lesson 12 verbs

2026-05-09 13:12:05 +07:00
1 parent d9c15fadb0
commit f279917d91
@@ -224,18 +224,25 @@ Example:
 The pronunciation of this word is closer to “속싸기다”
 Example:
 저는 그녀의 귀에 **속삭였어요** = I **whispered** into her ear
-복습하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v14.mp3" /> = to review, to re-study
+- 저는 그녀의 귀에 **속삭였어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **whispered** into her ear</span>
 </Details>
 복습하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v14.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to review, to re-study</span>
 <Details>
 The pronunciation of this word is closer to “복쓰파다”
 Common Usages:
-복습수업 = review class
+
 - <TTS>복습수업</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">review class</span>
 Example:
-저는 그것을 처음부터 끝까지 **복습했어요** = I **reviewed** that from start to finish
+
-시험을 보기 전 날에 내용을 **복습해**야 돼요 = I need to **review** the content on the day before the exam
+- 저는 그것을 처음부터 끝까지 **복습했어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **reviewed** that from start to finish</span>
 - 시험을 보기 전 날에 내용을 **복습해**야 돼요 = <span class="md spoiler">I need to **review** the content on the day before the exam</span>
 </Details>
@@ -244,14 +251,16 @@ Example:
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
-자리를 바꾸다 = to change places/seats
+
 - <TTS>자리를 바꾸다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to change places/seats</span>
 Example:
-우리는 계획을 **바꿔**야 돼요 = We have to **change** our plans
+
-저는 내일의 예정을 **바꿨어요** = I **changed** tomorrow’s schedule
+- 우리는 계획을 **바꿔**야 돼요 = <span class="md spoiler">We have to **change** our plans</span>
-비가 온 다음 날에 하늘은 보라색으로 **바꿨어요** = The sky **turned** purple the day after the rain
+- 저는 내일의 예정을 **바꿨어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **changed** tomorrow’s schedule</span>
-새로운 핸드폰을 사고 전화번호를 **바꿨어요** = After buying a new phone, I **changed** my phone number
+- 비가 온 다음 날에 하늘은 보라색으로 **바꿨어요** = <span class="md spoiler">The sky **turned** purple the day after the rain</span>
-그 식당은 메뉴를 **바꿨어요** = That restaurant **changed** its menu
+- 새로운 핸드폰을 사고 전화번호를 **바꿨어요** = <span class="md spoiler">After buying a new phone, I **changed** my phone number</span>
 - 그 식당은 메뉴를 **바꿨어요** = <span class="md spoiler">That restaurant **changed** its menu</span>
 </Details>
@@ -260,8 +269,9 @@ Example:
 <Details>
 Example:
-저는 캐나다에서 **유학했어요** = I **studied abroad** in Canada
+
-영어를 할 수 없으면 **유학**을 갈 수 없어요 = If you can’t speak English, you can’t **study abroad**
+- 저는 캐나다에서 **유학했어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **studied abroad** in Canada</span>
 - 영어를 할 수 없으면 **유학**을 갈 수 없어요 = <span class="md spoiler">If you can’t speak English, you can’t **study abroad**</span>
 </Details>
@@ -270,13 +280,15 @@ Example:
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
-넘어질 뻔하다 = to almost fall
+
 - <TTS>넘어질 뻔하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to almost fall</span>
 Example:
-길이 미끄러워서 저는 **넘어졌어요** = I **fell over** because the road is slippery
+
-네가 **넘어질** 것처럼 보였어 = It looked like you were going to <strong>fall</strong>
+- 길이 미끄러워서 저는 **넘어졌어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **fell over** because the road is slippery</span>
-늙은 아주머니는 **넘어졌어요** = The old lady <strong>fell over</strong>
+- 네가 **넘어질** 것처럼 보였어 = <span class="md spoiler">It looked like you were going to <strong>fall</strong></span>
-만약 엄마의 손을 안 잡았더라면 **넘어졌을 거예요** = If I didn’t grab mom’s hand, I would have **fallen**
+- 늙은 아주머니는 **넘어졌어요** = <span class="md spoiler">The old lady <strong>fell over</strong></span>
 - 만약 엄마의 손을 안 잡았더라면 **넘어졌을 거예요** = <span class="md spoiler">If I didn’t grab mom’s hand, I would have **fallen**</span>
 </Details>
@@ -285,13 +297,17 @@ Example:
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
 독서실 = reading room
-Notes: This word less common and more difficult than “읽다.” When using 독서하다, within the meaning of the verb is that one is reading a book. You don’t need to include the object “책” if using this verb. It is common in its noun form “독서” to refer to the noun of reading a book.
+- <TTS>독서실</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">reading room</span>
 Notes:
 This word less common and more difficult than “<TTS>읽다</TTS>.” When using 독서하다, within the meaning of the verb is that one is reading a book. You don’t need to include the object “<TTS>책</TTS>” if using this verb. It is common in its noun form “<TTS>독서</TTS>” to refer to the noun of <span class="md spoiler">reading a book</span>.
 Example:
-심심할 때 독서를 하는 것이 좋아요 = When bored, **reading books** is good
+
-내일 공부하러 **독서**실에 갈래요? = Shall we go to the **reading** room tomorrow to study?
+- 심심할 때 독서를 하는 것이 좋아요 = <span class="md spoiler">When bored, **reading books** is good</span>
 - 내일 공부하러 **독서**실에 갈래요? = <span class="md spoiler">Shall we go to the **reading** room tomorrow to study?</span>
 </Details>
@@ -299,21 +315,23 @@ Example:
 <Details>
-The noun form of this word translates to “departure”
+The noun form of this word translates to “<span class="md spoiler">departure</span>”
 Common Usages:
-출발 시간 = the time of departure
+
-출발역 = the first (departing) station
+- <TTS>출발 시간</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the time of departure</span>
-출발점 = the point of departure
+- <TTS>출발역</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the first (departing) station</span>
-출발지 = the point of departure (usually used when filling out a customs form upon arrival in a new country)
+- <TTS>출발점</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the point of departure</span>
 - <TTS>출발지</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the point of departure</span> (usually used when <span class="md spoiler">filling out a customs form upon arrival in a new country</span>)
 Example:
-우리는 언제 **출발할** **거예요** **?** = When are we going to **leave/depart**?
+
-비행기가 아직 **출발할** 준비가 안 됐습니까? = Is the plane not yet ready to **depart**?
+- 우리는 언제 **출발할** **거예요** **?** = <span class="md spoiler">When are we going to **leave/depart**?</span>
-저는 인천공항에서 **출발했어요** = I **departed** from Incheon airport
+- 비행기가 아직 **출발할** 준비가 안 됐습니까? = <span class="md spoiler">Is the plane not yet ready to **depart**?</span>
-다음 버스는 저 정류장에서 **출발할** **거예요** <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-39.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The next bus will **depart** from that station</span>
+- 저는 인천공항에서 **출발했어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **departed** from Incheon airport</span>
-우리는 집에서 **출발할** **거예요** = We will **depart** from home
+- 다음 버스는 저 정류장에서 **출발할** **거예요** <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-39.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The next bus will **depart** from that station</span>
-비행기가 9시에 출발할 예정이지만 눈이 많이 와서 못 **출발할** 것 같아요 = The plane is scheduled to **depart** at 9:00, but it probably won’t because it is snowing a lot
+- 우리는 집에서 **출발할** **거예요** = <span class="md spoiler">We will **depart** from home</span>
 - 비행기가 9시에 출발할 예정이지만 눈이 많이 와서 못 **출발할** 것 같아요 = <span class="md spoiler">The plane is scheduled to **depart** at 9:00, but it probably won’t because it is snowing a lot</span>
 </Details>
@@ -322,18 +340,19 @@ Example:
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
-음료수를 마시다 = to drink a beverage
+
-술을 마시다 = to drink alcohol
+- <TTS>음료수를 마시다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to drink a beverage</span>
-들여 마시다 = to breathe in
+- <TTS>술을 마시다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to drink alcohol</span>
 - <TTS>들여 마시다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to breathe in</span>
 Example:
 저는 애기에게 우유를 **마시**라고 했어요 = I told the baby to **drink** his milk
 애기는 우유 대신에 물만 **마시**고 싶어요 = Instead of milk, the baby wants to **drink** only water
 저는 녹차를 엄마랑 같이 **마셨어요** = I **drank** green tea with my mom
 저는 친구들이랑 커피를 **마셨어요** = I **drank** coffee with my friends
 **술**을 **마셨어요**? = Were you **drinking** (alcohol)?
-뭐 **마실래요**? = Depending on the situation, this could mean “Shall we drink something?” or “What shall we drink.” 뭐 could represent a question (“what”) or something ambiguous (“something”). I talk about making this distinction in [Lesson 25](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-25/).
+- 저는 애기에게 우유를 **마시**라고 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I told the baby to **drink** his milk</span>
 - 애기는 우유 대신에 물만 **마시**고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Instead of milk, the baby wants to **drink** only water</span>
 - 저는 녹차를 엄마랑 같이 **마셨어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **drank** green tea with my mom</span>
 - 저는 친구들이랑 커피를 **마셨어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **drank** coffee with my friends</span>
 - **술**을 **마셨어요**? = <span class="md spoiler">Were you **drinking** (alcohol)?</span>
 - 뭐 **마실래요**? = Depending on the situation, this could mean “<span class="md spoiler">Shall we drink something?</span>” or “<span class="md spoiler">What shall we drink</span>.” <TTS>뭐</TTS> could represent <span class="md spoiler">a question (“what”)</span> or <span class="md spoiler">something ambiguous (“something”)</span>. I talk about making this distinction in [Lesson 25](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-25/).
 </Details>
@@ -342,15 +361,17 @@ Example:
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
-버스에서 내리다 = to get off the bus
+
-전철에서 내리다 = to get off the subway
+- <TTS>버스에서 내리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to get off the bus</span>
-내려오다 = to come down
+- <TTS>전철에서 내리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to get off the subway</span>
-내려가다 = to go down
+- <TTS>내려오다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to come down</span>
 - <TTS>내려가다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to go down</span>
 Example:
-저는 다음 정류장에서 **내릴** **거예요** = I’m going to **get off** at the next stop
+
-저는 서울역에서 **내릴** **거예요** <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-40.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will **get off** at Seoul station</span>
+- 저는 다음 정류장에서 **내릴** **거예요** = <span class="md spoiler">I’m going to **get off** at the next stop</span>
-문이 완전히 열릴 때까지 버스에서 **내리**거나 문에 기대지 마세요 = Until the door is fully/completely open, **don’t get** off the bus or lean on the door
+- 저는 서울역에서 **내릴** **거예요** <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-40.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will **get off** at Seoul station</span>
 - 문이 완전히 열릴 때까지 버스에서 **내리**거나 문에 기대지 마세요 = <span class="md spoiler">Until the door is fully/completely open, **don’t get** off the bus or lean on the door</span>
 This word appears in my [Korean Sign Explanation Video #6]
@@ -362,18 +383,24 @@ This word appears in my [Korean Sign Explanation Video #6]
 <Details>
-Common Usages: There are many different ways this word can be used
+Common Usages:
 집에서 나오다 = to come out of a house
 영화에 나오다 = to be/appear in a movie (to come out of a movie)
 펜이 안 나오다 = the pen isn’t working (ink isn’t coming out of the pen)
 회사에 나오다 = to show up for work
 말이 안 나오다 = for words to not come out (of one’s mouth)
-Notes: Aside from literally meaning “to come out” Korean people use this word to say that somebody is “in” a movie or TV show. In English, I would say “Will Smith is in Men in Black.” In Korean, they would say “Will Smith은 Men in Black에 나왔어요.”
+There are many different ways this word can be used
 - <TTS>집에서 나오다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to come out of a house</span>
 - <TTS>영화에 나오다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to be/appear in a movie (to come out of a movie)</span>
 - <TTS>펜이 안 나오다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the pen isn’t working (ink isn’t coming out of the pen)</span>
 - <TTS>회사에 나오다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to show up for work</span>
 - <TTS>말이 안 나오다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">for words to not come out (of one’s mouth)</span>
 Notes:
 Aside from literally meaning “to come out” Korean people use this word to say that somebody is <span class="md spoiler">“in” a movie or TV show</span>. In English, I would say “<span class="md spoiler">Will Smith is in Men in Black.</span>” In Korean, they would say “Will Smith은 Men in Black에 나왔어요.”
 Example:
-학생들은 교실에서 **나왔어요** = The students **came out** of the classroom
+
-결과가 아직 안 **나왔어요** = The results haven’t **come out** yet
+- 학생들은 교실에서 **나왔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">The students **came out** of the classroom</span>
 - 결과가 아직 안 **나왔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">The results haven’t **come out** yet</span>
 </Details>
@@ -381,18 +408,21 @@ Example:
 <Details>
-Common Usages: There are many different ways this word can be used
+Common Usages:
-집에서 나가다 = to go out of the house
+There are many different ways this word can be used
-몇 킬로 나가요? = How much do you weigh?
+
-시합에 나가다 = to participate in a competition
+- <TTS>집에서 나가다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to go out of the house</span>
 - <TTS>몇 킬로 나가요?</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">How much do you weigh?</span>
 - <TTS>시합에 나가다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to participate in a competition</span>
 Example:
-밖에 **나갈래요**? = Shall we **go** **out**side?
+
-밖에 **나가**기 전에 집을 청소해야 돼요! = Before I **go out**, I need to clean the house
+- 밖에 **나갈래요**? = <span class="md spoiler">Shall we **go** **out**side?</span>
-선생님들은 다 **나갔어요** = All the teachers **left** (went out)
+- 밖에 **나가**기 전에 집을 청소해야 돼요! = <span class="md spoiler">Before I **go out**, I need to clean the house</span>
-문을 열어서 밖으로 **나갔어요** = I opened the door and then <strong>went outside</strong>
+- 선생님들은 다 **나갔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">All the teachers **left** (went out)</span>
-그는 방금 나갔어요 = He just **left**
+- 문을 열어서 밖으로 **나갔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I opened the door and then <strong>went outside</strong></span>
 - 그는 방금 나갔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">He just **left**</span>
 </Details>
@@ -403,12 +433,16 @@ Example:
 쓰다 follows the ㅡ irregular
 Common Usages:
 모자를 쓰다 = to wear a hat
-Notes: The word 씌우다 is used when covering somebody’s head with something. The most common case this would come up is when holding an umbrella for somebody.
+- <TTS>모자를 쓰다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to wear a hat</span>
 Notes:
 The word 씌우다 is used when covering <span class="md spoiler">somebody’s head</span> with something. The most common case this would come up is when holding <span class="md spoiler">an umbrella for somebody</span>.
 Example:
-저의 아버지가 저 모자를 매일 써요 = My dad wears that hat every day
+
 - 저의 아버지가 저 모자를 매일 써요 = <span class="md spoiler">My dad wears that hat every day</span>
 </Details>
@@ -419,15 +453,19 @@ Example:
 모르다 follows the 르 irregular
 Common Usages:
 모르는 듯 = as if one didn’t know
 모르는 척하다 = to pretend that one doesn’t know
-Notes: Although “모르겠다” is technically the future tense of the word, it is often used in the present tense to mean “I don’t know.”
+- <TTS>모르는 듯</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">as if one didn’t know</span>
 - <TTS>모르는 척하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to pretend that one doesn’t know</span>
 Notes:
 Although “<TTS>모르겠다</TTS>” is technically the future tense of the word, it is often used in the present tense to mean “<span class="md spoiler">I don’t know.</span>”
 Example:
-우리가 언제 도착할지 **모르겠어요** = I **don’t know** when we will arrive
+
-할아버지가 여기에 계신지 **몰랐어요** = I **didn’t know** you were here, grandpa
+- 우리가 언제 도착할지 **모르겠어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **don’t know** when we will arrive</span>
-그 사람이 너의 아버지인 줄 **몰랐어요** = I **didn’t know** that person is your father
+- 할아버지가 여기에 계신지 **몰랐어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **didn’t know** you were here, grandpa</span>
 - 그 사람이 너의 아버지인 줄 **몰랐어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **didn’t know** that person is your father</span>
 </Details>
@@ -435,17 +473,19 @@ Example:
 <Details>
-The noun form of this word translates to “application”
+The noun form of this word translates to “<span class="md spoiler">application</span>”
 Common Usages:
-신청서 = application form
+
-신청마감일 = application deadline
+- <TTS>신청서</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">application form</span>
-장학금을 신청하다 = to apply for a scholarship
+- <TTS>신청마감일</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">application deadline</span>
 - <TTS>장학금을 신청하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to apply for a scholarship</span>
 Example:
-저는 교장선생님께 저의 **신청**서를 드렸어요 = I gave my **application** form to the principal
+
-인도에 가고 싶으면 비자를 **신청해**야 돼요 = You need to **apply** for a visa if you want to go to India
+- 저는 교장선생님께 저의 **신청**서를 드렸어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I gave my **application** form to the principal</span>
-연수를 받으시고 싶다면 내일까지 **신청하**시기 바랍니다 = If you want to receive the training, please **apply** by tomorrow
+- 인도에 가고 싶으면 비자를 **신청해**야 돼요 = <span class="md spoiler">You need to **apply** for a visa if you want to go to India</span>
 - 연수를 받으시고 싶다면 내일까지 **신청하**시기 바랍니다 = <span class="md spoiler">If you want to receive the training, please **apply** by tomorrow</span>
 </Details>
@@ -454,20 +494,22 @@ Example:
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
-사 주다 = to buy for somebody (the grammar for this is taught in Lesson 41)
+
-싸게 사다 = to buy something at an inexpensive price
+- <TTS>사 주다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to buy for somebody</span> (the grammar for this is taught in Lesson 41)
-비싸게 사다 = to buy something at an expensive price
+- <TTS>싸게 사다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to buy something at an inexpensive price</span>
 - <TTS>비싸게 사다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to buy something at an expensive price</span>
 Examples:
-저는 사과만 **샀어요** = I only **bought** apples
+
-저는 사과와 바나나를 **샀어요** = I **bought** apples and bananas
+- 저는 사과만 **샀어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I only **bought** apples</span>
-저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 꽃을 **샀어요** = I **bought** flowers for my girlfriend
+- 저는 사과와 바나나를 **샀어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **bought** apples and bananas</span>
-만화책을 **샀나요**? = Did you **buy** the comic book?
+- 저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 꽃을 **샀어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **bought** flowers for my girlfriend</span>
-무엇을 **샀어요**? = What did you **buy**?
+- 만화책을 **샀나요**? = <span class="md spoiler">Did you **buy** the comic book?</span>
-치마를 몇 개 **샀어요**? = How many skirts did you **buy**?
+- 무엇을 **샀어요**? = <span class="md spoiler">What did you **buy**?</span>
-그것을 **사**는 것은 돈 낭비일 뿐이에요 = **Buying** that is just a waste of money
+- 치마를 몇 개 **샀어요**? = <span class="md spoiler">How many skirts did you **buy**?</span>
-교감선생님은 선생님들을 위해 식사를 **살 거예요** = The vice principal will **buy** a meal for all the teachers
+- 그것을 **사**는 것은 돈 낭비일 뿐이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">**Buying** that is just a waste of money</span>
-할인을 얼마나 해 줄지 상관없이 저는 그것을 안 **살 거예요**= It doesn’t matter how much of a discount you give me, I’m not going to **buy** it
+- 교감선생님은 선생님들을 위해 식사를 **살 거예요** = <span class="md spoiler">The vice principal will **buy** a meal for all the teachers</span>
 - 할인을 얼마나 해 줄지 상관없이 저는 그것을 안 **살 거예요** = <span class="md spoiler">It doesn’t matter how much of a discount you give me, I’m not going to **buy** it</span>
 </Details>
@@ -478,17 +520,19 @@ Examples:
 팔다 follows the ㄹ irregular
 Common Usages:
-양심을 팔다 = to go against one’s conscience (“to sell one’s conscience” or “to sell one’s soul”)
+
 - <TTS>양심을 팔다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to go against one’s conscience</span> (“<span class="md spoiler">to sell one’s conscience</span>” or “<span class="md spoiler">to sell one’s soul</span>”)
 Examples:
-우리는 밥과 빵을 팔아요 = We sell rice and bread
+
-저는 내일 시장에서 사과를 팔 거예요 = I will sell apples at the market tomorrow
+- 우리는 밥과 빵을 **팔아요** = <span class="md spoiler">We **sell** rice and bread</span>
-이 가게는 싼 음식을 팔아요 = this store sells cheap/inexpensive food
+- 저는 내일 시장에서 사과를 **팔** 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I will **sell** apples at the market tomorrow</span>
-우리 아버지는 예전에 옷을 팔았어요 = Our dad sold clothes in the past
+- 이 가게는 싼 음식을 **팔아요** = <span class="md spoiler">this store **sells** cheap/inexpensive food</span>
-저는 저의 오래된 핸드폰을 팔았어요 = I sold my old phone
+- 우리 아버지는 예전에 옷을 **팔았어요** = <span class="md spoiler">Our dad **sold** clothes in the past</span>
-그는 자기 차를 팔고 후회했어요 = He regrets selling his car
+- 저는 저의 오래된 핸드폰을 **팔았어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **sold** my old phone</span>
-이 제품을 소매로 팔았을 때 돈을 많이 못 벌어서 지금부터 도매로 팔 거예요
+- 그는 자기 차를 **팔**고 후회했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">He regrets **selling** his car</span>
-= When I sold this product through retail, I didn’t make any money so from now on I’m going to start selling it through wholesale
+- 이 제품을 소매로 **팔았**을 때 돈을 많이 못 벌어서 지금부터 도매로 **팔** 거예요
  - <span class="md spoiler">When I **sold** this product through retail, I didn’t make any money so from now on I’m going to start **selling** it through wholesale</span>
 </Details>