lesson 1 determiners

docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/01-sentences.md

@@ -194,24 +194,27 @@ Examples
 
 <Details>
 
-Notes: Certain types of words can be placed before nouns to describe them. For example, adjectives can be placed before nouns to describe them (for example: a pretty girl). 이 is a type of word called a “관형사,” which isn’t an adjective, but is another type of word that can be placed before nouns to describe them. In English, “관형사” translates to a “modifier” or “a determiner.” 이 is placed before nouns within reaching distance to indicate that one is talking about “this” specific thing. For example:
+Notes:
 
-이 사람 = this person
+Certain types of words can be placed before nouns to describe them. For example, adjectives can be placed before nouns to describe them (for example: a pretty girl). 이 is a type of word called a “<TTS>관형사</TTS>,” which isn’t an adjective, but is another type of word that can be placed before nouns to describe them. In English, “관형사” translates to a “<span class="md spoiler">modifier</span>” or “<span class="md spoiler">a determiner</span>.” 이 is placed before nouns within reaching distance to indicate that one is talking about “this” specific thing. For example:
+
+- <TTS>이 사람</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">this person</span>
 
 Other examples of determiners in Korean (and English) are:
 
-그 사람 = that person
+- <TTS>그 사람</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">that person</span>
-모든 사람 = all people
+- <TTS>모든 사람</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">all people</span>
-어떤 사람 = which person
+- <TTS>어떤 사람</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">which person</span>
 
 It is easy to distinguish between a determiner and an adjective in Korean. Although both placed before nouns to “describe” them, the dictionary (ordinary) form of an adjective always ends in ~다 and must change in order to describe them. For example, 예쁘다 changes to 예쁜 when placed before a noun to describe it (See Lesson 3 for more information). Determiners keep their original form when placed before a noun. This might be too much grammar for you at this point, but make a note of it.
 
 Example:
-**이** 차는 너무 비싸요 = **This** car is too expensive
+
-**이** 방은 넓습니다 = **This** room is big/wide
+- **이** 차는 너무 비싸요 = <span class="md spoiler">**This** car is too expensive</span>
-저는 **이** 영화를 더 이상 보고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to watch **this** movie anymore
+- **이** 방은 넓습니다 = <span class="md spoiler">**This** room is big/wide</span>
-**이** 고기는 돼지고기입니다 = **This** meat is pork
+- 저는 **이** 영화를 더 이상 보고 싶지 않아요 = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t want to watch **this** movie anymore</span>
-**이** 사람은 저의 누나예요 = **This** (person) is my sister
+- **이** 고기는 돼지고기입니다 = <span class="md spoiler">**This** meat is pork</span>
+- **이** 사람은 저의 누나예요 = <span class="md spoiler">**This** (person) is my sister</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -219,20 +222,24 @@ Example:
 
 <Details>
 
-Notes: 그 is another example of a “관형사” in Korean. 그 is placed before nouns that are being referred to from context or a previous sentence. For example, if your father is talking about a specific person, you can refer to “that person” by saying “그 사람.”
+Notes:
+
+그 is another example of a “관형사” in Korean. 그 is placed before nouns that are being referred to from context or a previous sentence. For example, if your father is talking about a specific person, you can refer to “that person” by saying “그 사람.”
 
 Common Usages:
-그것 = that thing
+
-그 사람 = that person
+- <TTS>그것</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">that thing</span>
+- <TTS>그 사람</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">that person</span>
 
 See more information about 관형사 in my description of “이” above.
 
 Examples:
-**그** 남자는 저의 아버지예요 = **That** man is my father
+
-**그** 여자는 나랑 결혼하고 싶었어요 = **That** girl wanted to marry me
+- **그** 남자는 저의 아버지예요 = <span class="md spoiler">**That** man is my father</span>
-저는 **그** 책을 원해요 = I want **that** book
+- **그** 여자는 나랑 결혼하고 싶었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">**That** girl wanted to marry me</span>
-**그** 병원은 멉니다 = **That** hospital is far
+- 저는 **그** 책을 원해요 = <span class="md spoiler">I want **that** book</span>
-**그** 여자의 머리카락은 깁니다 = **That** girls hair is long
+- **그** 병원은 멉니다 = <span class="md spoiler">**That** hospital is far</span>
+- **그** 여자의 머리카락은 깁니다 = <span class="md spoiler">**That** girls hair is long</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -240,25 +247,29 @@ Examples:
 
 <Details>
 
-Notes: 저 is another example of a “관형사” in Korean. 저 is placed before nouns that are far away (not within reach). For example, if you want to refer to the person across the street, you can refer to “that person” by saying “저 사람.”
+Notes:
+
+저 is another example of a “관형사” in Korean. 저 is placed before nouns that are far away (not within reach). For example, if you want to refer to the person across the street, you can refer to “that person” by saying “저 사람.”
 
 그 and 저 both translate to “that.” This often causes confusion for English speakers.
 
 Also notice that “저” has more than one meaning. Earlier, you saw that “저” means “I/me.” Welcome to the world of Korean! Where often times one word has more than one meaning.
 
 Common Usages:
-저것 = that thing
+
-저 사람 = that person
+- <TTS>저것</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">that thing</span>
+- <TTS>저 사람</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">that person</span>
 
 See more information about 관형사 in my description of “이” above.
 
 Examples:
-**저** 사람은 누구예요? = Who is **that** person?
+
-저는 **저** 케이크를 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat **that** cake
+- **저** 사람은 누구예요? = <span class="md spoiler">Who is **that** person?</span>
-**저** 바지가 얼마예요? = How much are **those** pants?
+- 저는 **저** 케이크를 먹고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to eat **that** cake</span>
-저의 친구는 **저** 쪽으로 갔어요 = My friend went **that** way
+- **저** 바지가 얼마예요? = <span class="md spoiler">How much are **those** pants?</span>
-**저** 학교는 역사적인 건물이에요 = **That** school is a historical building
+- 저의 친구는 **저** 쪽으로 갔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">My friend went **that** way</span>
-다음 버스는 **저** 정류장에서 출발할 거예요 = The next bus will depart from **that** station
+- **저** 학교는 역사적인 건물이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">**That** school is a historical building</span>
+- 다음 버스는 **저** 정류장에서 출발할 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">The next bus will depart from **that** station</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -267,19 +278,24 @@ Examples:
 <Details>
 
 Common Usages
-이것 = this thing
-저것 = that thing
-그것 = that thing
-~는 것 principle (see [Lesson 26](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-26/))
 
-Notes: Not only used as a simple noun, but also used as a noun that can be described by full sentences. See Lesson 26 for more information about this.
+- <TTS>이것</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">this thing</span>
-것 can be shortened to 거. 것이 can be shortened to 게
+- <TTS>저것</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">that thing</span>
+- <TTS>그것</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">that thing</span>
+- ~는 것 principle (see [Lesson 26](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-26/))
+
+Notes:
+
+Not only used as a simple noun, but also used as a noun that can be described by full sentences. See Lesson 26 for more information about this.
+
+- 것 can be shortened to <TTS>거</TTS>. 것이 can be shortened to <TTS>게</TTS>
 
 Examples
-저는 비싼 **것**만 좋아해요 = I only like expensive <strong>things</strong>
+
-그**것**을 어떻게 해요? = How do you do that (**thing**)?
+- 저는 비싼 **것**만 좋아해요 = <span class="md spoiler">I only like expensive <strong>things</strong></span>
-이**것**은 뭐야? = What is this (**thing**)?
+- 그**것**을 어떻게 해요? = <span class="md spoiler">How do you do that (**thing**)?</span>
-이**것**은 얼마예요? = How much is this (**thing**)?
+- 이**것**은 뭐야? = <span class="md spoiler">What is this (**thing**)?</span>
+- 이**것**은 얼마예요? = <span class="md spoiler">How much is this (**thing**)?</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -288,25 +304,30 @@ Examples
 <Details>
 
 The pronunciation of this word is closer to “이걷”
-이것 is often shortened to 이거 in speech.
 
-Notes: When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before “것,” the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing “것” after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.
+이것 is often shortened to <TTS>이거</TTS> in speech.
+
+Notes:
+
+When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before “것,” the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing “것” after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.
 
 Although it can be translated as “this thing,” 이것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to “this.” For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.
 
 Common Usages:
-이것저것 = this thing and that thing (this and that)
+
+- <TTS>이것저것</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">this thing and that thing (this and that)</span>
 
 Examples:
-**이것**은 뭐야? = What is **this (thing)**?
+
-**이것**은 너무 작은가요? = Is **this** (**thing**) too small?
+- **이것**은 뭐야? = <span class="md spoiler">What is **this (thing)**?</span>
-**이것**은 여권이야 = **This (thing)** is a passport
+- **이것**은 너무 작은가요? = <span class="md spoiler">Is **this** (**thing**) too small?</span>
-**이것**이 더 좋아요 = **This** (**thing**) is better
+- **이것**은 여권이야 = <span class="md spoiler">**This (thing)** is a passport</span>
-**이것**을 보셔요 = Look at <strong>this (thing)</strong>
+- **이것**이 더 좋아요 = <span class="md spoiler">**This** (**thing**) is better</span>
-이것을 먹어 봐! = Eat **this (thing)**! (Try eating **this (thing)**!)
+- **이것**을 보셔요 = <span class="md spoiler">Look at <strong>this (thing)</strong></span>
-모든 프린터 중에 **이것**이 제일 싸요 = Among all the printers, **this** (**one)** is the cheapest
+- 이것을 먹어 봐! = <span class="md spoiler">Eat **this (thing)**! (Try eating **this (thing)**!)</span>
-**이것**을 다 작성해 주실래요? = Can you write all of **this** up for me?
+- 모든 프린터 중에 **이것**이 제일 싸요 = <span class="md spoiler">Among all the printers, **this (one)** is the cheapest</span>
-**이것**은 처음이자 마지막 기회예요 = **This** is the first and last chance
+- **이것**을 다 작성해 주실래요? = <span class="md spoiler">Can you write all of **this** up for me?</span>
+- **이것**은 처음이자 마지막 기회예요 = <span class="md spoiler">**This** is the first and last chance</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -315,18 +336,22 @@ Examples:
 <Details>
 
 The pronunciation of this word is closer to “그걷”
-그것 is often shortened to 그거 in speech.
 
-Notes: When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before “것,” the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing “것” after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.
+그것 is often shortened to <TTS>그거</TTS> in speech.
+
+Notes:
+
+When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before “것,” the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing “것” after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.
 
 Although it can be translated as “that thing,” 그것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to “that.” For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.
 
 Examples:
-저는 **그것**을 손으로 만들었어요 = I built **that** (**thing**) with my hands
+
-저는 **그것**을 지난 번에 배웠어요 = I learned **that** (**thing**) last time
+- 저는 **그것**을 손으로 만들었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I built **that** (**thing**) with my hands</span>
-저는 **그것**을 처음부터 끝까지 복습했어요 = I reviewed **that** (**thing**) from start to finish
+- 저는 **그것**을 지난 번에 배웠어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I learned **that** (**thing**) last time</span>
-저는 **그것**을 영어로 할 거예요 = I will say **that** (**thing**) in English
+- 저는 **그것**을 처음부터 끝까지 복습했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I reviewed **that** (**thing**) from start to finish</span>
-저는 **그것**을 친구한테서 들었어요 = I heard **that** (**thing**) from my friend
+- 저는 **그것**을 영어로 할 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I will say **that** (**thing**) in English</span>
+- 저는 **그것**을 친구한테서 들었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I heard **that** (**thing**) from my friend</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -335,18 +360,24 @@ Examples:
 <Details>
 
 The pronunciation of this word is closer to “저걷”
-저것 is often shortened to 저거 in speech.
 
-Notes: When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before “것,” the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing “것” after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.
+저것 is often shortened to <TTS>저거</TTS> in speech.
+
+Notes:
+
+When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before “것,” the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing “것” after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.
 
 Although it can be translated as “that thing,” 저것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to “that.” For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.
 
 Common Usages:
-이것저것 = this thing and that thing (this and that)
 
-Examples: **저것**은 사과예요 = **That** (**thing**) is an apple
+- <TTS>이것저것</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">this thing and that thing (this and that)</span>
-우리 아빠는 **저것**을 싫어할 것 같아 = Dad will probably not like **that** (<strong>thing)
+
-저것</strong>은 사람이 아니라 눈사람이에요 = **That (thing)** is not a person, it is a snowman
+Examples:
+
+- **저것**은 사과예요 = <span class="md spoiler">**That (thing**) is an apple</span>
+- 우리 아빠는 **저것**을 싫어할 것 같아 = <span class="md spoiler">Dad will probably not like **that (thing)**</span>
+- **저것**은 사람이 아니라 눈사람이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">**That (thing)** is not a person, it is a snowman</span>
 
 </Details>