to "to be proud"</p>
      examples:
        - ko: "**자랑하**지 마세요!"
          en: Don't **show off**!
        - ko: 제 친구는 부자인 아버지를 **자랑했어요**
          en: My friend **boasted** about/was showing off his rich father

  passive_verbs:
    - ko: 걸리다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v38.mp3
      en: to be hanging
      notes: 걸리다 has many meanings. See below in this lesson for more information.
      examples:
        - ko: 그림은 벽에 **걸려** 있어요
          audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/54.mp3
          en: The picture is **hanging** on the wall

    - ko: 걸리다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v38.mp3
      en: to be caught, to be stuck, to be trapped
      examples:
        - ko: 나는 줄에 **걸렸어**
          audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/55.mp3
          en: I **tripped** over the line

    - ko: 걸리다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v38.mp3
      en: to catch a cold/sickness
      usages:
        - ko: 감기에 걸리다
          en: to catch a cold
        - ko: 독감에 걸리다
          en: to catch the flu
      examples:
        - ko: 저는 감기에 **걸렸어요**
          en: I **caught** a cold/I **have** a cold
        - ko: 모든 학생들은 감기에 **걸렸어요**
          en: All the students **have** a cold

    - ko: 걸리다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v38.mp3
      en: to "take" a certain amount of time
      usages:
        - ko: 한 시간 걸리다
          en: to take one hour
      examples:
        - ko: 서울부터 인천까지 두 시간 **걸려요**
          audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/56.mp3
          en: It **takes** two hours to get from Seoul to Incheon
        - ko: 우리 학교에서 식당까지 10분 **걸려요**
          audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/57-1.mp3
          en: It **takes** 10 minutes to get from our school to the restaurant

  adjectives:
    - ko: 똑같다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v39.mp3
      en: to be exactly the same
      notes: |
        <p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to “똑깓다”</p>
        <p>When comparing <span class="md spoiler">two things by saying they are the same</span>, it is more common to use 똑같다 instead of 같다. For example, instead of saying:</p>
        <ul>
        <li><s>저와 저의 형은 같아요</s></li>
        </ul>
        <p>It would be more natural to say:</p>
        <ul>
        <li>저와 저의 형은 똑같아요</li>
        </ul>
        <p>See below in this lesson for more information</p>
      examples:
        - ko: 우리가 **똑같은** 옷을 입고 있어요
          en: We are wearing **exactly** **the** **same** clothes
        - ko: 미국은 캐나다와 거의 **똑같아요**
          en: The US is almost the **same** as Canada

    - ko: 자랑스럽다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v40.mp3
      en: to be proud
      notes: |
        <p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "자랑스럽따"</p>
        <p>자랑스럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
        <p>자랑스럽다 is an adjective. To indicate that you are proud of something/somebody, the particle ~이/가 must be attached to the object of the sentence. See Lesson 15 for more information.</p>
        <p>~아/어: 자랑스러워, ~ㄴ/은: 자랑스러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 자랑스럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 자랑스러울, ~니: 자랑스러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 자랑스러움, ~(으)려고: 자랑스러우려고, ~(으)시: 자랑스러우시, ~(으)면: 자랑스러우면, ~(으)니: 자랑스러우니</p>
      examples:
        - ko: 저는 우리 아들이 **자랑스러워요**
          en: I am **proud** of our son
        - ko: 나는 네가 **자랑스러워**
          audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/15.mp3
          en: I am **proud** of you
        - ko: 저는 저의 딸이 아주 **자랑스러워요**
          en: I am very **proud** of my daughter
        - ko: 저는 학생들이 **자랑스러워요**
          en: I am **proud** of the students

    - ko: 또 다르다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v41.mp3
      en: another
      notes: |
        <p>The function of “또 다르다” is hard to explain, but it is easier to explain (and understand) if you think of it as two separate words (which it actually is). It is a combination of the adjective “다르다” and the adverb “또”, which is used when something happens again.</p>
        <p>“또 다르다” is used when one particular thing has already been described, and you are explaining <em>another</em> thing. For example, imagine you are sitting in a meeting with your coworkers discussing <span class="md spoiler">potential problems for a plan</span>. People are all discussing the problems they see, and you can point out:</p>
        <ul>
        <li><TTS>또 다른 문제는 그것이 비싸요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Another problem is it (that thing) is expensive</span></li>
        </ul>
        <p>In this same respect, you can say the following sentence, and although the translation in English is similar, try to understand the difference in adding “또”:</p>
        <ul>
        <li>저는 또 다른 영화를 봤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/50-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I saw ANother movie</span></li>
        </ul>
        <p>In this, maybe the person saw one movie, and then <em>again</em> saw a different movie.</p>
      examples:
        - ko: "**또 다른** 문제는 그것이 비싸요"
          en: "**Another** problem is it (that thing) is expensive"
        - ko: "저는 **또 다른** 영화를 봤어요"
          en: "I saw **another** movie"

    - ko: 시끄럽다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v42.mp3
      en: to be noisy, to be loud
      notes: |
        <p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "시끄럽따"</p>
        <p>시끄럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
        <p>~아/어: 시끄러워, ~ㄴ/은: 시끄러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 시끄럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 시끄러울, ~니: 시끄러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 시끄러움, ~(으)려고: 시끄러우려고, ~(으)시: 시끄러우시, ~(으)면: 시끄러우면, ~(으)니: 시끄러우니</p>
      usages:
        - ko: 시끄러운 학생
          en: loud students
        - ko: 시끄러운 음악
          en: loud music
        - ko: 시끄럽게 말하다
          en: to speak loudly
        - ko: 시끄럽게
          en: loudly
      examples:
        - ko: 학생들은 **시끄럽게** 공부했어요
          en: The students studied **loudly**
        - ko: 시끄러워서 **미안해요**
          en: "**Sorry** it is so loud!"
        - ko: 여기가 너무 **시끄러워**서 저는 집중할 수 없어요
          en: I can't concentrate here because it is too **loud**
        - ko: 영화를 보는 동안 다른 사람들이 너무 **시끄러웠어요**
          en: While watching the movie, the other people were really **loud**
        - ko: 학생들이 너무 **시끄러워**서 저는 교수님의 말을 못 들었어요
          en: The students were too **loud**, so I couldn't hear the professor

    - ko: 흔하다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v43.mp3
      en: to be common
      usages:
        - ko: 흔하지 않다
          en: uncommon
      examples:
        - ko: 덕석은 **흔하**지 않은 이름이에요
          en: '"덕석" is not a **common** name'

    - ko: 드물다
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v44.mp3
      en: to be rare
      notes: |
        <p>드물다 follows the ㄹ irregular</p>
        <p>~아/어: 드물어, ~ㄴ/은: 드문, ~ㅂ/습니다: 드뭅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 드물, ~니: 드무니, ~ㅁ/음: 드묾, ~(으)려고: 드물려고, ~(으)시: 드무시, ~(으)면: 드물면, ~(으)니: 드무니</p>
      usages:
        - ko: 드문 현상
          en: a rare phenomenon
      examples:
        - ko: 그 그림은 매우 **드물어요**
          en: That painting is really **rare**

  adverbs:
    - ko: 아마도
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v45.mp3
      en: maybe/might
      examples:
        - ko: "**아마도** 우리가 내일 갈 거예요"
          en: "**Maybe** we will go tomorrow"

sentence:
  좋다:
    - ko: 저는 **좋은** 김치를 먹었어요
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-1.mp3
      en: I ate **good** kimchi
    - ko: 김치는 **좋아요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/2-2.mp3
      en: Kimchi is **good**

    - ko: 저는 김치를 **좋아해요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/3.mp3
      en: I **like** Kimchi

    - ko: 김치는 **싫어요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/4-1.mp3
      en: Kimchi is **bad/not good**
    - ko: 저는 김치를 **싫어해요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/5-1.mp3
      en: I **don’t like** Kimchi

    - ko: 학교가 **좋아요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-4.mp3
      en: I **like** school
    - ko: 학교가 **싫어요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-5.mp3
      en: I **don’t like** school

    - ko: 맥주가 **좋아요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-6.mp3
      en: I **like** beer
    - ko: 맥주가 **싫어요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-7.mp3
      en: I **don’t like** beer

  SOA:
    - ko: 저는 김치를 **먹었어요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-8.mp3
      en: I **ate** kimchi

    - ko: 저는 김치가 **좋아요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/13.mp3
      en: I **like** kimchi

    - ko: 저는 한국 음식**이** 그리워요
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/14-1.mp3
      en: I miss Korean food
      notes: &soa-particle |
        Adjectives and passive verbs can never act on objects, so instead of using ~를/을 in these situations, you have to use ~이/가.

    - ko: 나는 네**가** 자랑스러워
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/15.mp3
      en: I am proud of you
      notes: *soa-particle
    - ko: 나는 그 사람**이** 싫어
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/16-1.mp3
      en: I don’t like that person
      notes: *soa-particle
    - ko: 저는 한국**이** 좋아요
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-9.mp3
      en: I like Korea
      notes: *soa-particle

    - ko: 저는 그것**이** 기억나요!
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-10.mp3
      en: I remember that!
      notes: *soa-particle
    - ko: 저는 땀**이** 나요!
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-11.mp3
      en: I’m sweating!
      notes: *soa-particle
    - ko: 저는 화**가** 났어요
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-12.mp3
      en: I was/I am angry
      notes: *soa-particle

  들다:
    - ko: 나는 동아리에 **들었어**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/21.mp3
      en: I **joined** a club (I **“entered”** a club)
      notes: &meaning-enter |
        들다 can be used under the overarching situation of “to enter/go into something/somewhere.”
    - ko: (나는) 잠이 **들었다**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/22.mp3
      en: I **fell asleep** (I **“entered”** sleep)
      notes: *meaning-enter
    - ko: 저는 그 그림이 마음에 **들어요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-13.mp3
      en: I **like** that picture (That picture **enters** my heart)
      notes:
        - *meaning-enter
        - The definition of the word 마음 generally refers to one’s heart/one’s mind

    - ko: 저는 손을 **들었어요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-14.mp3
      en: I **raised** my hand (I **“held up”** my hand/**carried** my hand)
      notes: &meaning-carry |
        들다 can be used under the overarching situation of “to carry/hold something.”
    - ko: 저는 가방을 **들었어요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-15.mp3
      en: I **carried** the/my bag
      notes: *meaning-carry

  compound:
    - ko: 아버지는 은행에 **들어갔어요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/26-1.mp3
      en: My dad **went into** the bank
      notes: |
        <ul>
        <li>들다 + 가다 = 들 + 어 + 가다
        <ul>
        <li>들어가다 = to go into something</li>
        </ul>
        </li>
        </ul>

    - ko: 남자는 방에 **들어왔어요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/27-1.mp3
      en: A man **came into** the room
      notes: |
        <ul>
        <li>들다 + 오다 = 들 + 어 + 오다
        <ul>
        <li>들어오다 = to come into something</li>
        </ul>
        </li>
        </ul>

    - ko: 저는 집에서 **나갔어요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-16.mp3
      en: I **went out** of home (I **left** home)
      notes: |
        <ul>
        <li>나다 + 가다 = 나 + 아 + 가다
        <ul>
        <li>나가다 = to go out of something</li>
        </ul>
        </li>
        </ul>

    - ko: 학생은 학교에서 **나왔어요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-17.mp3
      en: The student **came out** of school
      notes: |
        <ul>
        <li>나다 + 오다 = 나 + 아 + 오다
        <ul>
        <li>나오다 = to come out of something</li>
        </ul>
        </li>
        </ul>

    - ko: 나는 나의 숙제를 **가져왔어**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-18.mp3
      en: I **brought** my homework
      notes: &bring |
        <ul>
        <li>가지다 + 오다 = 가지 + 어 + 오다
        <ul>
        <li>가져오다 = to bring something</li>
        </ul>
        </li>
        </ul>

    - ko: 그 학생은 숙제를 **가져오지** 않았어
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/31.mp3
      en: That student didn’t **bring** his homework
      notes: *bring

    - ko: 저는 저의 모자를 **가져갈 거예요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-19.mp3
      en: I will **bring/take** my hat
      notes: |
        <ul>
        <li>가지다 + 가다 = 가지 + 어 + 가다
        <ul>
        <li>가져가다 = to take something</li>
        </ul>
        </li>
        </ul>

    - ko: 저는 9월1일에 캐나다에 **돌아갈 거예요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/33-1.mp3
      en: I will **go back** to Canada on September 1st
      notes:
        - &rotate |
          돌다 = to turn/to spin/to rotate
        - 돌다 + 가다 = 돌아가다 = to return/go back
    - ko: 저는 친구에게 책을 **돌려줬어요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/34.mp3
      en: I **gave** my friend **back** his book
      notes:
        - *rotate
        - 돌리다 + 주다 = 돌려주다 = to give back

  different:
    - ko: 그것은 **비슷해요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/35.mp3
      en: That is **similar**
    - ko: 우리는 매우 **달라요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/36.mp3
      en: We are so **different**

    - ko: 우리는 **똑같아요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-20.mp3
      en: We are **exactly the same**
      notes: in most cases (especially in cases like this where nothing is being compared), it is more natural to use the word “똑같다,” which usually translates to “exactly the same.”

    - ko: 저는 친구**와** 비슷해요
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/38.mp3
      en: I am similar **to** my friend
      notes: &sim-prep |
        In Korean, the particle ~와/과/랑/이랑/하고 can be used to represent all of these meanings.
    - ko: 그 건물은 어제**와** 달라요
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/39.mp3
      en: That building is different **from** yesterday
      notes: *sim-prep
    - ko: 캐나다 사람들은 한국 사람들**과** 같아요
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-21.mp3
      en: Canadian people are the same **as** Korean people
      notes: *sim-prep
    - ko: 이 학교는 우리 학교**와** 똑같아요
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-22.mp3
      en: This school is exactly the same **as** our school
      notes: *sim-prep

    - ko: 우리 학교**와** 이 학교는 똑같아요
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-24.mp3
      en: Our school **and** this school are exactly the same
      notes: *sim-prep

    - ko: 나는 **잘생**긴 남자를 만났어
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/43-2.mp3
      en: I met a **handsome** man
      notes: Subject – adjective (describing an) – object – verb

    - ko: 나는 **비슷**한 남자를 만났어
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/44-1.mp3
      en: I met a **similar** man
    - ko: 나는 **같**은 남자를 만났어
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-25.mp3
      en: I met **the same** man

    - ko: 나는 *너의 남자친구와 비슷한 남자*를 만났어
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/46-1.mp3
      en: I met **a man that is similar to your boyfriend**
      notes: |
        <ul>
        <li>비슷한 남자 = similar man</li>
        <li>너의 남자친구와 비슷한 남자 = A man (that is) similar to your boyfriend</li>
        <li>나는 ( — )를 만났어 = I met —</li>
        <li>나는 (너의 남자친구와 비슷한 남자)를 만났어 = I met a man that is similar to your boyfriend</li>
        </ul>

    - ko: 저는 **그와 달라요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-15-s1.mp3
      en: I am **different** from him
    - ko: 저는 다른 **영화**를 봤어요
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/48.mp3
      en: I saw a **different (another)** movie

    - ko: "**또 다른** 문제는 그것이 비싸요"
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-27.mp3
      en: "**Another** problem is it (that thing) is expensive"

    - ko: 저는 **또** 다른 영화를 봤어요
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/50-1.mp3
      en: I saw **another** movie
      notes:
        - try to understand the difference in adding “또”
        - In this, maybe the person saw one movie, and then again saw a different movie.

  homonym:
    - ko: 나는 편지를 친구를 위해 **쓸** 거야
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/51.mp3
      en: I am going to **write** a letter for my friend
    - ko: 나는 그 기계를 **썼어**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/52.mp3
      en: I **used** that machine
    - ko: 저의 아버지는 모자를 항상 **써요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/53.mp3
      en: My father always **wears** a hat

    - ko: 그림은 벽에 **걸려 있어요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/54.mp3
      en: The picture **is hanging** on the wall

    - ko: 나는 줄에 **걸렸어**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/55.mp3
      en: I **tripped over** the line

    - ko: 서울부터 인천까지 2시간 **걸려요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/56.mp3
      en: It **takes** 2 hours to get from Seoul to Incheon
    - ko: 우리 학교에서 식당까지 10분 **걸려요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/57-1.mp3
      en: It **takes** 10 minutes to get from our school to the restaurant

  sick:
    - ko: 배가 **아파요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/58-1.mp3
      en: My stomach is **sore**
    - ko: 팔이 **아파요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/59.mp3
      en: My arm is **sore**
    - ko: 저는 어제 너무 **아팠어요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/60.mp3
      en: I was very **sick** yesterday

    - ko: 저는 감기**에 걸렸어요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/61.mp3
      en: I **caught** a cold/I **have** a cold
    - ko: 저는 독감**에 걸렸어요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/62.mp3
      en: I **caught** the flu/I **have** the flu

    - ko: 저의 아들은 시끄럽게 **기침했어요**
      audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/63.mp3
      en: My son **coughed** loudly
      notes: 기침 (a cough) and 재채기 (a sneeze), although not originally nouns of Chinese origin, are both nouns where you can add 하다 to get the respective verb form (to cough and to sneeze).
---

# Lesson 15: 들다, Korean Homonyms, Being Sick, Different/Similar/Same

## Vocabulary

<VocabQuiz />

### Nouns

잠 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">sleep</span>

<Details>

Common Usages:

- <TTS>늦잠 자다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to sleep in</span>
- <TTS>낮잠 자다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to take a nap</span>
- <TTS>잠이 들다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to fall asleep</span>
- <TTS>잠에서 깨다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to be woken up from sleep</span>
- <TTS>겨울잠</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">hibernation</span>

Notes:

If you are just talking about sleeping, simply using the verb “<TTS>자다</TTS>” is usually appropriate. However, things related to sleep (sleeping in, waking up, falling asleep) usually use the word <TTS>잠</TTS>

Examples:

- 저는 항상 일요일에 늦**잠** 자요 = <span class="md spoiler">I always **sleep** in on Sundays</span>
- 저는 오늘 오후에 낮**잠**을 잤어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I took a **nap** in the afternoon today</span>
- 저는 **잠**이 안 들어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I can’t fall a**sleep**</span>

</Details>

모자 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">hat</span>

<Details>

Common Usages:

- <TTS>모자를 쓰다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to wear a hat</span>

Examples:

- 우리 학교에서 **모자**를 쓰지 마세요 = <span class="md spoiler">Don’t wear a **hat** in our school</span>
- 저의 아버지는 **모자**를 항상 써요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/53.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My father always wears a **hat**</span>
- 저는 저의 **모자**를 가져갈 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I will bring my **hat**</span>
- 그 사람은 너무 큰 **모자**를 써요 (쓰다) = <span class="md spoiler">That person is wearing too big of a **hat**</span>

</Details>

줄 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Lesson15vocabline.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">line, string, rope, queue</span>

<Details>

Common Usages:

- <TTS>줄넘기</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">jump rope</span>
- <TTS>줄에 서 있다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to be standing in line</span>

Examples:

- **줄**이 왜 이렇게 길어요? = <span class="md spoiler">Why is the **line** so big?</span>
- 나는 **줄**에 걸렸어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/55.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I tripped over the **line**</span>

</Details>

감기 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">a cold</span>

<Details>

Common Usages:

- <TTS>감기에 걸리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to catch a cold</span>

Examples:

- **감기**는 나았어요 = <span class="md spoiler">My **cold** is better</span>
- 따뜻하게 안 입으면 **감기**에 걸릴 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">If you don’t dress warm(ly), you will catch a **cold**</span>
- 우리 애기는 어제 **감기**에 걸렸어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Our baby caught a **cold** yesterday</span>

</Details>

기침 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v5.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">cough</span>

<Details>

Common Usages:

- <TTS>기침을 하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to cough</span>

Examples:

- 그는 심하게 **기침**을 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">He was **coughing** severely</span>
- 저의 아들은 시끄럽게 **기침**했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">My son was **coughing** loudly</span>

</Details>

설사 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">diarrhea</span>

<Details>

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “설싸”

Common Usages:

- <TTS>설사를 하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to have diarrhea</span>

Example:

- **설사**는 맛있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">**Diarrhea** is delicious</span>
- **설사**를 하는 것은 재미있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Having **diarrhea** is fun</span>

</Details>

독감 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v7.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">the flu</span>

<Details>

Common Usages:

- <TTS>독감에 걸리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to catch/have the flu</span>

Example:

- 모든 학생들은 **독감**에 걸렸어요 = <span class="md spoiler">All the students have the **flu**</span>

</Details>

재채기 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v8.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">sneeze</span>

<Details>

Common Usages:

- <TTS>재채기를 하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to sneeze</span>
- <TTS>재채기를 참다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to hold a sneeze</span>

Example:

- 나이가 많은 사람들은 항상 **재채기**를 시끄럽게 해요 = <span class="md spoiler">Old people always **sneeze** loudly</span>

</Details>

동아리 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v9.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">a club in school or university</span>

<Details>

Notes:

It’s hard to explain exactly what this is in English – but Korean high school students are usually forced to join a club at school. These clubs are called “동아리”

Example:

- 저는 댄스 **동아리**에 들었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I entered a dancing **club**</span>
- 무슨 **동아리** 해? = <span class="md spoiler">What **club** are you in?</span>

</Details>

취미 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v10.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">hobby</span>

<Details>

Common Usages:

- 취미 삼아…. 하다 = <span class="md spoiler">to do something as a hobby</span>

Example:

- **취미**가 뭐예요? = <span class="md spoiler">What are(is) your **hobbies**?</span>
- 저는 **취미**가 없어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t have any **hobbies**</span>

</Details>

수학 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v11.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">math</span>

<Details>

Common Usages:

- <TTS>수학수업</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">math class</span>
- <TTS>수학문제</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">math problem</span>
- <TTS>수학 교과서</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">math text book</span>

Examples:

- 저는 **수학**을 못해요 = <span class="md spoiler">I am bad at **math**</span>
- 저는 그 **수학**문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I solved that **math** problem using a paper and a pencil</span>
- **수학**은 제가 제일 좋아하는 수업이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">**Math** is my favorite class</span>

</Details>

가족 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v12.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">family</span>

<Details>

Common Usages:

- <TTS>우리 가족</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">our family</span>
- <TTS>가족용</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">something intended for use for families</span>
- <TTS>대가족</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">big family</span>

Examples:

- 저는 어제 **가족**을 만났어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I met my **family** yesterday</span>
- 우리 **가족**은 일요일마다 교회를 다녀요 = <span class="md spoiler">Our **family** goes to church every Sunday</span>
- **가족**은 가장 중요해요 = <span class="md spoiler">Family is the most **important**</span>
- 제가 미국에 있었을 때 **가족**을 보고 싶었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">When I was in the US, I missed my **family**</span>
- 저는 여자친구를 **가족**한테 소개했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I introduced my girlfriend to my **family**</span>

</Details>

실력 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v13.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">skills</span>

<Details>

Common Usages:

- <TTS>영어실력</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">English ability</span>
- <TTS>한국어실력</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Korean ability</span>
- <TTS>실력을 늘리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to increase one’s ability</span>
- <TTS>실력이 늘다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">for one’s ability to be increased</span>
- <TTS>실력이 떨어지다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">for one’s skills to go down</span>

Example:

- 그 학생은 또래보다 영어**실력**이 뒤처지고 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">That student is falling behind his peers in English **ability**</span>
- 저의 한국어**실력**은 작년보다 많이 늘었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">My Korean **skills** have gotten much better compared to last year</span>
- 열심히 공부한 이래로 **실력**은 빨리 늘었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Since studying hard, my **skills** have been increasing</span>

</Details>

사촌 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v14.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">cousin</span>

<Details>

Notes:

“사” represents that your cousins are four measures of “blood” away from you. Your uncles are one step closer, and therefore “삼” is used in the word “삼촌”

Example:

- 저의 **사촌**은 군대에 갔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">My **cousin** went to the army</span>

</Details>

삶 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v15.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">life</span>

<Details>

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “삼”

Common Usages:

- ~삶을 살다 = <span class="md spoiler">to live a life of~</span>
- <TTS>삶의 의미</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the meaning of life</span>

Examples:

- 그는 흥미로운 **삶**을 살아요 = <span class="md spoiler">He lives an interesting **life**</span>
- 그는 어려운 **삶**을 경험했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">He experienced a difficult **life**</span>

</Details>

맥주 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v16.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">beer</span>

<Details>

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “맥쭈”

Common Usages:

- <TTS>맥주 두 병</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">two bottles of beer</span>
- <TTS>맥주 두 잔</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">two glasses of beer</span>
- <TTS>생맥주</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">tap beer</span>

Example:

- **맥주** 한 병 주세요! = <span class="md spoiler">One bottle of **beer**, please!</span>
- 한국 사람들은 **맥주**를 자주 마시지 않아요 = <span class="md spoiler">Korean people don’t drink **beer** often</span>
- 아저씨! **맥주** 한 잔 주세요! = <span class="md spoiler">Sir! Give me one glass of **beer** please!</span>
- **맥주**가 싫어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t like **beer**</span>

</Details>

과거 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v17.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">past</span>

<Details>

Notes:

This can be used as an adverb to indicate something happened in the past. For example:

- 저는 **과거**에 그런 행동을 많이 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I acted like that a lot in the **past**</span>

It can also be used as a noun, for example:

- 그의 **과거**는 큰 비밀이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">His **past** is a big secret</span>

</Details>

마음 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v18.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">one’s heart/mind</span>

<Details>

Common Usages:

- <TTS>마음 대로</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">as one wishes</span>
- <TTS>마음에 들다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to like something (literally, for something to go into one’s heart)</span>
- <TTS>마음이 변하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to change one’s mind</span>
- <TTS>마음에 걸리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to feel guilty about something (for something to be caught in one’s heart)</span>
- <TTS>마음을 정하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to make up one’s mind</span>

Examples:

- 그 사람의 **마음**은 따뜻해요 = <span class="md spoiler">That person has a warm **heart**</span>
- 그것을 **마음** **대로** 하세요 = <span class="md spoiler">Do that **as you wish**</span>
- 저는 저 그림이 **마음에 들어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **like** that picture</span>

</Details>

그림 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Lesson15vpicture.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">picture, painting</span>

<Details>

Notes:

This word isn’t used to refer to a picture that one takes with a camera. Use “<TTS>사진</TTS>” for that word.

Common Usages:

- <TTS>그림을 그리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to draw a picture</span>
- <TTS>그림자</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">shadow</span>

Examples:

- **그림**은 벽에 걸려 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/54.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The **picture** is hanging on the wall</span>
- 저는 그 **그림**이 마음에 들어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I like that **picture**</span>
- **그** 그림은 높은 가치가 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">That **picture** has a high value</span>
- 그 학생은 그림을 잘 그리는 재능을 가지고 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">That student has a talent for **drawing** (**pictures**)</span>
- 그 **그림**을 볼 때 배경이 무슨 의미가 있는지 생각해 보세요 = <span class="md spoiler">When you look at the **painting,** try to think about what meaning the background has</span>

</Details>

속 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v46.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">inside</span>

<Details>

Common Usages:

- <TTS>물속</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">inside the water</span>
- <TTS>뱃속</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">inside a stomach/belly</span>
- <TTS>꿈속에</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">in one’s dream</span>

Notes:

Korean people can’t explain the difference between <TTS>안</TTS> and <TTS>속</TTS>.

속 is more commonly used when, if you enter something, the place will be <span class="md spoiler">filled with stuff and is not “empty”</span>. Conversely, “안” would be more commonly used when, if you enter something, the place is <span class="md spoiler">basically empty</span>.

For example, if you enter water or if you enter your body. In both cases, “속” would be used to refer to the inside of a body, or the inside of water. If you enter your body, it is filled with stuff, and if you enter the water, it is still all water.

The opposite is if you are talking about a room, or a building. You can go into those places and it is relatively empty.

Example:

- 저는 **속**이 안 좋아요 = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t feel good (my **insides** aren’t good)</span>

</Details>

### Verbs

들다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v19.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to lift, to carry, to hold</span>

<Details>

들다 follows the ㄹ irregular

Common Usages:

- <TTS>고개를 들다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to raise one’s head</span>
- <TTS>손을 들다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to raise one’s hand</span>
- <TTS>들어올리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to raise something/put it up</span>

Notes:

들다 can be used in many different ways. “<span class="md spoiler">to lift/carry/hold something</span>” is one of the main overarching usages. See below in this lesson for more information

Examples:

- 저는 바닥에 있는 박스를 **들었어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **lifted** the box on the floor</span>
- 그는 고개를 **들었어요** = <span class="md spoiler">He **lifted** his head</span>
- 저는 손을 **들었어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **raised** my hand</span>
- 저는 가방을 **들었어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **carried** the/my bag</span>

</Details>

들다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v20.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to enter, to go into</span>

<Details>

들다 follows the ㄹ irregular

Notes:

들다 can be used in many different ways. “<span class="md spoiler">to enter, go into</span>” is one of the main overarching usages. See below in this lesson for more information

Common Usages:

- <TTS>들어가다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to go in</span>
- <TTS>들어오다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to come in</span>

Examples:

- 나는 동아리에 **들었어** <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/21.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I **joined** a club</span>
- 저는 잠이 **들었어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **fell** asleep (I **“entered”** sleep)</span>
- 저는 그 그림이 마음에 **들어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **like** that picture (That picture **enters** my heart)</span>

</Details>

가져오다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v21.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to bring an object</span>

<Details>

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “가저오다”

This is not used when you “bring” a person somewhere. Instead, the word “<TTS>데려오다</TTS>” is used

가져오다 often translates to “<span class="md spoiler">to bring</span>” and 가져가다 often translates to “to take.” However, the translation of “to bring” could work for both 가져오다 and 가져가다.

가지다 means “<span class="md spoiler">to possess</span>” and “오다” and “가다” mean “to come” and “to go” respectively. Deciding to use 가져오다 or 가져가다 depends on <span class="md spoiler">the point of reference of the acting agent</span> in the sentence to the speaker. Specifically, whether the acting agent is coming or going to the location in question.

Imagine you have money at your house, and you will go to your friend’s house later to give it to him. Therefore, you will have to “bring” or “take” (same meaning) that money with you when you head over there. If you are currently at your house and are talking to your friend about what you will do, you should use the word “가져가다” because you are going to your friend’s house while in possession of the money (저는 돈을 가져갈 거예요). In this example, 가져가다 is used and the best English translation would be “I will bring the money.”

However, imagine you have already arrived at your friend’s house with the money. You can use the word “가져오다” because you came to your friend’s house while in possession of the money (<TTS>저는 돈을 가져왔어요</TTS>). In this example, 가져오다 is used and the best English translation would be “<span class="md spoiler">I brought the money</span>.”

People would read those two examples and think “Oh, so if it is something happening in the future – I should use 가져가다 and if it is something happening in the past, I should use 가져오다.”

No. It has nothing to do with the tense of the sentence. It has everything to do with the point of reference of the acting agent of the sentence to the speaker.

For example, imagine you are at your house with the money. If your friend wants to tell you to “<span class="md spoiler">bring the money</span>,” he should use the word “<TTS>가져오다</TTS>” because you are coming (not going) to him. To his reference, you are “coming.” In this case, 가져오다 should be used.

Examples:

- 저는 저의 숙제를 **가져왔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **brought** my homework</span>
- 저는 지갑을 안 **가져왔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t **bring** my wallet</span>
- 저는 친구가 사과를 **가져오**는 것을 원해요 = <span class="md spoiler">I want my friend to **bring** apples</span>
- 비가 올 까봐 우산을 **가져왔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **brought** an umbrella because I was worried that it was going to rain</span>

</Details>

가져가다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to bring/take an object</span>

<Details>

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “가저가다”

This is not used when you “take” a person somewhere. Instead, the word “데려가다” is used

가져오다 often translates to “to bring” and 가져가다 often translates to “to take.” However, the translation of “to bring” could work for both 가져오다 and 가져가다.

가지다 means “to possess” and “오다” and “가다” mean “to come” and “to go” respectively. Deciding to use 가져오다 or 가져가다 depends on the point of reference of the acting agent in the sentence to the speaker. Specifically, whether the acting agent is coming or going to the location in question.

Imagine you have money at your house, and you will go to your friend’s house later to give it to him. Therefore, you will have to “bring” or “take” (same meaning) that money with you when you head over there. If you are currently at your house and are talking to your friend about what you will do, you should use the word “가져가다” because you are going to your friend’s house while in possession of the money (저는 돈을 가져갈 거예요). In this example, 가져가다 is used and the best English translation would be “I will bring the money.”

However, imagine <span class="md spoiler">you have already arrived at your friend’s house with the money</span>. You can use the word “가져오다” because you came to your friend’s house while in possession of the money (<TTS>저는 돈을 가져왔어요</TTS>). In this example, 가져오다 is used and the best English translation would be “I brought the money.”

People would read those two examples and think “Oh, so if it is something happening in the future – I should use 가져가다 and if it is something happening in the past, I should use 가져오다.”

No. It has nothing to do with the tense of the sentence. It has everything to do with the point of reference of the acting agent of the sentence to the speaker.

For example, imagine you are at your house with the money. If your friend wants to tell you to “bring the money,” he should use the word “가져오다” because you are coming (not going) to him. To his reference, you are “coming.” In this case, 가져오다 should be used.

Examples:

- 얼마나 많은 돈을 **가져갈** **거예요**? = <span class="md spoiler">How much money will you **bring/take**?</span>
- 날씨가 너무 더울 것이기 때문에 반바지를 **가져갈** **거예요** = <span class="md spoiler">I am going to **bring/take** shorts because the weather will be hot</span>

</Details>

돌리다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v23.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to turn, to run a machine, to hand out</span>

<Details>

This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 14]

<YouTube id=b8X6ryrJGeY />

Common Usages:

- <TTS>세탁기를 돌리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to turn on, use a washing machine</span>
- <TTS>기계를 돌리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to use a machine</span>
- <TTS>A를 돌리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to distribute something</span>

Examples:

- 저는 밤에 세탁기를 **돌렸어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **ran** my laundry machine at night</span>
- 저는 친구들에게 선물을 **돌렸어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **distributed**/handed out presents to my friends</span>

</Details>

돌다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v24.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to turn oneself, to rotate oneself</span>

<Details>

돌다 follows the ㄹ irregular

Common Usages:

- <TTS>돌아가다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to go back</span>
- <TTS>돌아오다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to come back</span>

Notes:

돌리다 is used when one turns an object. 돌다 can be used when one turns <span class="md spoiler">his/her body</span>.

Examples:

- 캐나다에 언제 **돌아올** **거예요**? = <span class="md spoiler">When are you **coming** **back** to Canada?</span>
- 우리는 사거리에서 왼쪽으로 **돌았어요** = <span class="md spoiler">We **turned** left at the intersection</span>

</Details>

돌아보다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v25.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to look back</span>

<Details>

Notes: A compound verb made up of “돌다” and “보다”

Example:

- 저는 그녀를 **돌아봤어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **looked back** at her</span>

</Details>

돌아가다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v26.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to go back, to return</span>

<Details>

Notes:

A compound verb made up of “돌다” and “가다.” If you are currently in a place and are talking about returning to another place. For example, if you are from Canada but currently in Korea and talking about <span class="md spoiler">returning to Canada (i.e. going back to Canada)</span>, you should use this word instead of “돌아오다.”

Common Usages:

- <TTS>돌아가시다</TTS> = A formal way to say somebody has “<span class="md spoiler">passed away</span>” (the honorific ~(으)시 is introduced in Lesson 39)

Examples:

- 저는 언젠가 고향에 **돌아가**고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to **go back** to my hometown some day</span>
- 저는 9월1일에 캐나다에 **돌아갈** **거예요** <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/33-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will **go back** to Canada on September 1st</span>
- 무슨 일이 벌어지든지 간에 제가 집에 **돌아가**야 돼요 = <span class="md spoiler">Regardless of what happens, I need to **go back**/**return** home</span>

</Details>

돌아오다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v27.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to come back, to return</span>

<Details>

Notes:

A compound verb made up of “돌다” and “오다.” If you are currently in a place and are talking about returning to the same place. For example, if you are <span class="md spoiler">from Canada talking about returning to Canada</span> (i.e. coming back to Canada), you should use this word instead of “돌아가다.”

Examples:

- 캐나다에 언제 **돌아올** **거예요**? = <span class="md spoiler">When are you **coming** **back** to Canada?</span>
- 학생들은 다음 주에 학교에 **돌아와요** = <span class="md spoiler">The students **return** to school next week</span>
- 경찰관들은 경찰서에 **돌아왔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">The police officers **returned** to the police station</span>
- 거기에 가서 돈을 갖고 **돌아오세요**! = <span class="md spoiler">Go over there, get the money and then **come back**!</span>
- 모든 선생님들은 지금 회의 중이니 20분 후에 **돌아오**면 돼 = <span class="md spoiler">All the teachers are in a meeting now, so **come back** in 20 minutes</span>

</Details>

돌려주다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v28.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to give back</span>

<Details>

Notes:

A compound verb made up of “돌리다” and “주다”

Example:

- 저는 친구에게 책을 **돌려줬어요** <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/34.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I **gave** my friend **back** his book</span>

</Details>

걸다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v29.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to hang</span>

<Details>

걸다 follows the ㄹ irregular

Common Usages:

- <TTS>시동을 걸다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to start the engine of your car</span>

Example:

- 저는 사진을 벽에 **걸었어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **hung** a picture on the wall</span>

</Details>

주문하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v30.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to order</span>

<Details>

Common Usages:

- <TTS>주문을 받다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to receive an order</span>
- <TTS>주문을 취소하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to cancel an order</span>

Examples:

- 저기요! 지금 **주문할게요**! = <span class="md spoiler">Excuse me! We would like to **order** now!</span>
- 음료수를 **주문할**래요? = <span class="md spoiler">Shall we **order** some drinks?</span>
- 지금 **주문해**도 돼요? = <span class="md spoiler">Can we/I **order** now?</span>

</Details>

결혼하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v31.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to get married</span>

<Details>

The noun form of this word translates to “<span class="md spoiler">marriage</span>”

Examples:

- 그녀는 아직 **결혼하지** 않았어요 = <span class="md spoiler">She still hasn’t gotten **married** yet</span>
- 그 부부는 50년 전에 **결혼했어요** = <span class="md spoiler">That couple got **married** 50 years ago</span>
- 우리는 올해 **결혼하고** 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">We want to get **married** this year</span>
- 우리는 **결혼**식의 날짜를 아직 안 정했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">We still haven’t set a date for the **wedding**</span>

</Details>

부르다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v32.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to call out</span>

<Details>

부르다 follows the 르 irregular

Notes:

When used to say that one <span class="md spoiler">“calls” something by a certain name</span>, “<TTS>라고</TTS>” is usually used in the sentence. See [Lesson 52](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-3-lessons-51-58/lesson-52/) for more information.

Examples:

- 저는 저의 여자 친구를 ‘애기’라고 **불러요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **call** my girlfriend “baby”</span>
- 저는 그의 이름을 **불렀어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **called** his name</span>
- 저는 저의 누나를 **불렀어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **called** my sister</span>

</Details>

고르다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v33.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to choose, to pick</span>

<Details>

고르다 follows the 르 irregular

Example:

- 저는 이것과 저젓 중에 **고를** 수 없어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I can’t **choose** between the two</span>
- 우리는 맛있는 고기를 **골라**서 같이 먹었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">We **chose** delicious meat then ate together</span>
- 저는 두 번째 남자를 **골랐어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **chose** the second man</span>

</Details>

넣다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v34.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to insert, to put inside</span>

<Details>

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “너타”

Examples:

- 저는 야채를 냉장고에 **넣었어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **put** the vegetables in the fridge</span>
- 저는 핸드폰을 상자에 **넣었어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **put** the phone in the box</span>
- 케이크 반죽에 밀가루를 **넣으세요** = <span class="md spoiler">**Put** some flour into the cake batter, please</span>

</Details>

경험하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v35.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to experience</span>

<Details>

Example:

- 그는 어려운 삶을 **경험했어요** = <span class="md spoiler">He **experienced** a difficult life</span>
- 그 학교에서 일한 것은 좋은 **경험**이었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Working at that school was good **experience**</span>
- 제가 여기서 일하고 싶은 이유는 새로운 **경험**을 하고 싶기 때문이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">The reason I want to work here is because I want to have a new **experience**</span>

</Details>

설명하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v36.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to explain</span>

<Details>

The noun form of this word translates to “<span class="md spoiler">an explanation</span>”

Example:

- 저는 어려운 내용을 천천히 **설명했어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **explained** the difficult content slowly</span>
- 저는 선생님에게 숙제에 대한 **설명**을 요청했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I asked the teacher for an **explanation** of the homework</span>
- 저는 학생들한테 그것을 간단히 **설명했어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **explained** it simply to the students</span>

</Details>

자랑하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v37.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to show off</span>

<Details>

Notes:

<TTS>자랑스럽다</TTS> translates to “<span class="md spoiler">to be proud</span>”

Example:

- **자랑하**지 마세요! = <span class="md spoiler">Don’t **show off**!</span>
- 제 친구는 부자인 아버지를 **자랑했어요** = <span class="md spoiler">My friend **boasted** about/was showing off his rich father</span>

</Details>

### Passive verbs

걸리다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v38.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be hanging</span>

<Details>

Notes:

걸리다 has many meanings. See below in this lesson for more information.

Example:

- 그림은 벽에 **걸려** 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/54.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The picture is **hanging** on the wall</span>

</Details>

걸리다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v38.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be caught, to be stuck, to be trapped</span>

<Details>

Example:

- 나는 줄에 **걸렸어** <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/55.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I **tripped** over the line</span>

</Details>

걸리다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v38.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to catch a cold/sickness</span>

<Details>

Common Usages:

- <TTS>감기에 걸리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to catch a cold</span>
- <TTS>독감에 걸리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to catch the flu</span>

Example:

- 저는 감기에 **걸렸어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **caught** a cold/I **have** a cold</span>
- 모든 학생들은 감기에 **걸렸어요** = <span class="md spoiler">All the students **have** a cold</span>

</Details>

걸리다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v38.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to “take” a certain amount of time</span>

<Details>

Common Usages:

- <TTS>한 시간 걸리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to take one hour</span>

Example:

- 서울부터 인천까지 두 시간 **걸려요** <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/56.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">It **takes** two hours to get from Seoul to Incheon</span>
- 우리 학교에서 식당까지 10분 **걸려요** <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/57-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">It **takes** 10 minutes to get from our school to the restaurant</span>

</Details>

### Adjectives

똑같다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v39.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be exactly the same</span>

<Details>

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “똑깓다”

Notes:

When comparing <span class="md spoiler">two things by saying they are the same</span>, it is more common to use 똑같다 instead of 같다. For example, instead of saying:

- ~~저와 저의 형은 같아요~~

It would be more natural to say:

- 저와 저의 형은 똑같아요

See below in this lesson for more information

Example:

- 우리가 **똑같은** 옷을 입고 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">We are wearing **exactly** **the** **same** clothes</span>
- 미국은 캐나다와 거의 **똑같아요** = <span class="md spoiler">The US is almost the **same** as Canada</span>

</Details>

자랑스럽다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v40.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be proud</span>

<Details>

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “자랑스럽따”

자랑스럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular

Notes:

자랑스럽다 is an adjective. To indicate that <span class="md spoiler">you are proud of something/somebody</span>, the particle ~이/가 must be attached to the object of the sentence. See Lesson 15 for more information.

Example:

- 저는 우리 아들이 **자랑스러워요** = <span class="md spoiler">I am **proud** of our son</span>
- 나는 네가 **자랑스러워** <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/15.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I am **proud** of you</span>
- 저는 저의 딸이 아주 **자랑스러워요** = <span class="md spoiler">I am very **proud** of my daughter</span>
- 저는 학생들이 **자랑스러워요** = <span class="md spoiler">I am **proud** of the students</span>

</Details>

또 다르다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v41.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">another</span>

<Details>

Notes:

The function of “또 다르다” is hard to explain, but it is easier to explain (and understand) if you think of it as two separate words (which it actually is). It is a combination of the adjective “다르다” and the adverb “또”, which is used when something happens again.

“또 다르다” is used when one particular thing has already been described, and you are explaining _another_ thing. For example, imagine you are sitting in a meeting with your coworkers discussing <span class="md spoiler">potential problems for a plan</span>. People are all discussing the problems they see, and you can point out:

- <TTS>또 다른 문제는 그것이 비싸요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Another problem is it (that thing) is expensive</span>

In this same respect, you can say the following sentence, and although the translation in English is similar, try to understand the difference in adding “또”:

- 저는 또 다른 영화를 봤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/50-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I saw ANother movie</span>

In this, maybe the person saw one movie, and then _again_ saw a different movie.

</Details>

시끄럽다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v42.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be noisy, to be loud</span>

<Details>

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “시끄럽따”

시끄럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular

Common Usages:

- <TTS>시끄러운 학생</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">loud students</span>
- <TTS>시끄러운 음악</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">loud music</span>
- <TTS>시끄럽게 말하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to speak loudly</span>
- <TTS>시끄럽게</TTS> - <span class="md spoiler">loudly</span>

Example:

- 학생들은 **시끄럽게** 공부했어요 = The students studied **loudly**
- 시끄러워서 **미안해요** = **Sorry** it is so loud!
- 여기가 너무 **시끄러워**서 저는 집중할 수 없어요 = I can’t concentrate here because it is too **loud**
- 영화를 보는 동안 다른 사람들이 너무 **시끄러웠어요** = While watching the movie, the other people were really **loud**
- 학생들이 너무 **시끄러워**서 저는 교수님의 말을 못 들었어요 = The students were too **loud**, so I couldn’t hear the professor

</Details>

흔하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v43.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be common</span>

<Details>

Common Usages:

- <TTS>흔하지 않다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">uncommon</span>

Example:

- 덕석은 **흔하**지 않은 이름이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">“덕석” is not a **common** name</span>

</Details>

드물다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v44.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be rare</span>

<Details>

드물다 follows the ㄹ irregular

Common Usages:

- <TTS>드문 현상</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">a rare phenomenon</span>

Example:

- 그 그림은 매우 **드물어요** = <span class="md spoiler">That painting is really **rare**</span>

</Details>

### Adverbs and Other words

아마도 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v45.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">maybe/might</span>

<Details>

Example:

- **아마도** 우리가 내일 갈 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">**Maybe** we will go tomorrow</span>

</Details>

For help memorizing these words, try using our [mobile app](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/app/).

You might also want to try listening to all of the words on loop with this [Vocabulary Practice video]

<YouTube id=o9B6bMJvFM8 />

<em>There are 1050 vocabulary entries in Unit 1. All entries are linked to an audio file.
You can download all of these files in one package [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/audio/).</em>

## Introduction

<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" />

This lesson will have a very different feel than all the previous lessons you have learned. Most of the words you have learned so far can be understood and used in sentences without much thought or hesitation. For example, if you knew how to say this:

- 저는 한국어를 배웠어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I learned Korean.</span>

And then subsequently learned “공부하다” (<span class="md spoiler">to study</span>), it would be easy to figure out that you could also say:

- 저는 한국어를 공부했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I studied Korean.</span>

However, there are many words that you would not be able to pick up instinctively because they follow different rules or patterns. In this lesson, I want to teach you about some of these words. I also want to use this lesson as a means to teach you some small concepts in Korean that you should know. These concepts are important, but are too small to have an entire lesson dedicated to that one concept. So, I have included them in this “miscellaneous” lesson:

## 좋다/싫다 to 좋아하다/싫어하다

<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="좋다" />

I have told you a few times that in _most_ words ending in 하다, you can remove the ~하다 and the remaining word then becomes a noun of that verb. For example:

- <TTS>말</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">speech/words/the thing that you say</span>
- 말하다 = <span class="md spoiler">to speak</span>

---

- <TTS>주문</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">an order</span>
- 주문하다 = <span class="md spoiler">to order</span>

---

- <TTS>결혼</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">marriage</span>
- 결혼하다 = <span class="md spoiler">to marry</span>

---

- <TTS>존경</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">respect</span>
- 존경하다 = <span class="md spoiler">to respect</span>

This cannot be done with <TTS>좋아하다</TTS> and <TTS>싫어하다</TTS>. That is:

- 좋아 is not a noun that means “likeness” (or whatever), and
- 싫어 is not a noun that means “dis-likeness “(or whatever)

Note, however that 좋아 and 싫어 _can_ be found in sentences, but only as conjugated forms of 좋다/싫다 and not as the noun form of 좋아하다 and 싫어하다. You learned in previous lessons that 좋다 and 싫다 are adjectives. As adjectives, they can describe an upcoming noun or predicate a sentence. For example:

- 저는 좋은 김치를 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate good kimchi</span>
- 김치는 좋아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/2-2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Kimchi is good</span>

*Just a quick note. Only in rare cases would you actually say ‘*김치는 좋아요._’ In most cases if you wanted to describe_ 김치 _by saying it was good, you would use the word_ 맛있다 _instead. You would only really use this sentence if you/somebody was talking about something bad (like maybe something bad for your health), and then you could say “… is bad, but Kimchi is good.” Nonetheless, it is grammatically correct, and I am specifically using this sentence to make a point that you will understand later in the lesson._

- 좋아하다 is made by adding ~아/어하다 to the stem of 좋다.

This changes 좋다 from an adjective (<span class="md spoiler">good</span>) to a verb (<span class="md spoiler">to like</span>). Likewise,

- 싫어하다 is made by adding ~아/어하다 to the stem of 싫다.

This changes 싫다 from an adjective (<span class="md spoiler">not good</span>) to a verb (<span class="md spoiler">to dislike</span>).

It would be good to note that you can add ~아/어하다 with some other adjectives as well. <TTS>좋다</TTS> and <TTS>싫다</TTS> are the most common (and the most important) to worry about right now, but other common examples are:

- <TTS>부끄럽다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">shy (this is an adjective)</span>
- <TTS>부끄러워하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">shy (this is a verb)</span>

---

- <TTS>부럽다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">envious (this is an adjective)</span>
- <TTS>부러워하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">envious (this is a verb)</span>

Aside from knowing that one is <span class="md spoiler">a verb and one is an adjective</span>, you don’t need to worry about these other words right now. I talk more about this concept and how they are used differently, but not until much later in [Lesson 105](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-5/lessons-101-108/lesson-105a/). For now, let’s just focus on 좋아하다 and 싫어하다.

As a verb, 좋아하다 can be used to indicate that one “<span class="md spoiler">likes</span>” something. For example:

- 김치는 좋아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/2-2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Kimchi is good</span>
- 저는 김치를 좋아해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I like Kimchi</span>

Likewise, 싫어하다 can be used to indicate that one “<span class="md spoiler">dislikes</span>” something. For example:

- 김치는 싫어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/4-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Kimchi is bad/not good</span>
- 저는 김치를 싫어해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/5-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t like Kimchi</span>

However, the use of “좋다” and “싫다” in these sentences is commonly used to say:

- 김치가 좋아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I like Kimchi</span>
- 김치가 싫어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t like Kimchi</span>

Or, other examples:

- 학교가 좋아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I like school</span>
- 학교가 싫어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-5.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t like school</span>

---

- 맥주가 좋아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I like beer</span>
- 맥주가 싫어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-7.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t like beer</span>

The mechanics to how this is done is talked about next.

## Subject – Object – Adjective Form

<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="SOA" />

One of the basic fundamentals of grammar (not just Korean grammar) is that an adjective cannot act on an object. This means in Korean you can never have a sentence predicated by an adjective that is acting on a word with the object particle ~를/을. This means that you cannot say this:

- ~~저는 김치를 좋다~~ = I kimchi good

_(this doesn’t make sense in either language)_

But, you can say any of these:

- 저는 김치를 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-8.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate kimchi</span>

_An object predicated by a verb_

- 김치가 좋아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">kimchi is good</span>

A _subject_ predicated by an adjective

- 저는 좋은 김치를 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate good kimchi</span>

_An object being described by an adjective predicated by a verb_

That being said, sometimes, Korean people actually DO make sentences that are predicated by adjectives and also have an “object.” Remember though, you cannot (100% cannot) use an adjective to act on an object. So how do Korean people say this? They do so by <span class="md spoiler">adding ~이/가 to the object instead of ~을/를</span>. This technically makes the grammar within the sentence correct because there is not an adjective acting on an object. Take a look at the example:

- 김치는 좋아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/2-2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Kimchi is good</span>
- 저는 김치를 좋아해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I like kimchi</span>, which can also be said like this
- 저는 김치가 좋아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/13.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I like kimchi</span>

What I am trying to get at here – is that often times in Korean there is an adjective or passive verb that acts on objects. However, these adjective/passive verbs must (of course) always be treated as an adjective or passive verb.

Adjectives and passive verbs can never act on objects, so instead of using ~를/을 in these situations, you have to use ~이/가. Another example where this is commonly done is with <TTS>그립다</TTS>:

그립다 = this word is translated as “<span class="md spoiler">to miss</span>,” but is usually used when <span class="md spoiler">talking about missing a non-person</span> (it is sometimes used to say that you miss a person, but we will talk about how to say you miss a person in [Lesson 17](./17-connecting-want.md)).

그립다 is an _adjective_ in Korean (because it actually describes <span class="md spoiler">the feeling rather than an action verb</span>). This means that if you want to say “I miss Korean food” you cannot say:

- ~~저는 한국 음식**을** 그리워요.~~

Instead, you must say:

- 저는 한국 음식**이** 그리워요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/14-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I miss Korean food</span>

More examples. Notice that the predicating word of each sentence in an adjective:

- 나는 네가 자랑스러워 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/15.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I am proud of you</span>
- 나는 그 사람이 싫어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/16-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t like that person</span>
- 저는 한국이 좋아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-9.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I like Korea</span>

You also saw this same phenomenon in the [previous lesson](./14-passive.md) with passive verbs. Remember, you cannot have a passive verb act on an object. Therefore, we saw the following types of examples in the previous lesson:

- 저는 그것이 기억나요! <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-10.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I remember that!</span>
- 저는 땀이 나요! <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-11.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I’m sweating!</span>
- 저는 화가 났어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-12.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I was/I am angry</span>

## 들다

<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="들다" />

The word 들다 in Korean is very difficult because it can be used in so many ways. Two of the most common usages are:

- 들다 = <span class="md spoiler">to carry/hold something</span>
- 들다 = <span class="md spoiler">to enter/go into something/somewhere</span>

Both of these usages are overarching situations that most of the usages of 들다 can fit into. The difficulty with 들다 is, because it can be used in so many different ways, it is often hard to come up with a translation that fits all possible situations. Let me show you three examples of how 들다 can be used under the overarching situation of “to enter/go into something/somewhere.”

- 나는 동아리에 들었어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/21.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I joined a club (I “entered” a club)</span>
- (나는) 잠이 들었다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I fell asleep (I “entered” sleep)</span>
- 저는 그 그림이 마음에 들어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-13.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I like that picture (That picture enters my heart)</span>
  - _The definition of the word_ <TTS>마음</TTS> _generally refers to <span class="md spoiler">one’s heart/one’s mind</span>_

Now, let me show you examples of how 들다 can be used under the overarching situation of “to carry/hold something.”

- 저는 손을 들었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-14.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I raised my hand (I “held up” my hand/carried my hand)</span>
- 저는 가방을 들었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-15.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I carried the/my bag</span>

Okay, so what’s my point(s)?

Well, I have three points actually.

1. First, I wanted to introduce how 들다 can be used. With a general understanding of the two overarching usages presented here (along with the specific situations outlined in the example sentences), you should be able to tackle most usages of 들다 as you continue to study more advanced sentences.

2. This is really crucial to your development of Korean and how it relates to the meanings you have of words from your understanding of English. You have to realize that Korean and English are fundamentally different, and it is very difficult to translate sentences sometimes. In cases like these, you should try not to translate the meaning of a word directly into a specific definition. Rather, you should be open to the fact that it can have many meanings depending on the context.

For example, imagine if you knew the following words and their definitions:

- <TTS>저</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I/me</span>
- <TTS>마음</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">heart/mind</span>
- <TTS>들다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">enter</span>
- <TTS>그림</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">picture</span>

And you saw the following sentence:

- 저는 그 그림이 마음에 들어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-13.mp3" />

Would you be able to understand its meaning if I had not explained it to you earlier? Many learners of Korean might read that and say “Well, it looks like that person has a picture entering his heart/mind… but I’m not quite sure what that means.”

This is the first of many times where I will encourage you to not translate/understand sentences literally. Instead, try to understand what the meaning of a sentence _could_ be based on your understanding of the words within it. For example, if you come across the word “들다” in your studies, realize that it can have many usages – and just because it doesn’t immediately look like it will translate to “enter” or “carry,” an open mind might allow you to see things in different ways.

3. I specifically wanted to teach you the meaning of 들다 because it is commonly used in compound words, which I will talk about in the next section.

## Compound Verbs

<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="compound" />

You will notice (or may have already noticed) that many Korean verbs are made by combining two verbs together. This is usually done by adding one verb to the stem of the other, along with ~아/어. When this happens, the meanings of both of the words form to make one word. For example:

---

- 들다 = <span class="md spoiler">to enter something</span>
- 가다 = <span class="md spoiler">to go</span>
- 들다 + 가다 = 들 + 어 + 가다
  - <TTS>들어가다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to go into something</span>
- 아버지는 은행에 들어갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/26-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My dad went into the bank</span>

---

- 들다 = <span class="md spoiler">to enter something</span>
- 오다 = <span class="md spoiler">to come</span>
- 들다 + 오다 = 들 + 어 + 오다
  - <TTS>들어오다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to come into something</span>
- 남자는 방에 들어왔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/27-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">A man came into the room</span>

---

- 나다 = <span class="md spoiler">to arise out of something/come up/come out</span>
- 가다 = <span class="md spoiler">to go</span>
- 나다 + 가다 = 나 + 아 + 가다
  - <TTS>나가다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to go out of something</span>
- 저는 집에서 나갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-16.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I went out of home (I left home)</span>

---

- 나다 = <span class="md spoiler">to arise out of something/come up/come out</span>
- 오다 = <span class="md spoiler">to come</span>
- 나다 + 오다 = 나 + 아 + 오다
  - <TTS>나오다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to come out of something</span>
- 학생은 학교에서 나왔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-17.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The student came out of school</span>

---

- 가지다 = to own/have/posses
- 오다 = to come
- 가지다 + 오다 = 가지 + 어 + 오다
  - <TTS>가져오다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to bring something</span>
- 나는 나의 숙제를 가져왔어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-18.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I brought my homework</span>
- 그 학생은 숙제를 가져오지 않았어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/31.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">That student didn’t bring his homework</span>

---

- 가지다 = <span class="md spoiler">to own/have/posses</span>
- 가다 = <span class="md spoiler">to go</span>
- 가지다 + 가다 = 가지 + 어 + 가다
  - <TTS>가져가다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to take something</span>
- 저는 저의 모자를 가져갈 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-19.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will bring/take my hat</span>

가져오다 _often translates to “<span class="md spoiler">to bring</span>” and_ 가져가다 _often translates to “<span class="md spoiler">to take</span>.” However, the translation of “to bring” could work for both_ <TTS>가져오다</TTS> _and_ <TTS>가져가다</TTS>.

가지다 _means “<span class="md spoiler">to possess</span>” and_ “오다” _and_ “가다” _mean “<span class="md spoiler">to come</span>” and “<span class="md spoiler">to go</span>” respectively. Deciding to use_ 가져오다 _or_ 가져가다 _depends on <span class="md spoiler">the point of reference of the acting agent in the sentence to the speaker</span>. Specifically, whether the acting agent is coming or going to the location in question._

_Imagine you have money at your house, and you will go to your friend’s house later to give it to him. Therefore, you will have to “bring” or “take” (same meaning) that money with you when you head over there. If <span class="md spoiler">you are currently at your house and are talking to your friend</span> about what you will do, you should use the word_ “<TTS>가져가다</TTS>” _because you are going to your friend’s house while in possession of the money_ (<TTS>저는 돈을 가져갈 거예요</TTS>). _In this example,_ 가져가다 _is used and the best English translation would be “I will bring the money.”_

_However, imagine <span class="md spoiler">you have already arrived</span> at your friend’s house with the money. You can use the word_ “<TTS>가져오다</TTS>” _because you came to your friend’s house while in possession of the money_ (<TTS>저는 돈을 가져왔어요</TTS>). _In this example,_ 가져오다 _is used and the best English translation would be “I brought the money.”_

_People would read those two examples and think “Oh, so if it is something happening in the future – I should use_ 가져가다 _and if it is something happening in the past, I should use_ 가져오다.

_No. It has nothing to do with the tense of the sentence. It has everything to do with the point of reference of the acting agent of the sentence to the speaker._

_For example, imagine you are at your house with the money. If your friend wants to tell you to “bring the money,” he should use the word_ “가져오다” _because you are coming (not going) to him. To his reference, you are “coming.” In this case,_ 가져오다 _should be used._

---

You will come across many of these words when you are learning how to speak Korean. It is not something terribly difficult, but is something that you should be aware of (it helps to understand the word if you realize that it is made up of two separate words).

Another word that you will see commonly in these compound words is “돌다”:

- <TTS>돌다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to turn/to spin/to rotate</span>

Examples of compound words:

- 돌다 + 보다 = <TTS>돌아보다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to turn around (and see)</span>
- 돌다 + 가다 = <TTS>돌아가다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to return/go back</span>
- 돌다 + 오다 = <TTS>돌아오다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to return/come back</span>
- 돌리다 + 주다 = <TTS>돌려주다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to give back</span>

---

- 저는 9월1일에 캐나다에 돌아갈 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/33-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will go back to Canada on September 1st</span>
- 저는 친구에게 책을 돌려줬어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/34.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I gave my friend back his book</span>

That’s good enough for now, but you will continue to see these as you progress through your studies.

## Different/Similar/Same (다르다/비슷하다/같다)

<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="different" />

Three words that you have learned in previous lessons are:

- <TTS>다르다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">different</span>
- <TTS>비슷하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">similar</span>
- <TTS>같다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">same</span>

Using these words isn’t as straight forward as it would seem, so I wanted to spend some time teaching you how to deal with them. Of course, in simple sentences, they can be used just like any other adjectives. For example:

- 그것은 비슷해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/35.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">That is similar</span>
- 우리는 매우 달라요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/36.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We are so different</span>
- 우리는 같아요 = <span class="md spoiler">We are the same</span>

_The sentence above sounds unnatural in Korean. Although “같다” translates to “<span class="md spoiler">the same</span>,” in most cases (especially in cases like this where nothing is being compared), it is more natural to use the word “<TTS>똑같다</TTS>,” which usually translates to “<span class="md spoiler">exactly the same</span>.”_

For example:

- 우리는 똑같아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-20.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We are exactly the same</span>

When comparing things like this in English, we use a different preposition for each word. For example:

- I am similar to my friend
- That building is different from yesterday
- Canadian people are the same as Korean people

In Korean, the particle ~와/과/랑/이랑/하고 can be used to represent all of these meanings. For example:

- 저는 친구와 비슷해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/38.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I am similar to my friend</span>
- 그 건물은 어제와 달라요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/39.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">That building is different from yesterday</span>
- 캐나다 사람들은 한국 사람들과 같아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-21.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Canadian people are the same as Korean people</span>
- 이 학교는 우리 학교와 똑같아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">This school is exactly the same as our school</span>

The ability of ~와/과/랑/이랑/하고 to be used in all of these cases creates confusion for Korean people when they learn English. You will often hear mistakes from Korean people like:

- “This school is the same to our school”

Notice in the sentence above that the particle ~와/과/랑/이랑/하고 is used to denote that something is different from, similar to, or the same as something else. In theory, you could change the order of the sentences (to make the sentence structure similar to what you learned in [Lesson 13](./13-and-with.md)) to indicate that two things (this and that) are different, similar or the same. For example:

- 우리 학교와 이 학교는 똑같아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-24.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Our school and this school are exactly the same</span>

As you can see with the English translation – this doesn’t create any difference in meaning. It merely changes the wording of the sentences and the function of the particles slightly.

I talk about the usage of <TTS>같다</TTS> later in [Lessons 35](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-34-41/lesson-35/) and [36](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-34-41/lesson-36/). Specifically, in [Lesson 36](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-34-41/lesson-36/) I talk about how 같다 is more commonly used to say “<span class="md spoiler">something is like something</span>.” I don’t want to get into this too much in this lesson, because the purpose of this section was for me to introduce you to the grammar within these sentences so you could apply it to what I am about to introduce next.

Check this grammar out. This is probably an easy sentence to you now:

- 나는 잘생긴 남자를 만났어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/43-2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I met a handsome man</span>

> Subject – adjective (describing an) – object – verb

What about these next sentences?

- 나는 비슷한 남자를 만났어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/44-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I met a similar man</span>, or
- 나는 같은 남자를 만났어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-25.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I met the same man</span>

These sentences have the same structure as before:

> Subject – adjective (describing an) – object – verb

That should be easy for you too. But what about if you wanted to say “I met a man who is similar to your boyfriend.” Seems too complicated, but let’s break it down:

- 너의 남자친구와 비슷하다 = <span class="md spoiler">similar to your boyfriend</span>

비슷하다 is an adjective – which means it can modify a noun:

- 비슷한 남자 = <span class="md spoiler">similar man</span>
- 너의 남자친구와 비슷한 남자 = <span class="md spoiler">A man (that is) similar to your boyfriend</span>
- 나는 ( — )를 만났어 = <span class="md spoiler">I met —</span>
- 나는 (너의 남자친구와 비슷한 남자)를 만났어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/46-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I met a man that is similar to your boyfriend</span>

This structure is very complex and is an introduction to describing nouns with phrases instead of simply using one adjective. In [Lesson 26](../unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md), you will learn more about how to describe nouns with things other than simple adjectives – such as verbs and complex phrases.

The meaning of “different” in English has more than one nuance, which are possessed by “다르다” as well. Although the meaning of “different” in the two sentences below is similar, try to see that they are slightly different:

- I am different than him
- I saw a different movie

The first one describes that something is not the same as something else.

The second one has a meaning similar to “other” or “another,” where (in this case) the person did not see the movie that was originally planned, but instead saw “another” or a “different” movie.

다르다 _can be used in both_ situations. For example:

- 저는 그와 달라요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-15-s1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I am different from him</span>
- 저는 다른 영화를 봤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/48.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I saw a different (another) movie</span>

“<TTS>또 다르다</TTS>” usually translates to “<span class="md spoiler">another</span>,” while “<TTS>다르다</TTS>” translates to “<span class="md spoiler">other</span>.” However, in the example above, replacing “another” with “other” makes it sound weird.

The function of “또 다르다” is hard to explain, but it is easier to explain (and understand) if you think of it as two separate words (which it actually is). It is a combination of the adjective “다르다” and the adverb “또”, which is used when something happens again.

“<TTS>또 다르다</TTS>” is used when <span class="md spoiler">one particular thing has already been described</span>, and you are explaining _another_ thing. For example, imagine you are sitting in a meeting with your coworkers discussing potential problems for a plan. People are all discussing the problems they see, and you can point out:

- 또 다른 문제는 그것이 비싸요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-27.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Another problem is it (that thing) is expensive</span>

In this same respect, you can say the following sentence, and although the translation in English is similar, try to understand the difference in adding “또”:

- 저는 또 다른 영화를 봤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/50-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I saw ANother movie</span>

In this, maybe the person saw one movie, and then _again_ saw a different movie.

## Homonyms

<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="homonym" />

This may be something that is obvious when learning any language, but I wanted to point it out. In Korean, there are a lot of words that have more than one meaning. It is like this in English as well, but most people never notice it until they stop to think about how many there actually are. Whenever there is a word with many meanings in Korean, these different meanings will always have a separate entry in our vocabulary lists (not necessarily in the same lesson, however). An example of this is “쓰다”:

- 쓰다 = <span class="md spoiler">to write</span>
- 쓰다 = <span class="md spoiler">to use</span>
- 쓰다 = <span class="md spoiler">to wear a hat</span>

Each of these words has had a separate entry in our vocabulary lists. However, when a word has many meanings, but most of those meanings can be combined into a few ‘umbrella term’ meanings – only those ‘umbrella term’ meanings will be shown. A good example we talked about earlier is 들다. <TTS>들다</TTS> has _so_ many meanings, most of which can fit into three or four broad definitions.

Either way, be aware that many words have many meanings in Korean:

- 나는 편지를 친구를 위해 쓸 거야 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/51.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I am going to write a letter for my friend</span>
- 나는 그 기계를 썼어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/52.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I used that machine</span>
- 저의 아버지는 모자를 항상 써요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/53.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My father always wears a hat</span>

Another word that has many common meanings is <TTS>걸리다</TTS>:

- 걸리다 = <span class="md spoiler">to be (in the state of) hanging</span>
- 걸리다 = <span class="md spoiler">to be caught/stuck/trapped</span>
- 걸리다 = <span class="md spoiler">to “take” a certain amount of time</span>
- 걸리다 = <span class="md spoiler">to catch a cold/sickness</span>

There are more usages, but lets just focus on these four for now:

> 걸리다 = <span class="md spoiler">to be hanging</span>

Similar to the passive verbs you learned in the [previous lesson](./14-passive.md), this verb can be used to indicate the passive ‘state’ of hanging:

- 그림은 벽에 걸려 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/54.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The picture is hanging on the wall</span>

> 걸리다 = <span class="md spoiler">to be caught/stuck/trapped</span>

A verb that can be used when something trips/gets caught/gets trapped:

- 나는 줄에 걸렸어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/55.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I tripped over the line</span>

> 걸리다 = <span class="md spoiler">to “take” a certain amount of time</span>

This is a very useful form that we will talk about in greater detail in a [later lesson](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/upper-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-4-lessons-76-83/lesson-77/). You can use this to indicate how long it takes to get from one place to another:

- 서울부터 인천까지 2시간 걸려요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/56.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">It takes 2 hours to get from Seoul to Incheon</span>
- 우리 학교에서 식당까지 10분 걸려요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/57-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">It takes 10 minutes to get from our school to the restaurant</span>

Notice however, that even though each of these has a very different meaning in English (to be hanging, to be caught, to take a certain amount of time) they are actually pretty similar. When a picture is ‘hanging’ on the wall, technically it is ‘stuck/trapped’ on the wall. Similarly, if you go from Incheon to Seoul, the time it takes (2 hours) is ‘stuck/trapped.’ Haha, No? Well, that’s just the way I explained it to myself when I first learned some of these words.

Try to think outside of the English box. One word in Korean is often used to represent many words in English. Usually these words aren’t actually very different, but the different translations lead us to believe that they are in fact very different. Read these sentences again and see if you can understand them this way:

- The picture is caught on the wall
- I was caught over the line
- 2 hours are caught to get from Seoul to Incheon

Obviously not natural in English – but you can probably understand what these sentences mean.

My point? Just because it looks like a word has many meanings doesn’t necessarily mean that those meanings are vastly different from each other. Think about the example from earlier in this lesson (들다) one more time. 들다 has many meanings – but most of which can be grouped into only 2 or 3 different meanings. Always keep this in mind.

## Being Sick in Korea

<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="sick" />

One of the things people often try to learn first when learning a new language is how to express themselves in the event that they have to go to the doctor. This is something that wouldn’t fit into any specific lesson, so I want to cover it here:

You already know the word 아프다, which you can use to indicate that you are sick OR sore in some place. In English “sore” and “sick” mean slightly different things. Because of this, Korean people (who are learning English) often mistakenly say “My arm is sick.” Also note that 아프다 is an adjective… and for some reason ‘이/가’ are used instead of 는/은 when creating sentences about a place on your body:

- 배가 아파요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/58-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My stomach is sore</span>
- 팔이 아파요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/59.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My arm is sore</span>
- 저는 어제 너무 아팠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/60.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I was very sick yesterday</span>

Also, you can use the word <TTS>걸리다</TTS> to indicate that you have <span class="md spoiler">some sort of disease/sickness</span>. You learned a little bit about 걸리다 in the previous section. This usage of 걸리다 essentially has the same meaning that was described in all the other examples of 걸리다 (I am caught in a sickness). Korean people use this in the following way:

- 저는 감기에 걸렸어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/61.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I caught a cold/I have a cold</span>
- 저는 독감에 걸렸어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/62.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I caught the flu/I have the flu</span>

_Notice how_ “에” _is used in these sentences due to 걸리다 having the nuance of being stuck IN something_

Also note that even though you have a cold in the present tense, Korean people use the past “<TTS>걸렸다</TTS>” to express that they currently have a cold.

<TTS>기침</TTS> (<span class="md spoiler">a cough</span>) and <TTS>재채기</TTS> (<span class="md spoiler">a sneeze</span>), although not originally nouns of Chinese origin, are both nouns where you can add 하다 to get the respective verb form (<span class="md spoiler">to cough</span> and <span class="md spoiler">to sneeze</span>). For example:

- 저의 아들은 시끄럽게 기침했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/63.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My son coughed loudly</span>

_(Probably more naturally translated to “My son was coughing loudly.” Korean people don’t really distinguish between simple and progressive past tenses as much as we do in English. You will learn about the progressive tense in [Lesson 18](./18-present-progressive.md).)_

Wow that’s a long lesson. I have to apologize for writing these lessons so long. This lesson could have easily been broken into 2, 3 or even 4 separate lessons, but I chose against doing it that way. When I was first learning Korean, I wanted to plow through material as fast as I possibly could – and I guess that is coming out as I am writing these lessons as well.

[Okay, I got it! Take me to the next lesson!](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/?page_id=1237) Or,
[Click here for a workbook to go along with this lesson.](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/workbooks#Unit1916)

That’s it for this lesson!

<em>There are 1250 example sentences in Unit 1.
All entries are linked to an audio file. You can download all of these files in one package [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/audio/).</em>

## Summary

<YouTube id=MJVbYQonLsk />

Want to try to create some sentences using the vocabulary and grammar from this lesson?

This YouTube video will prompt you to translate English sentences into Korean using the concepts from this lesson.

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<YouTube id=11qkrb0ySBM />

Want to practice your listening skills?

This YouTube video will prompt you with Korean sentences to dictate using the concepts from this lesson.

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[Lesson Recap]

<YouTube id=sEwOp7EbMUo />