From ca55f7da86c86ef68fd048b0602c532227d9f4f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: polv Date: Fri, 24 Apr 2026 09:44:52 +0700 Subject: [PATCH] lesson 1 determiners --- docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/01-sentences.md | 155 +++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 93 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/01-sentences.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/01-sentences.md index 3d8c244..a17c3f5 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/01-sentences.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/01-sentences.md @@ -194,24 +194,27 @@ Examples
-Notes: Certain types of words can be placed before nouns to describe them. For example, adjectives can be placed before nouns to describe them (for example: a pretty girl). 이 is a type of word called a “관형사,” which isn’t an adjective, but is another type of word that can be placed before nouns to describe them. In English, “관형사” translates to a “modifier” or “a determiner.” 이 is placed before nouns within reaching distance to indicate that one is talking about “this” specific thing. For example: +Notes: -이 사람 = this person +Certain types of words can be placed before nouns to describe them. For example, adjectives can be placed before nouns to describe them (for example: a pretty girl). 이 is a type of word called a “관형사,” which isn’t an adjective, but is another type of word that can be placed before nouns to describe them. In English, “관형사” translates to a “modifier” or “a determiner.” 이 is placed before nouns within reaching distance to indicate that one is talking about “this” specific thing. For example: + +- 이 사람 = this person Other examples of determiners in Korean (and English) are: -그 사람 = that person -모든 사람 = all people -어떤 사람 = which person +- 그 사람 = that person +- 모든 사람 = all people +- 어떤 사람 = which person It is easy to distinguish between a determiner and an adjective in Korean. Although both placed before nouns to “describe” them, the dictionary (ordinary) form of an adjective always ends in ~다 and must change in order to describe them. For example, 예쁘다 changes to 예쁜 when placed before a noun to describe it (See Lesson 3 for more information). Determiners keep their original form when placed before a noun. This might be too much grammar for you at this point, but make a note of it. Example: -**이** 차는 너무 비싸요 = **This** car is too expensive -**이** 방은 넓습니다 = **This** room is big/wide -저는 **이** 영화를 더 이상 보고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to watch **this** movie anymore -**이** 고기는 돼지고기입니다 = **This** meat is pork -**이** 사람은 저의 누나예요 = **This** (person) is my sister + +- **이** 차는 너무 비싸요 = **This** car is too expensive +- **이** 방은 넓습니다 = **This** room is big/wide +- 저는 **이** 영화를 더 이상 보고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to watch **this** movie anymore +- **이** 고기는 돼지고기입니다 = **This** meat is pork +- **이** 사람은 저의 누나예요 = **This** (person) is my sister
@@ -219,20 +222,24 @@ Example:
-Notes: 그 is another example of a “관형사” in Korean. 그 is placed before nouns that are being referred to from context or a previous sentence. For example, if your father is talking about a specific person, you can refer to “that person” by saying “그 사람.” +Notes: + +그 is another example of a “관형사” in Korean. 그 is placed before nouns that are being referred to from context or a previous sentence. For example, if your father is talking about a specific person, you can refer to “that person” by saying “그 사람.” Common Usages: -그것 = that thing -그 사람 = that person + +- 그것 = that thing +- 그 사람 = that person See more information about 관형사 in my description of “이” above. Examples: -**그** 남자는 저의 아버지예요 = **That** man is my father -**그** 여자는 나랑 결혼하고 싶었어요 = **That** girl wanted to marry me -저는 **그** 책을 원해요 = I want **that** book -**그** 병원은 멉니다 = **That** hospital is far -**그** 여자의 머리카락은 깁니다 = **That** girls hair is long + +- **그** 남자는 저의 아버지예요 = **That** man is my father +- **그** 여자는 나랑 결혼하고 싶었어요 = **That** girl wanted to marry me +- 저는 **그** 책을 원해요 = I want **that** book +- **그** 병원은 멉니다 = **That** hospital is far +- **그** 여자의 머리카락은 깁니다 = **That** girls hair is long
@@ -240,25 +247,29 @@ Examples:
-Notes: 저 is another example of a “관형사” in Korean. 저 is placed before nouns that are far away (not within reach). For example, if you want to refer to the person across the street, you can refer to “that person” by saying “저 사람.” +Notes: + +저 is another example of a “관형사” in Korean. 저 is placed before nouns that are far away (not within reach). For example, if you want to refer to the person across the street, you can refer to “that person” by saying “저 사람.” 그 and 저 both translate to “that.” This often causes confusion for English speakers. Also notice that “저” has more than one meaning. Earlier, you saw that “저” means “I/me.” Welcome to the world of Korean! Where often times one word has more than one meaning. Common Usages: -저것 = that thing -저 사람 = that person + +- 저것 = that thing +- 저 사람 = that person See more information about 관형사 in my description of “이” above. Examples: -**저** 사람은 누구예요? = Who is **that** person? -저는 **저** 케이크를 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat **that** cake -**저** 바지가 얼마예요? = How much are **those** pants? -저의 친구는 **저** 쪽으로 갔어요 = My friend went **that** way -**저** 학교는 역사적인 건물이에요 = **That** school is a historical building -다음 버스는 **저** 정류장에서 출발할 거예요 = The next bus will depart from **that** station + +- **저** 사람은 누구예요? = Who is **that** person? +- 저는 **저** 케이크를 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat **that** cake +- **저** 바지가 얼마예요? = How much are **those** pants? +- 저의 친구는 **저** 쪽으로 갔어요 = My friend went **that** way +- **저** 학교는 역사적인 건물이에요 = **That** school is a historical building +- 다음 버스는 **저** 정류장에서 출발할 거예요 = The next bus will depart from **that** station
@@ -267,19 +278,24 @@ Examples:
Common Usages -이것 = this thing -저것 = that thing -그것 = that thing -~는 것 principle (see [Lesson 26](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-26/)) -Notes: Not only used as a simple noun, but also used as a noun that can be described by full sentences. See Lesson 26 for more information about this. -것 can be shortened to 거. 것이 can be shortened to 게 +- 이것 = this thing +- 저것 = that thing +- 그것 = that thing +- ~는 것 principle (see [Lesson 26](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-26/)) + +Notes: + +Not only used as a simple noun, but also used as a noun that can be described by full sentences. See Lesson 26 for more information about this. + +- 것 can be shortened to 거. 것이 can be shortened to 게 Examples -저는 비싼 **것**만 좋아해요 = I only like expensive things -그**것**을 어떻게 해요? = How do you do that (**thing**)? -이**것**은 뭐야? = What is this (**thing**)? -이**것**은 얼마예요? = How much is this (**thing**)? + +- 저는 비싼 **것**만 좋아해요 = I only like expensive things +- 그**것**을 어떻게 해요? = How do you do that (**thing**)? +- 이**것**은 뭐야? = What is this (**thing**)? +- 이**것**은 얼마예요? = How much is this (**thing**)?
@@ -288,25 +304,30 @@ Examples
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “이걷” -이것 is often shortened to 이거 in speech. -Notes: When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before “것,” the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing “것” after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two. +이것 is often shortened to 이거 in speech. + +Notes: + +When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before “것,” the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing “것” after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two. Although it can be translated as “this thing,” 이것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to “this.” For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1. Common Usages: -이것저것 = this thing and that thing (this and that) + +- 이것저것 = this thing and that thing (this and that) Examples: -**이것**은 뭐야? = What is **this (thing)**? -**이것**은 너무 작은가요? = Is **this** (**thing**) too small? -**이것**은 여권이야 = **This (thing)** is a passport -**이것**이 더 좋아요 = **This** (**thing**) is better -**이것**을 보셔요 = Look at this (thing) -이것을 먹어 봐! = Eat **this (thing)**! (Try eating **this (thing)**!) -모든 프린터 중에 **이것**이 제일 싸요 = Among all the printers, **this** (**one)** is the cheapest -**이것**을 다 작성해 주실래요? = Can you write all of **this** up for me? -**이것**은 처음이자 마지막 기회예요 = **This** is the first and last chance + +- **이것**은 뭐야? = What is **this (thing)**? +- **이것**은 너무 작은가요? = Is **this** (**thing**) too small? +- **이것**은 여권이야 = **This (thing)** is a passport +- **이것**이 더 좋아요 = **This** (**thing**) is better +- **이것**을 보셔요 = Look at this (thing) +- 이것을 먹어 봐! = Eat **this (thing)**! (Try eating **this (thing)**!) +- 모든 프린터 중에 **이것**이 제일 싸요 = Among all the printers, **this (one)** is the cheapest +- **이것**을 다 작성해 주실래요? = Can you write all of **this** up for me? +- **이것**은 처음이자 마지막 기회예요 = **This** is the first and last chance
@@ -315,18 +336,22 @@ Examples:
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “그걷” -그것 is often shortened to 그거 in speech. -Notes: When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before “것,” the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing “것” after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two. +그것 is often shortened to 그거 in speech. + +Notes: + +When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before “것,” the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing “것” after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two. Although it can be translated as “that thing,” 그것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to “that.” For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1. Examples: -저는 **그것**을 손으로 만들었어요 = I built **that** (**thing**) with my hands -저는 **그것**을 지난 번에 배웠어요 = I learned **that** (**thing**) last time -저는 **그것**을 처음부터 끝까지 복습했어요 = I reviewed **that** (**thing**) from start to finish -저는 **그것**을 영어로 할 거예요 = I will say **that** (**thing**) in English -저는 **그것**을 친구한테서 들었어요 = I heard **that** (**thing**) from my friend + +- 저는 **그것**을 손으로 만들었어요 = I built **that** (**thing**) with my hands +- 저는 **그것**을 지난 번에 배웠어요 = I learned **that** (**thing**) last time +- 저는 **그것**을 처음부터 끝까지 복습했어요 = I reviewed **that** (**thing**) from start to finish +- 저는 **그것**을 영어로 할 거예요 = I will say **that** (**thing**) in English +- 저는 **그것**을 친구한테서 들었어요 = I heard **that** (**thing**) from my friend
@@ -335,18 +360,24 @@ Examples:
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “저걷” -저것 is often shortened to 저거 in speech. -Notes: When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before “것,” the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing “것” after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two. +저것 is often shortened to 저거 in speech. + +Notes: + +When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before “것,” the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing “것” after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two. Although it can be translated as “that thing,” 저것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to “that.” For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1. Common Usages: -이것저것 = this thing and that thing (this and that) -Examples: **저것**은 사과예요 = **That** (**thing**) is an apple -우리 아빠는 **저것**을 싫어할 것 같아 = Dad will probably not like **that** (thing) -저것은 사람이 아니라 눈사람이에요 = **That (thing)** is not a person, it is a snowman +- 이것저것 = this thing and that thing (this and that) + +Examples: + +- **저것**은 사과예요 = **That (thing**) is an apple +- 우리 아빠는 **저것**을 싫어할 것 같아 = Dad will probably not like **that (thing)** +- **저것**은 사람이 아니라 눈사람이에요 = **That (thing)** is not a person, it is a snowman