lesson 15 nouns

2026-05-29 06:25:34 +02:00
1 parent 09c0f311fc
commit cb89942991
@@ -9,18 +9,22 @@
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
 늦잠 자다 = to sleep in
 낮잠 자다 = to take a nap
 잠이 들다 = to fall asleep
 잠에서 깨다 = to be woken up from sleep
 겨울잠 = hibernation
-Notes: If you are just talking about sleeping, simply using the verb “자다” is usually appropriate. However, things related to sleep (sleeping in, waking up, falling asleep) usually use the word 잠
+- <TTS>늦잠 자다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to sleep in</span>
 - <TTS>낮잠 자다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to take a nap</span>
 - <TTS>잠이 들다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to fall asleep</span>
 - <TTS>잠에서 깨다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to be woken up from sleep</span>
 - <TTS>겨울잠</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">hibernation</span>
 Notes:
 If you are just talking about sleeping, simply using the verb “<TTS>자다</TTS>” is usually appropriate. However, things related to sleep (sleeping in, waking up, falling asleep) usually use the word <TTS>잠</TTS>
 Examples:
-저는 항상 일요일에 늦**잠** 자요 = I always **sleep** in on Sundays
+
-저는 오늘 오후에 낮**잠**을 잤어요 = I took a **nap** in the afternoon today
+- 저는 항상 일요일에 늦**잠** 자요 = <span class="md spoiler">I always **sleep** in on Sundays</span>
-저는 **잠**이 안 들어요 = I can’t fall a**sleep**
+- 저는 오늘 오후에 낮**잠**을 잤어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I took a **nap** in the afternoon today</span>
 - 저는 **잠**이 안 들어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I can’t fall a**sleep**</span>
 </Details>
@@ -29,13 +33,15 @@ Examples:
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
-모자를 쓰다 = to wear a hat
+
 - <TTS>모자를 쓰다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to wear a hat</span>
 Examples:
-우리 학교에서 **모자**를 쓰지 마세요 = Don’t wear a **hat** in our school
+
-저의 아버지는 **모자**를 항상 써요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/53.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My father always wears a <strong>hat</strong></span>
+- 우리 학교에서 **모자**를 쓰지 마세요 = <span class="md spoiler">Don’t wear a **hat** in our school</span>
-저는 저의 **모자**를 가져갈 거예요 = I will bring my <strong>hat</strong>
+- 저의 아버지는 **모자**를 항상 써요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/53.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My father always wears a <strong>hat</strong></span>
-그 사람은 너무 큰 **모자**를 써요 (쓰다) = That person is wearing too big of a **hat**
+- 저는 저의 **모자**를 가져갈 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I will bring my <strong>hat</strong></span>
 - 그 사람은 너무 큰 **모자**를 써요 (쓰다) = <span class="md spoiler">That person is wearing too big of a **hat**</span>
 </Details>
@@ -44,12 +50,14 @@ Examples:
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
-줄넘기 jump rope
+
-줄에 서 있다 = to be standing in line
+- <TTS>줄넘기</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">jump rope</span>
 - <TTS>줄에 서 있다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to be standing in line</span>
 Examples:
-**줄**이 왜 이렇게 길어요? = Why is the **line** so big?
+
-나는 **줄**에 걸렸어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/55.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I tripped over the **line**</span>
+- **줄**이 왜 이렇게 길어요? = <span class="md spoiler">Why is the **line** so big?</span>
 - 나는 **줄**에 걸렸어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/55.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I tripped over the **line**</span>
 </Details>
@@ -58,12 +66,14 @@ Examples:
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
-감기에 걸리다 = to catch a cold
+
 - <TTS>감기에 걸리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to catch a cold</span>
 Examples:
-**감기**는 나았어요 = My **cold** is better
+
-따뜻하게 안 입으면 **감기**에 걸릴 거예요 = If you don’t dress warm(ly), you will catch a <strong>cold</strong>
+- **감기**는 나았어요 = <span class="md spoiler">My **cold** is better</span>
-우리 애기는 어제 **감기**에 걸렸어요 = Our baby caught a **cold** yesterday
+- 따뜻하게 안 입으면 **감기**에 걸릴 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">If you don’t dress warm(ly), you will catch a <strong>cold</strong></span>
 - 우리 애기는 어제 **감기**에 걸렸어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Our baby caught a **cold** yesterday</span>
 </Details>
@@ -72,11 +82,13 @@ Examples:
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
-기침을 하다 = to cough
+
 - <TTS>기침을 하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to cough</span>
 Examples:
-그는 심하게 **기침**을 했어요 = He was **coughing** severely
+
-저의 아들은 시끄럽게 **기침**했어요 = My son was **coughing** loudly
+- 그는 심하게 **기침**을 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">He was **coughing** severely</span>
 - 저의 아들은 시끄럽게 **기침**했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">My son was **coughing** loudly</span>
 </Details>
@@ -87,11 +99,13 @@ Examples:
 The pronunciation of this word is closer to “설싸”
 Common Usages:
-설사를 하다 = to have diarrhea
+
 - <TTS>설사를 하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to have diarrhea</span>
 Example:
-**설사**는 맛있어요 = **Diarrhea** is delicious
+
-**설사**를 하는 것은 재미있어요 = Having **diarrhea** is fun
+- **설사**는 맛있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">**Diarrhea** is delicious</span>
 - **설사**를 하는 것은 재미있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Having **diarrhea** is fun</span>
 </Details>
@@ -100,10 +114,12 @@ Example:
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
-독감에 걸리다 = to catch/have the flu
+
 - <TTS>독감에 걸리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to catch/have the flu</span>
 Example:
-모든 학생들은 **독감**에 걸렸어요 = All the students have the **flu**
+
 - 모든 학생들은 **독감**에 걸렸어요 = <span class="md spoiler">All the students have the **flu**</span>
 </Details>
@@ -112,11 +128,13 @@ Example:
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
-재채기를 하다 = to sneeze
+
-재채기를 참다 = to hold a sneeze
+- <TTS>재채기를 하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to sneeze</span>
 - <TTS>재채기를 참다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to hold a sneeze</span>
 Example:
-나이가 많은 사람들은 항상 **재채기**를 시끄럽게 해요 = Old people always **sneeze** loudly
+
 - 나이가 많은 사람들은 항상 **재채기**를 시끄럽게 해요 = <span class="md spoiler">Old people always **sneeze** loudly</span>
 </Details>
@@ -124,11 +142,14 @@ Example:
 <Details>
-Notes: It’s hard to explain exactly what this is in English – but Korean high school students are usually forced to join a club at school. These clubs are called “동아리”
+Notes:
 It’s hard to explain exactly what this is in English – but Korean high school students are usually forced to join a club at school. These clubs are called “동아리”
 Example:
-저는 댄스 **동아리**에 들었어요 = I entered a dancing <strong>club</strong>
+
-무슨 동아리 해? = What club are you in?
+- 저는 댄스 **동아리**에 들었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I entered a dancing <strong>club</strong></span>
 - 무슨 **동아리** 해? = <span class="md spoiler">What **club** are you in?</span>
 </Details>
@@ -137,11 +158,13 @@ Example:
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
-취미 삼아…. 하다 = to do something as a hobby
+
 - 취미 삼아…. 하다 = <span class="md spoiler">to do something as a hobby</span>
 Example:
-**취미**가 뭐예요? = What are(is) your **hobbies**?
+
-저는 **취미**가 없어요 = I don’t have any **hobbies**
+- **취미**가 뭐예요? = <span class="md spoiler">What are(is) your **hobbies**?</span>
 - 저는 **취미**가 없어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t have any **hobbies**</span>
 </Details>
@@ -150,14 +173,16 @@ Example:
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
-수학수업 = math class
+
-수학문제 = math problem
+- <TTS>수학수업</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">math class</span>
-수학 교과서 = math text book
+- <TTS>수학문제</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">math problem</span>
 - <TTS>수학 교과서</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">math text book</span>
 Examples:
-저는 **수학**을 못해요 = I am bad at <strong>math</strong>
+
-저는 그 **수학**문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 = I **solved** that **math** problem using a paper and a pencil
+- 저는 **수학**을 못해요 = <span class="md spoiler">I am bad at <strong>math</strong></span>
-**수학**은 제가 제일 좋아하는 수업이에요 = **Math** is my favorite class
+- 저는 그 **수학**문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I solved that **math** problem using a paper and a pencil</span>
 - **수학**은 제가 제일 좋아하는 수업이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">**Math** is my favorite class</span>
 </Details>
@@ -166,16 +191,18 @@ Examples:
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
-우리 가족 = our family
+
-가족용 = something intended for use for families
+- <TTS>우리 가족</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">our family</span>
-대가족 = big family
+- <TTS>가족용</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">something intended for use for families</span>
 - <TTS>대가족</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">big family</span>
 Examples:
-저는 어제 **가족**을 만났어요 = I met my **family** yesterday
+
-우리 **가족**은 일요일마다 교회를 다녀요 = Our **family** goes to church every Sunday
+- 저는 어제 **가족**을 만났어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I met my **family** yesterday</span>
-**가족**은 가장 중요해요 = Family is the most <strong>important</strong>
+- 우리 **가족**은 일요일마다 교회를 다녀요 = <span class="md spoiler">Our **family** goes to church every Sunday</span>
-제가 미국에 있었을 때 **가족**을 보고 싶었어요 = When I was in the US, I missed my <strong>family</strong>
+- **가족**은 가장 중요해요 = <span class="md spoiler">Family is the most <strong>important</strong></span>
-저는 여자친구를 **가족**한테 소개했어요 = I introduced my girlfriend to my **family**
+- 제가 미국에 있었을 때 **가족**을 보고 싶었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">When I was in the US, I missed my <strong>family</strong></span>
 - 저는 여자친구를 **가족**한테 소개했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I introduced my girlfriend to my **family**</span>
 </Details>
@@ -184,16 +211,18 @@ Examples:
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
-영어실력 = English ability
+
-한국어실력 Korean ability
+- <TTS>영어실력</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">English ability</span>
-실력을 늘리다 = to increase one’s ability
+- <TTS>한국어실력</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Korean ability</span>
-실력이 늘다 = for one’s ability to be increased
+- <TTS>실력을 늘리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to increase one’s ability</span>
-실력이 떨어지다 = for one’s skills to go down
+- <TTS>실력이 늘다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">for one’s ability to be increased</span>
 - <TTS>실력이 떨어지다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">for one’s skills to go down</span>
 Example:
-그 학생은 또래보다 영어**실력**이 뒤처지고 있어요 = That student is falling behind his peers in English <strong>ability</strong>
+
-저의 한국어**실력**은 작년보다 많이 늘었어요 = My Korean **skills** have gotten much better compared to last year
+- 그 학생은 또래보다 영어**실력**이 뒤처지고 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">That student is falling behind his peers in English <strong>ability</strong></span>
-열심히 공부한 이래로 **실력**은 빨리 늘었어요 = Since studying hard, my **skills** have been increasing
+- 저의 한국어**실력**은 작년보다 많이 늘었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">My Korean **skills** have gotten much better compared to last year</span>
 - 열심히 공부한 이래로 **실력**은 빨리 늘었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Since studying hard, my **skills** have been increasing</span>
 </Details>
@@ -201,10 +230,13 @@ Example:
 <Details>
-Notes: “사” represents that your cousins are four measures of “blood” away from you. Your uncles are one step closer, and therefore “삼” is used in the word “삼촌”
+Notes:
 “사” represents that your cousins are four measures of “blood” away from you. Your uncles are one step closer, and therefore “삼” is used in the word “삼촌”
 Example:
-저의 **사촌**은 군대에 갔어요 = My **cousin** went to the army
+
 - 저의 **사촌**은 군대에 갔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">My **cousin** went to the army</span>
 </Details>
@@ -215,12 +247,14 @@ Example:
 The pronunciation of this word is closer to “삼”
 Common Usages:
-~삶을 살다 = to live a life of~
+
-삶의 의미 = the meaning of life
+- ~삶을 살다 = <span class="md spoiler">to live a life of~</span>
 - <TTS>삶의 의미</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the meaning of life</span>
 Examples:
-그는 흥미로운 **삶**을 살아요 = He lives an interesting <strong>life</strong>
+
-그는 어려운 **삶**을 경험했어요 = He experienced a difficult **life**
+- 그는 흥미로운 **삶**을 살아요 = <span class="md spoiler">He lives an interesting <strong>life</strong></span>
 - 그는 어려운 **삶**을 경험했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">He experienced a difficult **life**</span>
 </Details>
@@ -231,15 +265,17 @@ Examples:
 The pronunciation of this word is closer to “맥쭈”
 Common Usages:
-맥주 두 병 = two bottles of beer
+
-맥주 두 잔 = two glasses of beer
+- <TTS>맥주 두 병</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">two bottles of beer</span>
-생맥주 = tap beer
+- <TTS>맥주 두 잔</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">two glasses of beer</span>
 - <TTS>생맥주</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">tap beer</span>
 Example:
-**맥주** 한 병 주세요! = One bottle of **beer**, please!
+
-한국 사람들은 **맥주**를 자주 마시지 않아요 = Korean people don’t drink **beer** often
+- **맥주** 한 병 주세요! = <span class="md spoiler">One bottle of **beer**, please!</span>
-아저씨! **맥주** 한 잔 주세요! = Sir! Give me one glass of **beer** please!
+- 한국 사람들은 **맥주**를 자주 마시지 않아요 = <span class="md spoiler">Korean people don’t drink **beer** often</span>
-**맥주**가 싫어요 = I don’t like **beer**
+- 아저씨! **맥주** 한 잔 주세요! = <span class="md spoiler">Sir! Give me one glass of **beer** please!</span>
 - **맥주**가 싫어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t like **beer**</span>
 </Details>
@@ -247,11 +283,15 @@ Example:
 <Details>
-Notes: This can be used as an adverb to indicate something happened in the past. For example:
+Notes:
-저는 과거에 그런 행동을 많이 했어요 = I acted like that a lot in the past
+
 This can be used as an adverb to indicate something happened in the past. For example:
 - 저는 **과거**에 그런 행동을 많이 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I acted like that a lot in the **past**</span>
 It can also be used as a noun, for example:
-그의 **과거**는 큰 비밀이에요 = His **past** is a big secret
+
 - 그의 **과거**는 큰 비밀이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">His **past** is a big secret</span>
 </Details>
@@ -260,16 +300,18 @@ It can also be used as a noun, for example:
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
-마음 대로 = as one wishes
+
-마음에 들다 = to like something (literally, for something to go into one’s heart)
+- <TTS>마음 대로</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">as one wishes</span>
-마음이 변하다 = to change one’s mind
+- <TTS>마음에 들다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to like something (literally, for something to go into one’s heart)</span>
-마음에 걸리다 = to feel guilty about something (for something to be caught in one’s heart)
+- <TTS>마음이 변하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to change one’s mind</span>
-마음을 정하다 = to make up one’s mind
+- <TTS>마음에 걸리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to feel guilty about something (for something to be caught in one’s heart)</span>
 - <TTS>마음을 정하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to make up one’s mind</span>
 Examples:
-그 사람의 **마음**은 따뜻해요 = That person has a warm <strong>heart</strong>
+
-그것을 **마음** **대로** 하세요 = Do that <strong>as you wish</strong>
+- 그 사람의 **마음**은 따뜻해요 = <span class="md spoiler">That person has a warm <strong>heart</strong></span>
-저는 저 그림이 **마음에 들어요** = I **like** that picture
+- 그것을 **마음** **대로** 하세요 = <span class="md spoiler">Do that <strong>as you wish</strong></span>
 - 저는 저 그림이 **마음에 들어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **like** that picture</span>
 </Details>
@@ -277,18 +319,22 @@ Examples:
 <Details>
-Notes: This word isn’t used to refer to a picture that one takes with a camera. Use “사진” for that word.
+Notes:
 This word isn’t used to refer to a picture that one takes with a camera. Use “<TTS>사진</TTS>” for that word.
 Common Usages:
-그림을 그리다 = to draw a picture
+
-그림자 = shadow
+- <TTS>그림을 그리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to draw a picture</span>
 - <TTS>그림자</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">shadow</span>
 Examples:
-**그림**은 벽에 걸려 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/54.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The **picture** is hanging on the wall</span>
+
-저는 그 **그림**이 마음에 들어요 = I like that **picture**
+- **그림**은 벽에 걸려 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/54.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The **picture** is hanging on the wall</span>
-**그** 그림은 높은 가치가 있어요 = That **picture** has a high value
+- 저는 그 **그림**이 마음에 들어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I like that **picture**</span>
-그 학생은 그림을 잘 그리는 재능을 가지고 있어요 = That student has a talent for drawing (**pictures**)
+- **그** 그림은 높은 가치가 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">That **picture** has a high value</span>
-그 **그림**을 볼 때 배경이 무슨 의미가 있는지 생각해 보세요 = When you look at the **painting,** try to think about what meaning the background has
+- 그 학생은 그림을 잘 그리는 재능을 가지고 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">That student has a talent for **drawing** (**pictures**)</span>
 - 그 **그림**을 볼 때 배경이 무슨 의미가 있는지 생각해 보세요 = <span class="md spoiler">When you look at the **painting,** try to think about what meaning the background has</span>
 </Details>
@@ -297,19 +343,24 @@ Examples:
 <Details>
 Common Usages:
 물속 = inside the water
 뱃속 = inside a stomach/belly
 꿈속에 = in one’s dream
-Notes: Korean people can’t explain the difference between 안 and 속.
+- <TTS>물속</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">inside the water</span>
 - <TTS>뱃속</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">inside a stomach/belly</span>
 - <TTS>꿈속에</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">in one’s dream</span>
-속 is more commonly used when, if you enter something, the place will be filled with stuff and is not “empty”. Conversely, “안” would be more commonly used when, if you enter something, the place is basically empty.
+Notes:
 Korean people can’t explain the difference between <TTS>안</TTS> and <TTS>속</TTS>.
 속 is more commonly used when, if you enter something, the place will be <span class="md spoiler">filled with stuff and is not “empty”</span>. Conversely, “안” would be more commonly used when, if you enter something, the place is <span class="md spoiler">basically empty</span>.
 For example, if you enter water or if you enter your body. In both cases, “속” would be used to refer to the inside of a body, or the inside of water. If you enter your body, it is filled with stuff, and if you enter the water, it is still all water.
 The opposite is if you are talking about a room, or a building. You can go into those places and it is relatively empty.
-Example: 저는 **속**이 안 좋아요 = I don’t feel good (my **insides** aren’t good)
+Example:
 - 저는 **속**이 안 좋아요 = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t feel good (my **insides** aren’t good)</span>
 </Details>