diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/14-passive.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/14-passive.md index 247690b..d4a2e77 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/14-passive.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/14-passive.md @@ -9,18 +9,22 @@
Common Usages: -냄새가 나다 = for something a smell to come out -냄새가 지독하다 = for something to smell terrible -냄새를 맡다 = to smell (verb) a smell (noun) -냄새를 맡아봐 = try smelling this -Notes: It is hard for an English speaker to understand this word. “냄새” is a noun that means “smell.” If you want to say that something is smellY (adjective), you need to use the verb 나다, which is very confusing. 나다 acts as a passive verb which is introduced in Lesson 14. +- 냄새가 나다 = for something a smell to come out +- 냄새가 지독하다 = for something to smell terrible +- 냄새를 맡다 = to smell (verb) a smell (noun) +- 냄새를 맡아봐 = try smelling this -For a positive/good smell, the word “향” is more commonly used. +Notes: + +It is hard for an English speaker to understand this word. “냄새” is a noun that means “smell.” If you want to say that something is smelly (adjective), you need to use the verb 나다, which is very confusing. 나다 acts as a passive verb which is introduced in Lesson 14. + +For a positive/good smell, the word “향” is more commonly used. Examples: -그 방에서 **냄새**가 나요 = That room is smelly (A **smell** is coming out of that room) -김치 찌개 **냄새** 같아요 = It **smells** like Kimchi Jjigae + +- 그 방에서 **냄새**가 나요 = That room is **smelly** (A **smell** is coming out of that room) +- 김치 찌개 **냄새** 같아요 = It **smells** like Kimchi Jjigae
@@ -28,10 +32,11 @@ Examples:
-Notes: Adding “기” after many nouns changes the word to a machine. “청소기” is literally “cleaning machine” +Notes: Adding “기” after many nouns changes the word to a machine. “청소기” is literally “cleaning machine” Example: -저는 거실을 **청소기**로 청소했어요 = I cleaned the living room with a **vacuum cleaner** + +- 저는 거실을 **청소기**로 청소했어요 = I cleaned the living room with a **vacuum cleaner**
@@ -40,13 +45,15 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -얼굴을 씻다 = to wash your face -얼굴이 빨갛다 = for one’s face to be red + +- 얼굴을 씻다 = to wash your face +- 얼굴이 빨갛다 = for one’s face to be red Examples: -저는 그 사람의 **얼굴**을 못 봤어요 = I couldn’t see that person’s face -얼굴이 왜 이렇게 빨개요? = Why is your **face** so red? -제가 세수를 하지 않았기 때문에 **얼굴**이 더러워 보여요 = My **face** looks dirty because I didn’t wash it + +- 저는 그 사람의 **얼굴**을 못 봤어요 = I couldn’t see that person’s **face** +- **얼굴**이 왜 이렇게 빨개요? = Why is your **face** so red? +- 제가 세수를 하지 않았기 때문에 **얼굴**이 더러워 보여요 = My **face** looks dirty because I didn’t wash it
@@ -55,14 +62,16 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -주식시장 = stock market -남대문 시장 = Namdaemun market + +- 주식시장 = stock market +- 남대문 시장 = Namdaemun market Examples: -저는 이 사과를 **시장**에서 샀어요 = I bought these apples at the market -토론토는 동양**시장**이 많아요 = Toronto has a lot of Eastern (Oriental) markets -저는 내일 **시장**에서 사과를 팔 거예요 = I will sell apples at the **market** tomorrow -동대문**시장**에서 아주머니가 많아요 = There are a lot of older women in Dongdaemun **market** + +- 저는 이 사과를 **시장**에서 샀어요 = I bought these apples at the market +- 토론토는 동양**시장**이 많아요 = Toronto has a lot of Eastern (Oriental) markets +- 저는 내일 **시장**에서 사과를 팔 거예요 = I will sell apples at the **market** tomorrow +- 동대문**시장**에서 아주머니가 많아요 = There are a lot of older women in Dongdaemun **market**
@@ -71,21 +80,23 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -몸무게 = body weight -잇몸 = gums (in your mouth) -몸이 아프다 = for one’s body to be sore (to be sick) -몸이 좋다 = to be healthy (literally, for one’s body to be good) -몸매 = one’s figure -몸살 = for one’s body to be aching -알몸 = naked + +- 몸무게 = body weight +- 잇몸 = gums (in your mouth) +- 몸이 아프다 = for one’s body to be sore (to be sick) +- 몸이 좋다 = to be healthy (literally, for one’s body to be good) +- 몸매 = one’s figure +- 몸살 = for one’s body to be aching +- 알몸 = naked Examples: -저의 **몸**이 너무 아파서 못 가요 = I can’t go because my **body** is so sore -양복을 입은 후에 **몸**이 따뜻해졌어요 = After I put on a suit, my **body** got warm -**몸**무게가 몇 킬로예요? = How much do you weigh? -**몸**무게가 몇 킬로가 나가요? How much do you weigh? -저는 **수건**으로 몸을 닦았어요 = I wiped my body with a towel -잠을 못 자면 다음 날에 **몸**이 피곤해져요 = When/if you don’t sleep well, the next day you (your **body**) will be tired + +- 저의 **몸**이 너무 아파서 못 가요 = I can’t go because my **body** is so sore +- 양복을 입은 후에 **몸**이 따뜻해졌어요 = After I put on a suit, my **body** got warm +- **몸**무게가 몇 킬로예요? = How much do you weigh? +- **몸**무게가 몇 킬로가 나가요? = How much do you weigh? +- 저는 **수건**으로 몸을 닦았어요 = I wiped my body with a towel +- 잠을 못 자면 다음 날에 **몸**이 피곤해져요 = When/if you don’t sleep well, the next day you (your **body**) will be tired
@@ -94,15 +105,17 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -불이 나가다 = for the lights to go out -불을 끄다 = to turn off the lights -불꽃 = flame -불꽃놀이 = fireworks + +- 불이 나가다 = for the lights to go out +- 불을 끄다 = to turn off the lights +- 불꽃 = flame +- 불꽃놀이 = fireworks Examples: -저는 **불**을 껐어요 = I turned the **lights** off -옛날 사람들은 **불**을 발견했어요 = People from a long time ago discovered fire -불을 켜도 돼요? = Can I turn the **lights** on? + +- 저는 **불**을 껐어요 = I turned the **lights** off +- 옛날 사람들은 **불**을 발견했어요 = People from a long time ago discovered **fire** +- **불**을 켜도 돼요? = Can I turn the **lights** on?
@@ -113,15 +126,16 @@ Examples: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “숙쩨” Examples: -저는 **숙제**를 하기 싫어요 = I don’t like doing homework -저는 **숙제**를 끝냈어요 = I finished my homework -저는 저의 **숙제**를 가져왔어요 = I brought my homework -그 학생은 **숙제**를 가져오지 않았어 = That student didn’t bring his homework -저는 **숙제**를 나중에 할 거예요 = I am going to do my **homework** later -저는 **숙제**를 다 했어요 = I did all of my homework -저는 **숙제**를 빨리 했어요 = I did my **homework** quickly -저는 **숙제**를 끝내고 나서 집으로 갈 거예요 = I will finish my **homework** and then go home -저는 선생님에게 **숙제**에 대한 설명을 요청했어요 = I asked the teacher for an explanation of the **homework** + +- 저는 **숙제**를 하기 싫어요 = I don’t like doing homework +- 저는 **숙제**를 끝냈어요 = I finished my homework +- 저는 저의 **숙제**를 가져왔어요 = I brought my homework +- 그 학생은 **숙제**를 가져오지 않았어 = That student didn’t bring his homework +- 저는 **숙제**를 나중에 할 거예요 = I am going to do my **homework** later +- 저는 **숙제**를 다 했어요 = I did all of my homework +- 저는 **숙제**를 빨리 했어요 = I did my **homework** quickly +- 저는 **숙제**를 끝내고 나서 집으로 갈 거예요 = I will finish my **homework** and then go home +- 저는 선생님에게 **숙제**에 대한 설명을 요청했어요 = I asked the teacher for an explanation of the **homework** @@ -129,23 +143,27 @@ Examples:
-The verb form of this word translates to “remember” +The verb form of this word translates to “to remember” Common Usages: -기억력 = one’s memory ability -기억나다 = for a memory to “come up” – (“to remember”) -기억이 안 나다 = to not remember -기억 세포 = Memory cell -Notes: The word 나다 is often used to indicate that a memory “comes” up. See Lesson 14 for more information. +- 기억력 = one’s memory ability +- 기억나다 = for a memory to “come up” – (“to remember”) +- 기억이 안 나다 = to not remember +- 기억 세포 = Memory cell + +Notes: + +The word 나다 is often used to indicate that a memory “comes” up. See Lesson 14 for more information. Examples: -저는 그 사람의 이름이 **기억**이 안 나요 = I can’t **remember** that person’s name -행복했던 **기억**을 생각하고 있다 = I’m thinking about happy memories -나는 그때 **기억**이 안 났어 = I didn’t **remember** (that) at that time -저는 선생님이 그것을 언제 가르쳤는지 **기억** 안 나요 = I don’t **remember** when the teacher taught that -저는 그 학생이 어느 대학교를 다니는지 **기억** 안 나요 = I don’t **remember** which university that student attends -선생님이 저에게 그 질문을 물어본 것이 **기억** 안 나요 = I don’t **remember** the teacher asking that question to me + +- 저는 그 사람의 이름이 **기억**이 안 나요 = I can’t **remember** that person’s name +- 행복했던 **기억**을 생각하고 있다 = I’m thinking about happy memories +- 나는 그때 **기억**이 안 났어 = I didn’t **remember** (that) at that time +- 저는 선생님이 그것을 언제 가르쳤는지 **기억** 안 나요 = I don’t **remember** when the teacher taught that +- 저는 그 학생이 어느 대학교를 다니는지 **기억** 안 나요 = I don’t **remember** which university that student attends +- 선생님이 저에게 그 질문을 물어본 것이 **기억** 안 나요 = I don’t **remember** the teacher asking that question to me
@@ -155,12 +173,15 @@ Examples: Common Usages: -나무 상자 = wooden box +- 나무 상자 = wooden box -Notes: The Korean pronunciation of “box” (박스) is often used as well +Notes: + +The Korean pronunciation of “box” (박스) is often used as well Example: -저는 핸드폰을 **상자**에 넣었어요 = I put the phone in the **box** + +- 저는 핸드폰을 **상자**에 넣었어요 = I put the phone in the **box** @@ -169,14 +190,16 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -바람이 불다 = for wind to be blowing -바람을 쐬다 = to go out and enjoy the breeze -칼 바람 = a very cold wind (literally, “knife wind”) -비바람 = rainstorm + +- 바람이 불다 = for wind to be blowing +- 바람을 쐬다 = to go out and enjoy the breeze +- 칼 바람 = a very cold wind (literally, “knife wind”) +- 비바람 = rainstorm Example: -바다 근처에 **바람**이 세게 불어요 = The **wind** is strong near the ocean -문이 바람에 닫혔어요 = The door was closed by the **wind** + +- 바다 근처에 **바람**이 세게 불어요 = The **wind** is strong near the ocean +- 문이 **바람**에 닫혔어요 = The door was closed by the **wind**
@@ -185,14 +208,16 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -세금을 내다 = to pay taxes -세금을 징수하다 = to collect taxes -소득세 = income tax + +- 세금을 내다 = to pay taxes +- 세금을 징수하다 = to collect taxes +- 소득세 = income tax Example: -한국에서는 **세금**이 물건 값에 포함돼요 = In Korea, **tax** is included in the price of goods -이 값은 **세금**을 포함해요 = This price includes tax -세금 은 값에 포함된다 = The **tax** is included in the price + +- 한국에서는 **세금**이 물건 값에 포함돼요 = In Korea, **tax** is included in the price of goods +- 이 값은 **세금**을 포함해요 = This price includes **tax** +- **세금** 은 값에 포함된다 = The **tax** is included in the price