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@@ -710,6 +710,318 @@ vocabulary:
en: You **didn't** go home during vacation?
- ko: 소금을 많이 먹는 것은 건강에 **안** 좋아요
en: It is **not** healthy to eat a lot of salt
sentence:
when_and_where:
- notes: &ww-particle |
<p>In the first sentence, “hospital” is the thing that you are building – so it is an object, which requires you to use the 을/를 particle.</p>
<p>In the second sentence, the hospital is the place in which you went to – so it is a place, which requires it to have the 에 particle.</p>
ko: 저는 병원을 지었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-1I-built-a-hospital.mp3
en: I built a hospital
- notes: *ww-particle
ko: 저는 병원에 갔어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-2I-went-to-thea-hospital.mp3
en: I went to the/a hospital
- notes: *ww-particle
ko: 저는 병원을 공원 옆에 지었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/1-I-built-a-hospital.mp3
en: I built a hospital beside the park
- notes: *ww-particle
ko: 저는 화요일에 가겠어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2-I-will-go-on-Tuesday.mp3
en: I will go on Tuesday
- notes: *ww-particle
ko: 저는 저녁에 공부했어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/3-I-studied-in-the-evening.mp3
en: I studied in the evening
- notes: *ww-particle
ko: 저는 가을에 공원 옆에 병원을 지었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-3I-built-a-hospital-beside-the-park-in-the-fall.mp3
en: I built a hospital beside the park in the fall
- notes: |
The best part about Korean adverbs is that they can essentially be placed at any place in the sentence. The only place they cannot be placed is at the end of the sentence – because a sentence must always end in an adjective or verb. They could even be placed at the beginning of a sentence.
ko: 여름에 저는 공부하겠어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/5-I-will-study-in-the-summer.mp3
en: I will study in the summer
- notes: &ww-no-particle |
Korean people don’t add ~에 when using 오늘 (today), 내일 (tomorrow) and 어제 (yesterday)
ko: 저는 한국에 오늘 도착했어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-8-s1.mp3
en: I arrived in Korea today
- notes: *ww-no-particle
ko: 저는 도서관에 어제 갔어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-8-s2.mp3
en: I went to the library yesterday
- notes: *ww-no-particle
ko: 저는 내일 한국어를 공부하겠어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-6-I-will-study-Korean-tomorrow.mp3
en: I will study Korean tomorrow.
how_much:
- notes: &adverb |
<p>When adding these types of adverbs to sentences, no particle needs to be attached.</p>
<p>While other adverbs are generally free to be placed anywhere in a sentence, adverbs like this that indicate a degree to which something is done are typically placed immediately before the verb.</p>
ko: 저는 저의 친구를 자주 만나요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-4I-meet-my-friend-often.mp3
en: I meet my friend often
- notes: *adverb
ko: 저는 밥을 많이 먹었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-5I-ate-a-lot-of-food-rice.mp3
en: I ate a lot of food (rice)
- notes: *adverb
ko: 저는 집에 바로 갔어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-6I-went-home-immediately.mp3
en: I went home immediately
- notes: *adverb
ko: 저는 숙제를 빨리 했어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-7I-did-my-homework-quickly.mp3
en: I did my homework quickly
- notes: &a-lot |
많다/많이 essentially have the same meaning aside from the fact that one is an adverb and one is an adjective. Most of the time, the difference between the adjective and adverb form is very clear, but with 많이/많다, the meaning is similar.
ko: 저는 많은 밥을 먹었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-8I-ate-a-lot-of-rice.mp3
en: I ate a lot of rice
- notes: *a-lot
ko: 저는 밥을 많이 먹었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-9I-ate-a-lot-of-rice.mp3
en: I ate a lot of rice.
- ko: 저는 조용하게 먹었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-7-I-ate-quietly.mp3
en: I ate quietly
- ko: 저는 거리를 안전하게 건넜어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-8-I-crossed-the-street-safely.mp3
en: I crossed the street safely
- ko: 저는 행복하게 살았어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/9-I-lived-happily.mp3
en: I lived happily
- notes: &multiple-adverbs |
<p>You can use more than one adverb in a sentence.</p>
<p>Though you can do that, using two adverbs that indicate the ‘degree of something’ is generally not done in Korean.</p>
ko: 저는 매우 빨리 달렸어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-10-I-ran-really-quickly.mp3
en: I ran really quickly
- notes: *multiple-adverbs
ko: 저는 빨리 먹었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-11-I-ate-fast.mp3
en: I ate fast
- notes: *multiple-adverbs
ko: 저는 바로 떠났어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-12-I-left-immediately.mp3
en: I left immediately
- notes: *multiple-adverbs
ko: 저는 저의 친구를 목요일에 자주 만나요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-13-I-often-meet-my-friend-on-Thursday.mp3
en: I often meet my friend on Thursday
- notes: *multiple-adverbs
ko: 저는 가끔 너무 많이 먹어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-14-I-eat-too-much-someitmes.mp3
en: I eat too much sometimes
negative:
- notes: &neg-before |
<p>There are two ways you can make a sentence negative:</p>
<p>1. By adding 안, which acts as an adverb in the sentence. 안 is typically placed immediately before the final verb or adjective.</p>
ko: 그 여자는 안 예뻐요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-10That-girl-isnt-pretty.mp3
en: That girl isn’t pretty
- notes: *neg-before
ko: 저는 생선을 안 좋아해요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-21-I-dont-like-fish.mp3
en: I don’t like fish
- notes: *neg-before
ko: 저는 내일 학교에 안 가겠어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-19-Im-not-going-to-school-tomorrow.mp3
en: I’m not going to school tomorrow
- notes: &neg-final |
<p>There are two ways you can make a sentence negative:</p>
<p>2. By adding ~지 않다 to the stem of the final verb or adjective. 않다 then becomes the verb or adjective in that sentence and must be conjugated accordingly.</p>
ko: 그 여자는 예쁘지 않아요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-11That-girl-isnt-pretty.mp3
en: That girl isn’t pretty
- notes: *neg-final
ko: 저는 생선을 좋아하지 않아요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-22-I-dont-like-fish.mp3
en: I don’t like fish
- notes: *neg-final
ko: 저는 내일 학교에 가지 않겠어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-20-Im-not-going-to-school-tomorrow.mp3
en: I’m not going to school tomorrow
- notes:
- &neg-before-separator |
When indicating that one “does not do” a ~하다 verb, it is common to separate ~하다 from the noun and place “안” in between them.
- "Instead of: 저는 안 공부했어요"
ko: 저는 공부를 안 했어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent7.mp3
en: I didn’t study
- ko: 저는 실수를 안 했어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent8.mp3
en: I didn’t make (do) a mistake
notes:
- *neg-before-separator
- "Instead of: 저는 안 실수했어요"
- ko: 저는 여행을 안 했어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent.mp3
en: I didn’t travel
notes:
- *neg-before-separator
- "Instead of: 저는 안 여행했어요"
- notes: &neg-final-separator |
It would also be appropriate to use the ~지 않다 form with these words. However, in these cases, it doesn’t matter if the noun is separated from ~하다 or not.
ko: 저는 공부하지 않았어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-16-I-didnt-study.mp3
en: I didn’t study
- notes: *neg-final-separator
ko: 저는 공부를 하지 않았어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent2.mp3
en: I didn’t study
- notes: *neg-final-separator
ko: 저는 실수하지 않았어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent3.mp3
en: I didn’t make a mistake
- notes: *neg-final-separator
ko: 저는 실수를 하지 않았어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent4.mp3
en: I didn’t make a mistake
- notes: *neg-final-separator
ko: 저는 여행하지 않았어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent5.mp3
en: I didn’t travel
- notes: *neg-final-separator
ko: 저는 여행을 하지 않았어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent6.mp3
en: I didn’t travel
- notes: &neg-no-separator |
<p>Many adjectives end in ~하다. It is unnatural to remove the ~하다 in these words and place “안” between them. You can’t separate an adjective and “act” on it with ~하다 because they are adjectives. For example, the following would be incorrect:</p>
<p>- 저는 행복을 안 해요 (This does not mean “I am not happy”)</p><p>However, you could use ~지 않다 on a -하다 adjective or place “안” before the word without separating it.</p>
ko: 저는 안 행복해요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent1.mp3
en: I am not happy
- notes: *neg-no-separator
ko: 저는 행복하지 않아요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-18-Im-not-happy.mp3
en: I am not happy
- notes: |
In most cases, it would be more natural to simply use an adverb that has the opposite meaning.
ko: 저는 밥을 천천히 먹었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-12I-ate-rice-slowly.mp3
en: I ate rice slowly
not_be:
- notes: &not-be |
Below are some examples, with possible conjugations of 아니다. You have learned how to conjugate verbs and adjectives, but you still haven’t learned how to conjugate 이다 and 아니다. You will learn this in the next lesson.
en: I am not a teacher
ko: 저는 선생님이 아니에요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-13I-am-not-a-teacher.mp3
- notes: *not-be
en: I am not your friend
ko: 나는 너의 친구가 아니야
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-14I-am-not-your-friend.mp3
- notes: *not-be
en: I am not a university student
ko: 저는 대학생이 아니에요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-15I-am-not-a-University-Student.mp3
not_have:
- notes: &not-have |
Just like how 아니다 is the opposite of 이다 – 없다 is the opposite of 있다. 없다 can indicate that one “does not have” something or that something “wasn’t at a particular location.”
ko: 저는 돈이 없어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/25-I-dont-have-money.mp3
en: I don’t have money
- notes: *not-have
ko: 저는 시간이 없어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/26-I-dont-have-time.mp3
en: I don’t have time
- notes: *not-have
ko: 우리는 차가 없어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-16We-dont-have-a-car.mp3
en: We don’t have a car
- notes:
- *not-have
- "To not be in a location:"
ko: 저의 친구는 지금 한국에 없어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/27-My-friend-is-not-in-Korea-now.mp3
en: My friend is not in Korea now
- notes:
- *not-have
- "To not be in a location:"
ko: 사람이 없었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/28-There-was-nobody-there.mp3
en: There was no people
not_like:
- notes: &dislike |
While we are talking about negative words, I want to talk about 싫어하다 quickly. “싫어하다” is a verb that is used to indicate that one dislikes something. 싫어하다 is the opposite of 좋아하다 (to like).
ko: 저는 과일을 싫어해요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/29-I-dislike-fruit.mp3
en: I dislike fruit
- notes: *dislike
ko: 저는 과일을 좋아해요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent9.mp3
en: I like fruit
- notes: &good |
In Lesson 3, you learned how 좋다 and 좋아하다 are different. I explained that 좋다 is an adjective (meaning “to be good”), and thus cannot act on an object.
ko: 그 선생님은 좋다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-teacher-is-good.mp3
en: That teacher is good
- notes: *good
ko: 이 학교는 좋다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/22.mp3
en: This school is good
- notes: |
싫다 is not used to mean “to not be good.” In order to indicate that something is “not good” (i.e. “bad”), the adjective 나쁘다 is commonly used. Instead, 싫다 is often used to indicate that one dislikes something (just like 싫어하다).
ko: 저는 과일이 싫어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-18I-dislike-fruit.mp3
en: I dislike fruit
---
# Lesson 8: Adverbs, Negative Sentences
@@ -1620,6 +1932,8 @@ You might also want to try listening to all of the words on loop with this [Voca
## Korean Adverbs
<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" />
To this point, you have studied Korean verbs and adjectives in great depth, but you have yet to learn much about Korean adverbs. First of all, what is an adverb? Adverbs are words in sentences that tell you when, where, or to what degree something is being done.
- When: I went to work on **Tuesday**
@@ -1630,6 +1944,10 @@ In this lesson, you will learn how to use adverbs in Korean sentences. Let’s g
### When and Where
---
<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="when_and_where" />
Anytime you put a word in a sentence that indicates when or where something is taking place, you must add the particle 에 to the end of that word. Keep in mind, however, that 에 is not the only particle that can go at the end of words of position or time. There are other particles that can go at the end of these words to indicate _from_ when/where something occurred, _until_ when/where, etc. For now, though, lets just talk about 에.
This is very important. Even though all places (park, house, hospital, school, office, room, kitchen, etc.) are _also_ nouns, when they are being talked about **as a place**, the particle 에 must be attached to them. Notice the difference between the following two sentences:
@@ -1662,6 +1980,10 @@ Korean people don’t add ~에 when using <TTS>오늘</TTS> (<span class="md spo
### To what degree/How much
---
<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="how_much" />
In addition to “when” and “where” adverbs, many adverbs can tell us to what degree something is being done. These adverbs usually (but not always) end in ‘ly’ in English:
- I ran _really quickly_
@@ -1733,6 +2055,8 @@ Though you can do that, using two adverbs that indicate the ‘degree of somethi
## Negative Sentences
<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="negative" />
There are two ways you can make a sentence negative:
1. By adding <TTS>안</TTS>, which acts as an adverb in the sentence. 안 is typically placed immediately before the final verb or adjective. For example:
@@ -1807,6 +2131,10 @@ Would be more naturally said as:
### To not be: <TTS>아니다</TTS>
---
<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="not_be" />
아니다 (to not be) is the opposite of the word 이다 (to be), but they are used a little bit differently. Remember that 이다 is always attached directly to a noun. For example:
- <TTS>나는 선생님이다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I am a teacher</span>
@@ -1817,7 +2145,7 @@ However, when using 아니다, the particle ~이/가 is attached to the noun, an
- <TTS>나는 선생님이 아니다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I am not a teacher</span>
- <TTS>나는 대학생이 아니다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I am not a university student</span>
Below are some examples, with possible conjugations of 아니다. You have learned how to conjugate verbs and adjectives, but you still haven’t learned how to conjugate 이다 and 아니다. You will learn this in [the next lesson](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/unit-1-lesson-9/).
Below are some examples, with possible conjugations of 아니다. You have learned how to conjugate verbs and adjectives, but you still haven’t learned how to conjugate 이다 and 아니다. You will learn this in [the next lesson](./09-conjugate-이다.md).
- 나는 선생님이 아니다 = <span class="md spoiler">I am not a teacher</span>
- (저는 선생님이 아니에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-13I-am-not-a-teacher.mp3" />)
@@ -1828,7 +2156,11 @@ Below are some examples, with possible conjugations of 아니다. You have learn
### To not have: <TTS>없다</TTS>
Just like how 아니다 is the opposite of 이다 – 없다 is the opposite of 있다. In [Lesson 5](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-5/), you learned some ways to use 있다. 없다 can indicate that one “does not have” something or that something “wasn’t at a particular location.” For example:
---
<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="not_have" />
Just like how 아니다 is the opposite of 이다 – 없다 is the opposite of 있다. In [Lesson 5](./05-tenses.md), you learned some ways to use 있다. 없다 can indicate that one “does not have” something or that something “wasn’t at a particular location.” For example:
To not have:
@@ -1843,12 +2175,16 @@ To not be in a location:
### To not like: <TTS>싫어하다</TTS> and <TTS>싫다</TTS>
---
<VocabQuiz fm-key="sentence" category="not_like" />
While we are talking about negative words, I want to talk about 싫어하다 quickly. “싫어하다” is a verb that is used to indicate that one dislikes something. 싫어하다 is the opposite of 좋아하다 (to like). For example:
- 저는 과일을 싫어해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/29-I-dislike-fruit.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I dislike fruit</span>
- 저는 과일을 좋아해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent9.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I like fruit</span>
In [Lesson 3](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-3/), you learned how 좋다 and 좋아하다 are different. I explained that 좋다 is <span class="md spoiler">an adjective</span> (meaning <span class="md spoiler">“to be good”</span>), and thus cannot act on an object. For example:
In [Lesson 3](./03-verbs.md), you learned how 좋다 and 좋아하다 are different. I explained that 좋다 is <span class="md spoiler">an adjective</span> (meaning <span class="md spoiler">“to be good”</span>), and thus cannot act on an object. For example:
- 그 선생님은 좋다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-teacher-is-good.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">That teacher is good</span>
- 이 학교는 좋다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">This school is good</span>
@@ -1857,7 +2193,7 @@ The adjective form of 싫어하다 is 싫다. However, contrary to what you prob
- 저는 과일이 싫어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-18I-dislike-fruit.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I dislike fruit</span>
Notice that because 싫다 is an adjective, it cannot act on an object, so the particles ~이/가 are attached to the noun. This type of sentence is a little bit too complex right now, so I don’t want to dig too deep into it. I discuss this more deeply in [Lesson 15](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-15/).
Notice that because 싫다 is an adjective, it cannot act on an object, so the particles ~이/가 are attached to the noun. This type of sentence is a little bit too complex right now, so I don’t want to dig too deep into it. I discuss this more deeply in [Lesson 15](./15-good-carry-similar.md).
Be careful to not make double negative sentences. Although technically grammatically correct, this one reads funny:
@@ -1872,7 +2208,7 @@ How about testing your knowledge on what you learned in the past 8 lessons with
No test today?
Then let me browse through the [next set of lessons (Lessons 9 – 16)](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/?page_id=268)!
Or, [take me directly to Lesson 9!](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/?page_id=502) Or,
Or, [take me directly to Lesson 9!](./09-conjugate-이다.md) Or,
[Click here for a workbook to go along with this lesson.](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/workbooks#Unit118)
## Summary