diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/12-more-particles.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/12-more-particles.md index 597d05a..f9c5fb7 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/12-more-particles.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/12-more-particles.md @@ -224,18 +224,25 @@ Example: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “속싸기다” Example: -저는 그녀의 귀에 **속삭였어요** = I **whispered** into her ear -복습하다 = to review, to re-study +- 저는 그녀의 귀에 **속삭였어요** = I **whispered** into her ear + + + +복습하다 = to review, to re-study + +
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “복쓰파다” Common Usages: -복습수업 = review class + +- 복습수업 = review class Example: -저는 그것을 처음부터 끝까지 **복습했어요** = I **reviewed** that from start to finish -시험을 보기 전 날에 내용을 **복습해**야 돼요 = I need to **review** the content on the day before the exam + +- 저는 그것을 처음부터 끝까지 **복습했어요** = I **reviewed** that from start to finish +- 시험을 보기 전 날에 내용을 **복습해**야 돼요 = I need to **review** the content on the day before the exam
@@ -244,14 +251,16 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -자리를 바꾸다 = to change places/seats + +- 자리를 바꾸다 = to change places/seats Example: -우리는 계획을 **바꿔**야 돼요 = We have to **change** our plans -저는 내일의 예정을 **바꿨어요** = I **changed** tomorrow’s schedule -비가 온 다음 날에 하늘은 보라색으로 **바꿨어요** = The sky **turned** purple the day after the rain -새로운 핸드폰을 사고 전화번호를 **바꿨어요** = After buying a new phone, I **changed** my phone number -그 식당은 메뉴를 **바꿨어요** = That restaurant **changed** its menu + +- 우리는 계획을 **바꿔**야 돼요 = We have to **change** our plans +- 저는 내일의 예정을 **바꿨어요** = I **changed** tomorrow’s schedule +- 비가 온 다음 날에 하늘은 보라색으로 **바꿨어요** = The sky **turned** purple the day after the rain +- 새로운 핸드폰을 사고 전화번호를 **바꿨어요** = After buying a new phone, I **changed** my phone number +- 그 식당은 메뉴를 **바꿨어요** = That restaurant **changed** its menu
@@ -260,8 +269,9 @@ Example:
Example: -저는 캐나다에서 **유학했어요** = I **studied abroad** in Canada -영어를 할 수 없으면 **유학**을 갈 수 없어요 = If you can’t speak English, you can’t **study abroad** + +- 저는 캐나다에서 **유학했어요** = I **studied abroad** in Canada +- 영어를 할 수 없으면 **유학**을 갈 수 없어요 = If you can’t speak English, you can’t **study abroad**
@@ -270,13 +280,15 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -넘어질 뻔하다 = to almost fall + +- 넘어질 뻔하다 = to almost fall Example: -길이 미끄러워서 저는 **넘어졌어요** = I **fell over** because the road is slippery -네가 **넘어질** 것처럼 보였어 = It looked like you were going to fall -늙은 아주머니는 **넘어졌어요** = The old lady fell over -만약 엄마의 손을 안 잡았더라면 **넘어졌을 거예요** = If I didn’t grab mom’s hand, I would have **fallen** + +- 길이 미끄러워서 저는 **넘어졌어요** = I **fell over** because the road is slippery +- 네가 **넘어질** 것처럼 보였어 = It looked like you were going to fall +- 늙은 아주머니는 **넘어졌어요** = The old lady fell over +- 만약 엄마의 손을 안 잡았더라면 **넘어졌을 거예요** = If I didn’t grab mom’s hand, I would have **fallen**
@@ -285,13 +297,17 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -독서실 = reading room -Notes: This word less common and more difficult than “읽다.” When using 독서하다, within the meaning of the verb is that one is reading a book. You don’t need to include the object “책” if using this verb. It is common in its noun form “독서” to refer to the noun of reading a book. +- 독서실 = reading room + +Notes: + +This word less common and more difficult than “읽다.” When using 독서하다, within the meaning of the verb is that one is reading a book. You don’t need to include the object “책” if using this verb. It is common in its noun form “독서” to refer to the noun of reading a book. Example: -심심할 때 독서를 하는 것이 좋아요 = When bored, **reading books** is good -내일 공부하러 **독서**실에 갈래요? = Shall we go to the **reading** room tomorrow to study? + +- 심심할 때 독서를 하는 것이 좋아요 = When bored, **reading books** is good +- 내일 공부하러 **독서**실에 갈래요? = Shall we go to the **reading** room tomorrow to study?
@@ -299,21 +315,23 @@ Example:
-The noun form of this word translates to “departure” +The noun form of this word translates to “departure” Common Usages: -출발 시간 = the time of departure -출발역 = the first (departing) station -출발점 = the point of departure -출발지 = the point of departure (usually used when filling out a customs form upon arrival in a new country) + +- 출발 시간 = the time of departure +- 출발역 = the first (departing) station +- 출발점 = the point of departure +- 출발지 = the point of departure (usually used when filling out a customs form upon arrival in a new country) Example: -우리는 언제 **출발할** **거예요** **?** = When are we going to **leave/depart**? -비행기가 아직 **출발할** 준비가 안 됐습니까? = Is the plane not yet ready to **depart**? -저는 인천공항에서 **출발했어요** = I **departed** from Incheon airport -다음 버스는 저 정류장에서 **출발할** **거예요** = The next bus will **depart** from that station -우리는 집에서 **출발할** **거예요** = We will **depart** from home -비행기가 9시에 출발할 예정이지만 눈이 많이 와서 못 **출발할** 것 같아요 = The plane is scheduled to **depart** at 9:00, but it probably won’t because it is snowing a lot + +- 우리는 언제 **출발할** **거예요** **?** = When are we going to **leave/depart**? +- 비행기가 아직 **출발할** 준비가 안 됐습니까? = Is the plane not yet ready to **depart**? +- 저는 인천공항에서 **출발했어요** = I **departed** from Incheon airport +- 다음 버스는 저 정류장에서 **출발할** **거예요** = The next bus will **depart** from that station +- 우리는 집에서 **출발할** **거예요** = We will **depart** from home +- 비행기가 9시에 출발할 예정이지만 눈이 많이 와서 못 **출발할** 것 같아요 = The plane is scheduled to **depart** at 9:00, but it probably won’t because it is snowing a lot
@@ -322,18 +340,19 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -음료수를 마시다 = to drink a beverage -술을 마시다 = to drink alcohol -들여 마시다 = to breathe in + +- 음료수를 마시다 = to drink a beverage +- 술을 마시다 = to drink alcohol +- 들여 마시다 = to breathe in Example: -저는 애기에게 우유를 **마시**라고 했어요 = I told the baby to **drink** his milk -애기는 우유 대신에 물만 **마시**고 싶어요 = Instead of milk, the baby wants to **drink** only water -저는 녹차를 엄마랑 같이 **마셨어요** = I **drank** green tea with my mom -저는 친구들이랑 커피를 **마셨어요** = I **drank** coffee with my friends -**술**을 **마셨어요**? = Were you **drinking** (alcohol)? -뭐 **마실래요**? = Depending on the situation, this could mean “Shall we drink something?” or “What shall we drink.” 뭐 could represent a question (“what”) or something ambiguous (“something”). I talk about making this distinction in [Lesson 25](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-25/). +- 저는 애기에게 우유를 **마시**라고 했어요 = I told the baby to **drink** his milk +- 애기는 우유 대신에 물만 **마시**고 싶어요 = Instead of milk, the baby wants to **drink** only water +- 저는 녹차를 엄마랑 같이 **마셨어요** = I **drank** green tea with my mom +- 저는 친구들이랑 커피를 **마셨어요** = I **drank** coffee with my friends +- **술**을 **마셨어요**? = Were you **drinking** (alcohol)? +- 뭐 **마실래요**? = Depending on the situation, this could mean “Shall we drink something?” or “What shall we drink.” 뭐 could represent a question (“what”) or something ambiguous (“something”). I talk about making this distinction in [Lesson 25](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-25/).
@@ -342,15 +361,17 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -버스에서 내리다 = to get off the bus -전철에서 내리다 = to get off the subway -내려오다 = to come down -내려가다 = to go down + +- 버스에서 내리다 = to get off the bus +- 전철에서 내리다 = to get off the subway +- 내려오다 = to come down +- 내려가다 = to go down Example: -저는 다음 정류장에서 **내릴** **거예요** = I’m going to **get off** at the next stop -저는 서울역에서 **내릴** **거예요** = I will **get off** at Seoul station -문이 완전히 열릴 때까지 버스에서 **내리**거나 문에 기대지 마세요 = Until the door is fully/completely open, **don’t get** off the bus or lean on the door + +- 저는 다음 정류장에서 **내릴** **거예요** = I’m going to **get off** at the next stop +- 저는 서울역에서 **내릴** **거예요** = I will **get off** at Seoul station +- 문이 완전히 열릴 때까지 버스에서 **내리**거나 문에 기대지 마세요 = Until the door is fully/completely open, **don’t get** off the bus or lean on the door This word appears in my [Korean Sign Explanation Video #6] @@ -362,18 +383,24 @@ This word appears in my [Korean Sign Explanation Video #6]
-Common Usages: There are many different ways this word can be used -집에서 나오다 = to come out of a house -영화에 나오다 = to be/appear in a movie (to come out of a movie) -펜이 안 나오다 = the pen isn’t working (ink isn’t coming out of the pen) -회사에 나오다 = to show up for work -말이 안 나오다 = for words to not come out (of one’s mouth) +Common Usages: -Notes: Aside from literally meaning “to come out” Korean people use this word to say that somebody is “in” a movie or TV show. In English, I would say “Will Smith is in Men in Black.” In Korean, they would say “Will Smith은 Men in Black에 나왔어요.” +There are many different ways this word can be used + +- 집에서 나오다 = to come out of a house +- 영화에 나오다 = to be/appear in a movie (to come out of a movie) +- 펜이 안 나오다 = the pen isn’t working (ink isn’t coming out of the pen) +- 회사에 나오다 = to show up for work +- 말이 안 나오다 = for words to not come out (of one’s mouth) + +Notes: + +Aside from literally meaning “to come out” Korean people use this word to say that somebody is “in” a movie or TV show. In English, I would say “Will Smith is in Men in Black.” In Korean, they would say “Will Smith은 Men in Black에 나왔어요.” Example: -학생들은 교실에서 **나왔어요** = The students **came out** of the classroom -결과가 아직 안 **나왔어요** = The results haven’t **come out** yet + +- 학생들은 교실에서 **나왔어요** = The students **came out** of the classroom +- 결과가 아직 안 **나왔어요** = The results haven’t **come out** yet
@@ -381,18 +408,21 @@ Example:
-Common Usages: There are many different ways this word can be used +Common Usages: -집에서 나가다 = to go out of the house -몇 킬로 나가요? = How much do you weigh? -시합에 나가다 = to participate in a competition +There are many different ways this word can be used + +- 집에서 나가다 = to go out of the house +- 몇 킬로 나가요? = How much do you weigh? +- 시합에 나가다 = to participate in a competition Example: -밖에 **나갈래요**? = Shall we **go** **out**side? -밖에 **나가**기 전에 집을 청소해야 돼요! = Before I **go out**, I need to clean the house -선생님들은 다 **나갔어요** = All the teachers **left** (went out) -문을 열어서 밖으로 **나갔어요** = I opened the door and then went outside -그는 방금 나갔어요 = He just **left** + +- 밖에 **나갈래요**? = Shall we **go** **out**side? +- 밖에 **나가**기 전에 집을 청소해야 돼요! = Before I **go out**, I need to clean the house +- 선생님들은 다 **나갔어요** = All the teachers **left** (went out) +- 문을 열어서 밖으로 **나갔어요** = I opened the door and then went outside +- 그는 방금 나갔어요 = He just **left**
@@ -403,12 +433,16 @@ Example: 쓰다 follows the ㅡ irregular Common Usages: -모자를 쓰다 = to wear a hat -Notes: The word 씌우다 is used when covering somebody’s head with something. The most common case this would come up is when holding an umbrella for somebody. +- 모자를 쓰다 = to wear a hat + +Notes: + +The word 씌우다 is used when covering somebody’s head with something. The most common case this would come up is when holding an umbrella for somebody. Example: -저의 아버지가 저 모자를 매일 써요 = My dad wears that hat every day + +- 저의 아버지가 저 모자를 매일 써요 = My dad wears that hat every day
@@ -419,15 +453,19 @@ Example: 모르다 follows the 르 irregular Common Usages: -모르는 듯 = as if one didn’t know -모르는 척하다 = to pretend that one doesn’t know -Notes: Although “모르겠다” is technically the future tense of the word, it is often used in the present tense to mean “I don’t know.” +- 모르는 듯 = as if one didn’t know +- 모르는 척하다 = to pretend that one doesn’t know + +Notes: + +Although “모르겠다” is technically the future tense of the word, it is often used in the present tense to mean “I don’t know.” Example: -우리가 언제 도착할지 **모르겠어요** = I **don’t know** when we will arrive -할아버지가 여기에 계신지 **몰랐어요** = I **didn’t know** you were here, grandpa -그 사람이 너의 아버지인 줄 **몰랐어요** = I **didn’t know** that person is your father + +- 우리가 언제 도착할지 **모르겠어요** = I **don’t know** when we will arrive +- 할아버지가 여기에 계신지 **몰랐어요** = I **didn’t know** you were here, grandpa +- 그 사람이 너의 아버지인 줄 **몰랐어요** = I **didn’t know** that person is your father @@ -435,17 +473,19 @@ Example:
-The noun form of this word translates to “application” +The noun form of this word translates to “application” Common Usages: -신청서 = application form -신청마감일 = application deadline -장학금을 신청하다 = to apply for a scholarship + +- 신청서 = application form +- 신청마감일 = application deadline +- 장학금을 신청하다 = to apply for a scholarship Example: -저는 교장선생님께 저의 **신청**서를 드렸어요 = I gave my **application** form to the principal -인도에 가고 싶으면 비자를 **신청해**야 돼요 = You need to **apply** for a visa if you want to go to India -연수를 받으시고 싶다면 내일까지 **신청하**시기 바랍니다 = If you want to receive the training, please **apply** by tomorrow + +- 저는 교장선생님께 저의 **신청**서를 드렸어요 = I gave my **application** form to the principal +- 인도에 가고 싶으면 비자를 **신청해**야 돼요 = You need to **apply** for a visa if you want to go to India +- 연수를 받으시고 싶다면 내일까지 **신청하**시기 바랍니다 = If you want to receive the training, please **apply** by tomorrow
@@ -454,20 +494,22 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -사 주다 = to buy for somebody (the grammar for this is taught in Lesson 41) -싸게 사다 = to buy something at an inexpensive price -비싸게 사다 = to buy something at an expensive price + +- 사 주다 = to buy for somebody (the grammar for this is taught in Lesson 41) +- 싸게 사다 = to buy something at an inexpensive price +- 비싸게 사다 = to buy something at an expensive price Examples: -저는 사과만 **샀어요** = I only **bought** apples -저는 사과와 바나나를 **샀어요** = I **bought** apples and bananas -저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 꽃을 **샀어요** = I **bought** flowers for my girlfriend -만화책을 **샀나요**? = Did you **buy** the comic book? -무엇을 **샀어요**? = What did you **buy**? -치마를 몇 개 **샀어요**? = How many skirts did you **buy**? -그것을 **사**는 것은 돈 낭비일 뿐이에요 = **Buying** that is just a waste of money -교감선생님은 선생님들을 위해 식사를 **살 거예요** = The vice principal will **buy** a meal for all the teachers -할인을 얼마나 해 줄지 상관없이 저는 그것을 안 **살 거예요**= It doesn’t matter how much of a discount you give me, I’m not going to **buy** it + +- 저는 사과만 **샀어요** = I only **bought** apples +- 저는 사과와 바나나를 **샀어요** = I **bought** apples and bananas +- 저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 꽃을 **샀어요** = I **bought** flowers for my girlfriend +- 만화책을 **샀나요**? = Did you **buy** the comic book? +- 무엇을 **샀어요**? = What did you **buy**? +- 치마를 몇 개 **샀어요**? = How many skirts did you **buy**? +- 그것을 **사**는 것은 돈 낭비일 뿐이에요 = **Buying** that is just a waste of money +- 교감선생님은 선생님들을 위해 식사를 **살 거예요** = The vice principal will **buy** a meal for all the teachers +- 할인을 얼마나 해 줄지 상관없이 저는 그것을 안 **살 거예요** = It doesn’t matter how much of a discount you give me, I’m not going to **buy** it
@@ -478,17 +520,19 @@ Examples: 팔다 follows the ㄹ irregular Common Usages: -양심을 팔다 = to go against one’s conscience (“to sell one’s conscience” or “to sell one’s soul”) + +- 양심을 팔다 = to go against one’s conscience (“to sell one’s conscience” or “to sell one’s soul”) Examples: -우리는 밥과 빵을 팔아요 = We sell rice and bread -저는 내일 시장에서 사과를 팔 거예요 = I will sell apples at the market tomorrow -이 가게는 싼 음식을 팔아요 = this store sells cheap/inexpensive food -우리 아버지는 예전에 옷을 팔았어요 = Our dad sold clothes in the past -저는 저의 오래된 핸드폰을 팔았어요 = I sold my old phone -그는 자기 차를 팔고 후회했어요 = He regrets selling his car -이 제품을 소매로 팔았을 때 돈을 많이 못 벌어서 지금부터 도매로 팔 거예요 -= When I sold this product through retail, I didn’t make any money so from now on I’m going to start selling it through wholesale + +- 우리는 밥과 빵을 **팔아요** = We **sell** rice and bread +- 저는 내일 시장에서 사과를 **팔** 거예요 = I will **sell** apples at the market tomorrow +- 이 가게는 싼 음식을 **팔아요** = this store **sells** cheap/inexpensive food +- 우리 아버지는 예전에 옷을 **팔았어요** = Our dad **sold** clothes in the past +- 저는 저의 오래된 핸드폰을 **팔았어요** = I **sold** my old phone +- 그는 자기 차를 **팔**고 후회했어요 = He regrets **selling** his car +- 이 제품을 소매로 **팔았**을 때 돈을 많이 못 벌어서 지금부터 도매로 **팔** 거예요 + - When I **sold** this product through retail, I didn’t make any money so from now on I’m going to start **selling** it through wholesale