In the first sentence, “hospital” is the thing that you are building – so it is an object, which requires you to use the 을/를 particle.
+In the second sentence, the hospital is the place in which you went to – so it is a place, which requires it to have the 에 particle.
+ ko: 저는 병원을 지었어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-1I-built-a-hospital.mp3 + en: I built a hospital + + - notes: *ww-particle + ko: 저는 병원에 갔어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-2I-went-to-thea-hospital.mp3 + en: I went to the/a hospital + + - notes: *ww-particle + ko: 저는 병원을 공원 옆에 지었어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/1-I-built-a-hospital.mp3 + en: I built a hospital beside the park + + - notes: *ww-particle + ko: 저는 화요일에 가겠어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2-I-will-go-on-Tuesday.mp3 + en: I will go on Tuesday + + - notes: *ww-particle + ko: 저는 저녁에 공부했어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/3-I-studied-in-the-evening.mp3 + en: I studied in the evening + + - notes: *ww-particle + ko: 저는 가을에 공원 옆에 병원을 지었어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-3I-built-a-hospital-beside-the-park-in-the-fall.mp3 + en: I built a hospital beside the park in the fall + + - notes: | + The best part about Korean adverbs is that they can essentially be placed at any place in the sentence. The only place they cannot be placed is at the end of the sentence – because a sentence must always end in an adjective or verb. They could even be placed at the beginning of a sentence. + ko: 여름에 저는 공부하겠어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/5-I-will-study-in-the-summer.mp3 + en: I will study in the summer + + - notes: &ww-no-particle | + Korean people don’t add ~에 when using 오늘 (today), 내일 (tomorrow) and 어제 (yesterday) + ko: 저는 한국에 오늘 도착했어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-8-s1.mp3 + en: I arrived in Korea today + + - notes: *ww-no-particle + ko: 저는 도서관에 어제 갔어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-8-s2.mp3 + en: I went to the library yesterday + + - notes: *ww-no-particle + ko: 저는 내일 한국어를 공부하겠어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-6-I-will-study-Korean-tomorrow.mp3 + en: I will study Korean tomorrow. + + how_much: + - notes: &adverb | +When adding these types of adverbs to sentences, no particle needs to be attached.
+While other adverbs are generally free to be placed anywhere in a sentence, adverbs like this that indicate a degree to which something is done are typically placed immediately before the verb.
+ ko: 저는 저의 친구를 자주 만나요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-4I-meet-my-friend-often.mp3 + en: I meet my friend often + + - notes: *adverb + ko: 저는 밥을 많이 먹었어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-5I-ate-a-lot-of-food-rice.mp3 + en: I ate a lot of food (rice) + + - notes: *adverb + ko: 저는 집에 바로 갔어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-6I-went-home-immediately.mp3 + en: I went home immediately + + - notes: *adverb + ko: 저는 숙제를 빨리 했어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-7I-did-my-homework-quickly.mp3 + en: I did my homework quickly + + - notes: &a-lot | + 많다/많이 essentially have the same meaning aside from the fact that one is an adverb and one is an adjective. Most of the time, the difference between the adjective and adverb form is very clear, but with 많이/많다, the meaning is similar. + ko: 저는 많은 밥을 먹었어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-8I-ate-a-lot-of-rice.mp3 + en: I ate a lot of rice + + - notes: *a-lot + ko: 저는 밥을 많이 먹었어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-9I-ate-a-lot-of-rice.mp3 + en: I ate a lot of rice. + + - ko: 저는 조용하게 먹었어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-7-I-ate-quietly.mp3 + en: I ate quietly + + - ko: 저는 거리를 안전하게 건넜어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-8-I-crossed-the-street-safely.mp3 + en: I crossed the street safely + + - ko: 저는 행복하게 살았어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/9-I-lived-happily.mp3 + en: I lived happily + + - notes: &multiple-adverbs | +You can use more than one adverb in a sentence.
+Though you can do that, using two adverbs that indicate the ‘degree of something’ is generally not done in Korean.
+ ko: 저는 매우 빨리 달렸어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-10-I-ran-really-quickly.mp3 + en: I ran really quickly + + - notes: *multiple-adverbs + ko: 저는 빨리 먹었어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-11-I-ate-fast.mp3 + en: I ate fast + + - notes: *multiple-adverbs + ko: 저는 바로 떠났어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-12-I-left-immediately.mp3 + en: I left immediately + + - notes: *multiple-adverbs + ko: 저는 저의 친구를 목요일에 자주 만나요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-13-I-often-meet-my-friend-on-Thursday.mp3 + en: I often meet my friend on Thursday + + - notes: *multiple-adverbs + ko: 저는 가끔 너무 많이 먹어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-14-I-eat-too-much-someitmes.mp3 + en: I eat too much sometimes + + negative: + - notes: &neg-before | +There are two ways you can make a sentence negative:
+1. By adding 안, which acts as an adverb in the sentence. 안 is typically placed immediately before the final verb or adjective.
+ ko: 그 여자는 안 예뻐요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-10That-girl-isnt-pretty.mp3 + en: That girl isn’t pretty + + - notes: *neg-before + ko: 저는 생선을 안 좋아해요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-21-I-dont-like-fish.mp3 + en: I don’t like fish + + - notes: *neg-before + ko: 저는 내일 학교에 안 가겠어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-19-Im-not-going-to-school-tomorrow.mp3 + en: I’m not going to school tomorrow + + - notes: &neg-final | +There are two ways you can make a sentence negative:
+2. By adding ~지 않다 to the stem of the final verb or adjective. 않다 then becomes the verb or adjective in that sentence and must be conjugated accordingly.
+ ko: 그 여자는 예쁘지 않아요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-11That-girl-isnt-pretty.mp3 + en: That girl isn’t pretty + + - notes: *neg-final + ko: 저는 생선을 좋아하지 않아요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-22-I-dont-like-fish.mp3 + en: I don’t like fish + + - notes: *neg-final + ko: 저는 내일 학교에 가지 않겠어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-20-Im-not-going-to-school-tomorrow.mp3 + en: I’m not going to school tomorrow + + - notes: + - &neg-before-separator | + When indicating that one “does not do” a ~하다 verb, it is common to separate ~하다 from the noun and place “안” in between them. + - "Instead of: 저는 안 공부했어요" + ko: 저는 공부를 안 했어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent7.mp3 + en: I didn’t study + + - ko: 저는 실수를 안 했어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent8.mp3 + en: I didn’t make (do) a mistake + notes: + - *neg-before-separator + - "Instead of: 저는 안 실수했어요" + + - ko: 저는 여행을 안 했어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent.mp3 + en: I didn’t travel + notes: + - *neg-before-separator + - "Instead of: 저는 안 여행했어요" + + - notes: &neg-final-separator | + It would also be appropriate to use the ~지 않다 form with these words. However, in these cases, it doesn’t matter if the noun is separated from ~하다 or not. + ko: 저는 공부하지 않았어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-16-I-didnt-study.mp3 + en: I didn’t study + + - notes: *neg-final-separator + ko: 저는 공부를 하지 않았어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent2.mp3 + en: I didn’t study + + - notes: *neg-final-separator + ko: 저는 실수하지 않았어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent3.mp3 + en: I didn’t make a mistake + + - notes: *neg-final-separator + ko: 저는 실수를 하지 않았어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent4.mp3 + en: I didn’t make a mistake + + - notes: *neg-final-separator + ko: 저는 여행하지 않았어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent5.mp3 + en: I didn’t travel + + - notes: *neg-final-separator + ko: 저는 여행을 하지 않았어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent6.mp3 + en: I didn’t travel + + - notes: &neg-no-separator | +Many adjectives end in ~하다. It is unnatural to remove the ~하다 in these words and place “안” between them. You can’t separate an adjective and “act” on it with ~하다 because they are adjectives. For example, the following would be incorrect:
+- 저는 행복을 안 해요 (This does not mean “I am not happy”)
However, you could use ~지 않다 on a -하다 adjective or place “안” before the word without separating it.
+ ko: 저는 안 행복해요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent1.mp3 + en: I am not happy + + - notes: *neg-no-separator + ko: 저는 행복하지 않아요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-18-Im-not-happy.mp3 + en: I am not happy + + - notes: | + In most cases, it would be more natural to simply use an adverb that has the opposite meaning. + ko: 저는 밥을 천천히 먹었어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-12I-ate-rice-slowly.mp3 + en: I ate rice slowly + + not_be: + - notes: ¬-be | + Below are some examples, with possible conjugations of 아니다. You have learned how to conjugate verbs and adjectives, but you still haven’t learned how to conjugate 이다 and 아니다. You will learn this in the next lesson. + en: I am not a teacher + ko: 저는 선생님이 아니에요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-13I-am-not-a-teacher.mp3 + + - notes: *not-be + en: I am not your friend + ko: 나는 너의 친구가 아니야 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-14I-am-not-your-friend.mp3 + + - notes: *not-be + en: I am not a university student + ko: 저는 대학생이 아니에요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-15I-am-not-a-University-Student.mp3 + + not_have: + - notes: ¬-have | + Just like how 아니다 is the opposite of 이다 – 없다 is the opposite of 있다. 없다 can indicate that one “does not have” something or that something “wasn’t at a particular location.” + ko: 저는 돈이 없어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/25-I-dont-have-money.mp3 + en: I don’t have money + + - notes: *not-have + ko: 저는 시간이 없어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/26-I-dont-have-time.mp3 + en: I don’t have time + + - notes: *not-have + ko: 우리는 차가 없어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-16We-dont-have-a-car.mp3 + en: We don’t have a car + + - notes: + - *not-have + - "To not be in a location:" + ko: 저의 친구는 지금 한국에 없어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/27-My-friend-is-not-in-Korea-now.mp3 + en: My friend is not in Korea now + + - notes: + - *not-have + - "To not be in a location:" + ko: 사람이 없었어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/28-There-was-nobody-there.mp3 + en: There was no people + + not_like: + - notes: &dislike | + While we are talking about negative words, I want to talk about 싫어하다 quickly. “싫어하다” is a verb that is used to indicate that one dislikes something. 싫어하다 is the opposite of 좋아하다 (to like). + ko: 저는 과일을 싫어해요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/29-I-dislike-fruit.mp3 + en: I dislike fruit + + - notes: *dislike + ko: 저는 과일을 좋아해요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent9.mp3 + en: I like fruit + + - notes: &good | + In Lesson 3, you learned how 좋다 and 좋아하다 are different. I explained that 좋다 is an adjective (meaning “to be good”), and thus cannot act on an object. + ko: 그 선생님은 좋다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-teacher-is-good.mp3 + en: That teacher is good + + - notes: *good + ko: 이 학교는 좋다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/22.mp3 + en: This school is good + + - notes: | + 싫다 is not used to mean “to not be good.” In order to indicate that something is “not good” (i.e. “bad”), the adjective 나쁘다 is commonly used. Instead, 싫다 is often used to indicate that one dislikes something (just like 싫어하다). + ko: 저는 과일이 싫어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-18I-dislike-fruit.mp3 + en: I dislike fruit --- # Lesson 8: Adverbs, Negative Sentences @@ -1620,6 +1932,8 @@ You might also want to try listening to all of the words on loop with this [Voca ## Korean Adverbs +