polv/ko-grammar
1
0 Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Actions Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

lesson 14 remaining vocab

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
polv committed 2026-05-22 23:53:02 +07:00
1 parent 4dd8c6ad46
commit 7b9b5691dd
1 file changed
+59 -38
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/14-passive.md
+59 -38
View File
@@ -493,10 +493,11 @@ Examples:
<Details>
The active form of this word is “잠그다” (to lock)
The active form of this word is “<TTS>잠그다</TTS>” (<span class="md spoiler">to lock</span>)
Example:
문이 **잠겨 있어요** = The door is **locked**
- 문이 **잠겨 있어요** = <span class="md spoiler">The door is **locked**</span>
</Details>
@@ -504,10 +505,11 @@ Example:
<Details>
The active form of this word is “켜다” (to turn on)
The active form of this word is “<TTS>켜다</TTS>” (<span class="md spoiler">to turn on</span>)
Example:
컴퓨터가 **켜져** **있어요** = The computer is **(in the state of being) on**
- 컴퓨터가 **켜져** **있어요** = <span class="md spoiler">The computer is **(in the state of being) on**</span>
</Details>
@@ -515,10 +517,11 @@ Example:
<Details>
The active form of this word is “끄다” (to turn off)
The active form of this word is “<TTS>끄다</TTS>” (<span class="md spoiler">to turn off</span>)
Example:
TV가 **꺼져** **있어요** = The TV is **(in the state of being)** **off**
- TV가 **꺼져** **있어요** = <span class="md spoiler">The TV is **(in the state of being)** **off**</span>
</Details>
@@ -526,19 +529,23 @@ TV가 **꺼져** **있어요** = The TV is **(in the state of being)** **off**
<Details>
Notes: Words ending in 나다 can usually be switched to end in 내다 to change the meaning from passive to active (and vice-versa). However, not all words ending in 나다 have an equivalent 내다 verb (and vice-versa). 나다 and 내다 can be used as standalone verbs as well as be attached to other words. Both of their meanings are very complex and depend heavily on the situation. I discuss this more deeply in this lesson. Furthermore, a detailed list of many ways 나다 can be used is shown in [Lesson 128](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-6/lessons-126-133/lesson-128/).
Notes:
Words ending in 나다 can usually be switched to end in 내다 to change the meaning from passive to active (and vice-versa). However, not all words ending in 나다 have an equivalent 내다 verb (and vice-versa). 나다 and 내다 can be used as standalone verbs as well as be attached to other words. Both of their meanings are very complex and depend heavily on the situation. I discuss this more deeply in this lesson. Furthermore, a detailed list of many ways 나다 can be used is shown in [Lesson 128](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-6/lessons-126-133/lesson-128/).
Common Usages:
열이 나다 = to have a fever (for a fever to come up)
생각이 나다 = to think of (for a thought to come up)
기억이 나다 = to remember(for a memory to come up)
화가 나다 = to get angry (for anger to come up)
질투가 나다 = to get jealous (for jealously to come up)
짜증이 나다 = to be annoyed (for annoyance to come up)
- <TTS>열이 나다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to have a fever (for a fever to come up)</span>
- <TTS>생각이 나다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to think of (for a thought to come up)</span>
- <TTS>기억이 나다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to remember (for a memory to come up)</span>
- <TTS>화가 나다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to get angry (for anger to come up)</span>
- <TTS>질투가 나다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to get jealous (for jealously to come up)</span>
- <TTS>짜증이 나다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to be annoyed (for annoyance to come up)</span>
Examples:
좋은 생각이 **났어요**! = I **have** a good idea
우리 아들은 열이 **났어요** = My son **has** a fever
- 좋은 생각이 **났어요**! = <span class="md spoiler">I **have** a good idea</span>
- 우리 아들은 열이 **났어요** = <span class="md spoiler">My son **has** a fever</span>
</Details>
@@ -546,10 +553,11 @@ Examples:
<Details>
The active form of this word is “고장 내다” (break)
The active form of this word is “<TTS>고장 내다</TTS>” (<span class="md spoiler">to break</span>)
Example:
컴퓨터는 **고장 났어요** <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/43-1.mp3" /> = the computer is **broken**
- 컴퓨터는 **고장 났어요** <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/43-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">the computer is **broken**</span>
</Details>
@@ -558,8 +566,9 @@ Example:
<Details>
Example:
저의 여자 친구는 저한테 **화** **(** **가** **)** **났어요** = My girlfriend was **mad** at me
선생님을 존경하지 않으면 나는 **화가** **날** **거야** = If you don’t respect your teacher, I will be **mad**
- 저의 여자 친구는 저한테 **화(가) 났어요** = <span class="md spoiler">My girlfriend was **mad** at me</span>
- 선생님을 존경하지 않으면 나는 **화가** **날** **거야** = <span class="md spoiler">If you don’t respect your teacher, I will be **mad**</span>
</Details>
@@ -568,10 +577,10 @@ Example:
<Details>
Example:
저는 그가 너무 **짜증나요** = I am annoyed at him
수압이 너무 낮아서 우리 집에서 샤워를 하면 **짜증이** <strong>나요</strong>
= It is **annoying** showering at my house because the water pressure is too low
- 저는 그가 너무 **짜증나요** = <span class="md spoiler">I am **annoyed** at him</span>
- 수압이 너무 낮아서 우리 집에서 샤워를 하면 **짜증이 나요**
- <span class="md spoiler">It is **annoying** showering at my house because the water pressure is too low</span>
</Details>
@@ -581,14 +590,16 @@ Example:
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “노이다”
The active form of this word is “놓다” (to put down)
The active form of this word is “<TTS>놓다</TTS>” (<span class="md spoiler">to put down</span>)
Common Usages:
놓여 있다 = for something to be “lying” somewhere
- <TTS>놓여 있다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">for something to be “lying” somewhere</span>
Examples:
펜이 탁자에 **놓여** **있어요** = The pen is **on** the table (**lying** **on** the table)
책상에 책 몇 권이 **놓여** **있어요** = There are some books **on** the desk
- 펜이 탁자에 **놓여** **있어요** = <span class="md spoiler">The pen is **on** the table (**lying** **on** the table)</span>
- 책상에 책 몇 권이 **놓여** **있어요** = <span class="md spoiler">There are some books **on** the desk</span>
</Details>
@@ -596,25 +607,33 @@ Examples:
<Details>
The active form of this word is “열다” (to open)
The active form of this word is “<TTS>열다</TTS>” (<span class="md spoiler">to open</span>)
Common Usages:
열려 있다 = to be open
- <TTS>열려 있다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to be open</span>
Examples:
문이 **열려** **있어요** = The door is <strong>open(ed)</strong>
문이 **열려** 있을 것 같아요 = The door will probably be **open**
닫히다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v36.mp3" />= to be closed
- 문이 **열려** **있어요** = <span class="md spoiler">The door is <strong>open(ed)</strong></span>
- 문이 **열려** 있을 것 같아요 = <span class="md spoiler">The door will probably be **open**</span>
The active form of this word is “닫다” (to close)
</Details>
닫히다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v36.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be closed</span>
<Details>
The active form of this word is “<TTS>닫다</TTS>” (<span class="md spoiler">to close</span>)
Common Usages:
닫혀 있다 = to be closed
- <TTS>닫혀 있다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to be closed</span>
Examples:
문이 **닫혀** 있었어요 = The door was <strong>closed</strong>
문은 바람에 **닫혔어요** = The door was **closed** by the wind
- 문이 **닫혀** 있었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The door was <strong>closed</strong></span>
- 문은 바람에 **닫혔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">The door was **closed** by the wind</span>
</Details>
@@ -624,10 +643,11 @@ Examples:
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “속따”
The active form of this word is “속이다” (to trick)
The active form of this word is “<TTS>속이다</TTS>” (<span class="md spoiler">to trick</span>)
Example:
저는 친구에게 **속았어요** = I was **tricked** by my friend
- 저는 친구에게 **속았어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I was **tricked** by my friend</span>
</Details>
@@ -638,7 +658,8 @@ Example:
<Details>
Example:
저에게 왜 **자꾸** 전화해요? = Why do you keep calling me **over and over**?
- 저에게 왜 **자꾸** 전화해요? = <span class="md spoiler">Why do you keep calling me **over and over**?</span>
</Details>