날씨 = the day-to-day weather conditions. 기후 = climate, the long-term pattern.
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**날씨**가 너무 더워요
The **weather** is too hot
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**날씨**가 좋아서 밖에 가고 싶어요
I want to go outside because the **weather** is nice
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더운 **날씨**가 괜찮은데 습한 **날씨**가 싫어요
Hot **weather** is okay, but I don't like humid **weather**
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저는 추운 **날씨**를 좋아해요
I like cold **weather**
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**날씨**가 서늘해요
The **weather** is cool
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notes
examples
기온
temperature (air)
기온 is the air temperature in weather contexts. 온도 is the general word for temperature (water, rooms, objects).
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내일 **기온**이 30도까지 올라갈 거에요
The **temperature** tomorrow is going to go up to 30 degrees
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**기온**이 영하로 떨어졌어요
The **temperature** dropped below zero
Generated by Claude
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밤에는 **기온**이 많이 내려가요
At night the **temperature** drops a lot
Generated by Claude
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notes
examples
공기
air
공기 is the air we breathe (air quality, dryness, humidity).
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캐나다에서는 **공기**가 건조해요
The **air** in Canada is dry
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산에서는 **공기**가 깨끗해요
The **air** is clean in the mountains
Generated by Claude
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notes
examples
비
rain
비가 오다 / 비가 내리다 = for rain to come / fall. 비 is also part of compounds such as 비옷 (rain jacket).
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**비**가 왔어요
It rained (lit. **rain** came)
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**비**가 와요
It's raining (lit. **rain** is coming)
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notes
examples
눈
snow
눈 also means "eye". Context tells you which one is meant: 눈이 오다 = snow comes, 눈이 아프다 = eyes hurt.
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**눈**이 왔어요
It snowed (lit. **snow** came)
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**눈**이 와요
It's snowing (lit. **snow** is coming)
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**눈**이 많이 쌓였어요
A lot of **snow** piled up
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**눈**을 치워야 돼요
We have to clear the **snow**
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**눈**이 다 녹았어요
The **snow** is all melted
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notes
examples
바람
wind
바람이 불다 = for wind to blow.
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**바람**이 심하게 불어요
The **wind** is blowing hard
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**바람**이 불어서 추워요
It's cold because the **wind** is blowing
Generated by Claude
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notes
examples
이슬비
drizzle
이슬비 is a very fine, light rain, lighter than a 소나기 (a sudden shower).
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아침부터 **이슬비**가 내려요
A **drizzle** has been falling since the morning
Generated by Claude
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**이슬비**는 소나기보다 약해요
A **drizzle** is lighter than a shower
Generated by Claude
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**이슬비**라서 우산을 안 썼어요
It was only a **drizzle**, so I didn't use an umbrella
Generated by Claude
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examples
눈바람
blizzard (snow + wind)
눈바람 literally means snow + wind. 눈보라 is also commonly used for a blizzard or snowstorm.
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**눈바람**이 심하게 불어요
A **blizzard** is blowing hard
Generated by Claude
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**눈바람** 때문에 길이 안 보여요
I can't see the road because of the **blizzard**
Generated by Claude
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**눈바람**이 불어서 밖에 못 나가요
A **blizzard** is blowing, so I can't go outside
Generated by Claude
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notes
examples
폭염
heat wave
폭염 is a period of extreme heat, often announced in weather warnings (폭염 경보).
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다음 주까지 **폭염**이 예상됩니다
A **heat wave** is expected until next week
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**폭염** 때문에 에어컨을 하루 종일 틀었어요
Because of the **heat wave**, I ran the air conditioner all day
Generated by Claude
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notes
examples
장마
rainy season
장마 is the rainy season in Korea, usually from late June to July.
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한국에서는 **장마**가 7월에 있어요
There is a **rainy season** in Korea in July
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**장마**가 다음 주부터 시작될 거에요
The **rainy season** will start from next week
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notes
examples
가뭄
drought
Opposite of 장마 in terms of rainfall.
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**가뭄** 때문에 물을 아껴 써야 돼요
We need to conserve water because of the **drought**
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올해는 **가뭄**이 심해요
This year the **drought** is severe
Generated by Claude
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examples
기후변화
climate change
기후 (climate) + 변화 (change).
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**기후변화** 때문에 바다 해수면이 높아지고 있어요
The sea level is rising because of **climate change**
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**기후변화**는 큰 문제예요
**Climate change** is a big problem
Generated by Claude
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examples
번개
lightning
번개가 치다 = for lightning to strike. The verb 치다 is also used with 천둥 (thunder).
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**번개**가 쳐서 깜짝 놀랐어요
I was startled because **lightning** struck
Generated by Claude
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**번개**가 친 다음에 천둥소리가 들려요
After **lightning** strikes, you hear thunder
Generated by Claude
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**번개**가 치니까 밖에 나가지 마세요
**Lightning** is striking, so don't go outside
Generated by Claude
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notes
examples
천둥
thunder
천둥이 치다 = for thunder to strike. 천둥소리 = the sound of thunder.
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저는 **천둥** 치는 소리를 들었어요
I heard (the sound of) **thunder**
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**천둥**이 치면 강아지가 무서워해요
When **thunder** strikes, the puppy gets scared
Generated by Claude
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examples
소나기
shower (sudden rain)
소나기 is a sudden, heavy rain that ends quickly. Compare 이슬비 (a light drizzle).
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골프를 치고 있었는데 갑자기 **소나기**가 왔어요
I was playing golf, and then suddenly it started to **shower**
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**소나기**는 금방 그쳐요
A **shower** stops quickly
Generated by Claude
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examples
태풍
typhoon
태풍이 오다 = for a typhoon to come.
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다음 주에 **태풍**이 올 거에요
There will be a **typhoon** next week
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**태풍** 때문에 비행기가 취소됐어요
The flight was cancelled because of the **typhoon**
Generated by Claude
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examples
단풍
autumn leaves (changing color)
단풍 refers to the leaves changing color in autumn. 낙엽 refers to the leaves after they have fallen.
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**단풍**이 예뻐요
The **autumn leaves** are pretty
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가을에는 **단풍**을 보러 산에 가요
In the fall I go to the mountains to see the **autumn leaves**
Generated by Claude
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notes
examples
낙엽
fallen leaves
낙엽 are the leaves that have fallen to the ground in autumn. Compare 단풍 (leaves while they are changing color).
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**낙엽** 때문에 산길이 미끄러워요
The path is slippery because of the **fallen leaves**
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가을에는 **낙엽**이 많이 떨어져요
In the fall, a lot of **leaves** fall to the ground
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notes
examples
황사
yellow dust
황사 is the yellow dust that comes to Korea in the spring.
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한국에는 **황사**가 중국에서 봄마다 와요
**Yellow dust** comes to Korea every spring from China
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**황사**를 피하기 위해 마스크를 써야 해요
You should wear a mask to avoid the **yellow dust**
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오늘 **황사**가 심해서 밖에 나가면 안 돼요
You shouldn't go outside today because the **yellow dust** is bad
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examples
하늘
sky
하늘이 맑다 = the sky is clear.
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**하늘**이 매우 맑아요
The **sky** is very clear
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**하늘**에 구름이 많아요
There are a lot of clouds in the **sky**
Generated by Claude
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examples
구름
clouds
구름 can be singular or plural; English usually uses 'clouds' for the weather.
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**구름**이 그쳤어요
The **clouds** cleared up
Taken from the pool as given. 구름이 걷혔어요 is more natural.
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**구름**이 많아서 해가 안 보여요
I can't see the sun because there are a lot of **clouds**
Generated by Claude
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examples
해
sun
해 means "sun" here. It also means "year" (올해 = this year) and "harm" in other contexts.
The sun has the verbs 뜨다 (rise) and 지다 (set).
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여름에는 **해**가 일찍 떠요
In the summer, the **sun** rises early
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여름에는 **해**가 늦게 져요
In the summer, the **sun** sets late
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notes
examples
일교차
daily temperature range
일교차 is the difference between the highest and lowest temperature within a day.
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가을에는 **일교차**가 크기 때문에 겉옷을 항상 준비해야 해요
You should always prepare outer clothes in the fall because the **temperature** can be very different from morning to night
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봄에는 **일교차**가 커서 감기에 걸리기 쉬워요
In the spring, the **daily temperature range** is big, so it's easy to catch a cold
Generated by Claude
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examples
산불
forest fire
산불이 나다 = for a forest fire to break out.
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가을에는 날씨가 매우 건조해서 **산불**이 많이 나요
**Forest fires** happen a lot in fall because the weather is very dry
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**산불** 때문에 많은 사람들이 대피했어요
Many people evacuated because of the **forest fire**
Generated by Claude
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examples
자외선
UV rays
자외선 literally means 'ultraviolet rays'. 자외선 차단제 is sunscreen.
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한낮에는 **자외선**이 강해요
**UV rays** are strong at midday
Generated by Claude
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**자외선**이 강한 날에는 모자를 써요
On days when the **UV rays** are strong, I wear a hat
Generated by Claude
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examples
자외선 차단제
sunscreen
자외선 (UV rays) + 차단제 (blocker). The verb is 바르다 (to apply).
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피부를 보호하기 위해 여름에는 **자외선 차단제**를 발라야 돼요
In order to protect your skin, you need to apply **sun screen** in the summer
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**자외선 차단제**를 안 발라서 피부가 탔어요
I didn't apply **sunscreen**, so my skin got burned
Generated by Claude
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examples
내복
long johns
내복 is thermal underwear worn under clothes in winter.
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겨울에는 **내복**을 입어요
I wear **long johns** in the winter
Generated by Claude
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**내복**을 입어서 안 추워요
I'm not cold because I'm wearing **long johns**
Generated by Claude
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추워서 **내복**을 샀어요
It was cold, so I bought **long johns**
Generated by Claude
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examples
우산
umbrella
우산을 쓰다 = to use/hold an umbrella. 우산을 씌우다 = to hold an umbrella over someone.
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저는 **우산**을 안 가져왔어요
I didn't bring an **umbrella**
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**우산**을 씌워 주세요
Put the **umbrella** over me
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examples
비옷
rain jacket
비 (rain) + 옷 (clothes).
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**비옷**을 사야겠어요
I'll have to buy a **rain jacket**
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**비옷**을 입고 나갔어요
I went out wearing a **rain jacket**
Generated by Claude
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examples
겉옷
outer clothes (jacket)
겉옷 means outer clothes such as a jacket or coat. 겉 = the outside.
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가을에는 일교차가 크기 때문에 **겉옷**을 항상 준비해야 해요
You should always prepare **outer clothes** in the fall because of the big temperature difference
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추우니까 **겉옷**을 입으세요
It's cold, so put on a **jacket**
Generated by Claude
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**겉옷**을 안 가져와서 추웠어요
I didn't bring a **jacket**, so I was cold
Generated by Claude
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examples
바다
ocean
바다 is the sea/ocean. 해변 is the beach.
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저는 **바다**에서 수영하고 싶어요
I want to go swimming in the **ocean**
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기후변화 때문에 **바다** 해수면이 높아지고 있어요
The **ocean** level is rising because of climate change
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examples
해변
beach
해변 is the beach / seashore.
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저는 **해변**에 가고 싶어요
I want to go to the **beach**
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여름에는 **해변**에 사람이 많아요
In the summer, there are a lot of people at the **beach**
Generated by Claude
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examples
기후
climate
기후 is the long-term climate of a region. 날씨 is the weather of a given day.
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한국의 **기후**는 사계절이 뚜렷해요
Korea's **climate** has four distinct seasons
Generated by Claude
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캐나다의 **기후**는 매우 추워요
Canada's **climate** is very cold
Generated by Claude
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이 나라는 **기후**가 따뜻해요
This country has a warm **climate**
Generated by Claude
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examples
에어컨
air conditioner
에어컨 is the common (shortened) word for air conditioner. The verb is 틀다 (to turn on) / 끄다 (to turn off).
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더워서 **에어컨**을 틀고 싶어요
I want to turn the **air conditioner** on because it is hot
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**에어컨**이 고장 났어요
The **air conditioner** broke down
Generated by Claude
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examples
난방
heating
난방 is heating (a building, a room, a heater system). Compare 냉방 (cooling).
You will see these words written on signs indicating that the air conditioner or heater is on, and because of that, the owner of the building (or whatever) wants you to close the door after you come in or leave. For example, you might see "난방중". Another place you will see these is on the control console for the central heating/cooling in a building, where you can choose heat "난방" or cooling "냉방".
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이 방은 **난방** 중이다
This room is being **heated**
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examples
냉방
cooling (air conditioning)
냉방 is cooling / air conditioning. Compare 난방 (heating).
You will see these words written on signs indicating that the air conditioner or heater is on, and because of that, the owner of the building (or whatever) wants you to close the door after you come in or leave. For example, you might see "냉방중". Another place you will see these is on the control console for the central heating/cooling in a building, where you can choose heat "난방" or cooling "냉방".
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이 방은 **냉방** 중이다
This room is being air conditioned (**cooled**)
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examples
치다
to strike (lightning/thunder)
치다 has many meanings that depend on context:
- for lightning/thunder to strike (번개가 치다, 천둥이 치다)
- to play/hit (골프를 치다, 테니스를 치다)
It is not the same verb as 치우다 (to clear away).
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저는 천둥 **치는** 소리를 들었어요
I heard (the sound of) thunder **striking**
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골프를 **치고** 있었는데 갑자기 소나기가 왔어요
I was **playing** golf, and then suddenly it started to shower
Different meaning of 치다 (to play golf), not weather.
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번개가 **쳐서** 깜짝 놀랐어요
I was startled because lightning **struck**
Generated by Claude
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examples
쌓이다
to be piled up
The word 쌓이다 is used when it snows but the snow doesn't go away, and it continues to pile up more and more.
It is the passive form of 쌓다 (to pile something up).
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눈이 **쌓이고** 있어요
The snow is **piling up**
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눈이 많이 **쌓였어요**
A lot of snow **piled up**
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examples
오다
to come (rain/snow)
오다 is the everyday verb for rain/snow coming. 내리다 (to fall down) is also used, and sounds a little more descriptive.
오다 literally means "to come" and is also used for storms and seasons arriving (태풍이 오다, 봄이 오다).
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비가 **왔어요**
It rained (lit. rain **came**)
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비가 **와요**
It's raining (lit. rain is **coming**)
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눈이 **왔어요**
It snowed (lit. snow **came**)
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눈이 **와요**
It's snowing (lit. snow is **coming**)
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골프를 치고 있었는데 갑자기 소나기가 **왔어요**
I was playing golf, and then suddenly it started to shower
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examples
내리다
to fall (rain/snow)
내리다 = for rain/snow to fall down. It focuses on the falling motion, whereas 오다 is the plain everyday verb.
내리다 also means "to get off" (버스에서 내리다) and "to go down".
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비가 많이 **내려요**
It's raining a lot (lit. rain is **falling** a lot)
Generated by Claude
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어제 밤새 눈이 **내렸어요**
Snow **fell** all night yesterday
Generated by Claude
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서울에는 눈이 **내리고** 있어요
It's snowing in Seoul (lit. snow is **falling**)
Generated by Claude
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examples
피다
to bloom (flower)
피다 = for a flower to bloom. The opposite is 지다 (for a flower to wither), which also means 'to set' for the sun.
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꽃이 **피고** 있어요
The flowers are **blooming**
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봄에는 꽃이 많이 **피어요**
In the spring, a lot of flowers **bloom**
Generated by Claude
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벚꽃이 **피었어요**
The cherry blossoms have **bloomed**
Generated by Claude
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examples
지다
to set (sun)
지다 depends on context:
- for the sun to set (해가 지다)
- for flowers to wither/fall (꽃이 지다)
- to lose (경기에서 지다)
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여름에는 해가 늦게 **져요**
In the summer, the sun **sets** late
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겨울에는 해가 일찍 **져요**
In the winter, the sun **sets** early
Generated by Claude
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해가 **지고** 있어요
The sun is **setting**
Generated by Claude
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examples
뜨다
to rise (sun)
뜨다 depends on context: for the sun to rise (해가 뜨다), to float (물에 뜨다), and to open one's eyes (눈을 뜨다).
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여름에는 해가 일찍 **떠요**
In the summer, the sun **rises** early
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해가 **뜨기** 전에 일어났어요
I woke up before the sun **rose**
Generated by Claude
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examples
불다
to blow (wind)
불다 is also used for blowing something yourself (풍선을 불다, to blow up a balloon).
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바람이 심하게 **불어요**
The wind is **blowing** hard
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바람이 **불어서** 시원해요
The wind is **blowing**, so it's refreshing
Generated by Claude
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examples
틀다
to turn on (air conditioner/heater)
틀다 is used for appliances such as an air conditioner, heater, TV or music. For lights, 켜다 is more common.
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더워서 에어컨을 **틀고** 싶어요
I want to **turn on** the air conditioner because it is hot
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추워서 난방을 **틀었어요**
It was cold, so I **turned on** the heating
Generated by Claude
ko
en
notes
examples
끄다
to turn off
끄다 is the opposite of 틀다/켜다. It is a ㅡ-dropping verb: 꺼요, 껐어요.
ko
en
notes
에어컨을 **끄고** 나갔어요
I **turned off** the air conditioner and went out
Generated by Claude
ko
en
notes
나갈 때 난방을 **꺼요**
I **turn off** the heating when I go out
Generated by Claude
ko
en
notes
불을 **껐어요**
I **turned off** the light
Generated by Claude
ko
en
notes
examples
덥다
hot (weather)
덥다 is for hot weather or feeling hot. It is a ㅂ irregular adjective (더워요, 더운, 더워서).
For something hot to the touch (water, food), 뜨겁다 is used.
ko
en
날씨가 너무 **더워요**
The weather is too **hot**
ko
en
날씨가 너무 **더워서** 못 나가요
It's so **hot**, so I can't go outside
ko
en
**더워서** 에어컨을 틀고 싶어요
I want to turn the air conditioner on because it is **hot**
ko
en
**더운** 날씨가 괜찮은데 습한 날씨가 싫어요
**Hot** weather is okay, but I don't like humid weather
ko
en
날씨가 **더워서** 물을 많이 마셔야 해요
You must drink lots of water because it is **hot**
ko
en
notes
examples
춥다
cold (weather)
춥다 is a ㅂ irregular adjective (추워요, 추운, 추워서). Compare 쌀쌀하다 (chilly) and 서늘하다 (cool).
ko
en
날씨가 **추워요**
The weather is **cold**
ko
en
저는 **추운** 날씨를 좋아해요
I like **cold** weather
ko
en
날씨가 좀 **추워졌어요**
The weather got a little bit **cold**
ko
en
날씨는 주말에 **추워졌어**
The weather got **cold** over the weekend
ko
en
notes
examples
건조하다
dry
건조하다 is for dry air/weather/skin.
ko
en
캐나다에서는 공기가 **건조해요**
The air in Canada is **dry**
ko
en
가을에는 날씨가 매우 **건조해서** 산불이 많이 나요
Forest fires happen a lot in fall because the weather is very **dry**
ko
en
notes
examples
따뜻하다
warm
따뜻하다 is the standard spelling. 따듯하다 is also used (the pool uses 따듯해지고 있어요).
ko
en
날씨가 **따듯해지고** 있어요
The weather is getting **warmer**
ko
en
notes
봄에는 날씨가 **따뜻해요**
In the spring, the weather is **warm**
Generated by Claude
ko
en
notes
examples
습하다
humid
습하다 is for humid air/weather, common during the rainy season.
ko
en
더운 날씨가 괜찮은데 **습한** 날씨가 싫어요
Hot weather is okay, but I don't like **humid** weather
ko
en
notes
장마에는 공기가 **습해요**
The air is **humid** during the rainy season
Generated by Claude
ko
en
notes
examples
맑다
clear (sky/weather)
맑다 is for a clear sky, clear water, or a clear mind. It is pronounced [막따].
ko
en
하늘이 매우 **맑아요**
The sky is very **clear**
ko
en
notes
비가 그친 후에 하늘이 **맑아졌어요**
After the rain stopped, the sky became **clear**
Generated by Claude
ko
en
notes
examples
쌀쌀하다
chilly
쌀쌀하다 is colder than 서늘하다 and slightly uncomfortable, but not as cold as 춥다. Typical for late fall and early spring.
ko
en
날씨가 **쌀쌀해요**
The weather is **chilly**
ko
en
notes
가을 아침은 **쌀쌀해요**
Fall mornings are **chilly**
Generated by Claude
ko
en
notes
examples
서늘하다
cool (pleasantly)
서늘하다 is a pleasant coolness (e.g., a fresh breeze). Compare 쌀쌀하다 (chilly) and 춥다 (cold).
ko
en
날씨가 **서늘해요**
The weather is **cool**
ko
en
notes
저녁에는 **서늘한** 바람이 불어요
A **cool** breeze blows in the evening
Generated by Claude
ko
en
notes
examples
여름
summer
여름에는 = 'in the summer (as for summer)'. 여름마다 = every summer.
ko
en
**여름**에는 해가 일찍 떠요
In the **summer**, the sun rises early
ko
en
**여름**에는 해가 늦게 져요
In the **summer**, the sun sets late
ko
en
피부를 보호하기 위해 **여름**에는 자외선 차단제를 발라야 돼요
In order to protect your skin, you need to apply sun screen in the **summer**
ko
en
notes
examples
겨울
winter
겨울에는 = 'in the winter (as for winter)'.
ko
en
**겨울**에 한국 사람들이 문을 왜 안 닫는지 이해가 안 돼요
I don't understand why Korean people don't close the door in the **winter**
ko
en
notes
**겨울**에는 눈이 많이 와요
It snows a lot in the **winter**
Generated by Claude
ko
en
notes
examples
가을
fall
가을 = fall/autumn.
ko
en
**가을**에는 낙엽이 많이 떨어져요
In the **fall**, a lot of leaves fall to the ground
ko
en
**가을**에는 곡식을 수확해요
Grains are harvested in the **fall**
ko
en
**가을**에는 일교차가 크기 때문에 겉옷을 항상 준비해야 해요
You should always prepare outer clothes in the **fall** because of the big temperature difference
ko
en
**가을**에는 날씨가 매우 건조해서 산불이 많이 나요
Forest fires happen a lot in **fall** because the weather is very dry
ko
en
notes
examples
봄
spring
봄에는 = 'in the spring'. 봄마다 = every spring. 봄 also appears as a verb form of 보다 (e.g. 봄 as 'seeing'), but here it is the season.
ko
en
한국에는 황사가 중국에서 **봄**마다 와요
Yellow dust comes to Korea every **spring** from China
ko
en
**봄**에는 꽃가루 알레르기를 조심해야 해요
You need to be careful about pollen allergies in the **spring**
ko
en
notes
examples
영하
below zero
Korean says 영하 5도 (lit. below-zero 5 degrees) instead of 'minus 5'.
ko
en
notes
오늘 아침 기온은 **영하** 5도예요
This morning's temperature is 5 degrees **below zero**
Generated by Claude
ko
en
notes
밤에는 **영하**로 떨어져요
At night it drops **below zero**
Generated by Claude
ko
en
notes
겨울에는 **영하** 10도까지 내려가요
In the winter it goes down to 10 degrees **below zero**
Generated by Claude
ko
en
notes
examples
영상
above zero
영상 means "above zero" when talking about temperature, e.g. 영상 3도.
영상 also means "video/footage" in other contexts. Compare 영하 (below zero).
ko
en
notes
낮 기온은 **영상** 3도예요
The daytime temperature is 3 degrees **above zero**
Generated by Claude
ko
en
notes
내일은 **영상**으로 올라갈 거예요
Tomorrow it will go **above zero**
Generated by Claude
ko
en
notes
**영상** 20도라서 따뜻해요
It's 20 degrees **above zero**, so it's warm
Generated by Claude
summer_weather
fall_weather
winter_weather
spring_weather
storms
general
ko
en
notes
비가 왔어요
It rained
Mainly past tense: "It rained". The sentence pool also lists "It's raining" for this sentence (rain that has come and is still around), but for a plain present "It's raining" use 비가 와요.
ko
en
notes
비가 와요
It's raining
Present tense. 오다 (to come) is the everyday verb for rain/snow; 내리다 (to fall down) is also used.
ko
en
notes
날씨가 너무 더워요
The weather is too hot
너무 means 'too/so' and is used in casual speech even when it is not negative.
ko
en
notes
날씨가 너무 더워서 못 나가요
It's so hot, so I can't go outside
못 + verb = can't / unable to. -아/어서 = because/so. 나가다 = to go out.
ko
en
notes
저는 바다에서 수영하고 싶어요
I want to go swimming in the ocean
-고 싶어요 = want to. 에서 marks where the action happens.
ko
en
notes
저는 해변에 가고 싶어요
I want to go to the beach
에 marks the destination of 가다.
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골프를 치고 있었는데 갑자기 소나기가 왔어요
I was playing golf, and then suddenly it started to shower
치다 here means "to play (golf)", not "to strike (lightning)". Context decides the meaning.
-는데 sets up the background, then the new event follows ("and then").
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en
notes
내일 기온이 30도까지 올라갈 거에요
The temperature tomorrow is going to go up to 30 degrees
Standard spelling is 거예요; 거에요 is a common informal spelling and is kept as in the pool. 까지 = up to.
ko
en
notes
다음 주까지 폭염이 예상됩니다
A heat wave is expected until next week
"(to last)" is implied: the heat wave is expected to continue until next week.
예상되다 = to be expected. -ㅂ니다 is the formal style used in weather forecasts and news.
ko
en
notes
이 방은 냉방 중이다
This room is being air conditioned
-중이다 = in the middle of (doing). The plain -이다 ending is typical on signs and notices.
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en
notes
한국에서는 장마가 7월에 있어요
There is a rainy season in Korea in July
에서는 = 'in (as for)', adds a topic feel. 있어요 = there is / exists.
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장마가 다음 주부터 시작될 거에요
The rainy season will start from next week
시작되다 = to begin (by itself). 부터 = from.
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notes
날씨가 좋아서 밖에 가고 싶어요
I want to go outside because the weather is nice
밖 = outside. -아/어서 = because.
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en
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더워서 에어컨을 틀고 싶어요
I want to turn the air conditioner on because it is hot
틀다 is the verb for turning on an air conditioner/heater.
ko
en
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더운 날씨가 괜찮은데 습한 날씨가 싫어요
Hot weather is okay, but I don't like humid weather
-ㄴ/은데 here sets up a contrast ('but'). 싫어요 = dislike.
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notes
여름에는 해가 일찍 떠요
In the summer, the sun rises early
뜨다 = for the sun to rise.
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en
notes
여름에는 해가 늦게 져요
In the summer, the sun sets late
지다 = for the sun to set.
ko
en
notes
날씨가 더워서 물을 많이 마셔야 해요
You must drink lots of water because it is hot
-아/어야 해요 = must / have to. The subject 'you' is implied.
ko
en
notes
피부를 보호하기 위해 여름에는 자외선 차단제를 발라야 돼요
In order to protect your skin, you need to apply sun screen in the summer
바르다 is a 르 irregular verb (발라). -기 위해 = in order to. 돼요 and 해요 are interchangeable after -아/어야.
ko
en
notes
단풍이 예뻐요
The autumn leaves are pretty
단풍 refers to the leaves changing color in autumn (the changing of the color of the leaves).
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en
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낙엽 때문에 산길이 미끄러워요
The path is slippery because of the fallen leaves
산길 = mountain path ("(mountain)" path).
미끄럽다 is a ㅂ irregular adjective (미끄러워요). 때문에 = because of (after a noun).
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notes
날씨가 서늘해요
The weather is cool
서늘하다 is a pleasant, fresh coolness. See also 쌀쌀하다 (chilly).
ko
en
notes
날씨가 쌀쌀해요
The weather is chilly
쌀쌀하다 is colder than 서늘하다 and feels a bit uncomfortable, but it is not as cold as 춥다.
ko
en
notes
하늘이 매우 맑아요
The sky is very clear
매우 = very (slightly more formal than 아주).
ko
en
notes
가을에는 낙엽이 많이 떨어져요
In the fall, a lot of leaves fall to the ground
떨어지다 = to fall (drop).
ko
en
notes
가을에는 곡식을 수확해요
Grains are harvested in the fall
The Korean sentence is active ('(people) harvest grain'); the English is passive.
ko
en
notes
다음 주에 태풍이 올 거에요
There will be a typhoon next week
Literally 'a typhoon will come'. 오다 is used for storms arriving.
ko
en
notes
가을에는 일교차가 크기 때문에 겉옷을 항상 준비해야 해요
You should always prepare outer clothes in the fall because the temperature can be very different from morning to night
겉옷 = outer clothes (like a jacket). 일교차 = the difference in temperature within a day.
-기 때문에 = because (verb/adjective). 항상 = always.
ko
en
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가을에는 날씨가 매우 건조해서 산불이 많이 나요
Forest fires happen a lot in fall because the weather is very dry
불이 나다 = for a fire to break out. 나다 is used for things that appear or occur (fire, smell, noise).
ko
en
notes
날씨가 추워요
The weather is cold
춥다 is a ㅂ irregular adjective (추워요).
ko
en
notes
눈이 왔어요
It snowed
Mainly past tense. The pool also lists 'It's snowing'; for a plain present use 눈이 와요.
ko
en
notes
눈이 와요
It's snowing
Present tense.
ko
en
notes
눈이 많이 쌓였어요
A lot of snow piled up
The pool had the typo 싸였어요; the correct form is 쌓였어요 (past of 쌓이다).
ko
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notes
얼음 때문에 길이 미끄러워요
The road is slippery because of the ice
얼음 = ice. 길 = road/path/way.
ko
en
notes
눈을 치워야 돼요
We have to clear the snow
치우다 = to clear away/remove (not the same as 치다). The subject 'we/you' is implied.
ko
en
notes
이 방은 난방 중이다
This room is being heated
Typically seen on signs: the heater is on, so please close the door. See the notes for 난방.
ko
en
notes
소금을 뿌려야 돼요
We have to throw salt on the ground
뿌리다 = to sprinkle/scatter. Salt is spread to melt the ice.
ko
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notes
저는 추운 날씨를 좋아해요
I like cold weather
추운 is the modifier form of 춥다 (ㅂ irregular).
ko
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저는 걷다가 길이 미끄러워서 넘어졌어요
I was walking and then fell because the road was slippery
-다가 = while doing X, something interrupts. 넘어지다 = to fall over.
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notes
눈이 쌓이고 있어요
The snow is piling up
The word 쌓이다 is used when it snows but the snow doesn't go away, and it continues to pile up more and more.
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en
notes
겨울에 한국 사람들이 문을 왜 안 닫는지 이해가 안 돼요
I don't understand why Korean people don't close the door in the winter
-는지 = embedded 'why/whether' question. 이해가 안 돼요 = I can't understand / it doesn't make sense to me.
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en
notes
꽃이 피고 있어요
The flowers are blooming
피다 = for a flower to bloom. -고 있다 = ongoing.
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en
notes
눈이 다 녹았어요
The snow is all melted
녹다 = to melt. The past tense expresses the resulting state ('has melted').
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en
notes
날씨가 따듯해지고 있어요
The weather is getting warmer
-아/어지다 = to become. 따듯하다 is a variant spelling of 따뜻하다.
ko
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notes
한국에는 황사가 중국에서 봄마다 와요
Yellow dust comes to Korea every spring from China
-마다 = every. 봄마다 = every spring.
ko
en
notes
봄에는 꽃가루 알레르기를 조심해야 해요
You need to be careful about pollen allergies in the spring
꽃가루 = pollen (flower + powder). 조심하다 = to be careful.
ko
en
notes
황사를 피하기 위해 마스크를 써야 해요
You should wear a mask to avoid the yellow dust
The pool translation adds 'in the spring', which is implied by context. 쓰다 = to wear (mask, hat, glasses).
ko
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오늘 황사가 심해서 밖에 나가면 안 돼요
You shouldn't go outside today because the yellow dust is bad
-(으)면 안 돼요 = must not. 심하다 = severe/bad.
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en
notes
저는 우산을 안 가져왔어요
I didn't bring an umbrella
가져오다 = to bring (take something and come).
ko
en
notes
우산을 씌워 주세요
Put the umbrella over me
씌우다 is the causative of 쓰다: to hold/put (an umbrella) over someone. 우산을 쓰다 = to use an umbrella yourself.
ko
en
notes
저는 천둥 치는 소리를 들었어요
I heard thunder
Literally "I heard the sound of thunder striking". 듣다 is a ㄷ irregular verb (들었어요).
ko
en
notes
비옷을 사야겠어요
I'll have to buy a rain jacket
-아/어야겠다 = I'll have to / I'd better (a decision made on the spot).
ko
en
notes
기후변화 때문에 바다 해수면이 높아지고 있어요
The sea level is rising because of climate change
해수면 = sea level. 높아지다 = to become higher.
ko
en
notes
캐나다에서는 공기가 건조해요
The air in Canada is dry
건조하다 = dry (air, weather).
ko
en
notes
바람이 심하게 불어요
The wind is blowing hard
심하게 = severely/hard. 불다 = for wind to blow.
ko
en
notes
날씨가 좀 추워졌어요
The weather got a little bit cold
좀 = a little. -아/어지다 (past) = became.
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notes
날씨는 주말에 추워졌어
The weather got cold over the weekend
Casual speech (반말), with no 요. 는 marks the topic (the weather, in contrast to other things).
ko
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notes
구름이 그쳤어요
The clouds cleared up
Kept as given in the pool. 그치다 normally describes rain/snow stopping (비가 그쳤어요); for clouds clearing, 구름이 걷혔어요 is more natural.
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notes
가뭄 때문에 물을 아껴 써야 돼요
We need to conserve water because of the drought
아껴 쓰다 = to use sparingly / save.
(Theme) Unit 1: #5 – Weather
Introduction
The easiest fall-back conversation topic when you have nothing to talk about! Everybody loves talking about the weather, especially when it is bad!
Below is a list of vocabulary you may find useful when talking about the weather in Korean.
Vocabulary
Nouns
날씨 = weather
기온 = temperature
공기 = air
비 = rain
눈 = snow
바람 = wind
이슬비 = drizzle
눈바람 = blizzard
폭염 = heat wave
장마 = rainy season
가뭄 = drought
기후변화 = climate change
번개 = lightning
천둥 = thunder
소나기 = shower
태풍 = typhoon
단풍 = changing of the color of leaves in autumn
낙엽 = fallen leavings in autumn
황사 = yellow dust that comes in the spring in Korea
하늘 = sky
구름 = clouds
해 = sun
일교차 = the difference in temperature within a day
산불 = forest fire
자외선 = UV rays
자외선 차단제 = sun screen
내복 = long johns/long underwear
우산 = umbrella
비옷 = rain jacket
겉옷 = outer clothes (like a jacket)
바다 = ocean
해변 = beach
기후 = climate
에어컨 = air conditioner
난방 = heating
냉방 = cooling/air conditioning
You will see these words written on signs indicating that the air conditioner or heater is on, and because of that, the owner of the building (or whatever) wants you to close the door after you come in or leave. For example, you might see “냉방중.” Another place you will see these is written on a control console for the central heating/cooling in a building. Here, you would have the option of choosing heat “난방” or cooling “냉방”
Verbs/Passive verbs
치다 = for lightning/thunder to strike
쌓이다 = to be piled up
오다 = for rain/snow to come
내리다 = for rain/snow to fall down
피다 = for a flower to bloom
지다 = for the sun to set
뜨다 = for the sun to rise
불다 = for wind to blow
틀다 = to turn on (an air conditioner, heater)
끄다 = to turn off
Adjectives
덥다 = hot
춥다 = cold
건조하다 = dry
따뜻하다 = warm
습하다 = humid
맑다 = clear
쌀쌀하다 = chilly
서늘하다 = cool
Seasons
여름 = summer
겨울 = winter
가을 = fall
봄 = spring
Other
영하 = below zero
영상 = above zero
For help memorizing these words, try using our Memrise tool.
Sentences
Now let’s look at some specific sentences that you may find useful when talking about the weather:
Summer Weather
비가 왔어요 = It’s raining/It rained
비가 와요 = It’s raining
날씨가 너무 더워요 = The weather is too hot
날씨가 너무 더워서 못 나가요 = It’s so hot, so I can’t go outside
저는 바다에서 수영하고 싶어요 = I want to go swimming in the ocean
저는 해변에 가고 싶어요 = I want to go to the beach
골프를 치고 있었는데 갑자기 소나기가 왔어요 = I was playing golf, and then suddenly it started to shower
내일 기온이 30도까지 올라갈 거에요 = The temperature tomorrow is going to go up to 30 degrees
다음 주까지 폭염이 예상됩니다 = A heat wave is expected (to last) until next week
이 방은 냉방 중이다 = This room is being air conditioned
한국에서는 장마가 7월에 있어요 = There is a rainy season in Korea in July
장마가 다음 주부터 시작될 거에요 = The rainy season will start from next week
날씨가 좋아서 밖에 가고 싶어요 = I want to go outside because the weather is nice
더워서 에어컨을 틀고 싶어요 = I want to turn the air conditioner on because it is hot
더운 날씨가 괜찮은데 습한 날씨가 싫어요 = Hot weather is okay, but I don’t like humid weather
여름에는 해가 일찍 떠요 = In the summer, the sun rises early
여름에는 해가 늦게 져요 = In the summer, the sun sets late
날씨가 더워서 물을 많이 마셔야 해요 = You must drink lots of water because it is hot
피부를 보호하기 위해 여름에는 자외선 차단제를 발라 야 돼요 = In order to protect your skin, you need to apply sun screen in the summer
Fall Weather
단풍이 예뻐요 = The (changing of the color of) leaves is pretty
낙엽 때문에 산길이 미끄러워요 = The (mountain) path is slippery because of the fallen leaves
날씨가 서늘해요 = the weather is cool
날씨가 쌀쌀해요 = the weather is chilly
하늘이 매우 맑아요 = The sky is very clear
가을에는 낙엽이 많이 떨어져요 = In the fall, a lot of leaves fall to the ground
가을에는 곡식을 수확해요 = Grains are harvested in the fall
다음 주에 태풍이 올 거에요 = There will be a typhoon next week
가을에는 일교차가 크기 때문에 겉옷을 항상 준비해야 해요 = You should always prepare outer clothes (like a jacket) in the fall because the temperature can be very different from morning to night
가을에는 날씨가 매우 건조해서 산불이 많이 나요 = Forest fires happen a lot in fall because the weather is very dry
Winter Weather
날씨가 추워요 = The weather is cold
눈이 왔어요 = It’s snowing/It snowed
눈이 와요 = It’s snowing
눈이 많이 싸였어요 = A lot of snow piled up
얼음 때문에 길이 미끄러워요 = The road is slippery because of the ice
눈을 치워야 돼요 = We have to clear the snow
이방은 난방 중이다 = This room is being heated
소금을 뿌려야 돼요 = We have to throw salt on the ground
저는 추운 날씨를 좋아해요 = I like cold weather
저는 걷다가 길이 미끄러워서 넘어졌어요 = I was walking and then fell because the road was slippery
눈이 쌓이고 있어요 = The snow is piling up
The word “쌓이다” is used when it snows but the snow doesn’t go away, and it continues to pile up more and more
겨울에 한국 사람들이 문을 왜 안 닫는지 이해가 안 돼요 = I don’t understand why Korean people don’t close the door in the winter
Spring Weather
꽃이 피고 있어요 = The flowers are blooming
눈이 다 녹았어요 = The snow is all melted
날씨가 따듯해지고 있어요 = The weather is getting warmer
한국에는 황사가 중국에서 봄마다 와요 = Yellow dust comes to Korea ever spring from China
봄에는 꽃가루 알레르기를 조심해 야 해요 = You need to be careful about pollen allergies in the spring
황사를 피하기 위해 마스크를 써야 해요 = You should put on a mask in the spring to avoid the yellow dust
오늘 황사가 심해서 밖에 나가면 안 돼요 = You shouldn’t go outside today because the yellow dust is bad
Storms
저는 우산을 안 가져왔어요 = I didn’t bring an umbrella
우산을 씌워 주세요 = Put the umbrella over me
저는 천둥 치는 소리를 들었어요 = I heard (the sound of) thunder
비옷을 사야겠어요 = I’ll have to buy a rain jacket
General
기후변화 때문에 바다 해수면이 높아지고 있어요 = The sea level is rising because of climate change
캐나다에서는 공기가 건조해요 = The air in Canada is dry
바람이 심하게 불어요 = The wind is blowing hard
날씨가 좀 추워졌어요 = The weather got a little bit cold
날씨는 주말에 추워졌어 = The weather got cold over the weekend
구름이 그쳤어요 = The clouds cleared up
가뭄 때문에 물을 아껴 써야 돼요 = We need to conserve water because of the drought
Weather in Korea
The following is my experience of Korean weather from my time in Seoul. Of course, the weather will be different depending on where you go.
Korea experiences four seasons: summer, fall, winter and spring. Fall and spring are generally very pleasant and dry. Mid-day temperatures in the fall and spring usually hover around 20 – 25 degrees (Celsius). Although most of the spring is nice, a “yellow dust” (황사) usually arrives from China sometime in early spring which prevents a lot of Korean people from wanting to go outside. Citizens are often advised not to do exercise outside when the dust levels are high, and to wear masks
In the summer, the temperature goes up and the air is humid. Temperatures may rise to 30 degrees or above. This isn’t terribly bad on its own, but the humidity adds to the heat. A rainy season (장마) comes every year sometime in July, and typically only lasts for a few weeks.
Winters are cold, but depending on where you are from, this may not be seen as terribly cold. I’m from Canada, where temperatures commonly drop to -20 degrees, coupled with 10-20 centimeters of snow overnight sometimes. When I moved to Korea the winters were much more bearable, especially because it doesn’t snow that often.
What really makes the winters seem cold is the strange culture of not wanting to heat entire public buildings. When you walk into a public building in Korea in the winter, individual businesses within the building will (usually) be heated, but the building itself will not. This is the same if you walk into most apartment buildings as well. That is, although people’s individual apartments will (again, usually) be heated, the hallways and entrances are not heated.
Heating in homes in the winter is done through something called 온돌. The 온돌 is a system in which the floors are heated. Korean traditional houses historically had their heat come through the floor, and this culture has continued to this day through the 온돌 system. Many Korean people do not sleep in a bed but instead sleep on the floor (this culture is also changing), which is one benefit of having the 온돌 system. It takes a little while to get used to not having a central heating system in your house, but there is nothing like falling to sleep on a heated floor.
That’s it for this lesson!
Have something you want to include? Want to know how to say a sentence in Korean? Post in the thread designated to this specific lesson in our Forum, and we will add it to this lesson.
