1340 lines
75 KiB
Markdown
1340 lines
75 KiB
Markdown
---
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vocabulary:
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korean_num:
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- ko: 하나
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v1.mp3
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en: one
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- ko: 둘
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v2.mp3
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en: two
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- ko: 셋
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v3.mp3
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en: three
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- ko: 넷
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v4.mp3
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en: four
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- ko: 다섯
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v5.mp3
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en: five
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- ko: 여섯
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v6.mp3
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en: six
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- ko: 일곱
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v7.mp3
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en: seven
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- ko: 여덟
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v8.mp3
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en: eight
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- ko: 아홉
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v9.mp3
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en: nine
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- ko: 열
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v10.mp3
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en: ten
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- ko: 스물
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v11.mp3
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en: twenty
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- ko: 서른
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v12.mp3
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en: thirty
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- ko: 마흔
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v13.mp3
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en: forty
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- ko: 쉰
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v14.mp3
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en: fifty
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- ko: 공
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v29.mp3
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en: zero (nothing)
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chinese_num:
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- ko: 일
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v15.mp3
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en: one (1)
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- ko: 이
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v16.mp3
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en: two (2)
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- ko: 삼
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v17.mp3
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en: three (3)
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- ko: 사
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v18.mp3
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en: four (4)
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- ko: 오
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v19.mp3
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en: five (5)
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- ko: 육
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v20.mp3
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en: six (6)
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- ko: 칠
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v21.mp3
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en: seven (7)
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- ko: 팔
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v22.mp3
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en: eight (8)
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- ko: 구
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v23.mp3
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en: nine (9)
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- ko: 십
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v24.mp3
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en: ten (10)
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- ko: 백
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v25.mp3
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en: one hundred (100)
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- ko: 천
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v26.mp3
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en: one thousand (1000)
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- ko: 만
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v27.mp3
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en: ten thousand (10000)
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- ko: 영
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v28.mp3
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en: zero (0)
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ordinal:
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- ko: 처음
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v30.mp3
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en: the first time/beginning
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notes: |
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<p>This can be used in sentences when you are talking about the first time something is being done. Or it can be used as an adverb to have the meaning "in the beginning"</p>
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<p>See below in this lesson for more information.</p>
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examples:
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- ko: 저는 **처음에** 우리 학교가 좋지 않았어요
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en: I didn't like our school at **first**
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- ko: 저는 어제 공항에 **처음** 갔어요
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en: Yesterday, I went to the airport for the **first time**
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- ko: 저는 내일 한국에 **처음** 갈 것입니다
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-54.mp3
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en: I will go to Korea for the **first time** tomorrow
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- ko: 그들은 저를 **처음**부터 싫어했어요
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en: They didn't like me from the **start**
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- ko: 저는 그것을 **처음**부터 끝까지 복습했어요
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en: I reviewed that from **start** to finish
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- ko: 저는 그 책을 **처음**부터 끝까지 읽었어요
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en: I read that book from **start** to finish
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- ko: 그녀는 **처음**으로 그녀의 감정을 드러냈어요
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en: For the **first time**, she revealed her emotions
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- ko: 마지막
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v31.mp3
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en: last
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notes: |
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<p>There are two similar but different meanings for the word "last" in English. 마지막 is used for only ONE of those meanings. 마지막 is used to talk about something that is the last thing in the end of sequence – as in "first meal… second meal… third meal… fourth meal… last meal." It is NOT used to talk about something in the past, as in "last night I went to bed late." See below in this lesson for more information.</p>
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examples:
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- ko: 이 수업은 우리의 **마지막** 수업이에요
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en: This is our **last** class
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- ko: 이것은 저의 **마지막** 기회이다
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en: This is my **last** chance
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- ko: 저는 **마지막** 수업을 안 들었어요
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en: I didn't attend the **last** class
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- ko: 저는 **마지막** 것을 안 봤어요
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-50.mp3
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en: I didn't see the **last** thing
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- ko: 우리는 결국 **마지막** 경기에서 졌어요
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en: We ended up losing in the **last** game
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- ko: 교수님은 **마지막** 수업이 끝나고 학생들을 위해 식사를 샀어요
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en: The professor bought a meal for the students after the **last** class
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- ko: 번째
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v32.mp3
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en: counter for 1st/2nd/3rd/etc..
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notes: |
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<p>This can be added as a counter after a number to mean 1st/2nd/3rd/etc.</p>
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<p>When saying "first", "첫" replaces "한".</p>
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<p>After "first," you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 - 4 change when 번째 follows.</p>
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<p>After the number four, the words don't change when adding 번째.</p>
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examples:
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- ko: 저는 열 **번째로 도착한** 사람이었어요
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en: I was the 10**th** person to arrive
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- ko: 첫 번째
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v33.mp3
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en: first (1st)
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notes: |
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<p>Can be shortened to "첫째" in some situations, usually when the following word is a counter or somebody's children. For example: "첫째 아들" = "first son", "첫째 주" = "first week"</p>
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examples:
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- ko: 저의 **첫** **번째** 친구는 착했어요
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-33.mp3
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en: My **first** friend was nice
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- ko: 그 사람은 서울에서 부산까지 걸은 첫 **번째** 사람이었다
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en: That person was the **first** person who walked from Seoul to Busan
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- ko: 두 번째
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v34.mp3
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en: second (2nd)
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notes: |
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<p>Can be shortened to "둘째" in some situations, usually when the following word is a counter or somebody's children. For example: "둘째 아들" = "second daughter", "둘째 날" = "second day"</p>
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examples:
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- ko: 그 **두** **번째** 선생님은 똑똑했어요
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-35.mp3
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en: That **second** teacher was smart
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- ko: 우리는 **두** **번째** 날에 서울에 갔어요
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en: We went to Seoul on the **second** day
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counters:
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- ko: 개
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v35.mp3
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en: counter for things
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notes: |
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<p>Counters are used in Korean to count various things. Different counters are used for things like people, books, animals, etc. "개" is the general counter that can be used to count most things that don't have a specific counter (or if you don't know the specific counter-word for something). See below in this lesson for more information.</p>
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examples:
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- ko: 펜 두 **개**를 주세요
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en: Give me two pens, please
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- ko: 저는 사과 한 **개**를 샀어요
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en: I bought one apple
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- ko: 저는 펜 두 **개**가 더 있어요
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en: I have two more pens
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- ko: 번
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v36.mp3
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en: counter for behaviors/actions
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notes: |
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<p>This can be used to indicate the amount of times something is done. In the end, it acts as an adverb and particles are not usually attached to it.</p>
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examples:
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- ko: 저는 한국에 5**번** 갔어요
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en: I went to Korea 5 **times**
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- ko: 저는 학교에 몇 **번** 갔어요
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en: I went to school a few/some **times**
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- ko: 명
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v37.mp3
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en: counter for people
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examples:
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- ko: 사람 두 **명**이 왔어요
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en: two **people** came
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- ko: 저는 사람 몇 **명**을 만났어요
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en: I met some **people**
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- ko: 저는 어제 다섯 **명**의 친구를 만났어요
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en: I met 5 friends yesterday
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- ko: 대
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v38.mp3
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en: counter for automobiles
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examples:
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- ko: 저는 차 세 **대**가 있어요
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en: I have 3 cars
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- ko: 잔
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v39.mp3
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en: counter for a 'glass' of ____
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examples:
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- ko: 아저씨! 맥주 두 **잔** 주세요!
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en: Sir! Two **glasses** of beer, please!
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- ko: 저는 우유 두 **잔**을 마셨어요
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en: I drank two **glasses** of milk
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- ko: 시
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v40.mp3
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en: o'clock
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notes: |
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<p>When telling time, "시" is put after the hour. For example: 5시 = 5:00</p>
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<p>When talking about "hours," the word "시간" is used. See Lesson 11 for more information.</p>
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examples:
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- ko: 지금은 6**시**30분이에요
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en: Now, it is 6:30
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- ko: 1**시**에서 2**시**까지 오세요
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en: Please come from 1:00 to 2:00
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- ko: 3**시**까지 기다릴 거예요
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en: I will wait until 3:00
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- ko: 분
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v41.mp3
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en: minute
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notes: |
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<p>When telling time, "분" is put after the minute. It also means "minute" in regular situations. See Lesson 11 for more information.</p>
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examples:
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- ko: 우리가 30**분** 후에 만날래요?
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en: Shall we meet in 30 **minutes**?
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- ko: 우리학교에서 식당까지 10**분** 걸려요
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en: It takes 10 **minutes** to get from our school to the restaurant
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- ko: 구름은 5**분** 전에 걷혔어요
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en: The clouds cleared up 5 **minutes** ago
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- ko: 수업은 2 **분** 후에 끝날 거예요
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en: Class will finish 2 **minutes** from now
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- ko: 이 버스는 10**분**마다 와요
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en: This bus comes each/every 10 **minutes**
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- ko: 초
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v42.mp3
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en: second
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examples:
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- ko: 10 **초** 동안 조금 어색했어요
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en: It was awkward for 10 **seconds**
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- ko: 저는 2**초** 동안 달렸어요
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en: I ran for 2 **seconds**
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- ko: 살
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v43.mp3
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en: years old
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notes: |
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<p>When using a number before "살," you should use the Korean numbers. However, once you get above 50, it is not uncommon to use the Chinese numbers.</p>
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examples:
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- ko: 저의 여자 친구는 스물 **살**이에요
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en: My girlfriend is 20 **years old**
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sentence:
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sino_korean_num:
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- ko: 십일
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en: "11"
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notes: (10 + 1)
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- ko: 이십
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en: "20"
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notes: (2 x 10)
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- ko: 이십일
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en: "21"
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notes: (2 x 10 + 1)
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- ko: 이십이
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en: "22"
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notes: (2 x 10 + 2)
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- ko: 백일
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en: "101"
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notes: (100 + 1)
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- ko: 백이
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en: "102"
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notes: (100 + 2)
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- ko: 백구십
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en: "190"
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notes: (100 + 90)
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- ko: 구백
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en: "900"
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notes: (9 x 100)
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- ko: 천구백
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en: "1900"
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notes: (1000 + 9 x 100)
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- ko: 오천
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en: "5000"
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notes: (5 x 1000)
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- ko: 오천육백
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en: "5600"
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notes: (5 x 1000 + 6 x 100)
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- ko: 십만
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en: one hundred thousand
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- ko: 백만
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en: one million
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- ko: 천만
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en: ten million
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counter:
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- ko: 사람 두 명
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-1.mp3
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en: 2 people
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notes: &counter-change |
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<ul>
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<li>1 = 하나 -> 한</li>
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<li>2 = 둘 -> 두</li>
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<li>3 = 셋 -> 세</li>
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<li>4 = 넷 -> 네</li>
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<li>20 = 스물 -> 스무</li>
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</ul>
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- ko: 사람 한 명
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-3.mp3
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en: 1 person
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notes: *counter-change
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- ko: 펜 다섯 개
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-5.mp3
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en: 5 pens
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notes: *counter-change
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- ko: 펜 마흔네 개
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-7.mp3
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en: 44 pens
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notes: *counter-change
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- ko: 두 명의 사람
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-2.mp3
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en: 2 people
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- ko: 한 명의 사람
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-4.mp3
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en: 1 person
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- ko: 다섯 개의 펜
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audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-6.mp3
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en: 5 pens
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- ko: 마흔네 개의 펜
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||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-8.mp3
|
||
en: 44 pens
|
||
|
||
- ko: 나는 펜 네 개를 샀어
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-1.mp3
|
||
en: I bought four pens
|
||
- ko: 나는 햄버거 두 개를 먹었어
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-2.mp3
|
||
en: I ate two hamburgers
|
||
- ko: 나는 어제 친구 다섯 명을 만났어
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-3.mp3
|
||
en: I met five friends yesterday
|
||
|
||
- ko: 나는 네 개의 펜을 샀어
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-12.mp3
|
||
en: I bought four pens
|
||
- ko: 나는 두 개의 햄버거를 먹었어
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-13.mp3
|
||
en: I ate two hamburgers
|
||
- ko: 나는 어제 다섯 명의 친구를 만났어
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-1.mp3
|
||
en: I met five friends yesterday
|
||
|
||
- ko: 그 사람은 차 네 대가 있어요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-4.mp3
|
||
en: That person has four cars
|
||
- ko: 저는 우유 두 잔을 샀어요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-5.mp3
|
||
en: I bought two glasses of milk
|
||
- ko: 저는 땅콩 두 개를 먹었어요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-6.mp3
|
||
en: I ate two peanuts
|
||
|
||
번:
|
||
- ko: 저는 어제 학교에 세 번 갔어요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-18.mp3
|
||
en: I went to school three times yesterday
|
||
notes: *counter-change
|
||
- ko: 저는 그 영화를 다섯 번 봤어요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-19.mp3
|
||
en: I saw that movie five times
|
||
- ko: 저는 오늘 두 번 운동할 것입니다
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-20.mp3
|
||
en: I will exercise twice (two times) today
|
||
- ko: 저는 어제 고기를 두 번 먹었어요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-7.mp3
|
||
en: I ate meat twice yesterday
|
||
- ko: 저는 오늘 축구를 네 번 할 거예요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-8.mp3
|
||
en: I will play soccer four times today
|
||
|
||
time:
|
||
- ko: 2시 30분
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-23.mp3
|
||
en: 두 시 삼십 분
|
||
notes:
|
||
- 두 시 삼십 분
|
||
- &time-number-types |
|
||
The pure Korean numbers are used when saying the hour number, whereas the Sino-Korean numbers are used when saying the minute number.
|
||
|
||
- ko: 3시 10분
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-24.mp3
|
||
en: 세 시 십 분
|
||
notes:
|
||
- 세 시 십 분
|
||
- *time-number-types
|
||
- ko: 12시 50분
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-25.mp3
|
||
en: 열두 시 오십 분
|
||
notes:
|
||
- 열두 시 오십 분
|
||
- *time-number-types
|
||
|
||
- ko: 나는 5시에 먹을 거야
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-26.mp3
|
||
en: I will eat at 5:00
|
||
- ko: 나는 2시 30분에 왔어
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-2.mp3
|
||
en: I came at 2:30
|
||
- ko: 우리는 야구를 1시에 할 거예요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-9.mp3
|
||
en: We will play baseball at 1:00
|
||
- ko: 우리는 7시 20분에 시작할 거예요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s1.mp3
|
||
en: We will start at 7:20
|
||
|
||
살:
|
||
- ko: 저는 열 살이에요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s2.mp3
|
||
en: I am ten years old
|
||
- ko: 저의 여자 친구는 스물여섯 살이에요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s3.mp3
|
||
en: My girlfriend is twenty six years old
|
||
|
||
- ko: 몇 살이에요?
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s4.mp3
|
||
en: How old are you?
|
||
|
||
번째:
|
||
- ko: 저의 **첫 번째** 친구는 착했어요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-33.mp3
|
||
en: My **first** friend was nice
|
||
- ko: 저는 **첫 번째** 차를 싫어했어요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-10.mp3
|
||
en: I didn’t like that **first** car
|
||
|
||
- ko: 그 **두 번째** 선생님은 똑똑했어요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-35.mp3
|
||
en: That second teacher was smart
|
||
- ko: 저는 **두 번째** 남자를 골랐어요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-11.mp3
|
||
en: I chose the **second** man
|
||
|
||
- ko: 이 여권은 저의 **세 번**째 여권이에요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-12.mp3
|
||
en: This passport is my **third** passport
|
||
- ko: 저는 **세 번**째 문을 열었어요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-13.mp3
|
||
en: I opened the **third** door
|
||
|
||
- ko: 저는 **네 번째** 사람이었어요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-14.mp3
|
||
en: I was the **fourth** person
|
||
- ko: 이 아이는 저의 **네 번째 **아들이에요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-15.mp3
|
||
en: This person is my **fourth** son
|
||
|
||
- ko: 이 수업은 오늘 저의 열 번째 수업입니다
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-16.mp3
|
||
en: This is my **tenth** class today
|
||
- ko: 저는 백 번째 페이지를 읽었어요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-17.mp3
|
||
en: I read the 100**th** page
|
||
|
||
첫째:
|
||
- ko: 우리 **둘째** 아들은 고등학생이에요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-18.mp3
|
||
en: Our **second** son is a high school student
|
||
notes: &ordinal-shortening |
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>첫 번째 = 첫째 = first</li>
|
||
<li>두 번째 = 둘째 = second</li>
|
||
<li>세 번째 = 셋째 = third</li>
|
||
<li>네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth</li>
|
||
<li>etc.…</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
- ko: 우리 **셋째** 아이는 야구를 좋아해요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-19.mp3
|
||
en: Our **third** child likes baseball
|
||
notes: *ordinal-shortening
|
||
- ko: 이 아이는 우리 **첫째** 아들이에요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-20.mp3
|
||
en: This (child) is our **first** son
|
||
notes: *ordinal-shortening
|
||
|
||
- ko: 우리 **둘째**는 고등학생이에요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-21.mp3
|
||
en: Our **second** (child) is a high school student
|
||
notes: *ordinal-shortening
|
||
- ko: 우리 **셋째**는 야구를 좋아해요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-22.mp3
|
||
en: Our **third** (child) likes baseball
|
||
notes: *ordinal-shortening
|
||
- ko: 이 아이는 우리 **첫째**예요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-23.mp3
|
||
en: This (child) is our **first** (child)
|
||
notes: *ordinal-shortening
|
||
|
||
마지막:
|
||
- ko: 이것은 저의 **마지막** 수업이에요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-49.mp3
|
||
en: This is my **last** class
|
||
- ko: 저는 **마지막** 것을 안 봤어요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-50.mp3
|
||
en: I didn’t see the **last** thing (I didn’t see that last one)
|
||
|
||
처음:
|
||
- ko: 처음에 그 여자를 싫어했어요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-51.mp3
|
||
en: I didn’t like that girl at first
|
||
notes: &at-first |
|
||
처음에 = at first/in the beginning
|
||
- ko: 저는 처음에 체육 수업을 싫어했어요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-24.mp3
|
||
en: At first I didn’t like PE class
|
||
notes: *at-first
|
||
|
||
- ko: 저는 어제 선생님을 처음 만났어요
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-53.mp3
|
||
en: I met my teacher for the first time yesterday
|
||
notes: &first-occurence |
|
||
Put in a sentence as an adverb to indicate this is the first time something has happened
|
||
- ko: 저는 내일 한국에 처음 갈 것입니다
|
||
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-54.mp3
|
||
en: I will go to Korea for the first time tomorrow
|
||
notes: *first-occurence
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
# Lesson 10: Korean Numbers
|
||
|
||
## Vocabulary
|
||
|
||
<VocabQuiz />
|
||
|
||
The vocabulary in this section does not need to be separated. In my mind, they would all fall under the category of “Other.”
|
||
|
||
하나 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">one</span>
|
||
|
||
둘 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">two</span>
|
||
|
||
셋 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">three</span>
|
||
|
||
넷 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">four</span>
|
||
|
||
다섯 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v5.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">five</span>
|
||
|
||
여섯 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">six</span>
|
||
|
||
일곱 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v7.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">seven</span>
|
||
|
||
여덟 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v8.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">eight</span>
|
||
|
||
아홉 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v9.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">nine</span>
|
||
|
||
열 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v10.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">ten</span>
|
||
|
||
스물 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v11.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">twenty</span>
|
||
|
||
서른 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v12.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">thirty</span>
|
||
|
||
마흔 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v13.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">forty</span>
|
||
|
||
쉰 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v14.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">fifty</span>
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
일 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v15.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">one</span>
|
||
|
||
이 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v16.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">two</span>
|
||
|
||
삼 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v17.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">three</span>
|
||
|
||
사 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v18.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">four</span>
|
||
|
||
오 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v19.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">five</span>
|
||
|
||
육 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v20.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">six</span>
|
||
|
||
칠 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v21.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">seven</span>
|
||
|
||
팔 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">eight</span>
|
||
|
||
구 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v23.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">nine</span>
|
||
|
||
십 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v24.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">ten</span>
|
||
|
||
백 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v25.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">one hundred</span>
|
||
|
||
천 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v26.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">one thousand</span>
|
||
|
||
만 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v27.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">ten thousand</span>
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
영 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v28.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">zero</span>
|
||
|
||
공 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v29.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">zero</span>
|
||
|
||
Click on the English words below to see information and examples of that word in use. You probably won’t be able to understand the grammar within the sentences at this point, but seeing words being used in sentences is very helpful for understanding how they can be used.
|
||
|
||
A PDF file neatly presenting these words and extra information can be found [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/buyingpdf/vocabulary-examples/).
|
||
|
||
You can try to find all of the words from this lesson, and all of the words from every lesson in Unit 1 in a package of twenty five [Word Searches](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wordsearch/).
|
||
|
||
처음 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v30.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">the first time/beginning</span>
|
||
|
||
<Details>
|
||
|
||
Common Usages:
|
||
|
||
- <TTS>처음에</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">at first</span>
|
||
- <TTS>처음부터</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">from the beginning</span>
|
||
- <TTS>처음부터 끝까지</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">from start to finish</span>
|
||
- <TTS>오랜만에 처음으로</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">for the first time in a long time</span>
|
||
|
||
Notes:
|
||
|
||
This can be used in sentences when you are talking about the first time something is being done. Or it can be used as an adverb to have the meaning “in the beginning”
|
||
|
||
See [below in this lesson](#처음-first-time) for more information.
|
||
|
||
Examples:
|
||
|
||
- 저는 **처음에** 우리 학교가 좋지 않았어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t like our school at **first**</span>
|
||
- 저는 어제 공항에 **처음** 갔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Yesterday, I went to the airport for the **first time**</span>
|
||
- 저는 내일 한국에 **처음** 갈 것입니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-54.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will go to Korea for the **first time** tomorrow</span>
|
||
- 그들은 저를 **처음**부터 싫어했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">They didn’t like me from the **start**</span>
|
||
- 저는 그것을 **처음**부터 끝까지 복습했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I reviewed that from **start** to finish</span>
|
||
- 저는 그 책을 **처음**부터 끝까지 읽었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I read that book from **start** to finish</span>
|
||
- 그녀는 **처음**으로 그녀의 감정을 드러냈어요 = <span class="md spoiler">For the **first time**, she revealed her emotions</span>
|
||
|
||
</Details>
|
||
|
||
마지막 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v31.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">last</span>
|
||
|
||
<Details>
|
||
|
||
Common Usages:
|
||
|
||
- <TTS>마지막 날</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the last day</span>
|
||
- <TTS>마지막 게임</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the last game</span>
|
||
- <TTS>마지막으로</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">lastly</span>
|
||
|
||
Notes:
|
||
|
||
There are two similar but different meanings for the word “last” in English. 마지막 is used for only ONE of those meanings. 마지막 is used to talk about something that is the last thing in the end of sequence – as in “first meal… second meal… third meal… fourth meal… last meal.” It is NOT used to talk about something in the past, as in “last night I went to bed late.” See bellow in this lesson for more information.
|
||
|
||
Example:
|
||
|
||
- 이 수업은 우리의 **마지막** 수업이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">This is our **last** class</span>
|
||
- 이것은 저의 **마지막** 기회이다 = <span class="md spoiler">This is my **last** chance</span>
|
||
- 저는 **마지막** 수업을 안 들었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t attend the **last** class</span>
|
||
- 저는 **마지막** 것을 안 봤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-50.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t see the **last** thing</span>
|
||
- 우리는 결국 **마지막** 경기에서 졌어요 = <span class="md spoiler">We ended up losing in the **last** game</span>
|
||
- 교수님은 **마지막** 수업이 끝나고 학생들을 위해 식사를 샀어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The professor bought a meal for the students after the **last** class</span>
|
||
|
||
</Details>
|
||
|
||
번째 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v32.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">counter for 1st/2nd/3rd/etc..</span>
|
||
|
||
<Details>
|
||
|
||
Notes:
|
||
|
||
This can be added as a counter after a number to mean 1st/2nd/3rd/etc.
|
||
|
||
When saying “first”, “<TTS>첫</TTS>” replaces “한”.
|
||
|
||
- 저는 첫 번째 차를 싫어했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t like that first car</span>
|
||
|
||
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
|
||
|
||
- 저는 두 번째 남자를 골랐어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I chose the second man</span>
|
||
|
||
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째. For example:
|
||
|
||
- 이 수업은 오늘 저의 열 번째 수업입니다 = <span class="md spoiler">This is my tenth class today</span>
|
||
|
||
Examples:
|
||
|
||
- 저는 열 **번째로 도착한** 사람이었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I was the 10**th** person to arrive</span>
|
||
|
||
</Details>
|
||
|
||
첫 번째 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v33.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">first (1st)</span>
|
||
|
||
<Details>
|
||
|
||
Notes:
|
||
|
||
Can be shortened to “<TTS>첫째</TTS>” in some situations, usually when the following word is a counter or somebody’s children. For example:
|
||
|
||
- <TTS>첫째 아들</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">first son</span>
|
||
- <TTS>첫째 주</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">first week</span>
|
||
|
||
Examples:
|
||
|
||
- 저의 **첫** **번째** 친구는 착했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-33.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My **first** friend was nice</span>
|
||
- 그 사람은 서울에서 부산까지 걸은 첫 **번째** 사람이었다 = <span class="md spoiler">That person was the **first** person who walked from Seoul to Busan</span>
|
||
|
||
</Details>
|
||
|
||
두 번째 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v34.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">second (2nd)</span>
|
||
|
||
<Details>
|
||
|
||
Notes:
|
||
|
||
Can be shortened to “<TTS>둘째</TTS>” in some situations, usually when the following word is a counter or somebody’s children. For example:
|
||
|
||
- <TTS>둘째 아들</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">second daughter</span>
|
||
- <TTS>둘째 날</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">second day</span>
|
||
|
||
Examples:
|
||
|
||
- 그 **두** **번째** 선생님은 똑똑했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-35.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">That **second** teacher was smart</span>
|
||
- 우리는 **두** **번째** 날에 서울에 갔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">We went to Seoul on the **second** day</span>
|
||
|
||
</Details>
|
||
|
||
개 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v35.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">counter for things</span>
|
||
|
||
<Details>
|
||
|
||
Notes:
|
||
|
||
Counters are used in Korean to count various things. Different counters are used for things like people, books, animals, etc. “개” is the general counter that can be used to count most things that don’t have a specific counter (or if you don’t know the specific counter-word for something). See [below in this lesson](#counters) for more information.
|
||
|
||
Example:
|
||
|
||
- 펜 두 **개**를 주세요 = <span class="md spoiler">Give me two pens, please</span>
|
||
- 저는 사과 한 **개**를 샀어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I bought one apple</span>
|
||
- 저는 펜 두 **개**가 더 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I have two more pens</span>
|
||
|
||
</Details>
|
||
|
||
번 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v36.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">counter for behaviors/actions</span>
|
||
|
||
<Details>
|
||
|
||
Notes:
|
||
|
||
This can be used to indicate the amount of times something is done. In the end, it acts as an adverb and particles are not usually attached to it.
|
||
|
||
Example:
|
||
|
||
- 저는 한국에 5**번** 갔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I went to Korea 5 **times**</span>
|
||
- 저는 학교에 몇 **번** 갔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I went to school a few/some **times**</span>
|
||
|
||
</Details>
|
||
|
||
명 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v37.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">counter for people</span>
|
||
|
||
<Details>
|
||
|
||
Example:
|
||
|
||
- 사람 두 **명**이 왔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">two **people** came</span>
|
||
- 저는 사람 몇 **명**을 만났어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I met some **people**</span>
|
||
- 저는 어제 다섯 **명**의 친구를 만났어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I met 5 friends yesterday</span>
|
||
|
||
</Details>
|
||
|
||
대 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v38.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">counter for automobiles</span>
|
||
|
||
<Details>
|
||
|
||
Example:
|
||
|
||
- 저는 차 세 **대**가 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I have 3 cars</span>
|
||
|
||
</Details>
|
||
|
||
잔 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v39.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">counter for a ‘glass’ of \_\_\_\_</span>
|
||
|
||
<Details>
|
||
|
||
Common Usages:
|
||
|
||
- <TTS>맥주 한 잔</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">one glass of beer</span>
|
||
- <TTS>물 한 잔</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">one glass of water</span>
|
||
- <TTS>소주 한 잔</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">one glass of soju</span>
|
||
|
||
Example:
|
||
|
||
- 아저씨! 맥주 두 **잔** 주세요! = <span class="md spoiler">Sir! Two **glasses** of beer, please!</span>
|
||
- 저는 우유 두 **잔**을 마셨어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I drank two **glasses** of milk</span>
|
||
|
||
</Details>
|
||
|
||
시 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v40.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">“o’clock”</span>
|
||
|
||
<Details>
|
||
|
||
Notes:
|
||
|
||
- When <span class="md spoiler">telling time,</span> “시” is put after the hour. For example: 5시 = 5:00
|
||
- When <span class="md spoiler">talking about “hours,”</span> the word “시간” is used. See [Lesson 11](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-11/) for more information.
|
||
|
||
Example:
|
||
|
||
- 지금은 6**시**30분이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">Now, it is 6:30</span>
|
||
- 1**시**에서 2**시**까지 오세요 = <span class="md spoiler">Please come from 1:00 to 2:00</span>
|
||
- 3**시**까지 기다릴 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I will wait until 3:00</span>
|
||
|
||
</Details>
|
||
|
||
분 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v41.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">minute</span>
|
||
|
||
<Details>
|
||
|
||
Notes:
|
||
|
||
When telling time, “분” is put after the minute. It also means “minute” in regular situations. See [Lesson 11](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-11/) for more information.
|
||
|
||
Example:
|
||
|
||
- 우리가 30**분** 후에 만날래요? = <span class="md spoiler">Shall we meet in 30 **minutes**?</span>
|
||
- 우리학교에서 식당까지 10**분** 걸려요 = <span class="md spoiler">It takes 10 **minutes** to get from our school to the restaurant</span>
|
||
- 구름은 5**분** 전에 걷혔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The clouds cleared up 5 **minutes** ago</span>
|
||
- 수업은 2 **분** 후에 끝날 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">Class will finish 2 **minutes** from now</span>
|
||
- 이 버스는 10**분**마다 와요 = <span class="md spoiler">This bus comes each/every 10 **minutes**</span>
|
||
|
||
</Details>
|
||
|
||
초 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v42.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">second</span>
|
||
|
||
<Details>
|
||
|
||
Example:
|
||
|
||
- 10 **초** 동안 조금 어색했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">It was awkward for 10 **seconds**</span>
|
||
- 저는 2**초** 동안 달렸어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I ran for 2 **seconds**</span>
|
||
|
||
</Details>
|
||
|
||
살 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v43.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">years old</span>
|
||
|
||
<Details>
|
||
|
||
Common Usages:
|
||
|
||
- <TTS>저는 열여덟 살이에요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I am 18 years old</span>
|
||
- 몇 살이에요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">How old are you?</span>
|
||
|
||
Notes:
|
||
|
||
When using a number before “살,” you should use the Korean numbers. However, once you get above 50, it is not uncommon to use the Chinese numbers.
|
||
|
||
Example:
|
||
|
||
- 저의 여자 친구는 스물 **살**이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">My girlfriend is 20 **years old**</span>
|
||
|
||
</Details>
|
||
|
||
For help memorizing these words, try using our [mobile app](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/app/).
|
||
|
||
You might also want to try listening to all of the words on loop with this [Vocabulary Practice video]
|
||
|
||
<YouTube id=cpPFt1taT_A />
|
||
|
||
<em>There are 1050 vocabulary entries in Unit 1. All entries are linked to an audio file.
|
||
You can download all of these files in one package [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/audio/).</em>
|
||
|
||
## Korean Numbers
|
||
|
||
<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" />
|
||
|
||
Korean numbers are actually very easy once you get the hang of them. But, because they are so different from English numbers, it is often hard for English speakers to fully understand them at first.
|
||
First thing you need to know, there are two sets of numbers in Korean: The pure Korean numbers and the numbers derived from Chinese (called Sino-Korean numbers). Let’s look at the Sino-Korean numbers first, because they are easier:
|
||
|
||
### Sino-Korean Numbers
|
||
|
||
<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="sino_korean_num" />
|
||
|
||
These are the Sino-Korean numbers as provided earlier:
|
||
|
||
- <TTS>일</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">one</span>
|
||
- <TTS>이</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">two</span>
|
||
- <TTS>삼</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">three</span>
|
||
- <TTS>사</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">four</span>
|
||
- <TTS>오</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">five</span>
|
||
- <TTS>육</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">six</span>
|
||
- <TTS>칠</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">seven</span>
|
||
- <TTS>팔</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">eight</span>
|
||
- <TTS>구</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">nine</span>
|
||
- <TTS>십</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">ten</span>
|
||
- <TTS>백</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">one hundred</span>
|
||
- <TTS>천</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">one thousand</span>
|
||
- <TTS>만</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">ten thousand</span>
|
||
|
||
With only those numbers, you can create any number from 1 – 10 million. All you need to do is put them together:
|
||
|
||
- 일 = <span class="md spoiler">one (1)</span>
|
||
- 십 = <span class="md spoiler">ten (10)</span>
|
||
- <TTS>십일</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">eleven (10 + 1)</span>
|
||
- <TTS>이십</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">twenty (2 x 10)</span>
|
||
- <TTS>이십일</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">twenty one (2 x 10 + 1)</span>
|
||
- <TTS>이십이</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">twenty two (2 x 10 + 2)</span>
|
||
- 백 = <span class="md spoiler">one hundred (100)</span>
|
||
- <TTS>백일</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">one hundred and one (100 + 1)</span>
|
||
- <TTS>백이</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">one hundred and two (100 + 2)</span>
|
||
- <TTS>백구십</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">one hundred and ninety (100 + 90)</span>
|
||
- <TTS>구백</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">nine hundred (9 x 100)</span>
|
||
- 천 = <span class="md spoiler">one thousand (1000)</span>
|
||
- <TTS>천구백</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">one thousand nine hundred (1000 + 9 x 100)</span>
|
||
- <TTS>오천</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">five thousand (5 x 1000)</span>
|
||
- <TTS>오천육백</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">five thousand six hundred (5 x 1000 + 6 x 100)</span>
|
||
- 만 = <span class="md spoiler">ten thousand</span>
|
||
- <TTS>십만</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">one hundred thousand</span>
|
||
- <TTS>백만</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">one million</span>
|
||
- <TTS>천만</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">ten million</span>
|
||
|
||
The Sino-Korean numbers are used in limited situations. As each of these are taught throughout the upcoming lessons, you will slowly learn when to use the Sino-Korean numbers over the Korean numbers. For now, don’t worry about memorizing when they should be used, as it will come naturally.
|
||
|
||
- When counting/dealing with money
|
||
- When measuring
|
||
- When doing math
|
||
- In phone-numbers
|
||
- When talking about/counting time in any way except the hour
|
||
- The names of each month
|
||
- Counting months (there is _another way_ to count months using pure Korean numbers)
|
||
|
||
### Pure Korean Numbers
|
||
|
||
These are the pure Korean numbers as provided earlier:
|
||
|
||
- 하나 = <span class="md spoiler">one</span>
|
||
- 둘 = <span class="md spoiler">two</span>
|
||
- 셋 = <span class="md spoiler">three</span>
|
||
- 넷 = <span class="md spoiler">four</span>
|
||
- <TTS>다섯</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">five</span>
|
||
- <TTS>여섯</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">six</span>
|
||
- <TTS>일곱</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">seven</span>
|
||
- <TTS>여덟</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">eight</span>
|
||
- <TTS>아홉</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">nine</span>
|
||
- <TTS>열</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">ten</span>
|
||
- <TTS>스물</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">twenty</span>
|
||
- <TTS>서른</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">thirty</span>
|
||
- <TTS>마흔</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">forty</span>
|
||
- <TTS>쉰</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">fifty</span>
|
||
|
||
Creating numbers 11-19, 21-29, 31-39 (etc..) is easy, and is done like this:
|
||
|
||
- <span class="md spoiler">11</span>: <TTS>열하나</TTS> (<span class="md spoiler">10 + 1</span>)
|
||
- <span class="md spoiler">12</span>: <TTS>열둘</TTS> (<span class="md spoiler">10 + 2</span>)
|
||
- <span class="md spoiler">21</span>: <TTS>스물하나</TTS> (<span class="md spoiler">20 + 1</span>)
|
||
- <span class="md spoiler">59</span>: <TTS>쉰아홉</TTS> (<span class="md spoiler">50 + 9</span>)
|
||
|
||
_Notice that there are no spaces between the words representing numbers for both the Sino-Korean and pure Korean numbers. I discuss this in a [much more difficult lesson](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-6/lessons-126-133/lesson130/) that covers how numbers greater than 10,000 are used. For now, it is more important to focus on how to use simple numbers in sentences._
|
||
|
||
_After 60_, regardless of what you are doing, pure Korean numbers are rarely used. I was talking to my wife about this once, and she said that she didn’t think there was even a pure Korean number for 60. I told her “yes, there is: <TTS>예순</TTS>.” To which she replied “Oh yeah, I forgot.” When you get that high (even as high as 40-50) it is not uncommon to use the Sino-Korean numbers instead.
|
||
|
||
The pure Korean numbers are used when:
|
||
|
||
- You are counting things/people/actions
|
||
- Talking about the hour in time
|
||
- Sometimes used when talking about months.
|
||
|
||
Again, don’t worry about memorizing each of those yet. Whenever I talk about numbers, I will tell you which set you are expected to use.
|
||
|
||
## Using Numbers
|
||
|
||
### Counters
|
||
|
||
<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="counter" />
|
||
|
||
When counting anything in Korean, you need to use the pure Korean numbers. In addition, one thing that is very hard for English speakers to wrap their head around is that, when counting most things in Korean, you need to also include a ‘counter.’ The most common counters are:
|
||
|
||
- <TTS>개</TTS> = counter for <span class="md spoiler">things</span>
|
||
- <TTS>명</TTS> = counter for <span class="md spoiler">people</span>
|
||
- <TTS>번</TTS> = counter for <span class="md spoiler">behaviors/actions</span>
|
||
|
||
There are many more counters, but if you can’t remember the specific counter of something, you can usually substitute “<TTS>개</TTS>” (the counter for “<span class="md spoiler">thing</span>”) instead. You will learn the more difficult counters as you progress through future lessons. For now, the goal is to get you accustomed to using these three simple counters.
|
||
|
||
When counting in English, we usually don’t use counters. Rather we just say: “two people,” as in:
|
||
|
||
- I met two people
|
||
|
||
But some things in English require the use of these counters. For example, you could not say “I bought two films” (referring to the film in a camera, not a ‘movie’). Instead, you have to say “I bought two **rolls** of film.” The word roll in that sentence is a counter, and is similar to the counters in Korean. The main difference is that counters are used to count almost everything in Korean.
|
||
|
||
The words <span class="md spoiler">1, 2, 3, 4 and 20</span> change when adding a counter:
|
||
|
||
- <span class="md spoiler">1</span> = <TTS>하나</TTS> -> <TTS>한</TTS>
|
||
- <span class="md spoiler">2</span> = <TTS>둘</TTS> -> <TTS>두</TTS>
|
||
- <span class="md spoiler">3</span> = <TTS>셋</TTS> -> <TTS>세</TTS>
|
||
- <span class="md spoiler">4</span> = <TTS>넷</TTS> -> <TTS>네</TTS>
|
||
- <span class="md spoiler">20</span> = <TTS>스물</TTS> -> <TTS>스무</TTS>
|
||
|
||
Place a number, followed by a counter, after a noun to indicate how many of that thing there are. For example:
|
||
|
||
- 사람 두 명 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">2 people</span>
|
||
- 사람 한 명 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">1 person</span>
|
||
- 펜 다섯 개 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-5.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">5 pens</span>
|
||
- 펜 마흔네 개 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-7.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">44 pens</span>
|
||
|
||
————
|
||
|
||
_It is also possible to put the number-counter combination before the noun that is being counted. However, the method shown immediately above is much more common. When placed before the noun, “~의” is added to the counter, for example:_
|
||
|
||
- 두 명의 사람 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">2 people</span>
|
||
- 한 명의 사람 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">1 person</span>
|
||
- 다섯 개의 펜 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">5 pens</span>
|
||
- 마흔네 개의 펜 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-8.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">44 pens</span>
|
||
|
||
*The purpose and function of ~*의 *in this type of construction is discussed in [Lesson 23](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-23/). As I said, it is usually less common to count using this method, so for now, don’t worry about this grammar. I simply want you to know that it can be done. Pay more attention to the “*사람 두 명*” form instead of the “*두 명의 사람*” form.*
|
||
|
||
————
|
||
|
||
When writing out the word instead of using the numeral (for example, writing “한” instead of “1”) the correct form is to have a space between the written number and the counter. For example:
|
||
|
||
- <TTS>한 개</TTS> instead of 한개
|
||
- <TTS>두 번</TTS> instead of 두번
|
||
- <TTS>세 명</TTS> instead of 세명
|
||
|
||
When the Korean numbers are used (i.e. when counting things or actions), the word is more typically used than the numeral. In our lessons, you will usually see the Korean word written out when a counter is used.
|
||
|
||
In other situations where Sino-Korean numbers are used, there is no difference if you use the Sino-Korean numeral or the word. I will come back to this in the [next lesson](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-11/) when you learn applications for Sino-Korean numbers.
|
||
|
||
These nouns that we have counted can now become the object of a sentence:
|
||
|
||
- 나는 펜 네 개를 샀어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I bought four pens</span>
|
||
- 나는 햄버거 두 개를 먹었어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate two hamburgers</span>
|
||
- 나는 어제 친구 다섯 명을 만났어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I met five friends yesterday</span>
|
||
|
||
————
|
||
|
||
<em>The number-counter combination could also be placed before the noun, as we discussed earlier:</em>
|
||
|
||
- 나는 네 개의 펜을 샀어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-12.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I bought four pens</span>
|
||
- 나는 두 개의 햄버거를 먹었어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-13.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate two hamburgers</span>
|
||
- 나는 어제 다섯 명의 친구를 만났어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I met five friends yesterday</span>
|
||
|
||
————
|
||
|
||
Although the placement of the particles is important for your initial understanding of Korean grammar, eventually, you will become more comfortable with omitting particles altogether. Omitting particles is not something I recommend for a beginner because it is very important that you understand how to use them perfectly for more complex sentences. Nonetheless, most often in speech, particles in this situation are often omitted. For example, you might hear something like this:
|
||
|
||
- 나는 펜 네 개 샀어 = <span class="md spoiler">I bought 4 pens</span>
|
||
|
||
In this structure, it is also possible to put the particle on the noun instead of the counter, for example:
|
||
|
||
- 나는 펜을 네 개 샀어 = <span class="md spoiler">I bought 4 pens</span>
|
||
|
||
Try not to worry about this too much at this stage, as the following three sentences would sound perfect to Korean people:
|
||
|
||
- <TTS>나는 펜 네 개 샀어</TTS>
|
||
- <TTS>나는 펜을 네 개 샀어</TTS>
|
||
- <TTS>나는 펜 네 개를 샀어</TTS>
|
||
|
||
————
|
||
|
||
Here are some more examples of counters in use:
|
||
|
||
- 그 사람은 차 네 대가 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">That person has four cars</span>
|
||
- 저는 우유 두 잔을 샀어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-5.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I bought two glasses of milk</span>
|
||
- 저는 땅콩 두 개를 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate two peanuts</span>
|
||
|
||
## Zero
|
||
|
||
I figure since I am talking about numbers, I should mention something about how/when the number zero is used. Just like other numbers, there are two ways to say “zero” in Korea. However, unlike other numbers, both ways of saying “zero” are of Chinese origin.
|
||
|
||
- <TTS>영</TTS>, which is (from what I understand), <span class="md spoiler">the way Chinese people say “zero”</span>
|
||
- <TTS>공</TTS>, which is sort of like <span class="md spoiler">the meaning of “nothing”</span>
|
||
|
||
That isn’t really very important, but what is important is knowing which word to use in which situation.
|
||
|
||
You should use “영” when talking about:
|
||
|
||
- <span class="md spoiler">Points that can be given or taken away</span>, like in a game. For example, when saying the score “2 – 0”, you would say “이 대 영”. Another example would be if you are in a quiz show, and you ask your friend how many points she has, she could say “<TTS>영점</TTS>”
|
||
- The <span class="md spoiler">temperature</span> “zero”
|
||
- When using numbers in <span class="md spoiler">math</span> (which, if you’re just learning Korean now, you probably won’t do for a long time)
|
||
|
||
You should use “공” when talking about:
|
||
|
||
- <span class="md spoiler">Phone numbers</span>. For example, when saying “010 – 5555 – 5555”, all the zeros should be read as “공.” If you don’t live in Korea, you probably won’t know this, but “010” is the <span class="md spoiler">typical area code</span> for a cell phone (in Seoul, at least). Therefore, when giving your phone number, you usually start out by saying “<TTS>공-일-공</TTS>”.
|
||
|
||
## 번 - Counter of Behavior or Action
|
||
|
||
<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="번" />
|
||
|
||
번 is a common counter that counts behavior or actions, and is not directly counted with a noun in a sentence. Putting a number before “번” creates an adverb that tells you how many times something was done. It is an <span class="md spoiler">adverb</span>, so 를/을 is usually not attached to it.
|
||
|
||
- 저는 어제 학교에 세 번 갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-18.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I went to school three times yesterday</span>
|
||
- 저는 그 영화를 다섯 번 봤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-19.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I saw that movie five times</span>
|
||
- 저는 오늘 두 번 운동할 것입니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-20.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will exercise twice (two times) today</span>
|
||
- 저는 어제 고기를 두 번 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-7.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate meat twice yesterday</span>
|
||
- 저는 오늘 축구를 네 번 할 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-8.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will play soccer four times today</span>
|
||
|
||
This is fairly simple to use, but you will continue to learn about this word in the next lesson when you learn how to say “this time,” “next time,” and “last time.”
|
||
|
||
## Telling Korean Time
|
||
|
||
<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="time" />
|
||
|
||
There are so many different ways to talk about time (seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, etc…). You will learn more about how to indicate when you did/do/will do something using these ‘time’ words in the [next lesson](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-11/). In this lesson, however, you will learn about telling time, as in the time on a clock.
|
||
|
||
When talking about the hour, as in ‘2 o’clock’ all you need to do is put <TTS>시</TTS> after a number:
|
||
|
||
- <TTS>2시</TTS> = 2:00 (2 o’clock)
|
||
|
||
When talking about the minute, add <TTS>분</TTS> after the number:
|
||
|
||
- <TTS>2시 30분</TTS> = 2:30
|
||
|
||
The pure Korean numbers are used when saying the hour number, whereas the Sino-Korean numbers are used when saying the minute number. For example:
|
||
|
||
- 2시 30분 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-23.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">2:30, or</span>
|
||
- 두 시 삼십 분 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-23.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Two thirty</span>
|
||
|
||
Earlier in the lesson I said that when a pure Korean number is used with a counter, it is more commonly written out instead of using the numeral. In this case, “시” could be seen as a counter as we are counting “hours.” However, writing the numeral or the word is equally as common and acceptable when referring to the time. In my case, I much prefer to use the numeral instead of the word.
|
||
|
||
To indicate the minute, Sino-Korean numbers are used and (just like all times when Sino-Korean numbers are used) there is no difference if you use the numeral or the word. I prefer to use the numeral in these cases.
|
||
|
||
The spacing of these also needs to be discussed. As I mentioned earlier, when a written number is placed before a counter, there should be a space between the number and the counter. This is true for the number before “분” as well. For example, if you were writing the words out:
|
||
|
||
- <TTS>두 시</TTS> should be written instead of 두시
|
||
- <TTS>삼십 분</TTS> should be written instead of 삼십분
|
||
|
||
However, when using the numeral, it is acceptable to omit the space and attach the numeral directly with the following counter. For example:
|
||
|
||
- 2시 30분 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-23.mp3" />
|
||
|
||
Officially, there should be a space. However, most people do not include a space and it is also seen as correct to omit it. Other examples:
|
||
|
||
- 3시 10분 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-24.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">3:10</span>
|
||
- 세 시 십 분 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-24.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Three ten</span>
|
||
- 12시 50분 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-25.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">12:50</span>
|
||
- 열두 시 오십 분 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-25.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Twelve fifty</span>
|
||
|
||
_You will see more examples of this in the next lesson when you learn more applications of numbers (specifically Sino-Korean numbers). If you can’t get it into your brain yet, it will be easier when you see more examples in the next lesson._
|
||
|
||
These times can now go in a sentence as usual by adding <TTS>에</TTS> to indicate a time:
|
||
|
||
- 나는 5시에 먹을 거야 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-26.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will eat at 5:00</span>
|
||
- 나는 2시 30분에 왔어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I came at 2:30</span>
|
||
- 우리는 야구를 1시에 할 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-9.mp3" />= <span class="md spoiler">We will play baseball at 1:00</span>
|
||
- 우리는 7시 20분에 시작할 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We will start at 7:20</span>
|
||
|
||
## Age
|
||
|
||
<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="살" />
|
||
|
||
When indicating how old a person is, you should use pure Korean numbers along with the word “<TTS>살</TTS>” which is a counter for ages. For example:
|
||
|
||
- 저는 열 살이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I am ten years old</span>
|
||
- 저의 여자 친구는 스물여섯 살이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My girlfriend is twenty six years old</span>
|
||
|
||
It would sound weird to use the Sino-Korean numbers to indicate the age of somebody who is under thirty. However, after thirty, it is not uncommon to use the Sino-Korean numbers instead of the pure Korean numbers. The older the age, the more likely you will hear the Sino-Korean number used instead of the pure Korean number. After 50, you are most likely to exclusively hear the Sino-Korean numbers.
|
||
|
||
You haven’t learned how to ask questions yet, so it is difficult for me to explain how to ask about a person’s age. You will understand the following sentence better once you are confident with the content introduced in [Lessons 21](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-21-asking-questions-in-korean-why-when-where-and-who/) and [22](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-22/). Nonetheless, it would be good to memorize this sentence because of how common of a question it is:
|
||
|
||
- 몇 살이에요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">How old are you?</span>
|
||
|
||
## 번째: First, Second, Third, etc…
|
||
|
||
<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="번째" />
|
||
|
||
<TTS>번째</TTS> can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “<TTS>첫</TTS>” replaces “한”.
|
||
|
||
For example:
|
||
|
||
<TTS>첫 번째</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">first</span>
|
||
|
||
- 저의 첫 번째 친구는 착했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-33.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My first friend was nice</span>
|
||
- 저는 첫 번째 차를 싫어했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-10.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t like that first car</span>
|
||
|
||
_If you think that is confusing, explain how ‘one’ gets changed to ‘first,’ ‘two’ gets changed to ‘second’ and ‘three’ gets changed to ‘third.’_
|
||
|
||
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
|
||
|
||
<TTS>두 번째</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">second</span>
|
||
|
||
- 그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-35.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">That second teacher was smart</span>
|
||
- 저는 두 번째 남자를 골랐어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-11.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I chose the second man</span>
|
||
|
||
<TTS>세 번째</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">third</span>
|
||
|
||
- 이 여권은 저의 세 번째 여권이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-12.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">This passport is my third passport</span>
|
||
- 저는 세 번째 문을 열었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-13.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I opened the third door</span>
|
||
|
||
<TTS>네 번째</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">fourth</span>
|
||
|
||
- 저는 네 번째 사람이었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-14.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I was the fourth person</span>
|
||
- 이 아이는 저의 네 번째 아들이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-15.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">This person is my fourth son</span>
|
||
|
||
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째. For example:
|
||
|
||
- 이 수업은 오늘 저의 열 번째 수업입니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-16.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">This is my tenth class today</span>
|
||
- 저는 백 번째 페이지를 읽었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-17.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I read the 100th page</span>
|
||
|
||
<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="첫째" />
|
||
|
||
Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way:
|
||
|
||
- 첫 번째 = <TTS>첫째</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">first</span>
|
||
- 두 번째 = <TTS>둘째</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">second</span>
|
||
- 세 번째 = <TTS>셋째</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">third</span>
|
||
- 네 번째 = <TTS>넷째</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">fourth</span>
|
||
- etc.…
|
||
|
||
[Here is a video explaining a Korean sign that uses this idea of shortening 첫 번째 to 첫째]
|
||
|
||
<YouTube id=Cej5MSedaxQ />
|
||
|
||
These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about <span class="md spoiler">your first/second/third/etc. children</span>. For example:
|
||
|
||
- 우리 둘째 아들은 고등학생이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-18.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Our second son is a high school student</span>
|
||
- 우리 셋째 아이는 야구를 좋아해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-19.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Our third child likes baseball</span>
|
||
- 이 아이는 우리 첫째 아들이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-20.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">This (child) is our first son</span>
|
||
|
||
In these cases, it is common to just refer to the child as “one’s first” or “one’s second.” We often do the same thing in English. For example:
|
||
|
||
- 우리 둘째는 고등학생이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-21.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Our second (child) is a high school student</span>
|
||
- 우리 셋째는 야구를 좋아해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Our third (child) likes baseball</span>
|
||
- 이 아이는 우리 첫째예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-23.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">This (child) is our first (child)</span>
|
||
|
||
However, as I mentioned, it would be unnatural to use these words in sentences like this:
|
||
|
||
- 저는 셋째 문을 열었어요 (very understandable, but awkward)
|
||
- 저는 넷째 사람이었어요 (very understandable, but awkward)
|
||
|
||
Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about <span class="md spoiler">things that need to be done</span>, and the speaker/writer is indicating “<span class="md spoiler">Firstly… and then secondly…</span>” For example:
|
||
|
||
- <TTS>첫째, 저는 야채를 많이 먹겠습니다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">First, I will eat a lot of vegetables</span>
|
||
- <TTS>둘째, 저는 매일 운동하겠습니다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Second, I will exercise everyday</span>
|
||
|
||
_I didn’t make audio recordings for the above sentences because I feel they would more likely be written than spoken._
|
||
|
||
<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="마지막" />
|
||
|
||
Another useful word is <TTS>마지막</TTS> which often translates to ‘<span class="md spoiler">last</span>.’ It is often confusing for English speakers to understand the usage of 마지막 at first because the word “last” has more than one usage in English. 마지막 is used to refer to the _final_ (last) thing at the end of sequence… as in “first meal… second meal… third meal… fourth meal… final (last) meal.” It is not used to refer to a “previous” thing. Notice the difference between these two usages of “last night”:
|
||
|
||
- Last night (the previous night) I went to the movies
|
||
- The last night (the final night) of our trip was the best
|
||
|
||
The second example would be where you could use 마지막, because you are referring to the _final_ (last) night of a sequence of nights on a trip. In the first example, you are talking about the previous night. I will introduce how you can refer to a “previous” thing in the next lesson where I introduce 지난.
|
||
|
||
Here are some examples of 마지막 in use:
|
||
|
||
- 이것은 저의 마지막 수업이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-49.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">This is my last class</span>
|
||
- 저는 마지막 것을 안 봤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-50.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t see the last thing (I didn’t see that last one)</span>
|
||
|
||
In these examples, 마지막 is being used as a <span class="md spoiler">descriptive word</span>, even though it is not an adjective in its original form (it is not an adjective because it does not end in 다, and cannot be conjugated). Words can be used this way in English as well. The word “face” is a noun. But in the sentence “I put on face paint,” the word “face” describes the type of paint you used. Similarly, you could say “that is a computer room,” where the word “computer” is describing the room.
|
||
|
||
## 처음– First Time
|
||
|
||
<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="처음" />
|
||
|
||
<TTS>처음</TTS> is a very complex word that can be used in many situations. I have been studying Korean for years and I still don’t know how to use it perfectly in all situations. It can be used in sentences when you are talking about the first time something is being done. It can be used as a noun or an adverb, depending on the situation (which adds to it’s complexity). The two most common situations are:
|
||
|
||
1. <TTS>처음에</TTS> … (<span class="md spoiler">at first/in the beginning</span>)
|
||
- 처음에 그 여자를 싫어했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-51.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t like that girl at first</span>
|
||
- 저는 처음에 체육 수업을 싫어했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-24.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">At first I didn’t like PE class</span>
|
||
|
||
2. Put in a sentence as an <span class="md spoiler">adverb</span> to indicate <span class="md spoiler">this is the first time something has happened</span>:
|
||
- 저는 어제 선생님을 처음 만났어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-53.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I met my teacher for the first time yesterday</span>
|
||
- 저는 내일 한국에 처음 갈 것입니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-54.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will go to Korea for the first time tomorrow</span>
|
||
|
||
You’ve gotten this far! You can’t stop now! Haha. The learning curve now is still fairly steep, but it will get much easier in the future. As I keep saying, having a good solid base in the fundamental grammar concepts of Korean will help you tons later on!
|
||
|
||
[Okay, I got it! Take me to the next lesson! ](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/?page_id=872)Or,
|
||
[Click here for a workbook to go along with this lesson.](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/workbooks#Unit1916)
|
||
|
||
That’s it for lesson!
|
||
|
||
<em>There are 1250 example sentences in Unit 1.
|
||
All entries are linked to an audio file. You can download all of these files in one package [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/audio/).</em>
|
||
|
||
## Summary
|
||
|
||
<YouTube id=aR9_oU2cWoQ />
|
||
|
||
Want to try to create some sentences using the vocabulary and grammar from this lesson?
|
||
|
||
This YouTube video will prompt you to translate English sentences into Korean using the concepts from this lesson.
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
<YouTube id=Oit0Z38ruZw />
|
||
|
||
Want to practice your listening skills?
|
||
|
||
This YouTube video will prompt you with Korean sentences to dictate using the concepts from this lesson.
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
The following videos are available to reinforce the concepts taught in this lesson:
|
||
|
||
[Lesson Recap]
|
||
|
||
<YouTube id=p62K0zntXno />
|