polv/ko-grammar
1
0 Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Actions Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity
Files
cfa93c6e1247791d5bb163372341acbbdc809769
ko-grammar/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/13-and-with.md
T

1397 lines
76 KiB
Markdown
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters
This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.
---
vocabulary:
nouns:
- ko: 사실
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v1.mp3
en: fact
notes: |
<p>Often used at the start of sentences to mean "actually..." When used like this, it is common to colloquially say "실은..."</p>
<p>Also commonly used as the noun in a quoted version of ~는 것. For example: "그녀는 아이가 죽었다는 사실을 숨겼어요" = "She hid (the fact that) her child died"</p>
<p>See <a href="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-3-lessons-51-58/lesson-52/">Lesson 52</a> for more information on this.</p>
<p>It can also be used to literally mean "fact"</p>
examples:
- ko: 그것은 **사실**이에요?
en: Is that **true**? (is that a **fact**?)
- ko: 저는 그 **사실**을 백과사전에 찾았어요
en: I looked up that **fact** in an encyclopedia
- ko: 이 **사실**을 부장님께 알려 줘야겠어요
en: I guess I should tell the boss (about) that **fact**
- ko: 저는 부장님에게 그 **사실**을 말할 거예요
en: I will tell that (**fact**) to my boss
- ko: 약
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v2.mp3
en: medicine
examples:
- ko: 이렇게 아프면 **약**을 먹어야 돼요!
en: If you are this sick, you should take some **medicine**!
- ko: 저는 이 **약**을 하루에 두 번 먹어요
en: I eat (take) this **medicine** twice per day
- ko: "**약**을 안 먹는다면 열이 나빠질 수도 있어요"
en: If you don't eat/take this **medicine**, the fever could get worse
- ko: 음악
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v3.mp3
en: music
examples:
- ko: 저는 **음악**을 듣는 것을 좋아요
en: I like listening to **music**
- ko: 저는 **음악**을 듣고 있어요
en: I am listening to **music**
- ko: 우리는 **음악**을 같이 들었어요
en: We listened to **music** together
- ko: 하늘
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v4.mp3
en: sky
examples:
- ko: "**하늘**에 비행기가 있어요"
en: There is a plane in the **sky**
- ko: "**하늘**에 별이 많아요"
en: There are many stars in the **sky**
- ko: 이것을 **하늘**로부터 받았어요
en: I received this from the **sky (heavens)**
- ko: 비가 온 다음 날에 **하늘**은 보라색으로 바꿨어요
en: The **sky** turned purple the day after the rain
- ko: 땅
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v5.mp3
en: land
notes: |
<p>'독도는 우리땅이다' is a famous saying that Korean people use to express that Dokdo, the disputed territory between Korea and Japan belongs to Korea. This was written on a sign by a fan during the 2012 Olympics in London and when the Korean team one, a Korean player took the sign and ran around the field with it. The player got in a lot of trouble for bringing political elements into the Olympics. By the way, Dokdo does belong to Korea.</p>
examples:
- ko: 한국은 다른 나라보다 **땅**이 작아요
en: Korea's **land** is small compared to other countries
- ko: 지하
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v6.mp3
en: underground
examples:
- ko: 차는 지하 **주차장**에 있어요
en: The car is in the **underground** parking lot
- ko: 빵
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v7.mp3
en: bread
examples:
- ko: 저는 **빵**을 먹고 싶어요
en: I want to eat **bread**
- ko: 저는 친구를 위해 **빵**을 만들었어요
en: I made **bread** for my friend
- ko: 우리는 **빵**을 같이 먹었어요
en: We ate **bread** together
- ko: 애기는 **밥**하고 빵을 먹었어요
en: The baby ate rice and **bread**
- ko: 쓰레기
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v8.mp3
en: trash/garbage
notes: |
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.</p>
<p><YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" /></p>
examples:
- ko: "**쓰레기**를 버려 주세요"
en: Please throw out your **garbage**
- ko: 이 떡은 **쓰레기** 맛 같아
en: This 떡 tastes like **garbage**
- ko: "**쓰레기**는 월요일마다 수거된다"
en: "**Garbage** is collected every Monday"
- ko: 회계사
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v9.mp3
en: accountant
examples:
- ko: 저는 **회계사**가 되고 싶어요
en: I want to be an **accountant**
- ko: 그 **회계사**는 정부에 대해 나쁜 말을 했어요
en: That **accountant** said bad things about the government
- ko: 녹차
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v10.mp3
en: green tea
examples:
- ko: "**녹차** 두 잔을 주세요"
en: Give me two cups of **green tea**, please
- ko: "**녹차**는 한국에서 유명해요"
en: "**Green Tea** is famous in Korea"
- ko: 저는 약과 **녹차**만 샀어요
en: I only bought medicine and **green tea**
- ko: 이
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v11.mp3
en: teeth
examples:
- ko: 치과의사는 저의 **이**를 두 개 뺐어요
en: The dentist took out two of my **teeth**
- ko: 정부
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v12.mp3
en: government
examples:
- ko: 한국에서는 **정부**가 국립학교를 통제해요
en: In Korea, the **government** controls the public schools
- ko: 한국 **정부**는 교통사고를 방지하려고 노력하고 있어요
en: The Korean **government** is trying to prevent traffic accidents
- ko: 그 회계사는 **정부**에 대해 나쁜 말을 했어요
en: That accountant said bad things about the **government**
- ko: 성격
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v13.mp3
en: personality
examples:
- ko: 그 사람의 **성격**은 좋아요
en: That person's **personality** is good
- ko: 우리의 **성격**은 달라요
en: Our **personalities** are different
- ko: 서울에서 사는 사람들의 **성격**은 너무 급해요
en: The people who live in Seoul have a very fast **personality** (rushed/impatient nature)
- ko: 온도
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v14.mp3
en: temperature
notes: The word 체온 is used to refer to one's body temperature.
examples:
- ko: 교실이 너무 더워서 **온도**를 내려도 돼요?
en: Because the classroom is too hot, may I lower the **temperature**?
- ko: 커튼
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v15.mp3
en: curtains
notes: Korean pronunciation of the word "curtain"
examples:
- ko: 창문이 **커튼**으로 가려져 있어요
en: The window is covered by the **curtains**
- ko: 숨
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v16.mp3
en: breath
examples:
- ko: 공기가 나빠서 저는 **숨**을 못 쉬어요
en: I can't **breathe** because the air is bad
verbs:
- ko: 축하하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v17.mp3
en: to congratulate
notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "추카하다"
examples:
- ko: 아들이 대학교를 졸업해서 우리는 **축하를 해**야 돼요
en: Now that our son has graduated from University, we need to **congratulate** him
- ko: 일어나다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v18.mp3
en: to rise, to get up
notes: |
<p>There are many adverbs that are used in specific situations to give a sentence feel or emphasis. To indicate that one "sprang" up, the adverb 벌떡 can be used.</p>
<p>일어나다 literally means "to get up" from a sitting/laying position to a standing position. However, it is often used to indicate that one "wakes up" because one usually "gets up" from bed when they wake up. As such, the translation of "일어나다" could be "to get up" or "to wake up" depending on the situation.</p>
examples:
- ko: "언제 **일어났어요**?"
en: When did you **get up**?
- ko: 군인들은 매일 일찍 **일어나**야 돼요
en: Soldiers have to **wake up** early every day
- ko: 그녀는 의자에서 **일어났어요**
en: She **rose up** from her chair
- ko: 저는 아침에 일찍 **일어났어요**
en: I **woke** **up** early in the morning
- ko: 우리는 내일 일찍 **일어나**야 돼요
en: We need to **wake up** early tomorrow morning
- ko: 준비하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v19.mp3
en: to prepare, to get ready
notes: The noun form of this word translates to "preparation"
examples:
- ko: 저는 아직 **준비**를 안 했어요
en: I still haven't gotten **ready** yet
- ko: 저는 지금 갈 **준비**가 됐어요
en: I am **ready** to go now
- ko: 아버지를 위해 시원한 물을 **준비했어요**
en: I **prepared** cool water for my father
- ko: 저는 점심을 **준비했어요**
en: I **prepared** (the) lunch
- ko: 저는 아무 때나 일을 시작할 **준비됐어요**
en: I am **ready** to start working any time
- ko: 들어오다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v21.mp3
en: to come in
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "드러오다"</p>
<p>Formed by combining 들다 (to enter) and 오다 (to come). See Lesson 15 for more information.</p>
examples:
- ko: 학생들은 9시에 학교에 **들어왔어요**
en: The students **came into** the school at 9:00
- ko: 그 남자는 방에 **들어왔어요**
en: That man **came into** room
- ko: 들어가다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v22.mp3
en: to go in
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "드러가다"</p>
<p>Formed by combining 들다 (to enter) and 가다 (to go). See Lesson 15 for more information.</p>
<p>"들어가세요" is often said to people when they leave a place, almost as a greeting like "goodbye."</p>
<p>Often used with ~아/어 있다 to indicate that something contains something. For example: "김치에 고추가 들어가 있어요" = "There is red peppers in 김치"</p>
examples:
- ko: 샴푸가 눈에 **들어갔어요**
en: Shampoo **went** **into** my eyes
- ko: 학생들은 9시에 학교에 **들어갔어요**
en: The students **went into** the school at 9:00
- ko: 수영장에 **들어간** 후에 옷이 완전히 젖었어요
en: My clothes are completely wet after **going** **into** the pool
- ko: 이 길이 너무 좁아서 저는 못 **들어가요**
en: I can't **go onto** this road because it is so narrow
- ko: 그 가게에 18세 미만은 못 **들어가요**
en: Those under 18 years of age can't **enter** that store
- ko: 우리는 집에 같이 **들어갔어요**
en: We **went into** the house together
- ko: 저는 문을 열고 방에 **들어갔어요**
en: I opened the door and **went into** the room
- ko: 입장하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v23.mp3
en: to enter (the verb form of 'admission')
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "입짱하다"</p>
<p>The noun form of this word translates to "admission"</p>
examples:
- ko: 몇 시부터 **입장할** 수 있어요?
en: From what time can we **enter**?
- ko: 숨쉬다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v24.mp3
en: to breathe
examples:
- ko: 저는 운동을 열심히 하고 **숨**을 빨리 **쉬었어요**
en: After I exercised I was **breathing** really fast
adjectives:
- ko: 흥미롭다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v25.mp3
en: to be interesting
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "흥미롭따"</p>
<p>흥미롭다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
examples:
- ko: 화학은 매우 **흥미로워요**
en: Chemistry is very **interesting**
- ko: 그는 **흥미로운** 삶을 살아요
en: He lives an **interesting** life
- ko: 한국문화는 오래됐고 **흥미로워요**
en: Korean culture is long and **interesting**
- ko: 늦다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v26.mp3
en: to be late
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "늗따"</p>
<p>This is often irrelevant, but 늦다 is both a verb and an adjective. As a verb, it usually indicates that one arrives late. For example: "우리가 늦어서 죄송해요" = "Sorry we arrived late"</p>
<p>It is often used as an adjective to describe a time that is late. For example: "우리는 늦은 저녁을 먹었어요" = "We ate a late dinner"</p>
<p>As an adjective, ~게 is often added to it in order to create an adverb. For example: "그녀는 언제나 늦게 와요" = "She comes late every time"</p>
examples:
- ko: 우리가 **늦**어서 죄송해요
en: Sorry we arrived **late**
- ko: 우리는 늦은 저녁을 먹었어요
en: We ate a **late** dinner
- ko: 그녀는 언제나 **늦**게 와요
en: She comes **late** every time
- ko: 저는 **늦**게 도착했어요
en: I arrived **late**
- ko: 시원하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v27.mp3
en: to be cool, to be relaxing
notes: |
<p>In addition to meaning "cool" (as in temperature), this word is often used to describe the feeling you get when somebody gives you a massage.</p>
examples:
- ko: 요즘에 날씨가 **시원해요**
en: These days the weather is **cool**
- ko: 아버지를 위해 **시원한** 물을 준비했어요
en: I prepared **cool** water for my father
- ko: 가을이 **시원해서** 좋아요
en: Fall is nice because it is **cool**
- ko: 질투하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v28.mp3
en: to be jealous
notes: |
<p>The noun form of this word translates to "jealousy" or "envy"</p>
<p>Often used as "질투가 나다." See Lesson 14 for more information on how the word "나다" works in these situations.</p>
examples:
- ko: 저의 남자 친구는 항상 **질투해요**
en: My boyfriend is always **jealous**
- ko: 맵다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v29.mp3
en: to be spicy
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "맵따"</p>
<p>맵다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
examples:
- ko: 저는 **매운** 것을 못 먹어요
en: I can't eat **spicy** things
- ko: 한식은 양식보다 더 **매워요**
en: Korean food is **spicier** than western food
- ko: 라면은 삼겹살보다 더 **매워요**
en: Ramen is **spicier** than 삼겹살
- ko: 죄송하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v30.mp3
en: to be sorry
notes: |
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #3.</p>
<p><YouTube id="Q2KFITCbZ5s" /></p>
examples:
- ko: 늦게 와서 **죄송합니다**!
en: "**Sorry** for coming late!"
- ko: "**죄송하**지만 저는 당신을 해고할 수밖에 없어요"
en: I'm **sorry**, but I can't do anything but fire you
- ko: 미안하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v31.mp3
en: to be sorry
notes: 미안하다 is slightly less formal than 죄송하다
examples:
- ko: 시끄러워서 **미안해요**
en: "**Sorry** it is so loud!"
- ko: 무겁다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v32.mp3
en: to be heavy
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "무겁따"</p>
<p>무겁다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
examples:
- ko: 이 가방은 너무 **무거워요**
en: This bag is too **heavy**
- ko: 그 기계는 너무 **무거워요**
en: That machine is very **heavy**
- ko: 가볍다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v33.mp3
en: to be light
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "가볍따"</p>
<p>가볍다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
examples:
- ko: 이 가방은 **가벼워요**
en: This bag is **light**
- ko: 유명하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v34.mp3
en: to be popular, to be famous
examples:
- ko: 그 배우는 아주 **유명해요**
en: That actor is very **famous**
- ko: 그 가수는 한국에서 매우 **유명해요**
en: That singer is very **famous** in Korea
- ko: "**녹차**는 한국에서 **유명해요**"
en: Green Tea is **famous** in Korea
- ko: 저는 엄마랑 **유명한** 영화를 같이 봤어요
en: I saw/watched a **famous** movie with my mom
- ko: 익숙하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v20.mp3
en: to be familiar with something
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "익쑤카다"</p>
<p>The most common definition of 익숙하다 is "to be familiar with," but in sentences I prefer to use "to be used to."</p>
<p>For example, if you buy a new pair of shoes, and you still kind of prefer your previous shoes, you could say "새로운 신발에 아직 익숙하지 않아요." ("I'm not used to the new shoes yet").</p>
examples:
- ko: 저는 한국 음식 맛에 **익숙해요**
en: I am **used to** the taste of Korean food
- ko: 저는 그것에 **익숙하지** 않아요
en: I'm not **familiar** with that
adverbs:
- ko: 요즘
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v35.mp3
en: these days
examples:
- ko: 저는 **요즘**에 운동을 많이 해요
en: I am exercising a lot **these days**
- ko: 아시아의 경제는 **요즘**에 좋아지고 있어요
en: The Asian economy is getting better **these days**
- ko: "**요즘**에 날씨가 점점 추워져요"
en: "**Lately,** the weather is getting gradually colder"
- ko: "**요즘**에 저는 스트레스를 많이 받아요"
en: "**These days** I am very stressed"
- ko: "**요즘**에는 길이 너무 조용해요"
en: "**These days** the streets are very quiet"
- ko: 같이
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v36.mp3
en: together
notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "가치"
examples:
- ko: 우리는 밥을 **같이** 먹었어요
en: We ate **together**
- ko: 저는 친구랑 **같이** 있어요
en: I'm **with** my friend
- ko: 엄마가 우리랑 **같이** 못 먹어서 안타까워요
en: It's too bad that your mom can't eat **together** (with us)
- ko: 나는 우리가 지난 번에 **같이** 먹은 것을 먹고 싶어
en: I want to eat what we ate **(together)** last time
- ko: 이 일을 **같이** 하고 싶으면 우리는 협조해야 돼요
en: If we want to do this job **together**, we have to cooperate
- ko: 우리 학교에서 학생들은 역사와 지리를 같이 배워요
en: At our school, students learn history and geography **together**
---
# Lesson 13: Korean Particles: and, with, to, from, for, about
## Vocabulary
<VocabQuiz />
### Nouns
사실 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">fact</span>
<Details>
Common usages:
- <TTS>사실을 인정하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to admit the truth</span>
- <TTS>그것이 사실이다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">that is the truth</span>
- <TTS>사실은…</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the fact is…</span>
Notes:
Often used at the start of sentences to mean “actually…” When used like this, it is common to colloquially say “실은…”
Also commonly used as the noun in a quoted version of ~는 것. For example:
- 그녀는 아이가 죽었다는 **사실**을 숨겼어요 = <span class="md spoiler">She hid (the **fact** that) her child died</span>
See [Lesson 52](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-3-lessons-51-58/lesson-52/) for more information on this.
It can also be used to literally mean “fact”
- 그것은 **사실**이에요? = <span class="md spoiler">Is that **true**? (is that a **fact**?)</span>
- 저는 그 **사실**을 백과사전에 찾았어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I looked up that **fact** in an encyclopedia</span>
- 이 **사실**을 부장님께 알려 줘야겠어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I guess I should tell the boss (about) that <strong>fact</strong></span>
- 저는 부장님에게 그 **사실**을 말할 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I will tell that (**fact**) to my boss</span>
</Details>
약 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">medicine</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>약국</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">pharmacy</span>
- <TTS>약사</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">pharmacist</span>
- <TTS>약을 먹다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to take medicine</span>
- <TTS>치약</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">toothpaste</span>
- <TTS>약을 짓다</TTS> / <TTS>약을 처방하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to prescribe medicine</span>
Examples:
- 이렇게 아프면 **약**을 먹어야 돼요! = <span class="md spoiler">If you are this sick, you should take some **medicine**!</span>
- 저는 이 **약**을 하루에 두 번 먹어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I eat (take) this **medicine** twice per day</span>
- **약**을 안 먹는다면 열이 나빠질 수도 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">If you don’t eat/take this **medicine**, the fever could get worse</span>
</Details>
음악 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">music</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>음악가</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">musician</span>
- <TTS>음악을 듣다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to listen to music</span>
- <TTS>음악을 녹음하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to record music</span>
- <TTS>음악을 틀다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to turn on music</span>
- <TTS>음악을 연주하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to play music (with an instrument)</span>
Example:
- 저는 **음악**을 듣는 것을 좋아요 = <span class="md spoiler">I like listening to <strong>music</strong></span>
- 저는 **음악**을 듣고 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I am listening to <strong>music</strong></span>
- 우리는 **음악**을 같이 들었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">We listened to **music** together</span>
</Details>
하늘 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">sky</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>하늘만큼 땅만큼</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">An idiom that is like saying “thiiiiissss much”</span>
For example:
- <TTS>나는 너를 하늘만큼 땅만큼 사랑해</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I love you thiiiiiissss much.”</span>
More literally, “<span class="md spoiler">as much as the earth and the sky</span>”
- <TTS>하느님</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Literally, the “respected one in the sky”</span>
Examples:
- **하늘**에 비행기가 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">There is a plane in the **sky**</span>
- **하늘**에 별이 많아요 = <span class="md spoiler">There are many stars in the <strong>sky</strong></span>
- 이것을 **하늘**로부터 받았어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I received this from the <strong>sky (heavens)</strong></span>
- 비가 온 다음 날에 **하늘**은 보라색으로 바꿨어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The **sky** turned purple the day after the rain</span>
</Details>
땅 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v5.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">land</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>땅값</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the price of land</span>
- <TTS>땅콩</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">peanut</span>
Notes:
‘<TTS>독도는 우리땅이다</TTS>’ is a famous saying that Korean people use to express that <span class="md spoiler">Dokdo</span>, the disputed territory between Korea and Japan belongs to Korea. This was written on a sign by a fan during the 2012 Olympics in London and when the Korean team one, a Korean player took the sign and ran around the field with it. The player got in a lot of trouble for bringing political elements into the Olympics. By the way, <span class="md spoiler">Dokdo does belong to Korea</span>.
Example:
- 한국은 다른 나라보다 **땅**이 작아요 = <span class="md spoiler">Korea’s **land** is small compared to other countries</span>
</Details>
지하 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">underground</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>지하철</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">underground railway/subway</span>
- <TTS>지하층</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">underground floor, basement</span>
- <TTS>지하 주차장</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">underground parking lot</span>
Examples:
- 차는 지하 **주차장**에 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The car is in the **underground** parking lot</span>
</Details>
빵 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v7.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">bread</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>빵집</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">bakery</span>
- <TTS>빵 껍질</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">bread crust</span>
Example:
- 저는 **빵**을 먹고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to eat <strong>bread</strong></span>
- 저는 친구를 위해 **빵**을 만들었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I made **bread** for my friend</span>
- 우리는 **빵**을 같이 먹었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">We ate **bread** together</span>
- 애기는 **밥**하고 빵을 먹었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The baby ate rice and **bread**</span>
</Details>
쓰레기 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v8.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">trash/garbage</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>쓰레기통</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">garbage can</span>
- <TTS>쓰레기 봉투</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">garbage bag</span>
Examples:
- **쓰레기**를 버려 주세요 = <span class="md spoiler">Please throw out your <strong>garbage</strong></span>
- 이 떡은 **쓰레기** 맛 같아 = <span class="md spoiler">This 떡 tastes like **garbage**</span>
- **쓰레기**는 월요일마다 수거된다 = <span class="md spoiler">**Garbage** is collected every Monday</span>
[This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.]
<YouTube id=wMRfpE9JdUo />
</Details>
회계사 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v9.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">accountant</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>공인회계사</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">public accountant</span>
Examples:
- 저는 **회계사**가 되고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to be an <strong>accountant</strong></span>
- 그 **회계사**는 정부에 대해 나쁜 말을 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">That **accountant** said bad things about the government</span>
</Details>
녹차 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v10.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">green tea</span>
<Details>
Examples:
- **녹차** 두 잔을 주세요 = <span class="md spoiler">Give me two cups of **green tea**, please</span>
- **녹차**는 한국에서 유명해요 = <span class="md spoiler">**Green Tea** is famous in Korea</span>
- 저는 약과 **녹차**만 샀어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I only bought medicine and **green tea**</span>
</Details>
이 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v11.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">teeth</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>잇몸</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">gums</span>
- <TTS>이가 빠지다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to lose a tooth</span>
- <TTS>이를 쑤시다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">use a toothpick to pick one’s teeth</span>
- <TTS>이를 빼다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to get a tooth pulled</span>
- <TTS>이가 시리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">that feeling when your teeth are cold</span>
Example:
- 치과의사는 저의 **이**를 두 개 뺐어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The dentist took out two of my **teeth**</span>
</Details>
정부 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v12.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">government</span>
<Details>
Example:
- 한국에서는 **정부**가 국립학교를 통제해요 = <span class="md spoiler">In Korea, the **government** controls the public schools</span>
- 한국 **정부**는 교통사고를 방지하려고 노력하고 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The Korean **government** is trying to prevent traffic accidents</span>
- 그 회계사는 **정부**에 대해 나쁜 말을 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">That accountant said bad things about the **government**</span>
</Details>
성격 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v13.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">personality</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>성격 차이</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">difference in personalities</span>
Examples:
- 그 사람의 **성격**은 좋아요 = <span class="md spoiler">That person’s **personality** is good</span>
- 우리의 **성격**은 달라요 = <span class="md spoiler">Our **personalities** are different</span>
- 서울에서 사는 사람들의 **성격**은 너무 급해요 = <span class="md spoiler">The people who live in Seoul have a very fast **personality** (rushed/impatient nature)</span>
</Details>
온도 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v14.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">temperature</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>높은 온도</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">high temperature</span>
- <TTS>낮은 온도</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">low temperature</span>
- <TTS>실내온도</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the temperature (indoors)</span>
- <TTS>온도를 높이다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">increase the temperature</span>
- <TTS>온도를 내리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">decrease the temperature</span>
Notes:
The word <TTS>체온</TTS> is used to refer to one’s body temperature.
Example:
- 교실이 너무 더워서 **온도**를 내려도 돼요? = <span class="md spoiler">Because the classroom is too hot, may I lower the **temperature**?</span>
</Details>
커튼 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v15.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">curtains</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>커튼을 치다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">close the curtains</span>
Notes:
Korean pronunciation of the word “<span class="md spoiler">curtain</span>”
Example:
- 창문이 **커튼**으로 가려져 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The window is covered by the **curtains**</span>
</Details>
숨 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v16.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">breath</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>숨을 쉬다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to breathe</span>
- <TTS>숨을 내쉬다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to exhale</span>
- <TTS>숨을 들이마시다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to inhale</span>
Example:
- 공기가 나빠서 저는 **숨**을 못 쉬어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I can’t **breathe** because the air is bad</span>
</Details>
### Verbs
축하하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v17.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to congratulate</span>
<Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “추카하다”
Common Usages:
- <TTS>축하합니다!</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Congratulations!</span>
- <TTS>생일 축하합니다!</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Happy Birthday!</span>
Example:
- 아들이 대학교를 졸업해서 우리는 **축하를 해**야 돼요 = <span class="md spoiler">Now that our son has graduated from University, we need to **congratulate** him</span>
</Details>
일어나다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v18.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to rise, to get up</span>
<Details>
Notes:
There are many adverbs that are used in specific situations to give a sentence feel or emphasis. To indicate that one “<span class="md spoiler">sprang</span>” up, the adverb <TTS>벌떡</TTS> can be used.
일어나다 literally means “to get up” from <span class="md spoiler">a sitting/laying position</span> to <span class="md spoiler">a standing position</span>. However, it is often used to indicate that one “wakes up” because one usually “gets up” from bed when they wake up. As such, the translation of “일어나다” could be “to get up” or “to wake up” depending on the situation. You can this in the examples below:
Example:
- 언제 **일어났어요** **?** = <span class="md spoiler">When did you <strong>get up?</strong></span>
- 군인들은 매일 일찍 **일어나**야 돼요 = <span class="md spoiler">Soldiers have to **wake up** early every day</span>
- 그녀는 의자에서 **일어났어요** = <span class="md spoiler">She **rose up** from her chair</span>
- 저는 아침에 일찍 **일어났어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **woke** **up** early in the morning</span>
- 우리는 내일 일찍 **일어나**야 돼요 = <span class="md spoiler">We need to **wake up** early tomorrow morning</span>
</Details>
준비하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v19.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to prepare, to get ready</span>
<Details>
The noun form of this word translates to “preparation”
Common Usages:
- ~ㄹ/을 준비 하다 = <span class="md spoiler">One is read to \_\_\_</span> (See [Lesson 50](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-42-50/lesson-50/) for more information)
- <TTS>준비시간</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">preparation time</span>
- <TTS>준비기간</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">preparation period</span>
- <TTS>시험준비</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">preparation for an exam</span>
Examples:
- 저는 아직 **준비**를 안 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I still haven’t gotten **ready** yet</span>
- 저는 지금 갈 **준비**가 됐어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I am **ready** to go now</span>
- 아버지를 위해 시원한 물을 **준비했어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **prepared** cool water for my father</span>
- 저는 점심을 **준비했어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **prepared** (the) lunch</span>
- 저는 아무 때나 일을 시작할 **준비됐어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I am **ready** to start working any time</span>
</Details>
들어오다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v21.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to come in</span>
<Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “드러오다”
Common Usages:
- <TTS>들어오세요!</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Come in!</span>
- <TTS>들어오지 마세요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Don’t come in</span>
Notes:
Formed by combining <TTS>들다</TTS> (<span class="md spoiler">to enter</span>) and <TTS>오다</TTS> (<span class="md spoiler">to come</span>). See Lesson 15 for more information.
Example:
- 학생들은 9시에 학교에 **들어왔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">The students **came into** the school at 9:00</span>
- 그 남자는 방에 **들어왔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">That man **came into** room</span>
</Details>
들어가다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to go in</span>
<Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “드러가다”
Common Usages:
- A에… B가… 들어가 있다 = <span class="md spoiler">for A to contain B</span>
Notes:
Formed by combining <TTS>들다</TTS> (<span class="md spoiler">to enter</span>) and <TTS>가다</TTS> (<span class="md spoiler">to go</span>). See Lesson 15 for more information.
“<TTS>들어가세요</TTS>” is often said to <span class="md spoiler">people when they leave a place</span>, almost as a greeting like “<span class="md spoiler">goodbye</span>.”
Often used with ~아/어 있다 to indicate that something contains something. For example:
- 김치에 고추가 들어가 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">There is red peppers in 김치</span>
- 이 박스에 책이 들어가 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">There are books in this box</span>
Other Examples:
- 샴푸가 눈에 **들어갔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">Shampoo **went** **into** my eyes</span>
- 학생들은 9시에 학교에 **들어갔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">The students **went into** the school at 9:00</span>
- 수영장에 **들어간** 후에 옷이 완전히 젖었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">My clothes are completely wet after **going** **into** the pool</span>
- 이 길이 너무 좁아서 저는 못 **들어가요** = <span class="md spoiler">I can’t **go onto** this road because it is so narrow</span>
- 그 가게에 18세 미만은 못 **들어가요** = <span class="md spoiler">Those under 18 years of age can’t **enter** that store</span>
- 우리는 집에 같이 **들어갔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">We **went into** the house together</span>
- 저는 문을 열고 방에 **들어갔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I opened the door and **went into** the room</span>
</Details>
입장하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v23.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to enter (the verb form of 'admission')</span>
<Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “입짱하다”
The noun form of this word translates to “<span class="md spoiler">admission</span>”
Common Usages:
- <TTS>무료입장</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">free admission</span>
- <TTS>입장료</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">admission price</span>
Example:
- 몇 시부터 **입장할** 수 있어요? = <span class="md spoiler">From what time can we **enter**?</span>
</Details>
숨쉬다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v24.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to breathe</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>숨을 못 쉬다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to not be able to breathe</span>
Example:
- 저는 운동을 열심히 하고 **숨**을 빨리 **쉬었어요** = <span class="md spoiler">After I exercised I was **breathing** really fast</span>
</Details>
### Adjectives
흥미롭다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v25.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be interesting</span>
<Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “흥미롭따”
흥미롭다 follows the ㅂ irregular
Example:
- 화학은 매우 **흥미로워요** = <span class="md spoiler">Chemistry is very <strong>interesting</strong></span>
- 그는 **흥미로운** 삶을 살아요 = <span class="md spoiler">He lives an **interesting** life</span>
- 한국문화는 오래됐고 **흥미로워요** = <span class="md spoiler">Korean culture is long and **interesting**</span>
</Details>
늦다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v26.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be late</span>
<Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “늗따”
Common Usages:
- <TTS>늦게까지</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">until a late time</span>
This is often irrelevant, but 늦다 is both <span class="md spoiler">a verb and an adjective</span>. As a verb, it usually indicates that one _arrives_ late. For example:
- 우리가 **늦**어서 죄송해요 = <span class="md spoiler">Sorry we arrived **late**</span>
It is often used as an adjective to describe a time that is late. For example:
- 우리는 늦은 저녁을 먹었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">We ate a **late** dinner</span>
As an adjective, ~게 is often added to it in order to create <span class="md spoiler">an adverb</span>. For example:
- 그녀는 언제나 **늦**게 와요 = <span class="md spoiler">She comes **late** every time</span>
- 저는 **늦**게 도착했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I arrived **late**</span>
Usually, adverbs like this end in “-ly,” however, “lately” is unnatural in these English sentences. Korean people often incorrectly use the word “lately” because of this confusion.
Again, the fact that it can be an adjective or a verb is usually irrelevant. The only thing that matters is that it can be conjugated correctly to <TTS>늦다</TTS> (as <span class="md spoiler">an adjective</span>) _or_ <TTS>늦는다</TTS> (as <span class="md spoiler">a verb</span>).
</Details>
시원하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v27.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be cool, to be relaxing</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>시원한 물</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Cool water</span>
- <TTS>아! 시원해!</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Ah! That feels good!</span>
Notes: In addition to meaning <span class="md spoiler">“cool” (as in temperature)</span>, this word is often used to describe the feeling you get when <span class="md spoiler">somebody gives you a massage</span>.
Example:
- 요즘에 날씨가 **시원해요** = <span class="md spoiler">These days the weather is <strong>cool</strong></span>
- 아버지를 위해 **시원한** 물을 준비했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I prepared **cool** water for my father</span>
- 가을이 **시원해서** 좋아요 = <span class="md spoiler">Fall is nice because it is **cool**</span>
</Details>
질투하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v28.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be jealous</span>
<Details>
The noun form of this word translates to <span class="md spoiler">“jealousy” or “envy”</span>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>질투심</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the feeling of jealously</span>
Notes:
Often used as “<TTS>질투가 나다</TTS>.” See [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/) for more information on how the word “나다” works in these situations.
Example:
- 저의 남자 친구는 항상 **질투해요** = <span class="md spoiler">My boyfriend is always **jealous**</span>
</Details>
맵다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v29.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be spicy</span>
<Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “맵따”
맵다 follows the ㅂ irregular
Common Usages:
- <TTS>눈이 맵다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the feeling of your eyes burning (usually when cutting onions)</span>
Example:
- 저는 **매운** 것을 못 먹어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I can’t eat **spicy** things</span>
- 한식은 양식보다 더 **매워요** = <span class="md spoiler">Korean food is **spicier** than western food</span>
- 라면은 삼겹살보다 더 **매워요** = <span class="md spoiler">Ramen is **spicier** than 삼겹살</span>
</Details>
죄송하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v30.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be sorry</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>죄송합니다!</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Sorry!</span>
- <TTS>죄송하지만…</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I’m sorry, but…</span>
Example:
- 늦게 와서 **죄송합니다**! = <span class="md spoiler">**Sorry** for coming late!</span>
- **죄송하**지만 저는 당신을 해고할 수밖에 없어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I’m **sorry**, but I can’t do anything but fire you</span>
[This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #3.]
<YouTube id=Q2KFITCbZ5s />
</Details>
미안하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v31.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be sorry</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>미안합니다!</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Sorry</span>
Notes:
미안하다 is slightly less formal than 죄송하다
Example:
- 시끄러워서 **미안해요** = <span class="md spoiler">**Sorry** it is so loud!</span>
</Details>
무겁다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v32.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be heavy</span>
<Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “무겁따”
무겁다 follows the ㅂ irregular
Examples:
- 이 가방은 너무 **무거워요** = <span class="md spoiler">This bag is too <strong>heavy</strong></span>
- 그 기계는 너무 **무거워요** = <span class="md spoiler">That machine is very **heavy**</span>
</Details>
가볍다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v33.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be light</span>
<Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “가볍따”
가볍다 follows the ㅂ irregular
Example:
- 이 가방은 **가벼워요** = <span class="md spoiler">This bag is **light**</span>
</Details>
유명하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v34.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be popular, to be famous</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
- <TTS>유명한 사람</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">famous person</span>
Example:
- 그 배우는 아주 **유명해요** = <span class="md spoiler">That actor is very <strong>famous</strong></span>
- 그 가수는 한국에서 매우 **유명해요** = <span class="md spoiler">That singer is very **famous** in Korea</span>
- 녹차는 한국에서 **유명해요** = <span class="md spoiler">Green Tea is **famous** in Korea</span>
- 저는 엄마랑 **유명한** 영화를 같이 봤어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I saw/watched a **famous** movie with my mom</span>
</Details>
익숙하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v20.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be familiar with something</span>
<Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “익쑤카다”
Notes:
The most common definition of 익숙하다 is “<span class="md spoiler">to be familiar with</span>,” but in sentences I prefer to use “<span class="md spoiler">to be used to</span>.”
For example, if you buy a new pair of shoes, and you still kind of prefer your previous shoes, you could say “<TTS>새로운 신발에 아직 익숙하지 않아요</TTS>.” (<span class="md spoiler">I’m not used to the new shoes yet</span>).”
Common Usages:
- ~에 익숙하다 = <span class="md spoiler">to be accustomed to</span>
- ~에 익숙하지 않다 = <span class="md spoiler">to not be accustomed to</span>
Example:
- 저는 한국 음식 맛에 **익숙해요** = <span class="md spoiler">I am **used to** the taste of Korean food</span>
- 저는 그것에 **익숙하지** 않아요 = <span class="md spoiler">I’m not **familiar** with that</span>
</Details>
### Adverbs
요즘 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v35.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">these days</span>
<Details>
Example:
- 저는 **요즘**에 운동을 많이 해요 = <span class="md spoiler">I am exercising a lot <strong>these days</strong></span>
- 아시아의 경제는 **요즘**에 좋아지고 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The Asian economy is getting better **these days**</span>
- **요즘**에 날씨가 점점 추워져요 = <span class="md spoiler">**Lately,** the weather is getting gradually colder</span>
- **요즘**에 저는 스트레스를 많이 받아요 = <span class="md spoiler">**These days** I am very stressed</span>
- **요즘**에는 길이 너무 조용해요 = <span class="md spoiler">**These days** the streets are very quiet</span>
</Details>
같이 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v36.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">together</span>
<Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “가치”
Examples:
- 우리는 밥을 **같이** 먹었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">We ate <strong>together</strong></span>
- 저는 친구랑 **같이** 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I’m **with** my friend</span>
- 엄마가 우리랑 **같이** 못 먹어서 안타까워요 = <span class="md spoiler">It’s too bad that your mom can’t eat **together** (with us)</span>
- 나는 우리가 지난 번에 **같이** 먹은 것을 먹고 싶어 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to eat what we ate **(together)** last time</span>
- 이 일을 **같이** 하고 싶으면 우리는 협조해야 돼요 = <span class="md spoiler">If we want to do this job **together**, we have to cooperate</span>
- 우리 학교에서 학생들은 역사와 지리를 같이 배워요 = <span class="md spoiler">At our school, students learn history and geography **together**</span>
</Details>
You might also want to try listening to all of the words on loop with this [Vocabulary Practice video]
<YouTube id=Fj1KvykDxMc />
<em>There are 1050 vocabulary entries in Unit 1. All entries are linked to an audio file.
You can download all of these files in one package [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/audio/).</em>
## Introduction
In the last lesson, you learned some important Korean particles that you can use in a wide variety of situations. There are still a few more basic particles that you need to be aware of before you can begin learning more complex grammar. Most of these particles are very common, so it is hard to build sentences using more complex grammar without the use of what you learned in [Lesson 12](./12-more-particles.md), and what you will learn in this lesson. Let’s get started!
## Particles (and): ~과/와, ~랑/이랑 and ~하고
~과/와, ~랑/이랑 and ~하고 can all be used interchangeably to mean “and” in Korean.
~과 and ~와 are the same. ~과 is attached to words ending in <span class="md spoiler">a consonant</span>, ~와 is attached to words ending in <span class="md spoiler">a vowel</span>. Similarly, ~랑 and ~이랑 are the same. ~이랑 is attached to words ending in <span class="md spoiler">a consonant</span>, ~랑 is attached to words ending in <span class="md spoiler">a vowel</span>. ~하고 can be attached to words ending in <span class="md spoiler">a vowel or consonant</span>. These can be added fairly simply to nouns. For example:
- 우리는 밥과 빵을 팔아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We sell rice and bread</span>
- 나는 사과와 바나나를 샀어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I bought apples and bananas</span>
The two examples above show ~와/과/랑/이랑/하고 placed between two nouns that together act as the object of the sentence. Notice that although there are two nouns, both of them (together) sort of act as the single object of the sentence.
Other particles can attach to the construction made by using ~와/과/랑/이랑/하고 as well. For example:
- 나는 인천이랑 서울에 갈 거야 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will go to Seoul and Incheon</span>
- 형하고 아버지는 영화를 봤어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My brother and dad saw a movie</span>
- 저는 약과 녹차만 샀어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I only bought medicine and green tea</span>
## Particles (with): ~과/와, ~랑/이랑 and ~하고
Just when you thought this was going to be an easy lesson! Ha! This sounds crazy to an English speaker, but the same particles are used to mean “and” and “with” in Korean. You can distinguish them purely by the context of the conversation, which sounds like it would be difficult. However, even though you probably think it is difficult, it is always clear (even to a beginner) if the speaker is trying to express the meaning of “and” or “with” because of the sentence structure.
For example, when used to have the meaning of “and,” a noun will always follow 과/와/(이)랑/하고: For example:
- 나는 사과와 바나나를 샀어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I bought apples and bananas</span>
After 와, another noun is used, which means you are talking about apples AND bananas. But if I said this:
- 나는 친구와 갔어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/7.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I went with my friend</span>
There is no additional noun after 와, which means it can only mean “with.” If ~와in that sentence had the meaning of “and”, it would translate to:
- I went, my friend and…
… which is just nonsense
Here are some examples:
- 저는 친구와 집에 갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I went home with my friend</span>
- 나는 아버지랑 공원에 갈 거야 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/9.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will go to the park with my dad</span>
- 선생님은 학생들과 박물관에 갔다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/10.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The teacher went to the museum with the students</span>
- 요즘에 사람들이 친구들이랑 매운 음식을 먹지 않아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-5.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">These days, people don’t eat spicy food with their friends</span>
Also notice that you can actually use these particles to mean both “and” and “with” within the same sentence:
- 저는 밥을 친구랑 저의 어머니랑 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/12.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate (rice\*) with my mom and my friend</span>
\*\*Korean people often use “_밥_” (rice) to simply mean “food.” It stems from the fact that Korean people eat rice with (almost) every meal – so if you ate, it means that you ate rice. You can say “<TTS class="md">_밥을 먹었어_</TTS>” which can simply mean “I ate.”\*
Two adverbs that are commonly used in sentences with “with” are 같이 and 함께. Both of them mean “<span class="md spoiler">together</span>,” and can be used in sentences even if the sentence doesn’t have one of the particles meaning “with” (과/와/랑/이랑/하고). For example:
- 우리는 빵을 같이 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We ate bread together</span>
- 우리는 빵을 함께 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-7.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We ate bread together</span>
---
- 우리는 집에 같이 들어갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-8.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We went into the house together</span>
- 우리는 집에 함께 들어갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-9.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We went into the house together</span>
---
- 우리는 음악을 같이 들었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-10.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We listened to music together</span>
- 우리는 음악을 함께 들었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-11.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We listened to music together</span>
The use of the word “together” in the same sentence as the word “with” in English is usually unnatural. For example, it sounds unnatural for me to say something like this:
- I ate bread together with a friend
Instead, in English, we would say one of the following sentences:
- I ate bread with a friend
- We ate bread together
In Korean however, it is okay to use 같이 or 함께 in either of these situations; that is – with the word “with” in the sentence, or without it. For example:
- 저는 빵을 친구랑 같이 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-12.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate bread with a friend (together)</span>
- 저는 빵을 친구와\* 함께 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-13.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate bread with a friend (together)</span>
---
- 저는 빵을 친구랑 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-14.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate bread with a friend</span>
- 저는 빵을 친구와 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-15.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate bread with a friend</span>
_Notice that I used_ ~와 _with_ 함께 _instead of_ ~랑*. Just like with the meaning of “and,”* “~와/과*” is more likely to be used in writing and in formal situations, whereas “*~(이)랑*” is more likely to be used is speech. This entirely depends on the person who is speaking/writing, but it is generally true. Likewise, the use of “*함께*” is generally used in writing and formal situations. Therefore, the use of* 함께 *is more likely to be paired with ~*과/와 _in these cases._
_To add an additional level of complexity to this explanation –_ 같이 _is more commonly used than_ 함께 (같이 _is probably one of the most common words in Korean, while_ 함께 _would fall much further down the list). However, when_ 함께 *is used, it is more likely to be used with ~*과/와*. These are just generalizations based on observations of years of speaking with Korean people.*
More examples:
- 저는 녹차를 엄마랑 같이 마셨어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-16.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I drank green tea with my mom</span>
- 저는 엄마랑 유명한 영화를 같이 봤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-17.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I saw/watched a famous movie with my mom</span>
---
- 저는 선생님과 함께 공부했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/25.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I studied with my teacher</span>
- 저는 여자 친구와 함께 영화를 봤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-18.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I watched a movie with my girlfriend</span>
You can also use these particles to say that you are simply ‘with’ somebody in a location. In order to do this, you must use 있다 along with one of the adverbs meaning “together”. For example:
- 나는 친구랑 같이 있어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-19.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I’m with my friend</span>
- 저는 친구와 집에 함께 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-20.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I’m with a friend at home</span>
Note that this meaning of “with” in Korean cannot be used like this:
- I built a house **with** my hands
Remember, “my hands” are the method by which you did something, so, as you learned in [Lesson 12](./12-more-particles.md) _~(으)로 should be used in those situations_. For example:
- 저는 손으로 집을 지었어요
## Particles (to): 에게/한테/께
These three particles can all be used to indicate that you are doing (usually giving) something TO somebody. 에게, 한테 and 께 all have the same meaning, but ~한테 is usually used <span class="md spoiler">in conversation</span>, ~에게 is usually <span class="md spoiler">written</span> (although it is still said in conversation very often) and ~께 is used when the person you are giving something to requires <span class="md spoiler">respect</span> (께 is the honorific form of 에게/한테).
- 아버지는 아들에게 돈을 준다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/29.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The father gives money to his son</span>
- 나는 학생들한테 한국어를 가르쳤어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/30.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I taught Korean to the students</span>
- 저는 부장님께 그 사실을 말할 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-13-s1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will tell that (fact) to my boss</span>
*In the sentence above using ~*께*, a different verb (*말씀*) and grammatical form (*드리다*) would more likely be used to conjugate the sentence. At this point, you haven’t learned either of those words (or how they are used), so I refrained from using them in this example. These will be introduced in [Lesson 39](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-34-41/lesson-39/).* *For now, focus on the use of ~*께 _in this sentence._
Note that just because you use ~께 doesn’t mean that your sentence needs to end in a polite way. ~께 is used when the person who is being given to is of <span class="md spoiler">high importance</span>, regardless of who you are talking to. For example, if I was a teacher, talking to my student, talking about something being given TO the principal, I could say:
- 나는 책을 교장선생님께 줬어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/32.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I gave the principal a book</span>
_Again, the word_ *“*드리다*” would most likely be used instead of* 주다 _here_ *. For now, focus on the use of ~*께 _and we will continue to discuss this in [Lesson 39](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-34-41/lesson-39/)._
## Particles (from): ~에게서/한테서/(으)로부터
You learned in [Lesson 12](./12-more-particles.md) that ~에서 can be used to mean “from” in a wide variety of situations. ~에게서/한테서 can also have the translation of “from,” but they are used in a more restricted way.
~에게서/한테서 has the meaning that is opposite of ~에게/한테/께, which means it is used when somebody receives something from somebody. These particles are attached to the person from whom one receives something. For example:
- 나는 나의 여자친구에게서 편지를 받았어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/33.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I received a letter from my girlfriend</span>
The “thing” that is being received doesn’t need to be something physical. It could be something abstract like stories, explanations, or other things. For example:
- 저는 교감선생님에게서 한국어를 배웠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-13-s2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I learned Korean from my vice principal</span>
- 저는 그것을 친구한테서 들었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-13-s3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I heard that from my friend</span>
A very similar particle is ~(으)로부터. This particle can also be attached to the person from whom one receives something. For example:
- 나는 나의 여자친구로부터 편지를 받았어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I received a letter from my girlfriend</span>
- 저는 교감선생님으로부터 한국어를 배웠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-23.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I learned Korean from my vice principal</span>
- 저는 그것을 친구로부터 들었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-24.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I heard that from my friend</span>
- 저는 친구들로부터 사랑을 많이 받았어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-25.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I received a lot of love from friends</span>
- 아버지로부터 선물이 왔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-26.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">A present came from my father</span>
~(으)로부터 can also be used when receiving something from a non-person thing (a company/the government/etc). For example:
- 나는 돈을 정부로부터 받았어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/41.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I received money from the government</span>
- 이것을 하늘로부터 받았어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-27.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I received this from the sky (heavens)</span>
However, you cannot use ~에게서/~한테서 to indicate that you received something from a non-person.
To summarize, ~(으)로부터 can be used to indicate that one receives something from a person or non-person. ~에게서 and ~한테서 have a similar meaning, but can only be used when one receives something from a person.
## Do something for somebody: ~을/를 위해(서)
If you want to say that you are doing something FOR (the benefit of) somebody, you can add ~를/을 to the person who you are doing something for, followed by 위해(서):
- 나는 나의 여자 친구를 위해(서) 꽃을 샀어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/43.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I bought flowers for my girlfriend</span>
- 나는 부장님을 위해(서) 이것을 썼어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/44.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I wrote this for my boss</span>
- 저는 친구를 위해 빵을 만들었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-28.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I made bread for my friend</span>
- 아버지를 위해 시원한 물을 준비했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-29.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I prepared cool water for my father</span>
There doesn’t seem to be a difference between 위해 and 위해서.
This form is usually used when you are doing something for a person, but can also be used sometimes when you are doing something for a non-person:
- 저는 회사를 위해 열심히 일할 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/47.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will work hard for the company</span>
The important thing is that the thing for which you are doing something must be a noun. You _can_ use 위해 to indicate that you are doing something for the purpose of a _verb_ (I am going there **to/for the purpose of** see(**ing)** a movie) but you will learn about that in [Lesson 32](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-32/) once you have learned how to change verbs into nouns.
Also make sure that you realize that ‘for’ can have many meanings in English. Just because you say ‘for’ in English, doesn’t mean that it can be translated directly to ~를/을 위해. In Korean, ~를/을 위해 means **for the benefit of.** For example, in this sentence:
- I am waiting for the bus
the ‘bus’ is the object which you are waiting for, so, in Korean, you attach the particle ~을/를 to ‘bus’ but not ~을/를 위해:
- 나는 버스를 기다린다
This isn’t incredibly important right now, but I thought I’d mention it. “위해” is actually a verb, and the base form of the verb is 위하다. When ~아/어/여 is added to 위하다, it changes to 위하여. This was first presented in [Lesson 5.](./05-tenses.md) 하다 officially changes to 하여 when adding ~아/어/여, but this is commonly shortened to 해. Therefore, it is possible to use “위하여” instead of “위해.” Technically, this is possible in any word that finishes in ~하다, but it seems to be much more common with 위하다 than any other verb or adjective.
[Here is a Korean sign that shows ~을/를 위하여, and my explanation of it.]
<YouTube id=wMRfpE9JdUo />
## About something ~에 대해
~에 대해 can also be attached to nouns like 를/을 위해, but this has the meaning of “about.” It’s very easy to understand when used in simple situations:
- 나는 너에 대해 생각했어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-30.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I thought about you</span>
- 나는 나의 아버지에 대해 말했어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-31.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I spoke about my father</span>
- 나는 그것에 대해 책을 쓸 거야 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/50.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will write a book about it</span>
- 그 회계사는 정부에 대해 나쁜 말을 했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Lesson-13-sentence-32.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">That accountant said bad things about the government</span>
Just like with ~을/를 위해서, there is very little (if any) difference between ~에 대해 and ~에 대해서. For example, the sentences above could all be written as:
- 나는 너에 대해서 생각했어 = <span class="md spoiler">I thought about you</span>
- 나는 나의 아버지에 대해서 말했어 = <span class="md spoiler">I spoke about my father</span>
- 나는 그것에 대해서 책을 쓸 거야 = <span class="md spoiler">I will write a book about it</span>
- 그 회계사는 정부에 대해서 나쁜 말을 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">That accountant said bad things about the government</span>
One way that you cannot use ~에 대해 is in the following sentence:
- My favorite thing **about** you is your eyes.
I’d love to teach you that sentence in Korean, even though we haven’t covered the grammar, Ah, what the heck – I’ll show you – even though full understanding won’t come until [Lesson 28.](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-28/)
- 너에 있어서 내가 가장 좋아하는 것은 너의 눈이야.
Too complicated for you right now, the grammar within that sentence will be discussed in [Lesson 28](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-28/). Until then…
That’s it for this lesson! I think this one was one of the easiest lessons yet… haha, what do you think? Simple memorizing – nothing too complicated. In the next lesson, we will be talking about something native speakers of any language never think about when they speak… which means it is going to be hard to grasp! Think of this lesson as a gift from me to relax your brain before you start to get confused again!
[Okay, I got it! Take me to the next lesson!](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/?page_id=1073) Or,
[Click here for a workbook to go along with this lesson.](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/workbooks#Unit1916)
That’s it for this lesson!
<em>There are 1250 example sentences in Unit 1.
All entries are linked to an audio file. You can download all of these files in one package [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/audio/).</em>
## Summary
<YouTube id=F5zPLVNtVt8 />
Want to try to create some sentences using the vocabulary and grammar from this lesson?
This YouTube video will prompt you to translate English sentences into Korean using the concepts from this lesson.
<YouTube id=uz91aAMJCmA />
Want to practice your listening skills?
This YouTube video will prompt you with Korean sentences to dictate using the concepts from this lesson.
---
The following videos are available to reinforce the concepts taught in this lesson:
[Lesson Recap]
<YouTube id=O0YNHu4hSUE />
Reference in new issue View Git Blame Copy Permalink