lesson 13 nouns

docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/13-and-with.md

@@ -9,21 +9,27 @@
 <Details>
 
 Common usages:
-사실을 인정하다 = to admit the truth
-그것이 사실이다 = that is the truth
-사실은… = the fact is…
 
-Notes: Often used at the start of sentences to mean “actually…” When used like this, it is common to colloquially say “실은…”
+- <TTS>사실을 인정하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to admit the truth</span>
+- <TTS>그것이 사실이다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">that is the truth</span>
+- <TTS>사실은…</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the fact is…</span>
+
+Notes:
+
+Often used at the start of sentences to mean “actually…” When used like this, it is common to colloquially say “실은…”
 
 Also commonly used as the noun in a quoted version of ~는 것. For example:
-그녀는 아이가 죽었다는 **사실**을 숨겼어요 = She hid (the **fact** that) her child died
+
+- 그녀는 아이가 죽었다는 **사실**을 숨겼어요 = <span class="md spoiler">She hid (the **fact** that) her child died</span>
+
 See [Lesson 52](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-3-lessons-51-58/lesson-52/) for more information on this.
 
 It can also be used to literally mean “fact”
-그것은 **사실**이에요? = Is that **true**? (is that a **fact**?)
+
-저는 그 **사실**을 백과사전에 찾았어요 = I looked up that **fact** in an encyclopedia
+- 그것은 **사실**이에요? = <span class="md spoiler">Is that **true**? (is that a **fact**?)</span>
-이 **사실**을 부장님께 알려 줘야겠어요 = I guess I should tell the boss (about) that <strong>fact</strong>
+- 저는 그 **사실**을 백과사전에 찾았어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I looked up that **fact** in an encyclopedia</span>
-저는 부장님에게 그 **사실**을 말할 거예요 = I will tell that (**fact**) to my boss
+- 이 **사실**을 부장님께 알려 줘야겠어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I guess I should tell the boss (about) that <strong>fact</strong></span>
+- 저는 부장님에게 그 **사실**을 말할 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I will tell that (**fact**) to my boss</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -32,16 +38,18 @@ It can also be used to literally mean “fact”
 <Details>
 
 Common Usages:
-약국 = pharmacy
+
-약사 = pharmacist
+- <TTS>약국</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">pharmacy</span>
-약을 먹다 = to take medicine
+- <TTS>약사</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">pharmacist</span>
-치약 = toothpaste
+- <TTS>약을 먹다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to take medicine</span>
-약을 짓다/처방하다 = to prescribe medicine
+- <TTS>치약</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">toothpaste</span>
+- <TTS>약을 짓다</TTS> / <TTS>약을 처방하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to prescribe medicine</span>
 
 Examples:
-이렇게 아프면 **약**을 먹어야 돼요! = If you are this sick, you should take some **medicine**!
+
-저는 이 약을 하루에 두 번 먹어요 = I eat (take) this medicine twice per day
+- 이렇게 아프면 **약**을 먹어야 돼요! = <span class="md spoiler">If you are this sick, you should take some **medicine**!</span>
-**약**을 안 먹는다면 열이 나빠질 수도 있어요 = If you don’t eat/take this **medicine**, the fever could get worse
+- 저는 이 **약**을 하루에 두 번 먹어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I eat (take) this **medicine** twice per day</span>
+- **약**을 안 먹는다면 열이 나빠질 수도 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">If you don’t eat/take this **medicine**, the fever could get worse</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -50,16 +58,18 @@ Examples:
 <Details>
 
 Common Usages:
-음악가 = musician
+
-음악을 듣다 = to listen to music
+- <TTS>음악가</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">musician</span>
-음악을 녹음하다 = to record music
+- <TTS>음악을 듣다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to listen to music</span>
-음악을 틀다 = to turn on music
+- <TTS>음악을 녹음하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to record music</span>
-음악을 연주하다 = to play music (with an instrument)
+- <TTS>음악을 틀다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to turn on music</span>
+- <TTS>음악을 연주하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to play music (with an instrument)</span>
 
 Example:
-저는 **음악**을 듣는 것을 좋아요 = I like listening to <strong>music</strong>
+
-저는 **음악**을 듣고 있어요 = I am listening to <strong>music</strong>
+- 저는 **음악**을 듣는 것을 좋아요 = <span class="md spoiler">I like listening to <strong>music</strong></span>
-우리는 **음악**을 같이 들었어요 = We listened to **music** together
+- 저는 **음악**을 듣고 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I am listening to <strong>music</strong></span>
+- 우리는 **음악**을 같이 들었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">We listened to **music** together</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -68,16 +78,23 @@ Example:
 <Details>
 
 Common Usages:
-하늘만큼 땅만큼 = An idiom that is like saying “thiiiiissss much” For example:
+
-나는 너를 하늘만큼 땅만큼 사랑해 = I love you thiiiiiissss much.”
+- <TTS>하늘만큼 땅만큼</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">An idiom that is like saying “thiiiiissss much”</span>
-More literally, “as much as the earth and the sky”
+
-하느님 = Literally, the “respected one in the sky”
+For example:
+
+- <TTS>나는 너를 하늘만큼 땅만큼 사랑해</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I love you thiiiiiissss much.”</span>
+
+More literally, “<span class="md spoiler">as much as the earth and the sky</span>”
+
+- <TTS>하느님</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Literally, the “respected one in the sky”</span>
 
 Examples:
-**하늘**에 비행기가 있어요 = There is a plane in the <strong>sky
+
-하늘</strong>에 별이 많아요 = There are many stars in the <strong>sky</strong>
+- **하늘**에 비행기가 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">There is a plane in the **sky**</span>
-이것을 **하늘**로부터 받았어요 = I received this from the <strong>sky (heavens)</strong>
+- **하늘**에 별이 많아요 = <span class="md spoiler">There are many stars in the <strong>sky</strong></span>
-비가 온 다음 날에 **하늘**은 보라색으로 바꿨어요 = The **sky** turned purple the day after the rain
+- 이것을 **하늘**로부터 받았어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I received this from the <strong>sky (heavens)</strong></span>
+- 비가 온 다음 날에 **하늘**은 보라색으로 바꿨어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The **sky** turned purple the day after the rain</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -86,13 +103,17 @@ Examples:
 <Details>
 
 Common Usages:
-땅값 = the price of land
-땅콩 = peanut
 
-Notes: ‘독도는 우리땅이다’ is a famous saying that Korean people use to express that Dokdo, the disputed territory between Korea and Japan belongs to Korea. This was written on a sign by a fan during the 2012 Olympics in London and when the Korean team one, a Korean player took the sign and ran around the field with it. The player got in a lot of trouble for bringing political elements into the Olympics. By the way, Dokdo does belong to Korea.
+- <TTS>땅값</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the price of land</span>
+- <TTS>땅콩</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">peanut</span>
+
+Notes:
+
+‘<TTS>독도는 우리땅이다</TTS>’ is a famous saying that Korean people use to express that <span class="md spoiler">Dokdo</span>, the disputed territory between Korea and Japan belongs to Korea. This was written on a sign by a fan during the 2012 Olympics in London and when the Korean team one, a Korean player took the sign and ran around the field with it. The player got in a lot of trouble for bringing political elements into the Olympics. By the way, <span class="md spoiler">Dokdo does belong to Korea</span>.
 
 Example:
-한국은 다른 나라보다 **땅**이 작아요 = Korea’s **land** is small compared to other countries
+
+- 한국은 다른 나라보다 **땅**이 작아요 = <span class="md spoiler">Korea’s **land** is small compared to other countries</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -101,12 +122,14 @@ Example:
 <Details>
 
 Common Usages:
-지하철 underground railway/subway
+
-지하층 = underground floor, basement
+- <TTS>지하철</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">underground railway/subway</span>
-지하 주차장 = underground parking lot
+- <TTS>지하층</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">underground floor, basement</span>
+- <TTS>지하 주차장</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">underground parking lot</span>
 
 Examples:
-차는 지하 **주차장**에 있어요 = The car is in the **underground** parking lot
+
+- 차는 지하 **주차장**에 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The car is in the **underground** parking lot</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -115,14 +138,16 @@ Examples:
 <Details>
 
 Common Usages:
-빵집 = bakery
+
-빵 껍질 = bread crust
+- <TTS>빵집</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">bakery</span>
+- <TTS>빵 껍질</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">bread crust</span>
 
 Example:
-저는 **빵**을 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat <strong>bread</strong>
+
-저는 친구를 위해 **빵**을 만들었어요 = I made **bread** for my friend
+- 저는 **빵**을 먹고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to eat <strong>bread</strong></span>
-우리는 **빵**을 같이 먹었어요 = We ate **bread** together
+- 저는 친구를 위해 **빵**을 만들었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I made **bread** for my friend</span>
-애기는 **밥**하고 빵을 먹었어요= The baby ate rice and **bread**
+- 우리는 **빵**을 같이 먹었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">We ate **bread** together</span>
+- 애기는 **밥**하고 빵을 먹었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The baby ate rice and **bread**</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -131,13 +156,15 @@ Example:
 <Details>
 
 Common Usages:
-쓰레기통 = garbage can
+
-쓰레기 봉투 = garbage bag
+- <TTS>쓰레기통</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">garbage can</span>
+- <TTS>쓰레기 봉투</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">garbage bag</span>
 
 Examples:
-**쓰레기**를 버려 주세요 = Please throw out your <strong>garbage</strong>
+
-이 떡은 **쓰레기** 맛 같아 = This 떡 tastes like <strong>garbage
+- **쓰레기**를 버려 주세요 = <span class="md spoiler">Please throw out your <strong>garbage</strong></span>
-쓰레기</strong>는 월요일마다 수거된다 = **Garbage** is collected every Monday
+- 이 떡은 **쓰레기** 맛 같아 = <span class="md spoiler">This 떡 tastes like **garbage**</span>
+- **쓰레기**는 월요일마다 수거된다 = <span class="md spoiler">**Garbage** is collected every Monday</span>
 
 [This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.]
 
@@ -150,11 +177,13 @@ Examples:
 <Details>
 
 Common Usages:
-공인회계사 = public accountant
+
+- <TTS>공인회계사</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">public accountant</span>
 
 Examples:
-저는 **회계사**가 되고 싶어요 = I want to be an <strong>accountant</strong>
+
-그 회계사는 정부에 대해 나쁜 말을 했어요 = That accountant said bad things about the government
+- 저는 **회계사**가 되고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to be an <strong>accountant</strong></span>
+- 그 **회계사**는 정부에 대해 나쁜 말을 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">That **accountant** said bad things about the government</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -163,9 +192,10 @@ Examples:
 <Details>
 
 Examples:
-**녹차** 두 잔을 주세요 = Give me two cups of **green tea**, please
+
-**녹차**는 한국에서 유명해요 = **Green Tea** is famous in Korea
+- **녹차** 두 잔을 주세요 = <span class="md spoiler">Give me two cups of **green tea**, please</span>
-저는 약과 **녹차**만 샀어요 = I only bought medicine and **green tea**
+- **녹차**는 한국에서 유명해요 = <span class="md spoiler">**Green Tea** is famous in Korea</span>
+- 저는 약과 **녹차**만 샀어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I only bought medicine and **green tea**</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -174,14 +204,16 @@ Examples:
 <Details>
 
 Common Usages:
-잇몸 = gums
+
-이가 빠지다 = to lose a tooth
+- <TTS>잇몸</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">gums</span>
-이를 쑤시다 = use a toothpick to pick one’s teeth
+- <TTS>이가 빠지다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to lose a tooth</span>
-이를 빼다 = to get a tooth pulled
+- <TTS>이를 쑤시다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">use a toothpick to pick one’s teeth</span>
-이가 시리다 = that feeling when your teeth are cold
+- <TTS>이를 빼다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to get a tooth pulled</span>
+- <TTS>이가 시리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">that feeling when your teeth are cold</span>
 
 Example:
-치과의사는 저의 **이**를 두 개 뺐어요 = The dentist took out two of my **teeth**
+
+- 치과의사는 저의 **이**를 두 개 뺐어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The dentist took out two of my **teeth**</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -190,9 +222,10 @@ Example:
 <Details>
 
 Example:
-한국에서는 **정부**가 국립학교를 통제해요 = In Korea, the **government** controls the public schools
+
-한국 **정부**는 교통사고를 방지하려고 노력하고 있어요 = The Korean **government** is trying to prevent traffic accidents
+- 한국에서는 **정부**가 국립학교를 통제해요 = <span class="md spoiler">In Korea, the **government** controls the public schools</span>
-그 회계사는 정부에 대해 나쁜 말을 했어요 = That accountant said bad things about the government
+- 한국 **정부**는 교통사고를 방지하려고 노력하고 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The Korean **government** is trying to prevent traffic accidents</span>
+- 그 회계사는 **정부**에 대해 나쁜 말을 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">That accountant said bad things about the **government**</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -201,12 +234,14 @@ Example:
 <Details>
 
 Common Usages:
-성격 차이 = difference in personalities
+
+- <TTS>성격 차이</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">difference in personalities</span>
 
 Examples:
-그 사람의 성격은 좋아요 = That person’s personality is good
+
-우리의 **성격**은 달라요 = Our **personalities** are different
+- 그 사람의 **성격**은 좋아요 = <span class="md spoiler">That person’s **personality** is good</span>
-서울에서 사는 사람들의 **성격**은 너무 급해요= The people who live in Seoul have a very fast **personality** (rushed/impatient nature)
+- 우리의 **성격**은 달라요 = <span class="md spoiler">Our **personalities** are different</span>
+- 서울에서 사는 사람들의 **성격**은 너무 급해요 = <span class="md spoiler">The people who live in Seoul have a very fast **personality** (rushed/impatient nature)</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -215,15 +250,20 @@ Examples:
 <Details>
 
 Common Usages:
-높은 온도 = high temperature
-낮은 온도 = low temperature
-실내온도 = the temperature indoors)
-온도를 높이다 =increase the temperature
-온도를 내리다 =decrease the temperature
 
-Notes: The word 체온 is used to refer to one’s body temperature.
+- <TTS>높은 온도</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">high temperature</span>
+- <TTS>낮은 온도</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">low temperature</span>
+- <TTS>실내온도</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the temperature (indoors)</span>
+- <TTS>온도를 높이다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">increase the temperature</span>
+- <TTS>온도를 내리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">decrease the temperature</span>
 
-Example: 교실이 너무 더워서 **온도**를 내려도 돼요? = Because the classroom is too hot, may I lower the **temperature**?
+Notes:
+
+The word <TTS>체온</TTS> is used to refer to one’s body temperature.
+
+Example:
+
+- 교실이 너무 더워서 **온도**를 내려도 돼요? = <span class="md spoiler">Because the classroom is too hot, may I lower the **temperature**?</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -232,12 +272,16 @@ Example: 교실이 너무 더워서 **온도**를 내려도 돼요? = Because th
 <Details>
 
 Common Usages:
-커튼을 치다 = close the curtains
 
-Notes: Korean pronunciation of the word “curtain”
+- <TTS>커튼을 치다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">close the curtains</span>
+
+Notes:
+
+Korean pronunciation of the word “<span class="md spoiler">curtain</span>”
 
 Example:
-창문이 **커튼**으로 가려져 있어요 = The window is covered by the **curtains**
+
+- 창문이 **커튼**으로 가려져 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The window is covered by the **curtains**</span>
 
 </Details>
 
@@ -246,11 +290,14 @@ Example:
 <Details>
 
 Common Usages:
-숨을 쉬다 = to breathe
-숨을 내쉬다 = to exhale
-숨을 들이마시다 = to inhale
 
-Example: 공기가 나빠서 저는 **숨**을 못 쉬어요 = I can’t **breathe** because the air is bad
+- <TTS>숨을 쉬다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to breathe</span>
+- <TTS>숨을 내쉬다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to exhale</span>
+- <TTS>숨을 들이마시다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to inhale</span>
+
+Example:
+
+- 공기가 나빠서 저는 **숨**을 못 쉬어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I can’t **breathe** because the air is bad</span>
 
 </Details>