diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/14-passive.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/14-passive.md index 9faff55..2082baa 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/14-passive.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/14-passive.md @@ -493,10 +493,11 @@ Examples:
-The active form of this word is “잠그다” (to lock) +The active form of this word is “잠그다” (to lock) Example: -문이 **잠겨 있어요** = The door is **locked** + +- 문이 **잠겨 있어요** = The door is **locked**
@@ -504,10 +505,11 @@ Example:
-The active form of this word is “켜다” (to turn on) +The active form of this word is “켜다” (to turn on) Example: -컴퓨터가 **켜져** **있어요** = The computer is **(in the state of being) on** + +- 컴퓨터가 **켜져** **있어요** = The computer is **(in the state of being) on**
@@ -515,10 +517,11 @@ Example:
-The active form of this word is “끄다” (to turn off) +The active form of this word is “끄다” (to turn off) Example: -TV가 **꺼져** **있어요** = The TV is **(in the state of being)** **off** + +- TV가 **꺼져** **있어요** = The TV is **(in the state of being)** **off**
@@ -526,19 +529,23 @@ TV가 **꺼져** **있어요** = The TV is **(in the state of being)** **off**
-Notes: Words ending in 나다 can usually be switched to end in 내다 to change the meaning from passive to active (and vice-versa). However, not all words ending in 나다 have an equivalent 내다 verb (and vice-versa). 나다 and 내다 can be used as standalone verbs as well as be attached to other words. Both of their meanings are very complex and depend heavily on the situation. I discuss this more deeply in this lesson. Furthermore, a detailed list of many ways 나다 can be used is shown in [Lesson 128](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-6/lessons-126-133/lesson-128/). +Notes: + +Words ending in 나다 can usually be switched to end in 내다 to change the meaning from passive to active (and vice-versa). However, not all words ending in 나다 have an equivalent 내다 verb (and vice-versa). 나다 and 내다 can be used as standalone verbs as well as be attached to other words. Both of their meanings are very complex and depend heavily on the situation. I discuss this more deeply in this lesson. Furthermore, a detailed list of many ways 나다 can be used is shown in [Lesson 128](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-6/lessons-126-133/lesson-128/). Common Usages: -열이 나다 = to have a fever (for a fever to come up) -생각이 나다 = to think of (for a thought to come up) -기억이 나다 = to remember(for a memory to come up) -화가 나다 = to get angry (for anger to come up) -질투가 나다 = to get jealous (for jealously to come up) -짜증이 나다 = to be annoyed (for annoyance to come up) + +- 열이 나다 = to have a fever (for a fever to come up) +- 생각이 나다 = to think of (for a thought to come up) +- 기억이 나다 = to remember (for a memory to come up) +- 화가 나다 = to get angry (for anger to come up) +- 질투가 나다 = to get jealous (for jealously to come up) +- 짜증이 나다 = to be annoyed (for annoyance to come up) Examples: -좋은 생각이 **났어요**! = I **have** a good idea -우리 아들은 열이 **났어요** = My son **has** a fever + +- 좋은 생각이 **났어요**! = I **have** a good idea +- 우리 아들은 열이 **났어요** = My son **has** a fever
@@ -546,10 +553,11 @@ Examples:
-The active form of this word is “고장 내다” (break) +The active form of this word is “고장 내다” (to break) Example: -컴퓨터는 **고장 났어요** = the computer is **broken** + +- 컴퓨터는 **고장 났어요** = the computer is **broken**
@@ -558,8 +566,9 @@ Example:
Example: -저의 여자 친구는 저한테 **화** **(** **가** **)** **났어요** = My girlfriend was **mad** at me -선생님을 존경하지 않으면 나는 **화가** **날** **거야** = If you don’t respect your teacher, I will be **mad** + +- 저의 여자 친구는 저한테 **화(가) 났어요** = My girlfriend was **mad** at me +- 선생님을 존경하지 않으면 나는 **화가** **날** **거야** = If you don’t respect your teacher, I will be **mad**
@@ -568,10 +577,10 @@ Example:
Example: -저는 그가 너무 **짜증나요** = I am annoyed at him -수압이 너무 낮아서 우리 집에서 샤워를 하면 **짜증이** 나요 -= It is **annoying** showering at my house because the water pressure is too low +- 저는 그가 너무 **짜증나요** = I am **annoyed** at him +- 수압이 너무 낮아서 우리 집에서 샤워를 하면 **짜증이 나요** + - It is **annoying** showering at my house because the water pressure is too low
@@ -581,14 +590,16 @@ Example: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “노이다” -The active form of this word is “놓다” (to put down) +The active form of this word is “놓다” (to put down) Common Usages: -놓여 있다 = for something to be “lying” somewhere + +- 놓여 있다 = for something to be “lying” somewhere Examples: -펜이 탁자에 **놓여** **있어요** = The pen is **on** the table (**lying** **on** the table) -책상에 책 몇 권이 **놓여** **있어요** = There are some books **on** the desk + +- 펜이 탁자에 **놓여** **있어요** = The pen is **on** the table (**lying** **on** the table) +- 책상에 책 몇 권이 **놓여** **있어요** = There are some books **on** the desk @@ -596,25 +607,33 @@ Examples:
-The active form of this word is “열다” (to open) +The active form of this word is “열다” (to open) Common Usages: -열려 있다 = to be open + +- 열려 있다 = to be open Examples: -문이 **열려** **있어요** = The door is open(ed) -문이 **열려** 있을 것 같아요 = The door will probably be **open** -닫히다 = to be closed +- 문이 **열려** **있어요** = The door is open(ed) +- 문이 **열려** 있을 것 같아요 = The door will probably be **open** -The active form of this word is “닫다” (to close) +
+ +닫히다 = to be closed + +
+ +The active form of this word is “닫다” (to close) Common Usages: -닫혀 있다 = to be closed + +- 닫혀 있다 = to be closed Examples: -문이 **닫혀** 있었어요 = The door was closed -문은 바람에 **닫혔어요** = The door was **closed** by the wind + +- 문이 **닫혀** 있었어요 = The door was closed +- 문은 바람에 **닫혔어요** = The door was **closed** by the wind
@@ -624,10 +643,11 @@ Examples: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “속따” -The active form of this word is “속이다” (to trick) +The active form of this word is “속이다” (to trick) Example: -저는 친구에게 **속았어요** = I was **tricked** by my friend + +- 저는 친구에게 **속았어요** = I was **tricked** by my friend @@ -638,7 +658,8 @@ Example:
Example: -저에게 왜 **자꾸** 전화해요? = Why do you keep calling me **over and over**? + +- 저에게 왜 **자꾸** 전화해요? = Why do you keep calling me **over and over**?