diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/13-and-with.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/13-and-with.md index 2a6a7b0..e4e4b10 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/13-and-with.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/13-and-with.md @@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ Remember, “my hands” are the method by which you did something, so, as you l ## Particles (to): 에게/한테/께 -These three particles can all be used to indicate that you are doing (usually giving) something TO somebody. 에게, 한테 and 께 all have the same meaning, but ~한테 is usually used in conversation, ~에게 is usually written (although it is still said in conversation very often) and ~께 is used when the person you are giving something to requires respect (께 is the honorific form of 에게/한테). +These three particles can all be used to indicate that you are doing (usually giving) something TO somebody. 에게, 한테 and 께 all have the same meaning, but ~한테 is usually used in conversation, ~에게 is usually written (although it is still said in conversation very often) and ~께 is used when the person you are giving something to requires respect (께 is the honorific form of 에게/한테). - 아버지는 아들에게 돈을 준다 = The father gives money to his son - 나는 학생들한테 한국어를 가르쳤어 = I taught Korean to the students @@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ These three particles can all be used to indicate that you are doing (usually gi *In the sentence above using ~*께*, a different verb (*말씀*) and grammatical form (*드리다*) would more likely be used to conjugate the sentence. At this point, you haven’t learned either of those words (or how they are used), so I refrained from using them in this example. These will be introduced in [Lesson 39](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-34-41/lesson-39/).* *For now, focus on the use of ~*께 _in this sentence._ -Note that just because you use ~께 doesn’t mean that your sentence needs to end in a polite way. ~께 is used when the person who is being given to is of high importance, regardless of who you are talking to. For example, if I was a teacher, talking to my student, talking about something being given TO the principal, I could say: +Note that just because you use ~께 doesn’t mean that your sentence needs to end in a polite way. ~께 is used when the person who is being given to is of high importance, regardless of who you are talking to. For example, if I was a teacher, talking to my student, talking about something being given TO the principal, I could say: - 나는 책을 교장선생님께 줬어 = I gave the principal a book @@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ _Again, the word_ *“*드리다*” would most likely be used instead of* 주 ## Particles (from): ~에게서/한테서/(으)로부터 -You learned in [Lesson 12](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-12/) that ~에서 can be used to mean “from” in a wide variety of situations. ~에게서/한테서 can also have the translation of “from,” but they are used in a more restricted way. +You learned in [Lesson 12](./12-more-particles.md) that ~에서 can be used to mean “from” in a wide variety of situations. ~에게서/한테서 can also have the translation of “from,” but they are used in a more restricted way. ~에게서/한테서 has the meaning that is opposite of ~에게/한테/께, which means it is used when somebody receives something from somebody. These particles are attached to the person from whom one receives something. For example: @@ -784,13 +784,17 @@ The important thing is that the thing for which you are doing something must be Also make sure that you realize that ‘for’ can have many meanings in English. Just because you say ‘for’ in English, doesn’t mean that it can be translated directly to ~를/을 위해. In Korean, ~를/을 위해 means **for the benefit of.** For example, in this sentence: -I am waiting for the bus – the ‘bus’ is the object which you are waiting for, so, in Korean, you attach the particle ~을/를 to ‘bus’ but not ~을/를 위해: +- I am waiting for the bus -나는 버스를 기다린다 +the ‘bus’ is the object which you are waiting for, so, in Korean, you attach the particle ~을/를 to ‘bus’ but not ~을/를 위해: -This isn’t incredibly important right now, but I thought I’d mention it. “위해” is actually a verb, and the base form of the verb is 위하다. When ~아/어/여 is added to 위하다, it changes to 위하여. This was first presented in [Lesson 5.](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-5/#vpast) 하다 officially changes to 하여 when adding ~아/어/여, but this is commonly shortened to 해. Therefore, it is possible to use “위하여” instead of “위해.” Technically, this is possible in any word that finishes in ~하다, but it seems to be much more common with 위하다 than any other verb or adjective. +- 나는 버스를 기다린다 -[Here is a Korean sign that shows ~을/를 위하여, and my explanation of it.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wMRfpE9JdUo) +This isn’t incredibly important right now, but I thought I’d mention it. “위해” is actually a verb, and the base form of the verb is 위하다. When ~아/어/여 is added to 위하다, it changes to 위하여. This was first presented in [Lesson 5.](./05-tenses.md) 하다 officially changes to 하여 when adding ~아/어/여, but this is commonly shortened to 해. Therefore, it is possible to use “위하여” instead of “위해.” Technically, this is possible in any word that finishes in ~하다, but it seems to be much more common with 위하다 than any other verb or adjective. + +[Here is a Korean sign that shows ~을/를 위하여, and my explanation of it.] + + ## About something ~에 대해 @@ -803,18 +807,18 @@ This isn’t incredibly important right now, but I thought I’d mention it. “ Just like with ~을/를 위해서, there is very little (if any) difference between ~에 대해 and ~에 대해서. For example, the sentences above could all be written as: -나는 너에 대해서 생각했어 = I thought about you -나는 나의 아버지에 대해서 말했어 = I spoke about my father -나는 그것에 대해서 책을 쓸 거야 = I will write a book about it -그 회계사는 정부에 대해서 나쁜 말을 했어요 = That accountant said bad things about the government +- 나는 너에 대해서 생각했어 = I thought about you +- 나는 나의 아버지에 대해서 말했어 = I spoke about my father +- 나는 그것에 대해서 책을 쓸 거야 = I will write a book about it +- 그 회계사는 정부에 대해서 나쁜 말을 했어요 = That accountant said bad things about the government One way that you cannot use ~에 대해 is in the following sentence: -My favorite thing **about** you is your eyes. +- My favorite thing **about** you is your eyes. I’d love to teach you that sentence in Korean, even though we haven’t covered the grammar, Ah, what the heck – I’ll show you – even though full understanding won’t come until [Lesson 28.](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-28/) -너에 있어서 내가 가장 좋아하는 것은 너의 눈이야. +- 너에 있어서 내가 가장 좋아하는 것은 너의 눈이야. Too complicated for you right now, the grammar within that sentence will be discussed in [Lesson 28](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-28/). Until then…