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lesson 14 nouns

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docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/14-passive.md
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<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
냄새가 나다 = for something a smell to come out
냄새가 지독하다 = for something to smell terrible
냄새를 맡다 = to smell (verb) a smell (noun)
냄새를 맡아봐 = try smelling this
Notes: It is hard for an English speaker to understand this word. “냄새” is a noun that means “smell.” If you want to say that something is smellY (adjective), you need to use the verb 나다, which is very confusing. 나다 acts as a passive verb which is introduced in Lesson 14. - <TTS>냄새가 나다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">for something a smell to come out</span>
- <TTS>냄새가 지독하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">for something to smell terrible</span>
- <TTS>냄새를 맡다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to smell (verb) a smell (noun)</span>
- <TTS>냄새를 맡아봐</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">try smelling this</span>
For a positive/good smell, the word “향” is more commonly used. Notes:
It is hard for an English speaker to understand this word. “<TTS>냄새</TTS>” is a noun that means “<span class="md spoiler">smell</span>.” If you want to say that something is <span class="md spoiler">smelly (adjective)</span>, you need to use the verb 나다, which is very confusing. 나다 acts as a passive verb which is introduced in Lesson 14.
For a positive/good smell, the word “<TTS>향</TTS>” is more commonly used.
Examples: Examples:
그 방에서 **냄새**가 나요 = That room is smelly (A **smell** is coming out of that room)
김치 찌개 **냄새** 같아요 = It **smells** like Kimchi Jjigae - 그 방에서 **냄새**가 나요 = <span class="md spoiler">That room is **smelly** (A **smell** is coming out of that room)</span>
- 김치 찌개 **냄새** 같아요 = <span class="md spoiler">It **smells** like Kimchi Jjigae</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -28,10 +32,11 @@ Examples:
<Details> <Details>
Notes: Adding “기” after many nouns changes the word to a machine. “청소기” is literally “cleaning machine” Notes: Adding “기” after many nouns changes the word to a machine. “청소기” is literally “<span class="md spoiler">cleaning machine</span>”
Example: Example:
저는 거실을 **청소기**로 청소했어요 = I cleaned the living room with a **vacuum cleaner**
- 저는 거실을 **청소기**로 청소했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I cleaned the living room with a **vacuum cleaner**</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -40,13 +45,15 @@ Example:
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
얼굴을 씻다 = to wash your face
얼굴이 빨갛다 = for one’s face to be red - <TTS>얼굴을 씻다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to wash your face</span>
- <TTS>얼굴이 빨갛다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">for one’s face to be red</span>
Examples: Examples:
저는 그 사람의 **얼굴**을 못 봤어요 = I couldn’t see that person’s <strong>face
얼굴</strong>이 왜 이렇게 빨개요? = Why is your **face** so red? - 저는 그 사람의 **얼굴**을 못 봤어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I couldn’t see that person’s **face**</span>
제가 세수를 하지 않았기 때문에 **얼굴**이 더러워 보여요 = My **face** looks dirty because I didn’t wash it - **얼굴**이 왜 이렇게 빨개요? = <span class="md spoiler">Why is your **face** so red?</span>
- 제가 세수를 하지 않았기 때문에 **얼굴**이 더러워 보여요 = <span class="md spoiler">My **face** looks dirty because I didn’t wash it</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -55,14 +62,16 @@ Examples:
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
주식시장 = stock market
남대문 시장 = Namdaemun market - <TTS>주식시장</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">stock market</span>
- <TTS>남대문 시장</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Namdaemun market</span>
Examples: Examples:
저는 이 사과를 **시장**에서 샀어요 = I bought these apples at the <strong>market</strong>
토론토는 동양**시장**이 많아요 = Toronto has a lot of Eastern (Oriental) <strong>markets</strong> - 저는 이 사과를 **시장**에서 샀어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I bought these apples at the <strong>market</strong></span>
저는 내일 **시장**에서 사과를 팔 거예요 = I will sell apples at the **market** tomorrow - 토론토는 동양**시장**이 많아요 = <span class="md spoiler">Toronto has a lot of Eastern (Oriental) <strong>markets</strong></span>
동대문**시장**에서 아주머니가 많아요 = There are a lot of older women in Dongdaemun **market** - 저는 내일 **시장**에서 사과를 팔 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I will sell apples at the **market** tomorrow</span>
- 동대문**시장**에서 아주머니가 많아요 = <span class="md spoiler">There are a lot of older women in Dongdaemun **market**</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -71,21 +80,23 @@ Examples:
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
몸무게 = body weight
잇몸 = gums (in your mouth) - <TTS>몸무게</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">body weight</span>
몸이 아프다 = for one’s body to be sore (to be sick) - <TTS>잇몸</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">gums (in your mouth)</span>
몸이 좋다 = to be healthy (literally, for one’s body to be good) - <TTS>몸이 아프다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">for one’s body to be sore (to be sick)</span>
몸매 = one’s figure - <TTS>몸이 좋다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to be healthy (literally, for one’s body to be good)</span>
몸살 = for one’s body to be aching - <TTS>몸매</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">one’s figure</span>
알몸 = naked - <TTS>몸살</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">for one’s body to be aching</span>
- <TTS>알몸</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">naked</span>
Examples: Examples:
저의 **몸**이 너무 아파서 못 가요 = I can’t go because my **body** is so sore
양복을 입은 후에 **몸**이 따뜻해졌어요 = After I put on a suit, my **body** got warm - 저의 **몸**이 너무 아파서 못 가요 = <span class="md spoiler">I can’t go because my **body** is so sore</span>
**몸**무게가 몇 킬로예요? = How much do you weigh? - 양복을 입은 후에 **몸**이 따뜻해졌어요 = <span class="md spoiler">After I put on a suit, my **body** got warm</span>
**몸**무게가 몇 킬로가 나가요? How much do you weigh? - **몸**무게가 몇 킬로예요? = <span class="md spoiler">How much do you weigh?</span>
저는 **수건**으로 몸을 닦았어요 = I wiped my body with a <strong>towel</strong> - **몸**무게가 몇 킬로가 나가요? = <span class="md spoiler">How much do you weigh?</span>
잠을 못 자면 다음 날에 **몸**이 피곤해져요 = When/if you don’t sleep well, the next day you (your **body**) will be tired - 저는 **수건**으로 몸을 닦았어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I wiped my body with a <strong>towel</strong></span>
- 잠을 못 자면 다음 날에 **몸**이 피곤해져요 = <span class="md spoiler">When/if you don’t sleep well, the next day you (your **body**) will be tired</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -94,15 +105,17 @@ Examples:
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
불이 나가다 = for the lights to go out
불을 끄다 = to turn off the lights - <TTS>불이 나가다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">for the lights to go out</span>
불꽃 = flame - <TTS>불을 끄다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to turn off the lights</span>
불꽃놀이 = fireworks - <TTS>불꽃</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">flame</span>
- <TTS>불꽃놀이</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">fireworks</span>
Examples: Examples:
저는 **불**을 껐어요 = I turned the **lights** off
옛날 사람들은 **불**을 발견했어요 = People from a long time ago discovered <strong>fire - 저는 **불**을 껐어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I turned the **lights** off</span>
불</strong>을 켜도 돼요? = Can I turn the **lights** on? - 옛날 사람들은 **불**을 발견했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">People from a long time ago discovered **fire**</span>
- **불**을 켜도 돼요? = <span class="md spoiler">Can I turn the **lights** on?</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -113,15 +126,16 @@ Examples:
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “숙쩨” The pronunciation of this word is closer to “숙쩨”
Examples: Examples:
저는 **숙제**를 하기 싫어요 = I don’t like doing <strong>homework</strong>
저는 **숙제**를 끝냈어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/44.mp3" /> = I finished my <strong>homework</strong> - 저는 **숙제**를 하기 싫어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t like doing <strong>homework</strong></span>
저는 저의 **숙제**를 가져왔어요 = I brought my <strong>homework</strong> - 저는 **숙제**를 끝냈어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/44.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I finished my <strong>homework</strong></span>
그 학생은 **숙제**를 가져오지 않았어 = That student didn’t bring his <strong>homework</strong> - 저는 저의 **숙제**를 가져왔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I brought my <strong>homework</strong></span>
저는 **숙제**를 나중에 할 거예요 = I am going to do my **homework** later - 그 학생은 **숙제**를 가져오지 않았어 = <span class="md spoiler">That student didn’t bring his <strong>homework</strong></span>
저는 **숙제**를 다 했어요 = I did all of my <strong>homework</strong> - 저는 **숙제**를 나중에 할 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I am going to do my **homework** later</span>
저는 **숙제**를 빨리 했어요 = I did my **homework** quickly - 저는 **숙제**를 다 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I did all of my <strong>homework</strong></span>
저는 **숙제**를 끝내고 나서 집으로 갈 거예요 = I will finish my **homework** and then go home - 저는 **숙제**를 빨리 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I did my **homework** quickly</span>
저는 선생님에게 **숙제**에 대한 설명을 요청했어요 = I asked the teacher for an explanation of the **homework** - 저는 **숙제**를 끝내고 나서 집으로 갈 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I will finish my **homework** and then go home</span>
- 저는 선생님에게 **숙제**에 대한 설명을 요청했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I asked the teacher for an explanation of the **homework**</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -129,23 +143,27 @@ Examples:
<Details> <Details>
The verb form of this word translates to “remember” The verb form of this word translates to “<span class="md spoiler">to remember</span>”
Common Usages: Common Usages:
기억력 = one’s memory ability
기억나다 = for a memory to “come up” – (“to remember”)
기억이 안 나다 = to not remember
기억 세포 = Memory cell
Notes: The word 나다 is often used to indicate that a memory “comes” up. See Lesson 14 for more information. - <TTS>기억력</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">one’s memory ability</span>
- <TTS>기억나다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">for a memory to “come up” – (“to remember”)</span>
- <TTS>기억이 안 나다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to not remember</span>
- <TTS>기억 세포</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Memory cell</span>
Notes:
The word 나다 is often used to indicate that a memory “comes” up. See Lesson 14 for more information.
Examples: Examples:
저는 그 사람의 이름이 **기억**이 안 나요 = I can’t **remember** that person’s name
행복했던 **기억**을 생각하고 있다 = I’m thinking about happy <strong>memories</strong> - 저는 그 사람의 이름이 **기억**이 안 나요 = <span class="md spoiler">I can’t **remember** that person’s name</span>
나는 그때 **기억**이 안 났어 = I didn’t **remember** (that) at that time - 행복했던 **기억**을 생각하고 있다 = <span class="md spoiler">I’m thinking about happy <strong>memories</strong></span>
저는 선생님이 그것을 언제 가르쳤는지 **기억** 안 나요 = I don’t **remember** when the teacher taught that - 나는 그때 **기억**이 안 났어 = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t **remember** (that) at that time</span>
저는 그 학생이 어느 대학교를 다니는지 **기억** 안 나요 = I don’t **remember** which university that student attends - 저는 선생님이 그것을 언제 가르쳤는지 **기억** 안 나요 = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t **remember** when the teacher taught that</span>
선생님이 저에게 그 질문을 물어본 것이 **기억** 안 나요 = I don’t **remember** the teacher asking that question to me - 저는 그 학생이 어느 대학교를 다니는지 **기억** 안 나요 = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t **remember** which university that student attends</span>
- 선생님이 저에게 그 질문을 물어본 것이 **기억** 안 나요 = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t **remember** the teacher asking that question to me</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -155,12 +173,15 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: Common Usages:
나무 상자 = wooden box - <TTS>나무 상자</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">wooden box</span>
Notes: The Korean pronunciation of “box” (박스) is often used as well Notes:
The Korean pronunciation of “<span class="md spoiler">box</span>” (<TTS>박스</TTS>) is often used as well
Example: Example:
저는 핸드폰을 **상자**에 넣었어요 = I put the phone in the **box**
- 저는 핸드폰을 **상자**에 넣었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I put the phone in the **box**</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -169,14 +190,16 @@ Example:
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
바람이 불다 = for wind to be blowing
바람을 쐬다 = to go out and enjoy the breeze - <TTS>바람이 불다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">for wind to be blowing</span>
칼 바람 = a very cold wind (literally, “knife wind”) - <TTS>바람을 쐬다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to go out and enjoy the breeze</span>
비바람 = rainstorm - <TTS>칼 바람</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">a very cold wind (literally, “knife wind”)</span>
- <TTS>비바람</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">rainstorm</span>
Example: Example:
바다 근처에 **바람**이 세게 불어요 = The **wind** is strong near the ocean
문이 바람에 닫혔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-14-11.mp3" /> = The door was closed by the **wind** - 바다 근처에 **바람**이 세게 불어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The **wind** is strong near the ocean</span>
- 문이 **바람**에 닫혔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-14-11.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The door was closed by the **wind**</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -185,14 +208,16 @@ Example:
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
세금을 내다 = to pay taxes
세금을 징수하다 = to collect taxes - <TTS>세금을 내다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to pay taxes</span>
소득세 = income tax - <TTS>세금을 징수하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to collect taxes</span>
- <TTS>소득세</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">income tax</span>
Example: Example:
한국에서는 **세금**이 물건 값에 포함돼요 = In Korea, **tax** is included in the price of goods
이 값은 **세금**을 포함해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/1.mp3" /> = This price includes <strong>tax - 한국에서는 **세금**이 물건 값에 포함돼요 = <span class="md spoiler">In Korea, **tax** is included in the price of goods</span>
세금 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/16.mp3" /></strong> 은 값에 포함된다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/16.mp3" /> = The **tax** is included in the price - 이 값은 **세금**을 포함해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">This price includes **tax**</span>
- **세금** 은 값에 포함된다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/16.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The **tax** is included in the price</span>
</Details> </Details>