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@@ -865,9 +865,9 @@ You might also want to try listening to all of the words on loop with this [Voca
To this point, you have studied Korean verbs and adjectives in great depth, but you have yet to learn much about Korean adverbs. First of all, what is an adverb? Adverbs are words in sentences that tell you when, where, or to what degree something is being done.
When: I went to work on **Tuesday**
Where: I am **inside** the house
Degree: I opened the door **quickly**
- When: I went to work on **Tuesday**
- Where: I am **inside** the house
- Degree: I opened the door **quickly**
In this lesson, you will learn how to use adverbs in Korean sentences. Let’s get started!
@@ -877,99 +877,102 @@ Anytime you put a word in a sentence that indicates when or where something is t
This is very important. Even though all places (park, house, hospital, school, office, room, kitchen, etc.) are _also_ nouns, when they are being talked about **as a place**, the particle 에 must be attached to them. Notice the difference between the following two sentences:
저는 병원을 지었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-1I-built-a-hospital.mp3" /> = I built a hospital
저는 병원에 갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-2I-went-to-thea-hospital.mp3" /> = I went to the/a hospital
- 저는 병원을 지었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-1I-built-a-hospital.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I built a hospital</span>
- 저는 병원에 갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-2I-went-to-thea-hospital.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I went to the/a hospital</span>
In the first sentence, “hospital” is the thing that you are building – so it is an object, which requires you to use the 을/를 particle.
In the second sentence, the hospital is the place in which you went to – so it is a place, which requires it to have the 에 particle.
However, if you wanted to say _where_ you built that hospital, you could say this:
저는 병원을 공원 옆에 지었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/1-I-built-a-hospital.mp3" /> = I built a hospital beside the park
- 저는 병원을 공원 옆에 지었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/1-I-built-a-hospital.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I built a hospital beside the park</span>
In addition to this, any word that indicates when something is taking place, needs to have the Korean particle 에 attached to it. For example:
저는 화요일에 가겠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2-I-will-go-on-Tuesday.mp3" /> = I will go on Tuesday
저는 저녁에 공부했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/3-I-studied-in-the-evening.mp3" /> = I studied in the evening
저는 가을에 공원 옆에 병원을 지었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-3I-built-a-hospital-beside-the-park-in-the-fall.mp3" /> = I built a hospital beside the park in the fall
- 저는 화요일에 가겠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2-I-will-go-on-Tuesday.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will go on Tuesday</span>
- 저는 저녁에 공부했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/3-I-studied-in-the-evening.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I studied in the evening</span>
- 저는 가을에 공원 옆에 병원을 지었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-3I-built-a-hospital-beside-the-park-in-the-fall.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I built a hospital beside the park in the fall</span>
The best part about Korean adverbs is that they can essentially be placed at any place in the sentence. The only place they cannot be placed is at the end of the sentence – because a sentence must always end in an adjective or verb. They could even be placed at the beginning of a sentence:
여름에 저는 공부하겠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/5-I-will-study-in-the-summer.mp3" /> = I will study in the summer
- 여름에 저는 공부하겠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/5-I-will-study-in-the-summer.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will study in the summer</span>
Korean people don’t add ~에 when using 오늘 (today), 내일 (tomorrow) and 어제 (yesterday):
Korean people don’t add ~에 when using <TTS>오늘</TTS> (<span class="md spoiler">today</span>), <TTS>내일</TTS> (<span class="md spoiler">tomorrow</span>) and <TTS>어제</TTS> (<span class="md spoiler">yesterday</span>):
저는 한국에 오늘 도착했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-8-s1.mp3" /> = I arrived in Korea today
저는 도서관에 어제 갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-8-s2.mp3" /> = I went to the library yesterday
저는 내일 한국어를 공부하겠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-6-I-will-study-Korean-tomorrow.mp3" /> = I will study Korean tomorrow.
- 저는 한국에 오늘 도착했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-8-s1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I arrived in Korea today</span>
- 저는 도서관에 어제 갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-8-s2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I went to the library yesterday</span>
- 저는 내일 한국어를 공부하겠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-6-I-will-study-Korean-tomorrow.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will study Korean tomorrow.</span>
### To what degree/How much
In addition to “when” and “where” adverbs, many adverbs can tell us to what degree something is being done. These adverbs usually (but not always) end in ‘ly’ in English:
I ran _really quickly_
I ate _fast_
I left _immediately_
I _often_ meet my friend on Thursday
I eat _too much sometimes_
- I ran _really quickly_
- I ate _fast_
- I left _immediately_
- I _often_ meet my friend on Thursday
- I eat _too much sometimes_
When adding these types of adverbs to sentences, no particle needs to be attached.
While other adverbs are generally free to be placed anywhere in a sentence, adverbs like this that indicate a degree to which something is done are typically placed immediately before the verb. For example:
저는 저의 친구를 자주 만나요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-4I-meet-my-friend-often.mp3" /> = I meet my friend often
저는 밥을 많이 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-5I-ate-a-lot-of-food-rice.mp3" /> = I ate a lot of food (rice)
저는 집에 바로 갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-6I-went-home-immediately.mp3" /> = I went home immediately
저는 숙제를 빨리 했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-7I-did-my-homework-quickly.mp3" /> = I did my homework quickly
- 저는 저의 친구를 자주 만나요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-4I-meet-my-friend-often.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I meet my friend often</span>
- 저는 밥을 많이 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-5I-ate-a-lot-of-food-rice.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate a lot of food (rice)</span>
- 저는 집에 바로 갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-6I-went-home-immediately.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I went home immediately</span>
- 저는 숙제를 빨리 했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-7I-did-my-homework-quickly.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I did my homework quickly</span>
Also, many of these words are just transferred from their adjective forms to create an adverb. This is done in English as well, for example:
Quick -> Quickly
Easy -> Easily
Quiet -> Quietly
- Quick -> Quickly
- Easy -> Easily
- Quiet -> Quietly
A lot of adverbs in Korean are simply made by adding ‘게’ to the stem of an adjective:
| **Adjective** | **Adverb** |
| ------------------ | -------------------- |
| 쉽다 = easy | 쉽게 = easily |
| 비슷하다 = similar | 비슷하게 = similarly |
| 다르다 = different | 다르게 = differently |
| **Adjective** | **Adverb** |
| ------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- |
| <TTS>쉽다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">easy</span> | <TTS>쉽게</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">easily</span> |
| <TTS>비슷하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">similar</span> | <TTS>비슷하게</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">similarly</span> |
| <TTS>다르다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">different</span> | <TTS>다르게</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">differently</span> |
Adjectives that end in 하다 are sometimes changed into adverbs by changing 하다 to 히. With most adjectives you can either add 게 to the stem or 히 with no difference in meaning. The only thing I can suggest is try to listen to which one is said in a specific situation, because even Korean people don’t know the answer to the question “what is the difference between 조용하게 and 조용히”:
| **Adjective** | **Adverb** |
| ---------------- | ------------------------- |
| 조용하다 = quiet | 조용하게/조용히 = quietly |
| 안전하다 = safe | 안전하게/안전히 = safely |
| **Adjective** | **Adverb** |
| ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| <TTS>조용하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">quiet</span> | <TTS>조용하게</TTS>/<TTS>조용히</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">quietly</span> |
| <TTS>안전하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">safe</span> | <TTS>안전하게</TTS>/<TTS>안전히</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">safely</span> |
Finally, some adjectives are changed into adverbs in a different way. When this happens, they are usually very similar to their original adjective form:
| **Adjective** | **Adverb** |
| ------------------- | ------------------- |
| 많다 = many | 많이 = many/a lot\* |
| 빠르다 = quick/fast | 빨리 = quickly |
| **Adjective** | **Adverb** |
| -------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| <TTS>많다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">many</span> | <TTS>많이</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">many/a lot</span> |
| <TTS>빠르다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">quick/fast</span> | <TTS>빨리</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">quickly</span> |
\*많다/많이 essentially have the same meaning aside from the fact that one is an adverb and one is an adjective. Most of the time, the difference between the adjective and adverb form is very clear, but with 많이/많다, the meaning is similar. See the following:
\*많다/많이 essentially have the same meaning aside from the fact that one is an adverb and one is an adjective. Most of the time, the difference between the adjective and adverb form is very clear, but with 많이/많다, the meaning is similar.
See the following:
- 저는 많은 밥을 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-8I-ate-a-lot-of-rice.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate a lot of rice</span>
- 저는 밥을 많이 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-9I-ate-a-lot-of-rice.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate a lot of rice.</span>
저는 많은 밥을 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-8I-ate-a-lot-of-rice.mp3" /> = I ate a lot of rice
저는 밥을 많이 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-9I-ate-a-lot-of-rice.mp3" /> = I ate a lot of rice.
Now that you know ALL that, using adverbs in sentences is easy as pie!:
저는 조용하게 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-7-I-ate-quietly.mp3" /> = I ate quietly
저는 거리를 안전하게 건넜어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-8-I-crossed-the-street-safely.mp3" /> = I crossed the street safely
저는 행복하게 살았어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/9-I-lived-happily.mp3" /> = I lived happily
- 저는 조용하게 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-7-I-ate-quietly.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate quietly</span>
- 저는 거리를 안전하게 건넜어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-8-I-crossed-the-street-safely.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I crossed the street safely</span>
- 저는 행복하게 살았어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/9-I-lived-happily.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I lived happily</span>
You can, of course, use more than one adverb in a sentence. To look at the list I showed you earlier:
저는 매우 빨리 달렸어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-10-I-ran-really-quickly.mp3" /> = I ran really quickly
저는 빨리 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-11-I-ate-fast.mp3" /> = I ate fast
저는 바로 떠났어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-12-I-left-immediately.mp3" /> = I left immediately
저는 저의 친구를 목요일에 자주 만나요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-13-I-often-meet-my-friend-on-Thursday.mp3" /> = I often meet my friend on Thursday
저는 가끔 너무 많이 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-14-I-eat-too-much-someitmes.mp3" /> = I eat too much sometimes
- 저는 매우 빨리 달렸어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-10-I-ran-really-quickly.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ran really quickly</span>
- 저는 빨리 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-11-I-ate-fast.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate fast</span>
- 저는 바로 떠났어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-12-I-left-immediately.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I left immediately</span>
- 저는 저의 친구를 목요일에 자주 만나요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-13-I-often-meet-my-friend-on-Thursday.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I often meet my friend on Thursday</span>
- 저는 가끔 너무 많이 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-14-I-eat-too-much-someitmes.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I eat too much sometimes</span>
Though you can do that, using two adverbs that indicate the ‘degree of something’ is generally not done in Korean. For example, this would sound awkward:
저는 거리를 쉽게 빨리 건넜어요 = I easily quickly crossed the street (It’s also awkward in English!)
- 저는 거리를 쉽게 빨리 건넜어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I easily quickly crossed the street</span> (It’s also awkward in English!)
## Negative Sentences