lesson 13 remaining grammar
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@@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ Remember, “my hands” are the method by which you did something, so, as you l
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## Particles (to): 에게/한테/께
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These three particles can all be used to indicate that you are doing (usually giving) something TO somebody. 에게, 한테 and 께 all have the same meaning, but ~한테 is usually used in conversation, ~에게 is usually written (although it is still said in conversation very often) and ~께 is used when the person you are giving something to requires respect (께 is the honorific form of 에게/한테).
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These three particles can all be used to indicate that you are doing (usually giving) something TO somebody. 에게, 한테 and 께 all have the same meaning, but ~한테 is usually used <span class="md spoiler">in conversation</span>, ~에게 is usually <span class="md spoiler">written</span> (although it is still said in conversation very often) and ~께 is used when the person you are giving something to requires <span class="md spoiler">respect</span> (께 is the honorific form of 에게/한테).
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- 아버지는 아들에게 돈을 준다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/29.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The father gives money to his son</span>
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- 나는 학생들한테 한국어를 가르쳤어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/30.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I taught Korean to the students</span>
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@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ These three particles can all be used to indicate that you are doing (usually gi
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*In the sentence above using ~*께*, a different verb (*말씀*) and grammatical form (*드리다*) would more likely be used to conjugate the sentence. At this point, you haven’t learned either of those words (or how they are used), so I refrained from using them in this example. These will be introduced in [Lesson 39](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-34-41/lesson-39/).* *For now, focus on the use of ~*께 _in this sentence._
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Note that just because you use ~께 doesn’t mean that your sentence needs to end in a polite way. ~께 is used when the person who is being given to is of high importance, regardless of who you are talking to. For example, if I was a teacher, talking to my student, talking about something being given TO the principal, I could say:
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Note that just because you use ~께 doesn’t mean that your sentence needs to end in a polite way. ~께 is used when the person who is being given to is of <span class="md spoiler">high importance</span>, regardless of who you are talking to. For example, if I was a teacher, talking to my student, talking about something being given TO the principal, I could say:
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- 나는 책을 교장선생님께 줬어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/32.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I gave the principal a book</span>
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@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ _Again, the word_ *“*드리다*” would most likely be used instead of* 주
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## Particles (from): ~에게서/한테서/(으)로부터
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You learned in [Lesson 12](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-12/) that ~에서 can be used to mean “from” in a wide variety of situations. ~에게서/한테서 can also have the translation of “from,” but they are used in a more restricted way.
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You learned in [Lesson 12](./12-more-particles.md) that ~에서 can be used to mean “from” in a wide variety of situations. ~에게서/한테서 can also have the translation of “from,” but they are used in a more restricted way.
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~에게서/한테서 has the meaning that is opposite of ~에게/한테/께, which means it is used when somebody receives something from somebody. These particles are attached to the person from whom one receives something. For example:
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@@ -784,13 +784,17 @@ The important thing is that the thing for which you are doing something must be
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Also make sure that you realize that ‘for’ can have many meanings in English. Just because you say ‘for’ in English, doesn’t mean that it can be translated directly to ~를/을 위해. In Korean, ~를/을 위해 means **for the benefit of.** For example, in this sentence:
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I am waiting for the bus – the ‘bus’ is the object which you are waiting for, so, in Korean, you attach the particle ~을/를 to ‘bus’ but not ~을/를 위해:
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- I am waiting for the bus
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나는 버스를 기다린다
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the ‘bus’ is the object which you are waiting for, so, in Korean, you attach the particle ~을/를 to ‘bus’ but not ~을/를 위해:
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This isn’t incredibly important right now, but I thought I’d mention it. “위해” is actually a verb, and the base form of the verb is 위하다. When ~아/어/여 is added to 위하다, it changes to 위하여. This was first presented in [Lesson 5.](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-5/#vpast) 하다 officially changes to 하여 when adding ~아/어/여, but this is commonly shortened to 해. Therefore, it is possible to use “위하여” instead of “위해.” Technically, this is possible in any word that finishes in ~하다, but it seems to be much more common with 위하다 than any other verb or adjective.
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- 나는 버스를 기다린다
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[Here is a Korean sign that shows ~을/를 위하여, and my explanation of it.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wMRfpE9JdUo)
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This isn’t incredibly important right now, but I thought I’d mention it. “위해” is actually a verb, and the base form of the verb is 위하다. When ~아/어/여 is added to 위하다, it changes to 위하여. This was first presented in [Lesson 5.](./05-tenses.md) 하다 officially changes to 하여 when adding ~아/어/여, but this is commonly shortened to 해. Therefore, it is possible to use “위하여” instead of “위해.” Technically, this is possible in any word that finishes in ~하다, but it seems to be much more common with 위하다 than any other verb or adjective.
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[Here is a Korean sign that shows ~을/를 위하여, and my explanation of it.]
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<YouTube id=wMRfpE9JdUo />
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## About something ~에 대해
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@@ -803,18 +807,18 @@ This isn’t incredibly important right now, but I thought I’d mention it. “
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Just like with ~을/를 위해서, there is very little (if any) difference between ~에 대해 and ~에 대해서. For example, the sentences above could all be written as:
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나는 너에 대해서 생각했어 = I thought about you
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나는 나의 아버지에 대해서 말했어 = I spoke about my father
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나는 그것에 대해서 책을 쓸 거야 = I will write a book about it
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그 회계사는 정부에 대해서 나쁜 말을 했어요 = That accountant said bad things about the government
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- 나는 너에 대해서 생각했어 = <span class="md spoiler">I thought about you</span>
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- 나는 나의 아버지에 대해서 말했어 = <span class="md spoiler">I spoke about my father</span>
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- 나는 그것에 대해서 책을 쓸 거야 = <span class="md spoiler">I will write a book about it</span>
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- 그 회계사는 정부에 대해서 나쁜 말을 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">That accountant said bad things about the government</span>
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One way that you cannot use ~에 대해 is in the following sentence:
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My favorite thing **about** you is your eyes.
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- My favorite thing **about** you is your eyes.
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I’d love to teach you that sentence in Korean, even though we haven’t covered the grammar, Ah, what the heck – I’ll show you – even though full understanding won’t come until [Lesson 28.](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-28/)
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너에 있어서 내가 가장 좋아하는 것은 너의 눈이야.
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- 너에 있어서 내가 가장 좋아하는 것은 너의 눈이야.
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Too complicated for you right now, the grammar within that sentence will be discussed in [Lesson 28](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-28/). Until then…
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