ko-grammar/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/04-adjectives.md

vocabulary

vocabulary

nouns verbs passive_verbs adjectives adverbs ko audio en notes examples 길 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-1.mp3 street <p>This is also used to indicate that somebody is "on the way" somewhere. For example: 저는 집에 가는 길이에요 = I am on my way home. This grammar is taught in Lesson 113.</p> ko en 이 **길**에서 오른 쪽으로 가세요 Turn right at this **street** ko en 이 **길**에서 직진하세요 Go straight on this **road** ko en 우리는 옛**길**을 따라 걸었어요 We walked along, following the old **road** ko audio en examples 거리 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-2.mp3 street/road ko en **거리**에 사람이 많았어요 There was a lot of people on the **street** ko en 저는 긴 **거리**를 건넜어요 I crossed the long **street** ko en 저는 **거리**를 안전하게 건넜어요 I crossed the **street** safely ko en 우리는 사**거리**에서 왼쪽으로 돌았어요 We turned left at the **intersection** ko audio en examples 손 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-4.mp3 hand ko en 저는 (저의) **손**을 들었어요 I raised/lifted my **hand** ko en **손**을 씻으세요! Wash your **hands**! ko en 손을 잘 **씻**고 먹어요 To wash one's **hands** well, and then eat ko audio en examples 영어 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-5.mp3 English ko en 제가 수업을 하면 항상 **영어**로 해요 When I teach, I always do so in **English** ko en 저는 **영어**를 공부할 거예요 I will study **English** ko en 한국 사람들은 외국 사람들과 **영어**를 연습하고 싶어요 Korean people want to practice their **English** with foreigners ko en 저는 **영어**랑 한국어를 학교에서 배웠어요 I learned **English** and Korean at school ko en 그 사람은 **영어**를 자연스럽게 말해요 That person speaks **English** naturally ko en **영어**를 어떻게 배웠어요? How did you learn **English**? ko en 한국어는 **영어**보다 훨씬 어려워요 Korean is much more difficult than **English** ko en 그 선생님은 **영어**를 가르친 지 20 년 됐어요 That teacher has been teaching **English** for 20 years ko audio en examples 택시 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-6.mp3 taxi ko en **택시**는 버스보다 더 빨라요 The **taxi** is quicker than the bus ko en 지하철을 놓쳤기 때문에 **택시**를 타야 돼요 I missed the subway, so I must take a **taxi** ko audio en examples 열차 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-7.mp3 train ko en **열차**는 택시보다 더 빨라요 The **train** is faster than the taxi ko audio en examples 역 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-8.mp3 train/subway station ko en 홍대**역**에서 어떻게 가요? How do I get to Hong-dae **station**? ko en 저는 서울**역**에서 내릴 거예요 I will get off at Seoul **station** ko en 전철**역**까지 걸어갈래요? Shall we walk to the subway **station**? ko en 이 기차는 서울**역**까지 가요 This train goes to/until Seoul **Station** ko audio en notes examples 버스 정류장 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-9.mp3 bus stop <p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "버스 정뉴장"</p> <p>This refers to the bus stop for a public transportation style city bus. For inter-city buses, the word "버스 터미널" (bus terminal) is more frequently used.</p> ko en **버스 정류장**에서 버스를 타야 돼요 You must get on the bus at the **bus station** ko en 다음 버스는 저 **정류장**에서 출발할 거예요 The next bus will leave from that **stop** ko audio en examples 비행기 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-10.mp3 airplane ko en **비행기**가 아직 출발할 준비가 안 됐습니까? Is the **plane** not yet ready to depart? ko en 하늘에 **비행기**가 있어요 There is a **plane** in the sky ko en 거기에 가고 싶으면 **비행기**를 타야 돼요 If you want to go there, you must take an **airplane** ko en **비행기**가 9시에 출발할 예정이지만 눈이 많이 와서 못 출발할 것 같아요 The **plane** is scheduled to depart at 9:00, but it probably won't because it is snowing a lot ko audio en notes examples 자전거 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-11.mp3 bicycle <p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation [Video #6]</p> <p><YouTube id="xhkKiuEMcks" /></p> ko en 저는 **자전거**를 타는 것이 너무 좋아요 I like riding **bicycles** ko en 무릎이 아플 때 **자전거**를 타지 마세요 When your knee hurts, don't ride a **bike** ko audio en notes examples 아내 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-12.mp3 wife The word "와이프" is commonly used these days. ko en 저의 **아내**는 너무 예뻐요 My **wife** is very pretty ko en 저는 **아내**한테 꽃을 줬어요 I gave flowers to my **wife** ko en 저는 저의 **아내**와 유럽에서 사랑에 빠졌어요 I fell in love with my **wife** in Europe ko en 저의 **아내**는 자기가 요리한 것을 보통 안 먹어요 My **wife** usually doesn't eat the food she cooks ko en 제가 **아내**와 결혼하기 전에 우리는 2년 동안 사귀었어요 Before marrying my **wife**, we went out/dated for 2 years ko audio en examples 아이 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-13.mp3 child ko en 우리 **아이**는 아직 두 살이에요 My **child** is still 2 years old ko en 우리 셋째 **아이**는 야구를 좋아해요 Our third **child** likes baseball ko en 이 **아이**는 우리 첫째 아들이에요 This (**child**) is our first son ko en 부모님들은 **아이**에 영향을 준다/미친다 Parents have an influence on their **children** ko en **아이**들은 나무 주위에서 놀고 있어요 The **children** are playing around the tree ko en 저는 **아이**를 잃어버려서 걱정이 되었어요 I was worried because I lost the **baby** ko en 그녀는 **아이**가 죽었다는 사실을 숨겼어요 She hid (the fact that) her **child** died ko en **아이**들은 자기 부모님을 존경해야 돼요 **Children** must respect their parents ko en 저는 **아이**들이랑 바다에서 수영했어요 I swam in the sea with the **kids** ko en **아이**들은 만화영화를 매우 좋아해요 **Children** really like animated movies ko audio en examples 아들 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-14.mp3 son ko en 우리 **아들**은 대학생이에요 Our **son** is a university student ko en 할아버지는 우리 **아들**에게 돈을 주었어요 Grandpa gave money to our **son** ko en 저의 **아들**은 열이 났어요 My **son** had a fever ko en 저는 우리 **아들**이 자랑스러워요 I am proud of our **son** ko en 너는 나쁜 **아들**이야 You are a bad **son** ko en 저는 **아들** 세 명이 있어요 I have three **sons** ko en 그 사람은 **아들** 한 명만 있어요 That person only has one **son** ko en **아들**은 엄마를 위해 박스를 들었어요 The **son** carried the box for his mother ko en 우리 **아들**은 자기(의) 일을 항상 혼자 하고 싶어요 Our **son** always wants to do his work alone ko audio en examples 딸 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-15.mp3 daughter ko en 우리 **딸**은 그 고등학교를 다녀요 Our **daughter** attends that high school ko en 저는 저의 **딸**이 아주 자랑스러워요 I am very proud of my **daughter** ko en 우리 **딸**은 사랑스러운 여자예요 Our **daughter** is a loving/lovely girl ko en **딸**은 어제부터 아팠어요 The/our **daughter** has been sick (was sick) since yesterday ko audio en examples 남편 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-16.mp3 husband ko en 저의 **남편**은 선생님이에요 my **husband** is a teacher ko en 저는 **남편**을 공원에서 만날 거예요 I will meet my **husband** at the park ko en 그 여자의 **남편**이 비서랑 바람을 피운다는 소문이 있어요 There is a rumor that that woman's **husband** is having an affair with his secretary ko audio en notes examples 아버지 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-17.mp3 father The word "아빠" is used colloquially ko en **아버지**는 지금 일하고 있어요 **Dad** is working now ko en 형하고 **아버지**는 영화를 봤어요 My brother and **dad** saw a movie ko en 저와 저의 **아버지**는 너무 비슷해요 I am very similar to my **father** ko en 저의 **아버지**는 모자를 항상 써요 My **father** always wears a hat ko en 우리 **아버지**는 예전에 옷을 팔았어요 Our **dad** sold clothes in the past ko en 우리 **아버지**는 고모와 살고 있어요 Our **father** lives with our aunt ko en 나는 **아버지**랑 공원에 갈 거야 I will go to the park with my **dad** ko audio en notes examples 어머니 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-18.mp3 mother The word "엄마" is used colloquially ko en 우리 **어머니**는 서울대학교를 다녔어요 Our **mom** attended Seoul University ko en 저는 밥을 친구랑 저의 **어머니**랑 먹었어요 I ate (rice) with my **mom** and my friend ko en 저의 **어머니**는 언니 세 명이 있어요 My **mother** has three (older) sisters ko en 저의 **어머니**는 올해 한국에 올 것입니다 My **mom** will come to Korea this year ko audio en examples 편지 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-19.mp3 letter ko en 저는 여자 친구를 위해 **편지**를 썼어요 I wrote a **letter** for my girlfriend ko en 저는 여자친구에게서 **편지**를 받았어요 I received a **letter** from my girlfriend ko en 저는 여자친구를 위해 **편지**를 쓰고 싶어요 I want to write a **letter** for my girlfriend ko en 우리는 서로 **편지**를 줬어요 We gave **letters** to each other ko en 저는 옛날 친구한테 **편지**를 보냈어요 I sent a **letter** to an old friend ko en 저의 여자 친구는 제가 쓴 **편지**를 찢었어요 My girlfriend ripped up the **letter** that I wrote for her ko audio en notes examples 맛 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-20.mp3 taste <p>맛 and 있다 come together to make "delicious" but this literally means "to have taste." Likewise, the direct translation for "맛없다" or (맛이 없다) is "to have no taste"</p> ko en **맛**이 조금 이상해요 The **taste** is a little bit strange ko en 빨간 사과는 가장 **맛**있어요 Red apples are the most **delicious** ko en 이 떡은 쓰레기 **맛** 같아 This 떡 **tastes** like garbage ko audio en notes examples 식사 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-21.mp3 meal The pronunciation of this word is closer to "식싸" ko en 저는 할머니를 위해 **식사**를 준비했어요 I prepared a **meal** for grandmother ko en 저는 아침**식사**를 안 먹었어요 I didn't eat **breakfast** ko en 저는 보통 점심**식사**로 과일만 먹어요 I usually only eat fruit for **lunch** ko en 엄마가 온 후에 저는 저녁**식사**를 먹을 거예요 After mom comes home, I will eat **dinner** ko en 교감선생님은 선생님들을 위해 **식사**를 살 거예요 The vice principal will buy a **meal** for all the teachers ko audio en notes examples 아침 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-22.mp3 morning This can also be used to refer to "breakfast." For example: "저는 아침을 안 먹었어요" = "I didn't eat breakfast" ko en 저는 **아침**에 일찍 일어났어요 I woke up early in the **morning** ko en 저는 **아침**부터 밤까지 공부만 했어요 I only studied from **morning** to night ko en 대부분 사람들은 **아침**밥을 먹지 않는다 Most people don't eat **breakfast** (rice breakfast) ko en 저는 항상 **아침**에 운동해요 I always exercise in the **morning** ko en **아침**으로 무엇을 먹었어요? What did you eat for **breakfast**? ko audio en notes examples 아침식사 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-23.mp3 breakfast The pronunciation of this word is closer to "아침식싸" ko en 저는 오늘 **아침식사**를 못 먹었어요 I didn't eat **breakfast** today ko en 저는 **아침식사**로 밥을 먹었어요 I ate rice for **breakfast** ko audio en examples 물 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-24.mp3 water ko en 잘하려면 **물**을 마셔야 돼요 If you want to do well, you must drink **water** ko en 저는 **물**만 마셔요 I only drink **water** ko en 애기는 우유 대신에 **물**만 마시고 싶어요 The baby wants to drink **water** instead of milk ko audio en examples 사과 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-25.mp3 apple ko en 저는 **사과**랑 바나나를 샀어요 I bought **apples** and bananas ko en 바나나는 **사과**보다 더 맛있어요 Bananas are more delicious than **apples** ko en **사과**도 여기서 파나요? Do you sell **apples** here too? ko en 빨간 **사과**는 가장 맛있어요 Red **apples** are the most delicious ko audio en examples 돈 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-14.mp3 money ko en 저는 **돈**이 없어요 I don't have any **money** ko en 어머님은 너에게 **돈**을 줬어? Did your mother give you **money**? ko en 저는 **돈**을 받을 때 행복할 거예요 When I receive (the) **money**, I will be happy ko en 의사들은 **돈**이 많아 Doctors have a lot of **money** ko en 아버지는 아들에게 **돈**을 준다 The father gives **money** to his son ko en 저는 **돈**을 정부로부터 받았어요 I received **money** from the government ko en 얼마나 많은 **돈**을 가져갈 거야? How much **money** will you bring? ko audio en notes examples 오다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-26.mp3 to come <p>~아/어: 와, ~ㄴ/은: 온, ~ㄴ/는다: 온다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 옵니다, ~ㄹ/을: 올, ~니: 오니, ~ㅁ/음: 옴, ~(으)려고: 오려고, ~(으)시: 오시, ~(으)면: 오면, ~(으)니: 오니</p> ko en 그 사람은 미국에서 **왔어요** That person **came** from the United States ko en 친구들은 언제 **올 거예요**? When are the friends **coming**? ko en 어디에서 **왔어요**? Where are you from (from where did you **come**?) ko en 저의 친구는 6시 30분에 **올** **거예요** My friend will **come** at 6:30 ko en 그는 **올** **거**라고 약속했어요 He promised that he would **come** ko en 캐나다에 언제 돌아**올** 거예요? When are you **coming** back to Canada? ko en 선생님 몇 분 **올** **거예요**? How many teachers will **come**? ko en 어제 어떤 남자가 **왔어요**? Which man **came** here yesterday? ko audio en notes examples 끝내다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-27.mp3 to finish <p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "끈내다"</p> <p>It is often more common to use the passive form (끝나다) to indicate that you finished something. For example: "일이 끝났어요" = "The work is finished (which implies that you finished the work)". The grammar for this is talked about in Lesson 14.</p> <p>~아/어: 끝내, ~ㄴ/은: 끝낸, ~ㄴ/는다: 끝낸다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 끝냅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 끝낼, ~니: 끝내니, ~ㅁ/음: 끝냄, ~(으)려고: 끝내려고, ~(으)시: 끝내시, ~(으)면: 끝내면, ~(으)니: 끝내니</p> ko en 저는 저의 숙제를 **끝냈어요** I **finished** my homework ko en 저는 숙제를 **끝내**고 나서 집으로 갈 거예요 I will **finish** my homework then go home ko en 저는 일을 만족스럽게 **끝냈어요** I finished the work/job **satisfactorily** ko en 시험을 **끝내**기 전에 답을 확인하세요 Check your answers before **finishing** the test ko audio en notes examples 춤추다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-28.mp3 to dance <p>The word "춤" is the noun "dance," as in "a dance." Coupled with the verb "추다" is means "to dance."</p> <p>~아/어: 춤춰, ~ㄴ/은: 춤춘, ~ㄴ/는다: 춤춘다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 춤춥니다, ~ㄹ/을: 춤출, ~니: 춤추니, ~ㅁ/음: 춤춤, ~(으)려고: 춤추려고, ~(으)시: 춤추시, ~(으)면: 춤추면, ~(으)니: 춤추니</p> ko en 저는 **춤추**는 것이 좋아요 I like **dancing** ko audio en notes examples 알다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-29.mp3 to know <p>알다 follows the ㄹ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p> <p>~아/어: 알아, ~ㄴ/은: 안, ~ㄴ/는다: 안다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 압니다, ~ㄹ/을: 알, ~니: 아니, ~ㅁ/음: 앎, ~(으)려고: 알려고, ~(으)시: 아시, ~(으)면: 알면, ~(으)니: 아니</p> ko en 저는 그 사람을 **알아요** I **know** that person ko en 저는 그것을 **알**고 있어요 I **know** that ko en 누구나 그 여자를 **알아요** Everybody **knows** that girl ko en 서울에 어떻게 가는지 **알아요** I **know** how to get to Seoul ko en 서울에 어떻게 가는지 **알아요**? Do you **know** how to get to Seoul? ko en 그 단어를 어떻게 발음하는지 **알아요** I **know** how to pronounce that word ko en 그 단어를 어떻게 발음하는지 **알아요**? Do you **know** how to pronounce that word? ko en 그 학생이 책을 왜 버렸는지 **알아요** I **know** why that student threw out his book ko en 그 학생이 책을 왜 버렸는지 **알아요**? Do you **know** why that student threw out his book? ko en 제가 한국어를 왜 배우고 싶은지 **알아요**? Do you **know** why I want to learn Korean? ko audio en notes examples 걷다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-30.mp3 to walk <p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "걷따"</p> <p>걷다 follows the ㄷ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p> <p>~아/어: 걸어, ~ㄴ/은: 걸은, ~ㄴ/는다: 걷는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 걷습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 걸을, ~니: 걷니, ~ㅁ/음: 걸음, ~(으)려고: 걸으려고, ~(으)시: 걸으시, ~(으)면: 걸으면, ~(으)니: 걸으니</p> ko en 우리는 집에 **걸어**왔어요 We **walked** home ko en 저는 10분 동안 **걸었어요** I **walked** for 10 minutes ko en 여자는 학교에 걸었어요 The girl **walked** to school ko en 그 여자는 항상 그렇게 **걸어요** That girl always **walks** like that ko en 저는 너무 많이 **걸어**서 지금 발이 아파요 My feet are sore because I **walked** so much ko en 우리는 차가 없어서 집에 **걸어**왔어요 We didn't have a car so we **walked** home ko en 전철역까지 **걸어**갈래요? Shall we **walk** to the subway station? ko en 학생들은 교실 쪽으로 **걸어요** Students **walk** towards/in the direction of their class ko en 우리가 천천히 안 **걸었더라면** 늦게 도착하지 않았을 거예요 If we hadn't **walk** slowly, we wouldn't have arrived late ko audio en notes examples 배우다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-31.mp3 to learn <p>~아/어: 배워, ~ㄴ/은: 배운, ~ㄴ/는다: 배운다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 배웁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 배울, ~니: 배우니, ~ㅁ/음: 배움, ~(으)려고: 배우려고, ~(으)시: 배우시, ~(으)면: 배우면, ~(으)니: 배우니</p> ko en 한국어를 언제부터 **배웠어요**? Since when did you **learn** Korean? ko en 저는 그것을 지난 시간에 **배웠어요** I **learned** that (thing) last time ko en 저는 한국어를 한국에서 **배웠어요** I **learned** Korean in Korea ko en 저는 한국어를 **배우**고 싶어요 I want to **learn** Korean ko en 우리는 다음 시간에 더 **배울** 거예요 We will **learn** more next time ko en 저는 5년 이내에 외국어를 다섯 개 **배우**고 싶어요 I want to **learn** 5 languages within five years ko en 한국에 온 이래로 한국어를 **배우**고 있어요 Since coming to Korea, I have been **learning** Korean ko audio en notes examples 연습하다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-32.mp3 to practice The pronunciation of this word is closer to "연스파다" ko en 한국 사람들은 외국 사람들과 영어를 **연습하**고 싶어요 Korean people want to **practice** their English with foreigners ko en **연습**을 많이 해도 시합에서 질 거예요 Regardless of how much you **practice**, you will lose the match ko audio en notes examples 생각하다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-33.mp3 to think <p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "생가카다"</p> <p>The noun form of this word translates to "a thought" or "an idea."</p> <p>Typically the grammatical principle ~ㄴ/다고 precedes 생각하다 as if it is a quoted sentence. For more information, visit Lesson 52.</p> ko en 저도 그렇게 **생각해요** I **think** that way as well ko en 나는 너에 대해 **생각했어** I **thought** about you ko en 그 여자에 대해 어떻게 **생각해요**? What do you **think** about that girl? ko en 저는 그렇게 **생각하지** **않아요** I don't **think** like that ko en 저는 저의 엄마에 대해 **생각했어요** I **thought** about my mother ko en 우리 집에 대해 어떻게 **생각해요**? What do you **think** about our house? ko audio en notes examples 살다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-34.mp3 to live <p>살다 follows the ㄹ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p> <p>In order to say that you live in a place, it is acceptable to use "살고 있다." For example: 저는 한국에서 살고 있어요. Note that this directly translates to "I am living in Korea", whereas is English we would most likely say "I live in Korea." See Lesson 18.</p> <p>~아/어: 살아, ~ㄴ/은: 산, ~ㄴ/는다: 산다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 삽니다, ~ㄹ/을: 살, ~니: 사니, ~ㅁ/음: 삼, ~(으)려고: 살려고, ~(으)시: 사시, ~(으)면: 살면, ~(으)니: 사니</p> ko en 저는 서울에서 **살**고 있어요 I **live** in Seoul ko en 어느 집에서 **살아요**? Which house do you **live** in? ko en 저는 학교에서 멀리 **살**고 있어요 I **live** far from school ko en 한국에서 언제부터 **살았어요**? Since when have you **lived** in Korea? ko en 저는 2년 동안 외국에서 **살았어요** I **lived** in a foreign country for 2 years ko en 저는 7년 동안 한국에서 **살았어요** I **lived** in Korea for seven years ko en 우리 아버지는 고모와 **살**고 있어요 Our father **lives** with our aunt ko en 저는 멀리 **살**고 있기 때문에 집까지 걸어가기 힘들어요 It is difficult to walk home because I **live** far ko audio en notes examples 끝나다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-35.mp3 to be finished <p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "끈나다"</p> <p>This is the first passive verb you have come across. For more information on passive verbs, visit Lesson 14.</p> <p>~아/어: 끝나, ~ㄴ/은: 끝난, ~ㄴ/는다: 끝난다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 끝납니다, ~ㄹ/을: 끝날, ~니: 끝나니, ~ㅁ/음: 끝남, ~(으)려고: 끝나려고, ~(으)시: 끝나시, ~(으)면: 끝나면, ~(으)니: 끝나니</p> ko en 이 콘서트가 벌써 **끝났어요**? Is the concert already **finished?** ko en 숙제는 **끝났어요** My homework is **finished** ko en 수업은 2분 후에 **끝날** **거예요** Class will **finish** 2 minutes from now ko en 그 일이 다 **끝나서** 지금 기분이 아주 좋아요 Now that that work is **finished**, I am very happy ko audio en notes examples 위험하다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-36.mp3 to be dangerous The noun form of this word translates to "danger" ko en 그 장소가 너무 **위험해**서 가지 마세요 That place is very **dangerous**, so don't go ko en 이런 일은 **위험해요** This type of work is **dangerous** ko en 그 사람은 **위험한** 남자입니다 That person is a **dangerous** man ko audio en notes examples 잘생기다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-37.mp3 to be handsome <p>A composition of the adverb 잘 (well) and the verb 생기다 (to look like), which means it gets conjugated as a verb. It typically conjugates to the past tense (잘생겼다) even when talking about the present tense.</p> <p>~아/어: 잘생겨, ~ㄴ/은: 잘생긴, ~ㄴ/는다: 잘생긴다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잘생깁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잘생길, ~니: 잘생기니, ~ㅁ/음: 잘생김, ~(으)려고: 잘생기려고, ~(으)시: 잘생기시, ~(으)면: 잘생기면, ~(으)니: 잘생기니</p> ko en 그 남자는 너무 **잘생겼어요** That man is very **handsome** ko en 저는 **잘생긴** 남자를 만나요 I meet a **handsome** man ko en 파란 눈이 있는 남자가 가장 **잘생겼어요** Men with blue eyes are the most **handsome** ko en 그는 별로 **잘생기지** 않았다 He's not that **handsome** ko en 그는 전혀 **잘생기지** 않았다 He's not **handsome** at all ko audio en notes examples 못생기다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-38.mp3 to be ugly <p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "몯쌩기다"</p> <p>A composition of the adverb 못 (not well, poorly) and the verb 생기다. Like 잘생기다, it is conjugated as a verb in the past tense.</p> <p>~아/어: 못생겨, ~ㄴ/은: 못생긴, ~ㄴ/는다: 못생긴다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 못생깁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 못생길, ~니: 못생기니, ~ㅁ/음: 못생김, ~(으)려고: 못생기려고, ~(으)시: 못생기시, ~(으)면: 못생기면, ~(으)니: 못생기니</p> ko en 그 남자는 너무 **못생겼어요** That man is very **ugly** ko en 그 여자는 우리 반에서 제일 **못생긴** 여자예요 That girl is the **ugliest** in our class ko audio en notes examples 피곤하다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-39.mp3 to be tired The noun form of this word translates to "tiredness" or "fatigue" ko en 저는 일을 많이 해서 너무 **피곤해요** I am very **tired** because I worked a lot ko en 너무 **피곤해**서 자고 싶어요 I want to sleep because I am so **tired** ko en **피곤한** 사람은 침대에 누워서 잤어요 The **tired** person lied on the bed and slept ko en 잠을 못 자면 다음 날에 몸이 **피곤해져요** If you don't sleep well, the next day you will be **tired** ko audio en notes examples 다르다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-40.mp3 to be different <p>다르다 follows the 르 irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p> <p>When saying something is different "from" something, 와/과/랑/이랑 must be attached to the noun that is being compared. See Lesson 15 for more information.</p> <p>~아/어: 달라, ~ㄴ/은: 다른, ~ㅂ/습니다: 다릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 다를, ~니: 다르니, ~ㅁ/음: 다름, ~(으)려고: 다르려고, ~(으)시: 다르시, ~(으)면: 다르면, ~(으)니: 다르니</p> ko en 저는 **다른** 영화를 보고 싶어요 I want to see a **different** movie ko en 우리는 매우 **달라요** We are so **different** ko en 그 건물은 어제와 **달라요** That building is **different** from yesterday ko en 고양이는 강아지와 **달라요** Cats are **different** from dogs ko en 캐나다는 한국과 문화적으로 **달라요** Canada and Korea are culturally **different** ko en 서양사람들은 동양사람들과 **달라요** Western people are **different** from Eastern people ko en 그 여자가 오늘 화장을 하지 않아서 아주 **달라** 보여요 That girl looks very **different** today because she didn't do her makeup ko audio en notes examples 슬프다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-41.mp3 to be sad <p>슬프다 follows the ㅡ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p> <p>~아/어: 슬퍼, ~ㄴ/은: 슬픈, ~ㅂ/습니다: 슬픕니다, ~ㄹ/을: 슬플, ~니: 슬프니, ~ㅁ/음: 슬픔, ~(으)려고: 슬프려고, ~(으)시: 슬프시, ~(으)면: 슬프면, ~(으)니: 슬프니</p> ko en 우리 할아버지가 죽어서 저는 너무 **슬퍼요** I am very **sad** because my grandfather died ko en 저의 여자친구는 어제 너무 **슬퍼** 보였어요 My girlfriend looked really **sad** yesterday ko en 제가 **슬프다**면 친구를 만나지 않을 거예요 If I am **sad**, I'm not going to meet my friend ko audio en notes examples 맛있다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-42.mp3 to be delicious <p>Although technically a combination of the noun "맛" (taste) and "있다" (to have) 맛있다 is officially seen as one word (literally meaning "to have taste") and the pronunciation of ㅅ in "맛" is transferred to the next syllable. This makes the entire word sound like "마싣따."</p> <p>Conversely, 맛없다, which means "to not be delicious," is officially seen as two words (literally meaning "to not have taste"). As such, the pronunciation of ㅅ in "맛" is usually not transferred to the next syllable and the entire word sounds like "마덥따"</p> <p>~아/어: 맛있어, ~ㄴ/은: 맛있는, ~ㅂ/습니다: 맛있습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 맛있을, ~니: 맛있니, ~ㅁ/음: 맛있음, ~(으)려고: 맛있으려고, ~(으)시: 맛있으시, ~(으)면: 맛있으면, ~(으)니: 맛있으니</p> ko en **맛있는** 것을 먹고 싶어요 I want to eat something **delicious** ko en 빨간 사과는 가장 **맛**있어요 Red apples are the most **delicious** ko en 사과는 가장 **맛있는** 과일이에요 Apples are the most **delicious** fruit ko en 한식은 너무 **맛있어요** Korean food is very **delicious** ko audio en notes examples 재미있다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-43.mp3 to be fun, to be funny <p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "재미읻따"</p> <p>Like the word "맛있다," 재미있다 is made up of "재미" and "있다" (to have). Therefore, even though 재미있다 is an adjective (funny), it is conjugated like 있다.</p> <p>~아/어: 재미있어, ~ㄴ/은: 재미있는, ~ㅂ/습니다: 재미있습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 재미있을, ~니: 재미있니, ~ㅁ/음: 재미있음, ~(으)려고: 재미있으려고, ~(으)시: 재미있으시, ~(으)면: 재미있으면, ~(으)니: 재미있으니</p> ko en 그 영화가 너무 **재미있었어요** That movie was very **funny** ko en 그 남자는 **재미있는** 남자예요 That man is a **funny** person ko en 제가 보고 있는 영화는 **재미있어요** The movie I am watching is **funny** ko en 친구를 만났으면 **재미있었을** 것이다 If I had met my friend, it would have been **fun** ko en 설사를 하는 것은 **재미있어요** Having diarrhea is **fun** ko audio en notes examples 많다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-44.mp3 to be many of, to be a lot of <p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "만타"</p> <p>An adjective that means "many," 많다 can be placed before a noun to describe it. For example: 많은 사람은 저를 좋아해요 (many people like me)</p> <p>However, 많다 is more naturally used by using the ~는 것 principle. For example: "저를 좋아하는 사람은 많아요" (literally: there are many people who like me)</p> <p>The ~는 것 principle is very difficult to describe, and is talked about in detail from Lessons 26 to 33.</p> <p>~아/어: 많아, ~ㄴ/은: 많은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 많습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 많을, ~니: 많으니, ~ㅁ/음: 많음, ~(으)려고: 많으려고, ~(으)시: 많으시, ~(으)면: 많으면, ~(으)니: 많으니</p> ko en 그 회사에서 일하는 사람은 **많아요** There are **many** people who work at that company. ko en 지난 주에 저는 계획이 **많았어요** I had **a lot** of plans last week ko en 동대문시장에서 아주머니가 **많아요** There are **a lot** of older women in Dongdaemun market ko en 그곳에서 구경하는 사람이 **많아요** There are **a lot** of people sightseeing in that place ko en 저는 거기에 사람이 **많을** 것 같아서 가고 싶지 않아요 I don't want to go there because there will probably be too **many** people ko audio en notes examples 행복하다 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-45.mp3 to be happy The pronunciation of this word is closer to "행보카다" ko en 저는 매우 **행복한** 사람이에요 I am a very **happy** person ko en 저는 공원에 가는 날에 항상 **행복해요** I am always **happy** on the days I go to the park ko en 왜 그렇게 **행복해** 보여요? Why do you look so **happy**? ko en 저는 **행복하**기 때문에 죽고 싶지 않아요 I don't want to die because I am **happy** ko en 저는 돈을 받을 때 **행복할** **거예요** When I receive (the) money, I will be **happy** ko en 내가 **행복하**면 숙제를 잘 해 When/If I am **happy**, I do my homework well ko en 제가 **행복하다**면 일을 더 잘 할 거예요 If I am **happy**, I will work harder ko audio en notes examples 거기 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-46.mp3 there <p>The difference between "그" and "저" is the same as the difference between "거기" and "저기." "거기" is used when referring to a place that has already been mentioned, and "저기" is used when you are referring to a place that is farther away than "여기."</p> <p>거기 and ~에세 form to make "거기서".</p> ko en **거기**서 언제부터 살았어요? Since when did you live **there**? ko en **거기**에 간 적이 없어요 I have never gone/been **there**/I haven't been **there** ko en 제가 **거기**에 가는 중이에요 I am going **there** ko en 밥을 **거기**에 두지 말아 주세요 Don't put the rice **there**, please ko en **거기**에 가고 싶으면 비행기를 타야 돼요 If you want to go **there**, you must take an airplane ko en 친구가 **거기**에 많을 거라서 그 파티에 가고 싶어요 Many of my friends will be **there**, so/therefore I want to go to that party ko audio en notes examples 저기 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-47.mp3 there (when farther away) <p>저기 and ~에서 form to make "저기서"</p> <p>When trying to get the attention of somebody – for example, when you want to order something at a restaurant – it is common to say "저기요!" For example: "저기요! 지금 주문할게요!" = "Excuse me! We would like to order now!"</p> ko en **저기**까지 걷자! Let's walk that far/Let's walk as far as **there** ko en 이불을 다 **저기**에 넣었어요 I put the blankets **there** ko en **저기**까지 아주 빨리 수영하더라도 그 사람을 구하지 못할 거예요 Even if you swim **there** very fast, you won't be able to save that person ko audio en notes examples 지금 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-48.mp3 now Though referring to a time, "에" is usually not attached to "지금" ko en 저는 밥을 **지금** 먹고 싶어요 I want to eat **now** ko en 그 여자를 **지금**까지 좋아했어요 I liked that girl until **now** ko en 여자들은 **지금** 영화를 보고 있어요 The girls are watching a movie **now** ko en 저는 밥을 다 먹어서 **지금** 배불러요 I ate all the food, so/therefore, I am full **now** ko en 열심히 운동하고 **지금** 힘이 빠졌어요 After exercising, I **now** have no energy ko en 내가 밥을 벌써 먹어서 **지금** 먹고 싶지 않아 Because I already ate, I don't want to eat **now** ko en 그 학생은 어떤 여자와 **지금** 사귀고 있어요 That student is going out with some girl **now** ko audio en notes examples 하지만 https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-49.mp3 but It would be more natural to connect sentences with a grammatical principle (like ~지만 or ~는데) than to separate them using 하지만. ko en 거기에 가고 싶어요. **하지만** 돈이 없어요 I want to go there. **But** I have no money ko en 저는 먹고 싶어요. **하지만** 배고프지 않아요 I want to eat. **But**, I am not hungry

Lesson 4: Korean Adjectives ~ㄴ/은

Vocabulary

Nouns

길 = street

Common Usages:

• 길을 잃다 = to get lost (literally, to lose a street)
• 길을 건너다 = to cross a street
• 길이 막히다 = for the streets to be “clogged” with traffic

Notes:

This is also used to indicate that somebody is “on the way” somewhere. For example: 저는 집에 가는 길이에요 = I am on my way home This grammar is taught in Lesson 113.

Example:

• ⁠이 길에서 오른 쪽으로 가세요 = Turn right at this street
• ⁠이 길에서 직진하세요 = Go straight on this road
• ⁠우리는 옛길을 따라 걸었어요 = We walked along, following the old road

거리 = street/road

Common Usages:

• 사거리 = intersection (with four ways)
• 삼거리 = intersection (with three ways)

Examples:

• ⁠거리에 사람이 많았어요 = There was a lot of people on the street
• ⁠저는 긴 거리를 건넜어요 = I crossed the long street
• ⁠저는 거리를 안전하게 건넜어요 = I crossed the street safely
• ⁠우리는 사거리에서 왼쪽으로 돌았어요 = We turned left at the intersection

손 = hand

Common Usages:

• 손으로 = with one’s hand
• 손가락 = finger
• 손목 = wrist (literally “hand neck”)
• 손잡이 = handle (literally “hand grabber”)
• 저의 손은 커요 = My hand is big

Example:

• ⁠저는 (저의) 손을 들었어요 = I raised/lifted my hand
• ⁠손을 씻으세요! = Wash your hands!
• ⁠손을 잘 씻고 먹어요 = To wash one’s hands well, and then eat

영어 = English

Common Usages:

• 영어로 = in English
• 영어로 말하다 = to speak in English
• 영어회화 = English conversation
• 영어 수업 = English class

Examples:

• ⁠제가 수업을 하면 항상 영어로 해요 = When I teach, I always do so in English
• ⁠저는 영어를 공부할 거예요 = I will study English
• ⁠한국 사람들은 외국 사람들과 영어를 연습하고 싶어요 = Korean people want to practice their English with foreigners
• ⁠저는 영어랑 한국어를 학교에서 배웠어요 = I learned English and Korean at school
• ⁠그 사람은 영어를 자연스럽게 말해요 = That person speaks English naturally
• ⁠영어를 어떻게 배웠어요? = How did you learn English?
• ⁠한국어는 영어보다 훨씬 어려워요 = Korean is much more difficult than English
• ⁠그 선생님은 영어를 가르친 지 20 년 됐어요 = That teacher has been teaching English for 20 years

택시 = taxi

Common Usages:

• 택시 기사 = taxi driver
• 택시를 타다 = to ride/take a taxi
• 택시로 가다 = to go by taxi

Example:

• ⁠택시는 버스보다 더 빨라요 = The taxi is quicker than the bus
• ⁠지하철을 놓쳤기 때문에 택시를 타야 돼요 = I missed the subway, so I must take a taxi

열차 = train

Common Usages:

• 열차로 가다 = to go by train
• 열차를 타다 = to ride/take a train

Example:

• ⁠열차는 택시보다 더 빨라요 = The train is faster than the taxi

역 = train/subway station

Common Usages:

• 서울역 = Seoul Station
• 역에서 내리다 = to get off at a station
• 출발역 = the first (departing) station

Example:

• ⁠홍대역에서 어떻게 가요? = How do I get to Hong-dae station?
• ⁠저는 서울역에서 내릴 거예요 = I will get off at Seoul station
• ⁠전철역까지 걸어갈래요? = Shall we walk to the subway station?
• ⁠이 기차는 서울역까지 가요 = This train goes to/until Seoul Station

버스 정류장 = bus stop

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “버스 정뉴장”

Common Usages:

• 버스 아저씨 = bus driver (informal way to refer to a male bus driver)
• 버스 기사 = bus driver
• 버스를 타다 = to get on/ride a bus
• 버스 카드 = bus/transportation card

Notes:

This refers to the bus stop for a public transportation style city bus. For inter-city buses, the word “버스 터미널” (bus terminal) is more frequently used.

Example:

• ⁠버스 정류장에서 버스를 타야 돼요 = You must get on the bus at the bus station
• ⁠다음 버스는 저 정류장에서 출발할 거예요 = The next bus will leave from that stop

비행기 = airplane

Common Usages:

• 비행기를 타다 = to take/ride an airplane

Examples:

• ⁠비행기가 아직 출발할 준비가 안 됐습니까? = Is the plane not yet ready to depart?
• ⁠하늘에 비행기가 있어요 = There is a plane in the sky
• ⁠거기에 가고 싶으면 비행기를 타야 돼요 = If you want to go there, you must take an airplane
• ⁠비행기가 9시에 출발할 예정이지만 눈이 많이 와서 못 출발할 것 같아요 = The plane is scheduled to depart at 9:00, but it probably won’t because it is snowing a lot

자전거 = bicycle

Common Usages:

• 자전거를 타다 = to ride a bicycle
• 자전거로 가다 = to go by bicycle

Example:

• ⁠저는 자전거를 타는 것이 너무 좋아요 = I like riding bicycles
• ⁠무릎이 아플 때 자전거를 타지 마세요 = When your knee hurts, don’t ride a bike

This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation [Video #6]

아내 = wife

Notes:

The word “와이프” is commonly used these days.

Examples:

• ⁠저의 아내는 너무 예뻐요 = My wife is very pretty
• ⁠저는 아내한테 꽃을 줬어요 = I gave flowers to my wife
• ⁠저는 저의 아내와 유럽에서 사랑에 빠졌어요 = I fell in love with my wife in Europe
• ⁠저의 아내는 자기가 요리한 것을 보통 안 먹어요 = My wife usually doesn’t eat the food she cooks
• ⁠제가 아내와 결혼하기 전에 우리는 2년 동안 사귀었어요 = Before marrying my wife, we went out/dated for 2 years

아이 = child

Common Usages:

• 아이를 돌보다 = to look after a child

Example:

• ⁠우리 아이는 아직 두 살이에요 = My child is still 2 years old
• ⁠우리 셋째 아이는 야구를 좋아해요 = Our third child likes baseball
• ⁠이 아이는 우리 첫째 아들이에요 = This (child) is our first son
• ⁠부모님들은 아이에 영향을 준다/미친다 = Parents have an influence on their children
• ⁠아이들은 나무 주위에서 놀고 있어요 = The children are playing around the tree
• ⁠저는 아이를 잃어버려서 걱정이 되었어요 = I was worried because I lost the baby
• ⁠그녀는 아이가 죽었다는 사실을 숨겼어요 = She hid (the fact that) her child died
• ⁠아이들은 자기 부모님을 존경해야 돼요 = Children must respect their parents
• ⁠저는 아이들이랑 바다에서 수영했어요 = I swam in the sea with the kids
• ⁠아이들은 만화영화를 매우 좋아해요 = Children really like animated movies

아들 = son

Common Usages:

• 아드님 = polite way to refer to somebody else’s son
• 큰아들 = one’s eldest son
• 첫째 아들 = first son
• 둘째 아들 = second son

Examples:

• ⁠우리 아들은 대학생이에요 = Our son is a university student
• ⁠할아버지는 우리 아들에게 돈을 주었어요 = Grandpa gave money to our son
• ⁠저의 아들은 열이 났어요 = My son had a fever
• ⁠저는 우리 아들이 자랑스러워요 = I am proud of our son
• ⁠너는 나쁜 아들이야 = You are a bad son
• ⁠저는 아들 세 명이 있어요 = I have three sons
• ⁠그 사람은 아들 한 명만 있어요 = That person only has one son
• ⁠아들은 엄마를 위해 박스를 들었어요 = The son carried the box for his mother
• ⁠우리 아들은 자기(의) 일을 항상 혼자 하고 싶어요 = Our son always wants to do his work alone

딸 = daughter

Common Usages:

• 따님 = polite way to refer to somebody else’s daughter
• 큰딸 = one’s eldest daughter
• 첫째 딸 = first daughter
• 둘째 딸 = second daughter

Example:

• ⁠우리 딸은 그 고등학교를 다녀요 = Our daughter attends that high school
• ⁠저는 저의 딸이 아주 자랑스러워요 = I am very proud of my daughter
• ⁠우리 딸은 사랑스러운 여자예요 = Our daughter is a loving/lovely girl
• ⁠딸은 어제부터 아팠어요 = The/our daughter has been sick (was sick) since yesterday

남편 = husband

Examples:

• ⁠저의 남편은 선생님이에요 = my husband is a teacher
• ⁠저는 남편을 공원에서 만날 거예요 = I will meet my husband at the park
• ⁠그 여자의 남편이 비서랑 바람을 피운다는 소문이 있어요 = There is a rumor that that woman’s husband is having an affair with his secretary

아버지 = father

Common Usages:

• 큰아버지 = the eldest brother of one’s father

Notes:

The word “아빠” is used colloquially

Example:

• ⁠아버지는 지금 일하고 있어요 = Dad is working now
• ⁠형하고 아버지는 영화를 봤어요 = My brother and dad saw a movie
• ⁠저와 저의 아버지는 너무 비슷해요 = I am very similar to my father
• ⁠저의 아버지는 모자를 항상 써요 = My father always wears a hat
• ⁠우리 아버지는 예전에 옷을 팔았어요 = Our dad sold clothes in the past
• ⁠우리 아버지는 고모와 살고 있어요 = Our father lives with our aunt
• ⁠나는 아버지랑 공원에 갈 거야 = I will go to the park with my dad

어머니 = mother

Common Usages:

• 큰어머니 = the wife of the eldest brother of one’s father

Notes:

The word “엄마” is used colloquially

Example:

• ⁠우리 어머니는 서울대학교를 다녔어요 = Our mom attended Seoul University
• ⁠저는 밥을 친구랑 저의 어머니랑 먹었어요 = I ate (rice) with my mom and my friend
• ⁠저의 어머니는 언니 세 명이 있어요 = My mother has three (older) sisters
• ⁠저의 어머니는 올해 한국에 올 것입니다 = My mom will come to Korea this year

편지 = letter

Common Usages:

• 편지를 쓰다 = to write a letter
• 편지를 받다 = to receive a letter

Examples:

• 저는 여자 친구를 위해 편지를 썼어요 = I wrote a letter for my girlfriend
• 저는 여자친구에게서 편지를 받았어요 = I received a letter from my girlfriend
• 저는 여자친구를 위해 편지를 쓰고 싶어요 = I want to write a letter for my girlfriend
• 우리는 서로 편지를 줬어요 = We gave letters to each other
• 저는 옛날 친구한테 편지를 보냈어요 = I sent a letter to an old friend
• 저의 여자 친구는 제가 쓴 편지를 찢었어요 = My girlfriend ripped up the letter that I wrote for her

맛 = taste

Common Usages:

• 맛있다 = delicious
• 맛없다 = not delicious
• 입맛 = one’s taste in food
• 입맛에 맞다 = to fit one’s taste in food
• 맛에 익숙하지 않다 = to not be accustomed to the taste of something

Notes:

맛 and 있다 come together to make “delicious” but this literally means “to have taste.” Likewise, the direct translation for “맛없다” or (맛이 없다) is “to have no taste”

Examples:

• 맛이 조금 이상해요 = The taste is a little bit strange
• 빨간 사과는 가장 맛있어요 = Red apples are the most delicious
• 이 떡은 쓰레기 맛 같아 = This 떡 tastes like garbage

식사 = meal

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “식싸”

Common Usages:

• 아침식사 = breakfast
• 점심식사 = lunch
• 저녁식사 = dinner

Examples:

• 저는 할머니를 위해 식사를 준비했어요 = I prepared a meal for grandmother
• 저는 아침식사를 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat breakfast
• 저는 보통 점심식사로 과일만 먹어요 = I usually only eat fruit for lunch
• 엄마가 온 후에 저는 저녁식사를 먹을 거예요 = After mom comes home, I will eat dinner
• 교감선생님은 선생님들을 위해 식사를 살 거예요 = The vice principal will buy a meal for all the teachers

아침 = morning

Common Usages:

• 아침식사 = breakfast
• 아침에 일어나다 = to wake up in the morning

Notes:

This can also be used to refer to “breakfast.” For example:

• 저는 아침을 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat breakfast

Examples:

• 저는 아침에 일찍 일어났어요 = I woke up early in the morning
• 저는 아침부터 밤까지 공부만 했어요 = I only studied from morning to night
• 대부분 사람들은 아침밥을 먹지 않는다 = Most people don’t eat breakfast (rice breakfast)
• 저는 항상 아침에 운동해요 = I always exercise in the morning
• 아침으로 무엇을 먹었어요? = What did you eat for breakfast?

아침식사 = breakfast

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “아침식싸”

Examples:

• 저는 오늘 아침식사를 못 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat breakfast today
• 저는 아침식사로 밥을 먹었어요 = I ate rice for breakfast

물 = water

Common Usages:

• 물을 마시다 = to drink water
• 바닷물 = sea water
• 물병 = water bottle
• 수돗물 = tap water
• 얼음물 = fish (literally, “water meat”)
• 물고기 = fish (literally, “water meat”)

Examples:

• 잘하려면 물을 마셔야 돼요 = If you want to do well, you must drink water
• 저는 물만 마셔요 = I only drink water
• 애기는 우유 대신에 물만 마시고 싶어요 = The baby wants to drink water instead of milk

사과 = apple

Example:

• 저는 사과랑 바나나를 샀어요 = I bought apples and bananas
• 바나나는 사과보다 더 맛있어요 = Bananas are more delicious than apples
• 사과도 여기서 파나요? = Do you sell apples here too?
• 빨간 사과는 가장 맛있어요 = Red apples are the most delicious

돈 = money

Common Usages:

• 용돈 = pocket money/allowance
• 돈을 내다 = to pay (money)
• 돈이 부족하다 = to not have enough money
• 돈을 벌다 = to earn money
• 돈을 주다 = to give money

Examples:

• 저는 돈이 없어요 = I don’t have any money
• 어머님은 너에게 돈을 줬어? = Did your mother give you money?
• 저는 돈을 받을 때 행복할 거예요 = When I receive (the) money, I will be happy
• 의사들은 돈이 많아 = Doctors have a lot of money
• 아버지는 아들에게 돈을 준다 = The father gives money to his son
• 저는 돈을 정부로부터 받았어요 = I received money from the government
• 얼마나 많은 돈을 가져갈 거야? = How much money will you bring?

Verbs

오다 = to come

Common Usages:

• ~에서 왔다 = to come from
• 내려오다 = to come down
• 올라오다 = to come up
• 다녀오다 = to go, and then come back
• 갔다 오다 = to go, and then come back
• 돌아오다 = to come back
• 걸어오다 = to come by walking

Example:

• 그 사람은 미국에서 왔어요 = That person came from the United States
• 친구들은 언제 올 거예요? = When are the friends coming?
• 어디에서 왔어요? = Where are you from (from where did you come?)
• 저의 친구는 6시 30분에 올 거예요 = My friend will come at 6:30
• 그는 올 거라고 약속했어요 = He promised that he would come
• 캐나다에 언제 돌아올 거예요? = When are you coming back to Canada?
• 선생님 몇 분 올 거예요? = How many teachers will come?
• 어제 어떤 남자가 왔어요? = Which man came here yesterday?

끝내다 = to finish

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “끈내다”

Notes:

It is often more common to use the passive form (끝나다) to indicate that you finished something. For example:

• 일이 끝났어요 = The work is finished (which implies that you finished the work)

The grammar for this is talked about in Lesson 14.

Examples:

• 저는 저의 숙제를 끝냈어요 = I finished my homework
• 저는 숙제를 끝내고 나서 집으로 갈 거예요 = I will finish my homework then go home
• 저는 일을 만족스럽게 끝냈어요 = I finished the work/job satisfactorily
• 시험을 끝내기 전에 답을 확인하세요 = Check your answers before finishing the test

춤추다 = to dance

Notes:

The word “춤” is the noun “dance,” as in “a dance.” Coupled with the verb “추다” is means “to dance.”

Example:

• 저는 춤추는 것이 좋아요 = I like dancing

알다 = to know

알다 follows the ㄹ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.

Common Usages:

• 알겠습니다 = This is a formal way to say “okay, I understand.”
• 알았어 = This is an informal way to say “okay, I understand”

Examples:

• 저는 그 사람을 알아요 = I know that person
• 저는 그것을 알고 있어요 = I know that
• 누구나 그 여자를 알아요 = Everybody knows that girl
• 서울에 어떻게 가는지 알아요 = I know how to get to Seoul
• 서울에 어떻게 가는지 알아요? = Do you know how to get to Seoul?
• 그 단어를 어떻게 발음하는지 알아요 = I know how to pronounce that word
• 그 단어를 어떻게 발음하는지 알아요? = Do you know how to pronounce that word?
• 그 학생이 책을 왜 버렸는지 알아요 = I know why that student threw out his book
• 그 학생이 책을 왜 버렸는지 알아요? = Do you know why that student threw out his book?
• 제가 한국어를 왜 배우고 싶은지 알아요? = Do you know why I want to learn Korean?

걷다 = to walk

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “걷따”

걷다 follows the ㄷ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.

Common Usages:

• 걸어가다 = to go by walking
• 걸어오다 = to come by walking

Example:

• 우리는 집에 걸어왔어요 = We walked home
• 저는 10분 동안 걸었어요 = I walked for 10 minutes
• 여자는 학교에 걸었어요 = The girl walked to school
• 그 여자는 항상 그렇게 걸어요 = That girl always walks like that
• 저는 너무 많이 걸어서 지금 발이 아파요 = My feet are sore because I walked so much
• 우리는 차가 없어서 집에 걸어왔어요 = We didn’t have a car so we walked home
• 전철역까지 걸어갈래요? = Shall we walk to the subway station?
• 학생들은 교실 쪽으로 걸어요 = Students walk towards/in the direction of their class
• 우리가 천천히 안 걸었더라면 늦게 도착하지 않았을 거예요 = If we hadn’t walk slowly, we wouldn’t have arrived late

배우다 = to learn

Common Usages:

• 한국어를 배우다 = to learn Korean
• 영어를 배우다 = to learn English
• 한국어를 배우고 싶다 = to want to learn Korean

Examples:

• 한국어를 언제부터 배웠어요 ? = Since when did you learn Korean?
• 저는 그것을 지난 시간에 배웠어요 = I learned that (thing) last time
• 저는 한국어를 한국에서 배웠어요 = I learned Korean in Korea
• 저는 한국어를 배우고 싶어요 = I want to learn Korean
• 우리는 다음 시간에 더 배울 거예요 = We will learn more next time
• 저는 5년 이내에 외국어를 다섯 개 배우고 싶어요 = I want to learn 5 languages within five years
• 한국에 온 이래로 한국어를 배우고 있어요 = Since coming to Korea, I have been learning Korean

연습하다 = to practice

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “연스파다”

Example:

• 한국 사람들은 외국 사람들과 영어를 연습하고 싶어요 = Korean people want to practice their English with foreigners
• 연습을 많이 해도 시합에서 질 거예요 = Regardless of how much you practice, you will lose the match

생각하다 = to think

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “생가카다”

The noun form of this word translates to “a thought” or “an idea.”

Common Usages:

• 좋은 생각이 났어요 = I have a good idea (literally, “a good thought came up”)
• 무슨 생각 해? = What are you thinking?

Notes:

Typically the grammatical principle ~ㄴ/다고 precedes 생각하다 as if it is a quoted sentence. For more information, visit Lesson 52.

Examples:

• 저도 그렇게 생각해요 = I think that way as well
• 나는 너에 대해 생각했어 = I thought about you
• 그 여자에 대해 어떻게 생각해요? = What do you think about that girl?
• 저는 그렇게 생각하지 않아요 = I don’t think like that
• 저는 저의 엄마에 대해 생각했어요 = I thought about my mother
• 우리 집에 대해 어떻게 생각해요? = What do you think about our house?

살다 = to live

살다 follows the ㄹ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.

Common Usages:

• 살아 있다 = to be living (the opposite of dead)

Notes:

In order to say that you live in a place, it is acceptable to use “살고 있다.”

For example: 저는 한국에서 살고 있어요. Note that this directly translates to “I am living in Korea”, whereas is English we would most likely say “I live in Korea.” See Lesson 18.

Example:

• 저는 서울에서 살고 있어요 = I live in Seoul
• 어느 집에서 살아요? = Which house do you live in?
• 저는 학교에서 멀리 살고 있어요 = I live far from school
• 한국에서 언제부터 살았어요? = Since when have you lived in Korea?
• 저는 2년 동안 외국에서 살았어요 = I lived in a foreign country for 2 years
• 저는 7년 동안 한국에서 살았어요 = I lived in Korea for seven years
• 우리 아버지는 고모와 살고 있어요 = Our father lives with our aunt
• 저는 멀리 살고 있기 때문에 집까지 걸어가기 힘들어요 = It is difficult to walk home because I live far

Passive Verbs

끝나다 = to be finished

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “끈나다”

Notes:

This is the first passive verb you have come across. For more information on passive verbs, visit Lesson 14.

Examples:

• 이 콘서트가 벌써 끝났어요? = Is the concert already finished?
• 숙제는 끝났어요 = My homework is finished
• 수업은 2분 후에 끝날 거예요 = Class will finish 2 minutes from now
• 그 일이 다 끝나서 지금 기분이 아주 좋아요 = Now that that work is finished, I am very happy

Adjectives

위험하다 = to be dangerous

The noun form of this word translates to “danger”

Common Usages:

• 위험성 = riskiness
• 위험물 = something dangerous

Examples:

• 그 장소가 너무 위험해서 가지 마세요 = That place is very dangerous, so don’t go
• 이런 일은 위험해요 = This type of work is dangerous
• 그 사람은 위험한 남자입니다 = That person is a dangerous man

잘생기다 = to be handsome

Notes:

A composition of the adverb 잘 (well) and the verb 생기다 (to look like), which means it gets conjugated as a verb. It typically conjugates to the past tense (잘생겼다) even when talking about the present tense.

Examples:

• 그 남자는 너무 잘생겼어요 = That man is very handsome
• 저는 잘생긴 남자를 만나요 = I meet a handsome man
• 파란 눈이 있는 남자가 가장 잘생겼어요 = Men with blue eyes are the most handsome
• 그는 별로 잘생기지 않았다 = He’s not that handsome
• 그는 전혀 잘생기지 않았다 = He’s not handsome at all

못생기다 = to be ugly

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “몯쌩기다”

Notes:

A composition of the adverb 못 (not well, poorly) and the verb 생기다. Like 잘생기다, it is conjugated as a verb in the past tense.

Example:

• 그 남자는 너무 못생겼어요 = That man is very ugly
• 그 여자는 우리 반에서 제일 못생긴 여자예요 = That girl is the ugliest in our class

피곤하다 = to be tired

The noun form of this word translates to “tiredness” or “fatigue”

Example:

• 저는 일을 많이 해서 너무 피곤해요 = I am very tired because I worked a lot
• 너무 피곤해서 자고 싶어요 = I want to sleep because I am so tired
• 피곤한 사람은 침대에 누워서 잤어요 = The tired person lied on the bed and slept
• 잠을 못 자면 다음 날에 몸이 피곤해져요 = If you don’t sleep well, the next day you will be tired

다르다 = to be different

다르다 follows the 르 irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.

Common Usages:

• 또 따른 = another

Notes:

When saying something is different “from” something, 와/과/랑/이랑 must be attached to the noun that is being compared. See Lesson 15 for more information.

Examples:

• 저는 다른 영화를 보고 싶어요 = I want to see a different movie
• 우리는 매우 달라요 = We are so different
• 그 건물은 어제와 달라요 = That building is different from yesterday
• 고양이는 강아지와 달라요 = Cats are different from dogs
• 캐나다는 한국과 문화적으로 달라요 = Canada and Korea are culturally different
• 서양사람들은 동양사람들과 달라요 = Western people are different from Eastern people
• 그 여자가 오늘 화장을 하지 않아서 아주 달라 보여요 = That girl looks very different today because she didn’t do her makeup

슬프다 = to be sad

슬프다 follows the ㅡ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.

Common Usages:

• 슬퍼하지 마세요 = Don’t be sad

Example:

• 우리 할아버지가 죽어서 저는 너무 슬퍼요 = I am very sad because my grandfather died
• 저의 여자친구는 어제 너무 슬퍼 보였어요 = My girlfriend looked really sad yesterday
• 제가 슬프다면 친구를 만나지 않을 거예요 = If I am sad, I’m not going to meet my friend

맛있다 = to be delicious

Although technically a combination of the noun “맛” (taste) and “있다” (to have) 맛있다 is officially seen as one word (literally meaning “to have taste”) and the pronunciation of ㅅ in “맛” is transferred to the next syllable. This makes the entire word sound like “마싣따.”

Conversely, 맛없다, which means “to not be delicious,” is officially seen as two words (literally meaning “to not have taste”). As such, the pronunciation of ㅅ in “맛” is usually not transferred to the next syllable and the entire word sounds like “마덥따”

Common Usages:

• 맛있는 음식 = delicious food

Examples:

• 맛있는 것을 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat something delicious
• 빨간 사과는 가장 맛있어요 = Red apples are the most delicious
• 사과는 가장 맛있는 과일이에요 = Apples are the most delicious fruit
• 한식은 너무 맛있어요 = Korean food is very delicious

재미있다 = to be fun, to be funny

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “재미읻따”

Notes:

Like the word “맛있다,” 재미있다 is made up of “재미” and “있다” (to have). Therefore, even though 재미있다 is an adjective (funny), it is conjugated like 있다.

Examples:

• 그 영화가 너무 재미있었어요 = That movie was very funny
• 그 남자는 재미있는 남자예요 = That man is a funny person
• 제가 보고 있는 영화는 재미있어요 = The movie I am watching is funny
• 친구를 만났으면 재미있었을 것이다 = If I had met my friend, it would have been fun
• 설사를 하는 것은 재미있어요 = Having diarrhea is fun

많다 = to be many of, to be a lot of

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “만타”

Notes:

An adjective that means “many,” 많다 can be placed before a noun to describe it. For example:

• 많은 사람은 저를 좋아해요 (many people like me)

However, 많다 is more naturally used by using the ~는 것 principle. For example:

• 저를 좋아하는 사람은 많아요 (literally: there are many people who like me)

The ~는 것 principle is very difficult to describe, and is talked about in detail from Lessons 26 to 33.

Examples:

• 그 회사에서 일하는 사람은 많아요 = There are many people who work at that company.
• 지난 주에 저는 계획이 많았어요 = I had a lot of plans last week
• 동대문시장에서 아주머니가 많아요 = There are a lot of older women in Dongdaemun market
• 그곳에서 구경하는 사람이 많아요 = There are a lot of people sightseeing in that place
• 저는 거기에 사람이 많을 것 같아서 가고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to go there because there will probably be too many people

행복하다 = to be happy

The pronunciation of this word is closer to “행보카다”

Common Usages:

• 행복한 사람 = happy person

Example:

• 저는 매우 행복한 사람이에요 = I am a very happy person
• 저는 공원에 가는 날에 항상 행복해요 = I am always happy on the days I go to the park
• 왜 그렇게 행복해 보여요? = Why do you look so happy?
• 저는 행복하기 때문에 죽고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to die because I am happy
• 저는 돈을 받을 때 행복할 거예요 = When I receive (the) money, I will be happy
• 내가 행복하면 숙제를 잘 해 = When/If I am happy, I do my homework well
• 제가 행복하다면 일을 더 잘 할 거예요 = If I am happy, I will work harder

Adverbs and Other Words

거기 = there

Notes:

The difference between “그” and “저” is the same as the difference between “거기” and “저기.” “거기” is used when referring to a place that has already been mentioned, and “저기” is used when you are referring to a place that is farther away than “여기.”

거기 and ~에세 form to make “거기서.”

Example:

• 거기서 언제부터 살았어요? = Since when did you live there?
• 거기에 간 적이 없어요 = I have never gone/been there/I haven’t been there
• 제가 거기에 가는 중이에요 = I am going there
• 밥을 거기에 두지 말아 주세요 = Don’t put the rice there, please
• 거기에 가고 싶으면 비행기를 타야 돼요 = If you want to go there, you must take an airplane
• 친구가 거기에 많을 거라서 그 파티에 가고 싶어요 = Many of my friends will be there, so/therefore I want to go to that party

저기 = there (when farther away)

저기 and ~에서 form to make “저기서”

When trying to get the attention of somebody – for example, when you want to order something at a restaurant – it is common to say “저기요!.” For example:

• 저기요! 지금 주문할게요! = Excuse me! We would like to order now!

Examples:

• 저기까지 걷자! = Let’s walk that far/Let’s walk as far as there
• 이불을 다 저기에 넣었어요 = I put the blankets there
• 저기까지 아주 빨리 수영하더라도 그 사람을 구하지 못할 거예요 = Even if you swim there very fast, you won’t be able to save that person

지금 = now

Notes:

Though referring to a time, “에” is usually not attached to “지금”

Common Usages:

• 지금부터 = from now
• 지금까지 = until now

Example:

• 저는 밥을 지금 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat now
• 그 여자를 지금까지 좋아했어요 = I liked that girl until now
• 여자들은 지금 영화를 보고 있어요 = The girls are watching a movie now
• 저는 밥을 다 먹어서 지금 배불러요 = I ate all the food, so/therefore, I am full now
• 열심히 운동하고 지금 힘이 빠졌어요 = After exercising, I now have no energy
• 내가 밥을 벌써 먹어서 지금 먹고 싶지 않아 = Because I already ate, I don’t want to eat now
• 그 학생은 어떤 여자와 지금 사귀고 있어요 = That student is going out with some girl now

하지만 = but

Notes:

It would be more natural to connect sentences with a grammatical principle (like ~지만 or ~는데) than to separate them using 하지만.

Example:

• 거기에 가고 싶어요. 하지만 돈이 없어요 = I want to go there. But I have no money
• 저는 먹고 싶어요. 하지만 배고프지 않아요 = I want to eat. But, I am not hungry

There are 1050 vocabulary entries in Unit 1. All entries are linked to an audio file. You can download all of these files in one package here.

For help memorizing these words, try using our mobile app.

You might also want to try listening to all of the words on loop with this [Vocabulary Practice video]

Common Greeting Words

I wish I could tell you not to worry about these. Of course, I can tell you “don’t worry about these,” but I don’t think that will do. When learning a language, everybody wants to learn these words as soon as possible. I understand that completely, but I have purposely waited to teach you these types of words. In fact, I still don’t want to show them to you – but at this point I am sure you are asking yourself “I’ve gotten this far and I still don’t even know how to say ‘goodbye’ yet!”

In Korean, it is much easier to understand these words/phrases if you also understand why they are used the way they are. Unfortunately, we haven’t reached the point where you can understand this. We will get to that in a few more lessons. Either way, here are some very common phrases which I am sure you are dying to know:

• 안녕히 가세요 = Goodbye (said to somebody going)
• 안녕히 계세요 = Goodbye (said to somebody staying)
• 만나서 반갑습니다 = Nice to meet you
• 실례합니다 = Excuse me
• 죄송합니다 / 미안합니다 = Sorry
• 이름이 뭐예요? = What is your name?
• 저의 이름은 **__**이에요 = My name is __
• 어디에서 왔어요? = Where are you from?
• 저는 **__**에서 왔어요 = I am from __

If you can’t memorize them, that is okay. I still maintain the position that you should put off memorizing these until you can understand the grammar within them.

Now that we have gotten that out of the way, let’s start studying some actual material.

Using Adjectives ~ㄴ/은

Alright, this won’t help you understand those greeting words any better, but what you are about to learn is a major step in learning Korean. You should remember these two important facts from the previous lesson:

• All sentences must end with either a verb or adjective
• All verbs/adjectives end with the syllable ‘다’

Although both of those are true (and always will be), let’s look at them more deeply:

• All sentences must end with either a verb or adjective Yes, but verbs and adjectives can ALSO go elsewhere in a sentence. In the previous lesson, you learned this sentence:

• 저는 배를 원하다 = I want a boat (나는 배를 원해 / 저는 배를 원해요 )

But what if you want to say: “I want a big boat.” In that sentence, there is a verb and an adjective. Where should we put the adjective? In Korean, this adjective is placed in the same position as in English. For example:

• 나는 배를 원하다 = I want a boat
• 나는 big 배를 원하다 = I want a big boat

Simple. So we just substitute the Korean word for big (크다) into that sentence?:

• 나는 크다 배를 원하다 = Not correct. Not by a long shot.

Remember that second rule I taught you?:

• All verbs/adjectives end with the syllable ‘다’ – Yes, but the version of the word with ‘다’ as the last syllable is simply the dictionary form of that word and is rarely used. Every verb/adjective in Korean has a ‘stem,’ which is made up of everything preceding 다 in the dictionary form of the word. Let’s look at some examples:

---

• 크다 = 크 (stem) + 다
• 작다 = 작 (stem) + 다
• 좋다 = 좋 (stem) + 다
• 길다 = 길 (stem) + 다
• 배우다 = 배우 (stem) + 다

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Most of the time, when you deal with a verb/adjective, you eliminate ~다 and add something to the stem.

When you want to make an adjective that can describe a noun, as in:

• small boy
• big boat
• delicious hamburger
• soft hand

you must eliminate ‘~다’ and add ~ㄴ or ~은 to the stem of the adjective.

Words in which the last syllable of the stem ends in a vowel (크다/비싸다/싸다) you add ~ㄴ to the last syllable:

Word	Stem	Adjective that can describe a noun	Example	Translation
크다	크	큰	큰 배	Big boat
비싸다	비싸	비싼	비싼 음식	Expensive food
싸다	싸	싼	싼 것	Cheap thing

Words in which the last syllable of the stem ends in a consonant (작다/좋다/많다) you add ~은 to the stem:

Word	Stem	Adjective that can describe a noun	Example	Translation
작다	작	작은	작은 남자	Small man
좋다	좋	좋은	좋은 아들	Good son
많다	많	많은	많은 돈	A lot of money

Looking back to what we were trying to write before:

• I want a big boat = 저는 크다 배를 원하다 = incorrect
• I want a big boat = 저는 큰 배를 원하다 = correct

The key to understanding this is being able to understand the difference between the following:

• 음식은 비싸다 = The food is expensive
• 비싼 음식 = expensive food

The first example is a sentence. The second example is not a sentence. The second sentence needs more words in order for it to be a sentence. You need to add either a verb or adjective that predicates the noun of “expensive food.” For example:

• 나는 비싼 음식을 먹다 = I eat expensive food
  • (나는 비싼 음식을 먹어 / 저는 비싼 음식을 먹어요 )
  • The verb “to eat” predicates this sentence.
• 저는 비싼 음식을 좋아하다 = I like expensive food
  • (나는 비싼 음식을 좋아해 / 저는 비싼 음식을 좋아해요 )
  • The verb “to like” predicates this sentence.
• 비싼 음식은 맛있다 = Expensive food is delicious
  • (비싼 음식은 맛있어 / 비싼 음식은 맛있어요 )
  • The adjective “to be delicious” predicates this sentence. Notice that there is no object in this sentence.

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(Remember, for the last time – you do not know how to conjugate verbs and adjectives at the end of a sentence yet. This will be introduced in the next lesson. Because you do not know how to conjugate verbs/adjectives at the ends of sentences, examples with un-conjugated forms are presented in this lesson. Remember that these sentences are technically incorrect, but understanding them is crucial to your understanding of the Korean sentence structure.

As with the previous three lessons, I have provided conjugated examples below each un-conjugated example. You will probably not be able to understand these conjugations.)

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More examples of using adjectives to describe nouns within a sentence:

• 나는 작은 집에 가다 = I go to the small house
  • (나는 작은 집에 가 / 저는 작은 집에 가요 )
• 나는 큰 차를 원하다 = I want a big car
  • (나는 큰 차를 원해 / 저는 큰 차를 원해요 )
• 나는 잘생긴 남자를 만나다 = I meet a handsome man
  • (나는 잘생긴 남자를 만나 / 저는 잘생긴 남자를 만나요 )
• 나는 많은 돈이 있다 = I have a lot of money
  • (나는 많은 돈이 있어 / 저는 많은 돈이 있어요 )
• 나는 뚱뚱한 학생을 만나다 = I meet a fat student
  • (나는 뚱뚱한 학생을 만나 / 저는 뚱뚱한 학생을 만나요 )

In Lessons 1 and 2, I explained that adjectives cannot “act” on objects. Many learners look at the sentences above and say “Hey! Those sentences have an object and an adjective!” Adjectives cannot act on an object to predicate a sentence. This means you cannot use a sentence like this (in either language):

나는 집을 작다 = I small house

However, I didn’t say anything about adjectives and objects being used in the same sentence. Adjectives can be used to describe an object that is being predicated by a verb. I will continue to talk about this in the examples below.

In all of the examples above, notice the difference in function between when an adjective is used to describe a noun compared to when it is used to predicate a sentence. For example:

• 나는 작은 집에 가다 = I go to the small house
  • (나는 작은 집에 가 / 저는 작은 집에 가요 )
  • The verb “to go” predicates this sentence.
• 그 집은 작다 = That house is small
  • (그 집은 작아 / 그 집은 작아요 )
  • The adjective “to be small” predicates this sentence.
  • Notice that there is no object in this sentence.

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• 저는 큰 차를 원하다 = I want a big car
  • (나는 큰 차를 원해 / 저는 큰 차를 원해요 )
  • The verb “to want” predicates this sentence.
• 이 차는 크다 = This car is big
  • (이 차는 커 / 이 차는 커요 )
  • The adjective “to be big” predicates this sentence.
  • Notice that there is no object in this sentence.

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In each of the examples above, even though the adjective always acts as a descriptive word, in the cases when they are placed before nouns to describe them – those nouns are able to be placed anywhere in the sentence (for example, as the subject, object, location, or other places). This same thing happens in English, where I can have a simple sentence like this:

• 남자는 음식을 먹다 = The man eats food
  • (남자는 음식을 먹어 / 남자는 음식을 먹어요 )

I can use adjectives to describe each noun in the sentence. For example:

• 행복한 여자는 작은 차 안에 있다 = The happy girl is inside the small car
  • (행복한 여자는 작은 차 안에 있어 / 행복한 여자는 작은 차 안에 있어요 )

You will see some adjectives that end in “~있다.” The most common of these for a beginner are:

• 맛있다 = delicious
• 재미있다 = fun, funny

When an adjective ends in “~있다” like this, instead of attaching ~ㄴ/은 to the stem, you must attach ~는 to the stem. For example:

• 그 남자는 재미있는 남자이다 = that man is a funny man
  • (그 남자는 재미있는 남자야 / 그 남자는 재미있는 남자예요 )
• 나는 맛있는 음식을 먹다 = I eat delicious food
  • (나는 맛있는 음식을 먹어 / 저는 맛있는 음식을 먹어요 )

The difference here is due to what I call the “~는 것” principle. For now, you do not need to think about why ~는 is added instead of ~ㄴ/은. It is sufficient at this point to just memorize it as an exception. The concept behind this grammatical rule is introduced in Lesson 26 and I continue to discuss it into other Lessons in Unit 2. This concept is related to verb s being able to describe nouns. For example:

“The man who I met yesterday will go to the park that I want to go to”

However, this is very complex and is the whole basis to the ~는 것 principle that I mentioned earlier. As I said, you will begin to learn about this in Lesson 26.

To be a lot of: 많다

A good way to practice your understanding of how adjectives can be used to describe a noun in a sentence or to predicate an entire sentence is to apply your knowledge to the word “많다.” 많다 is an adjective that describes that there is “many’ or “a lot” of something. Its translation to English usually depends on how it is used in a sentence. For example, when used to describe nouns in a sentence, it can be used in the following way:

• 나는 많은 음식을 먹다 = I eat a lot of food
  • (나는 많은 음식을 먹어 / 저는 많은 음식을 먹어요 )
• 나는 많은 돈이 있다 = I have a lot of money
  • (나는 많은 돈이 있어 / 저는 많은 돈이 있어요 )
• 나는 많은 아내가 있다 = I have a lot of wives (ha!)
  • (나는 많은 아내가 있어 / 저는 많은 아내가 있어요 )

Now, if we use “많다” to predicate a sentence, it can be used like this:

사람이 많다

In your Korean studies, you need to realize that it is never effective to think of a Korean sentence as an exact translation in English. The fact is, Korean and English grammar are completely different, and trying to force the rules/structure of English into Korean is unnatural. If we stuck with the translation of “a lot of” for the meaning of “많다” and forced the English translation to the sentence “사람이 많다”, we would get:

People are a lot of

… But that clearly is not accurate. Instead, what is the sentence “사람이 많다” describing? It is describing that there is a lot of something, therefore, the translation should be:

• 사람이 많다 = there is a lot of people
  • (사람이 많아 / 사람이 많아요 )

Therefore, when 많다 predicates a sentence, its translation is usually “There is/are a lot of…”. Here is another example:

• 음식이 많다 = there is a lot of food
  • (음식이 많아 / 음식이 많아요 )

Of course, this can be applied to very complex sentences as well, but this is just the very beginning. Eventually, you will be able to make a sentence like:

There are a lot of singers who become famous and spend all of their money too quickly

This sentence as well would also end in “많다.” The structure would basically be:

(singers who become famous and spend all of their money too quickly)가 많다

You are still very far from understanding how complex sentences like that work, but I want to show you that the content you learned in this lesson brings you one step closer.

Also notice that the particles 이/가 are attached to the subjects in sentences ending with “많다.” There are some words where the use of the particles ~이/가 on the subject of the sentence is more natural than the use of ~는/은. 많다 is one of these words. We will continue to tell you in which situations it is more natural to use ~이/가 instead of ~은/는 as we progress through our lessons.

Particle ~도

~도 is another particle that is very useful in Korean. It has the meaning of “too/as well.” It can replace the subject particles (는/은) OR the object particles (를/을), depending on what you are saying “too” with. For example:

• 저도 한국어를 말하다 = I speak Korean as well (In addition to other people)
  • (나도 한국어를 말해 / 저도 한국어를 말해요 )

which is different from:

• 저는 한국어도 말하다 = I speak Korean as well (in addition to other languages)
  • (나는 한국어도 말해 / 저는 한국어도 말해요 )

Make sure you notice the difference between the previous two examples. In English these two are written the same, but sound different when speaking. In the first example, you are emphasizing that YOU also speak Korean, in addition to other people that you are talking about. In the second example, you are emphasizing that (in addition to other languages), you also speak Korean. See the two examples below for the same issue:

• 저도 사과를 먹다 = I eat apples as well
  • (나도 사과를 먹어 / 저도 사과를 먹어요 )
• 저는 사과도 먹다 = I eat apples as well
  • (나는 사과도 먹어 / 저는 사과도 먹어요 )

Notice the difference in pronunciation in English. The first one has the meaning of “other people eat some apples, but I too eat some apples.” The second example has the meaning of “I eat some other food as well, but I also eat apples.” It is important to recognize that whatever noun “~도” is attached to is the thing that is being expressed as “too.” More examples:

• 나도 그것을 알다 = I know that, too
  • (나도 그것을 알아 / 저도 그것을 알아요 )
• 나도 피곤하다 = I am tired, too
  • (나도 피곤해 / 저도 피곤해요 )
• 나의 딸도 행복하다 = My daughter is happy, too
  • (나의 딸도 행복해 / 저의 딸도 행복해요 )

There are 1250 example sentences in Unit 1. All entries are linked to an audio file. You can download all of these files in one package here.

Okay, I got it! Take me to the next lesson! Or, Click here for a workbook to go along with this lesson.

Summary

Want to try to create some sentences using the vocabulary and grammar from this lesson?

This YouTube video will prompt you to translate English sentences into Korean using the concepts from this lesson.

Want to practice your listening skills?

This YouTube video will prompt you with Korean sentences to dictate using the concepts from this lesson.

Want to apply what you learned in this lesson?

This YouTube video will prompt you with English sentences using the grammar from this lesson, but vocabulary you haven’t been exposed to yet!

The following videos are available to reinforce the concepts taught in this lesson:

[Word Listening]

[Lesson Recap]