lesson 16 remaining vocab

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@@ -361,6 +361,232 @@ vocabulary:
en: The **world** economy is getting better these days en: The **world** economy is getting better these days
- ko: 전 **세계**에서 온 관광객들은 그 축제에 갔어요 - ko: 전 **세계**에서 온 관광객들은 그 축제에 갔어요
en: Tourists from all over the **world** went to that festival en: Tourists from all over the **world** went to that festival
- ko: 회화
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v33.mp3
en: conversation
notes: |
<p>"회화" is usually placed after the name of a language to refer to the conversation aspect of that language. It is not used to mean "to have a conversation." The words 이야기하다 or 대화하다 should be used for that meaning.</p>
examples:
- ko: 저는 중국어**회화** 수업을 듣고 있어요
en: I am taking a Chinese **conversation** class
- ko: 한국 학생들한테 영어**회화**는 중요하지 않아요
en: English **conversation** isn't important to Korean students
- ko: 문자
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v34.mp3
en: text message
notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "문짜"
examples:
- ko: 저는 저의 여자 친구한테 **문자**를 보냈어요
en: I sent a **text message** to my girlfriend
- ko: 슬기는 남자친구의 **문자**에 답장을 빨리 해요
en: Seulgi responds to **messages** from her boyfriend quickly
- ko: 핸드폰이 생기기 전에는 친구들과 **문자**를 보내는 대신에 쪽지를 주고 받았어요
en: Before cell phones, instead of sending **text messages** with friends, we exchanged notes
- ko: 하지만 바로 그때였다. 핸드폰이 울렸다. '아 누구지?' 핸드폰을 확인해 봤다. 그 **문자**는 바로 민호한테서 온 것이었다
en: But, it was right at that moment. My phone rang. Who could it be? I checked the phone. That **message** had come from none other than 민호.
- ko: 가슴
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v35.mp3
en: chest
notes: |
<p>Just like in English, this word can be used to refer to the general area of one's chest, or a woman's breasts. It can also be used to refer to one's "heart."</p>
examples:
- ko: 한국사람들이 **가슴**에 털이 없어요
en: Korean people don't have hair on their **chest**
- ko: 그 여자가 **가슴**이 커요
en: That woman has big **breasts**
- ko: 심장이 멈춘 듯이 **가슴**이 아파요
en: My **chest** hurts as if my heart has stopped
- ko: 당신의 눈을 응시할 때 **가슴이** 설레어요
en: When I gaze into your eyes, my **heart** flutters
- ko: "**가슴**이 떨릴 때는 심호흡을 깊게 하면 진정이 돼요"
en: When you are **nervous**, if you breathe deeply you can be calmed down
- ko: 제목
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v36.mp3
en: title of something (book, etc)
examples:
- ko: 그 책의 **제목**은 뭐에요?
en: What is the **title** of that book?
- ko: 근처
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v46.mp3
en: close/near by
notes: |
<p>근처 and 가깝다 are words that have similar meanings. 근처 is actually a noun but I feel it acts and feels like an adverb. 가깝다 is an adjective, which means it can predicate sentences and describe upcoming nouns. 근처 is most commonly used after a noun (like 위, 안, 밑, 뒤, etc…) to mean "close to…"</p>
<p>It can also be used to generally just mean "close" to here. In these cases, 여기 can be omitted.</p>
examples:
- ko: 대학로 **근처**에 극장이 많아요
en: There are a lot of theaters **near** 대학로
- ko: 저의 친구는 (여기) **근처**에 살아요
en: My friend lives **close** (to here)
- ko: 나중
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lesson-16-38.mp3
en: later
examples:
- ko: 저는 숙제를 **나중에** 할 거예요
en: I am going to do my homework **later**
- ko: "나중에** 밥이 없을 거라서 저는 지금 먹고 싶어요"
en: There will not be any food **later**, therefore, I want to eat now
- ko: 선생님! 이 문제를 파악할 수 없어요. **나중**에 선생님의 교무실에 가도 돼요?
en: Teacher! I can't grasp/understand this problem. May I go to your office **later**?
- ko: 대학교 때 자유롭게 공부하고 싶으면 지도교사가 전공을 **나중**에 선택하라고 말했어요
en: If you want to study freely in university, my guidance counselor told me to choose my major **later**
- ko: 최근
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lesson-16-39.mp3
en: recently
notes: |
<p>This can be used before a noun to describe it. For example: "최근 날씨가 추워요" = "The recent weather is cold"</p>
<p>It can also be used with ~에 to generally mean "recently." For example: "최근에 사람이 많이 와요" = "Recently, many people have been coming"</p>
examples:
- ko: "**최근** 날씨가 추워요"
en: The **recent** weather is cold
- ko: "**최근에** 사람이 많이 와요"
en: "**Recently**, many people have been coming"
verbs:
- ko: 풀다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v37.mp3
en: to untie, to unfasten, to loosen
notes: 풀다 follows the ㄹ irregular
examples:
- ko: 운동은 스트레스를 **풀어요**
en: exercise **relieves** stress
- ko: 저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 **풀었어요**
en: I **solved** that math problem using a paper and a pencil
- ko: 이 붕대를 **풀자마자** 애기가 기어 다니기 시작해도 돼요
en: As soon as you **unravel** this bandage, the baby can start crawling around
- ko: 꿈꾸다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v38.mp3
en: to dream
examples:
- ko: 저는 어젯밤에 이상한 **꿈을 꿨어요**
en: I had a strange **dream** last night
- ko: 태어나다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v39.mp3
en: to be born
examples:
- ko: 저는 캐나다에서 **태어났어요**
en: I was **born** in Canada
- ko: 저는 한국에서 **태어난** 게 아니라 캐나다에서 태어난 교포예요
en: I wasn't **born** is Korea, I am a foreign-born Korean born in Canada
- ko: 가난한 집안에서 **태어나** 이렇게 큰 성공을 이룬 이 사람의 이야기는 신화와 같아요
en: The story of this person being **born** into a poor family and achieving this much success is like a myth/legend
- ko: 저는 한국에서 **태어났지만** 태어나고 바로 미국으로 이사해서 한국어를 알아들을 수 없어요. 그래서 한국어를 이제 배우기로 했어요.
en: I was **born** in Korea but moved to America right after I was born, so I can't understand Korean. Therefore, I decided to learn Korean now.
- ko: 다니다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v40.mp3
en: to go somewhere frequently
examples:
- ko: "어느 학교를 **다녀요**?"
en: What school do you **go to**?
- ko: 우리 딸은 그 고등학교를 **다녀요**
en: Our daughter **attends** that high school
- ko: 우리 어머니는 서울대학교를 **다녔어요**
en: Our mom **attended** Seoul University
- ko: 저는 6개월 동안 동남아시아에서 **돌아다녔어요**
en: I **wandered around** South East Asia for 6 months
- ko: 믿다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v41.mp3
en: to believe, to trust
notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "믿따"
examples:
- ko: 저는 그 사람을 **믿**을 수 없어요
en: I can't **believe/trust** that person
- ko: 저는 그런 사람을 **믿지** 않아요
en: I don't **trust** that type of person/those types of people
- ko: 관객은 대통령이 하는 말을 **믿지** 않았어요
en: The audience didn't **believe** what the president said
- ko: 옛날에 그리스인들은 여러 가지의 신을 **믿었어요**
en: A long time ago, Greek people **believed** in a variety of gods
- ko: 그 친구는 남의 말만 **믿고** 저를 무시했어요
en: That friend **believed** what other people said (about me), and ignored me
- ko: 그 생물 선생님이 종교를 **믿어서** 자기가 가르치는 내용을 안 **믿어요**
en: That biology teacher doesn't **believe** the content he teaches because he is religious (**believes** in a religion)
adjectives:
- ko: 가깝다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v42.mp3
en: to be close to, to be near
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "가깝따"</p>
<p>가깝다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
examples:
- ko: 저의 친구의 집은 **가까워요**
en: My friend's house is **close**
- ko: 저의 친구는 **가까운** 집에 살아요
en: literally – my friend lives in a **near** by house
- ko: 성수기가 **가까워질수록** 숙소비가 더 비싸져요
en: As it gets **closer** to the peak season, the price of accommodation gets more expensive
- ko: 그래서 나는 여행을 가기로 결심을 했다. 아일랜드와 지리적으로 매우 **가깝지만** 한 번 도 가지 않았던 영국에 가기로 결심했다
en: So, I decided to go traveling. I decided to go to England, which, although geographically very **close** to Ireland, I had not been to once.
- ko: 힘들다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v43.mp3
en: to be difficult to do something
notes: |
<p>This is a word that is difficult to translate. It's usually used on things that are physically straining. However, something mentally straining (like solving a math problem) could also be '힘들다' because those types of things might also elicit a physical response as well.</p>
<p>You'd be surprised how often you hear this word in Korean. Everything is '힘들다.'</p>
<ul>
<li>Going out for a walk: 아~ 힘들어!</li>
<li>Taking the subway: 아~ 힘들어!</li>
<li>Cooking a meal: 아~ 힘들어!</li>
</ul>
examples:
- ko: 학생들을 가르치는 것은 **힘들어요**
en: It is **hard** to teach students
- ko: 이 문제를 극복하는 것이 **힘들** **거예요**
en: It will be **difficult** to overcome this problem
- ko: 그 일이 **힘들지** 모르겠어요
en: I don't know if that work will be **difficult**
- ko: 소방 훈련이 **힘들어** 보여요
en: Firefighting training looks **difficult**
- ko: 저는 멀리 살고 있기 때문에 집까지 걸어가기 **힘들어요**
en: It is **difficult** to walk home because I live far
- ko: 오늘 너무 **힘들**어서 저는 따뜻한 목욕을 하고 싶어요
en: Today was really **difficult**, so I want to take a warm bath
- ko: 순수하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v44.mp3
en: to be pure
examples:
- ko: 그녀는 아주 **순수해** 보여요
en: She looks really **innocent**
- ko: 하얀색은 가장 **순수한** 색깔이에요
en: White is the **purest** color
adverbs:
- ko: 조금
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v45.mp3
en: a little
examples:
- ko: 저는 **조금** 먹었어요
en: I ate a **little**
- ko: 저는 **조금**만 먹었어요
en: I only ate a **little**
- ko: "**조금** 있다가 가자"
en: Let's go in a **bit**
- ko: "**조금** 더 앞으로 가 주세요"
en: Move a **little bit** more forward, please
- ko: 그러나
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v49.mp3
en: but/however
notes: |
<p>Used as a conjunctive adverb, usually between two sentences.</p>
examples:
- ko: 친구가 한국에 왔어요. **그러나**, 그녀를 만날 수 없었어요
en: My friend came to Korea. **However**, I couldn't meet her
- ko: 미연은 내게서 시선을 돌리며 텔레비전 화면을 쳐다봤다. **그러나** 화면 속 내용을 보고 있는 것 같지는 않았다
en: As 미연 removed her eyes from me, she stared at the TV screen. **However**, (despite the fact that she was looking at the TV, which would make you expect that she was actually watching the TV), she probably wasn't watching the TV
--- ---
# Lesson 16: Noun + \~적, \~적으로, \~적이다, \~스럽다 # Lesson 16: Noun + \~적, \~적으로, \~적이다, \~스럽다
@@ -919,21 +1145,25 @@ Examples:
</Details> </Details>
회화 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v33.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">conversation</span> 회화 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v33.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">-conversation</span>
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
영어회화 = English conversation
영어회화수업 = English conversation class
영어회화교사 = English conversation teacher
중국어회화 = Chinese conversation
Notes: “회화” is usually placed after the name of a language to refer to the conversation aspect of that language. It is not used to mean “to have a conversation.” The words 이야기하다 or 대화하다 should be used for that meaning. - <TTS>영어회화</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">English conversation</span>
- <TTS>영어회화수업</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">English conversation class</span>
- <TTS>영어회화교사</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">English conversation teacher</span>
- <TTS>중국어회화</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Chinese conversation</span>
Notes:
“회화” is usually placed after the name of a language to refer to the conversation aspect of that language. It is not used to mean “to have a conversation.” The words <TTS>이야기하다</TTS> or <TTS>대화하다</TTS> should be used for that meaning.
Examples: Examples:
저는 중국어회화 수업을 듣고 있어요 = I am taking a Chinese conversation class
한국 학생들한테 영어**회화**는 중요하지 않아요 = English **conversation** isn’t important to Korean students - 저는 중국어**회화** 수업을 듣고 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I am taking a Chinese **conversation** class</span>
- 한국 학생들한테 영어**회화**는 중요하지 않아요 = <span class="md spoiler">English **conversation** isn’t important to Korean students</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -944,20 +1174,17 @@ Examples:
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “문짜” The pronunciation of this word is closer to “문짜”
Common Usages: Common Usages:
문자를 보내다 = to send a text message
문자를 받다 = to receive a text message - <TTS>문자를 보내다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to send a text message</span>
문자에 답장하다 = to respond to a text message - <TTS>문자를 받다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to receive a text message</span>
- <TTS>문자에 답장하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to respond to a text message</span>
Examples: Examples:
저는 저의 여자 친구한테 **문자**를 보냈어요 = I sent a **text message** to my girlfriend
슬기는 남자친구의 **문자**에 답장을 빨리 해요 - 저는 저의 여자 친구한테 **문자**를 보냈어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I sent a **text message** to my girlfriend</span>
= Seulgi responds to **messages** from her boyfriend quickly - 슬기는 남자친구의 **문자**에 답장을 빨리 해요 = <span class="md spoiler">Seulgi responds to **messages** from her boyfriend quickly</span>
- 핸드폰이 생기기 전에는 친구들과 **문자**를 보내는 대신에 쪽지를 주고 받았어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Before cell phones, instead of sending **text messages** with friends, we exchanged notes</span>
핸드폰이 생기기 전에는 친구들과 **문자**를 보내는 대신에 쪽지를 주고 받았어요 - 하지만 바로 그때였다. 핸드폰이 울렸다. ‘아 누구지?’ 핸드폰을 확인해 봤다. 그 **문자**는 바로 민호한테서 온 것이었다 = <span class="md spoiler">But, it was right at that moment. My phone rang. Who could it be? I checked the phone. That **message** had come from none other than 민호.</span>
= Before cell phones, instead of sending **text messages** with friends, we exchanged notes
하지만 바로 그때였다. 핸드폰이 울렸다. ‘아 누구지?’ 핸드폰을 확인해 봤다. 그 **문자**는 바로 민호한테서 온 것이었다 = But, it was right at that moment. My phone rang. Who could it be? I checked the phone. That **message** had come from none other than 민호.
</Details> </Details>
@@ -966,16 +1193,20 @@ Examples:
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
닭가슴살 = chicken breast
Notes: Just like in English, this word can be used to refer to the general area of one’s chest, or a woman’s breasts. It can also be used to refer to one’s “heart.” - <TTS>닭가슴살</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">chicken breast</span>
Notes:
Just like in English, this word can be used to refer to the general area of <span class="md spoiler">one’s chest</span>, or <span class="md spoiler">a woman’s breasts</span>. It can also be used to refer to <span class="md spoiler">one’s “heart.”</span>
Examples: Examples:
한국사람들이 **가슴**에 털이 없어요 = Korean people don’t have hair on their **chest**
그 여자가 **가슴**이 커요 = That woman has big **breasts** - 한국사람들이 **가슴**에 털이 없어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Korean people don’t have hair on their **chest**</span>
심장이 멈춘 듯이 **가슴**이 아파요 = My **chest** hurts as if my heart has stopped - 그 여자가 **가슴**이 커요 = <span class="md spoiler">That woman has big **breasts**</span>
당신의 눈을 응시할 때 **가슴이** 설레어요 = When I gaze into your eyes, my **heart** flutters - 심장이 멈춘 듯이 **가슴**이 아파요 = <span class="md spoiler">My **chest** hurts as if my heart has stopped</span>
**가슴**이 떨릴 때는 심호흡을 깊게 하면 진정이 돼요 = When you are nervous, if you breathe deeply you can be calmed down - 당신의 눈을 응시할 때 **가슴이** 설레어요 = <span class="md spoiler">When I gaze into your eyes, my **heart** flutters</span>
- **가슴**이 떨릴 때는 심호흡을 깊게 하면 진정이 돼요 = <span class="md spoiler">When you are **nervous**, if you breathe deeply you can be calmed down</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -984,11 +1215,13 @@ Examples:
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
노래 제목 = the name of a song
책 제목 = the name of a book - <TTS>노래 제목</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the name of a song</span>
- <TTS>책 제목</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">the name of a book</span>
Example: Example:
그 책의 **제목**은 뭐에요? = What is the **title** of that book?
- 그 책의 **제목**은 뭐에요? = <span class="md spoiler">What is the **title** of that book?</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -1000,11 +1233,11 @@ Notes:
근처 and 가깝다 are words that have similar meanings. 근처 is actually a noun but I feel it acts and feels like an adverb. 가깝다 is an adjective, which means it can predicate sentences and describe upcoming nouns. 근처 is most commonly used after a noun (like 위, 안, 밑, 뒤, etc…) to mean “close to…” for example: 근처 and 가깝다 are words that have similar meanings. 근처 is actually a noun but I feel it acts and feels like an adverb. 가깝다 is an adjective, which means it can predicate sentences and describe upcoming nouns. 근처 is most commonly used after a noun (like 위, 안, 밑, 뒤, etc…) to mean “close to…” for example:
- 대학로 **근처**에 극장이 많아요 = There are a lot of theaters **near** 대학로 - 대학로 **근처**에 극장이 많아요 = <span class="md spoiler">There are a lot of theaters **near** 대학로</span>
It can also be used to generally just mean “close” to here. In these cases, 여기 can be omitted: It can also be used to generally just mean “close” to here. In these cases, 여기 can be omitted:
- 저의 친구는 (여기) **근처**에 살아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/5-My-friend-lives-close-to-here.m4a" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My friend lives **close** (to here)</span> - 저의 친구는 (여기) **근처**에 살아요 = <span class="md spoiler">My friend lives **close** (to here)</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -1013,18 +1246,16 @@ It can also be used to generally just mean “close” to here. In these cases,
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
나중에 봐요 = See you later
나중에 하자 = Let’s do it later - <TTS>나중에 봐요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">See you later</span>
- <TTS>나중에 하자</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Let’s do it later</span>
Examples: Examples:
저는 숙제를 **나중에** 할 거예요 = I am going to do my homework **later
나중에** 밥이 없을 거라서 저는 지금 먹고 싶어요 = There will not be any food **later**, therefore, I want to eat now
선생님! 이 문제를 파악할 수 없어요. **나중**에 선생님의 교무실에 가도 돼요? - 저는 숙제를 **나중에** 할 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I am going to do my homework **later**</span>
= Teacher! I can’t grasp/understand this problem. May I go to your office **later**? - **나중에** 밥이 없을 거라서 저는 지금 먹고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">There will not be any food **later**, therefore, I want to eat now</span>
- 선생님! 이 문제를 파악할 수 없어요. **나중**에 선생님의 교무실에 가도 돼요? = <span class="md spoiler">Teacher! I can’t grasp/understand this problem. May I go to your office **later**?</span>
대학교 때 자유롭게 공부하고 싶으면 지도교사가 전공을 **나중**에 선택하라고 말했어요 - 대학교 때 자유롭게 공부하고 싶으면 지도교사가 전공을 **나중**에 선택하라고 말했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">If you want to study freely in university, my guidance counselor told me to choose my major **later**</span>
= If you want to study freely in university, my guidance counselor told me to choose my major **later**
</Details> </Details>
@@ -1032,11 +1263,15 @@ Examples:
<Details> <Details>
Notes: This can be used before a noun to describe it. For example: Notes:
최근 날씨가 추워요 = The recent weather is cold
This can be used before a noun to describe it. For example:
- **최근** 날씨가 추워요 = <span class="md spoiler">The **recent** weather is cold</span>
It can also be used with \~에 to generally mean “recently.” For example: It can also be used with \~에 to generally mean “recently.” For example:
Example: **최근에** 사람이 많이 와요 = **Recently**, many people have been coming
- **최근에** 사람이 많이 와요 = <span class="md spoiler">**Recently**, many people have been coming</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -1049,17 +1284,18 @@ Example: **최근에** 사람이 많이 와요 = **Recently**, many people have
풀다 follows the ㄹ irregular 풀다 follows the ㄹ irregular
Common Usages: Common Usages:
코를 풀다 = to blow one’s nose
스트레스를 풀다 = to relieve stress - <TTS>코를 풀다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to blow one’s nose</span>
문제를 풀다 = to solve a problem - <TTS>스트레스를 풀다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to relieve stress</span>
신발끈을 풀다 = to untie one’s shoes - <TTS>문제를 풀다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to solve a problem</span>
- <TTS>신발끈을 풀다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to untie one’s shoes</span>
Examples: Examples:
- 운동은 스트레스를 풀어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/1-exercise-relieves-stress.m4a" /> = <span class="md spoiler">exercise **relieves** stress</span> - &NoBreak;<TTS class="md">운동은 스트레스를 **풀어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">exercise **relieves** stress</span>
- 저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2-I-solved-that-math-problem-using.m4a" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I **solved** that math problem using a paper and a pencil</span> - &NoBreak;<TTS class="md">저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 **풀었어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **solved** that math problem using a paper and a pencil</span>
- 저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 = I **solved** that math problem using a paper and a pencil - 저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 **풀었어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **solved** that math problem using a paper and a pencil</span>
- 이 붕대를 **풀자마자** 애기가 기어 다니기 시작해도 돼요 = As soon as you **unravel** this bandage, the baby can start crawling around - 이 붕대를 **풀자마자** 애기가 기어 다니기 시작해도 돼요 = <span class="md spoiler">As soon as you **unravel** this bandage, the baby can start crawling around</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -1068,10 +1304,12 @@ Examples:
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
이상한 꿈을 꾸다 = to have a weird dream
- <TTS>이상한 꿈을 꾸다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to have a weird dream</span>
Example: Example:
저는 어젯밤에 이상한 **꿈을 꿨어요** = I had a strange **dream** last night
- 저는 어젯밤에 이상한 **꿈을 꿨어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I had a strange **dream** last night</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -1080,20 +1318,16 @@ Example:
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
태어났을 때부터 = since I was born/my whole life
한국에서 태어나다 = to be born in Korean - 태어났을 때부터 = <span class="md spoiler">since I was born/my whole life</span>
- 한국에서 태어나다 = <span class="md spoiler">to be born in Korean</span>
Example: Example:
저는 캐나다에서 **태어났어요** = I was **born** in Canada
저는 한국에서 **태어난** 게 아니라 캐나다에서 태어난 교포예요 - 저는 캐나다에서 **태어났어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I was **born** in Canada</span>
= I wasn’t **born** is Korea, I am a foreign-born Korean born in Canada - 저는 한국에서 **태어난** 게 아니라 캐나다에서 태어난 교포예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I wasn’t **born** is Korea, I am a foreign-born Korean born in Canada</span>
- 가난한 집안에서 **태어나** 이렇게 큰 성공을 이룬 이 사람의 이야기는 신화와 같아요 = <span class="md spoiler">The story of this person being **born** into a poor family and achieving this much success is like a myth/legend</span>
가난한 집안에서 **태어나** 이렇게 큰 성공을 이룬 이 사람의 이야기는 신화와 같아요 - 저는 한국에서 **태어났지만** 태어나고 바로 미국으로 이사해서 한국어를 알아들을 수 없어요. 그래서 한국어를 이제 배우기로 했어요. = <span class="md spoiler">I was **born** in Korea but moved to America right after I was born, so I can’t understand Korean. Therefore, I decided to learn Korean now.</span>
= The story of this person being **born** into a poor family and achieving this much success is like a myth/legend
저는 한국에서 **태어났지만** 태어나고 바로 미국으로 이사해서 한국어를 알아들을 수 없어요. 그래서 한국어를 이제 배우기로 했어요.
= I was **born** in Korea but moved to America right after I was born, so I can’t understand Korean. Therefore, I decided to learn Korean now.
</Details> </Details>
@@ -1102,17 +1336,19 @@ Example:
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
기어다니다 = to crawl around
돌아다니다 = to wander around - <TTS>기어다니다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to crawl around</span>
학교를 다니다 = to attend school - <TTS>돌아다니다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to wander around</span>
다녀오다 = to go, and then come back - <TTS>학교를 다니다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to attend school</span>
다녀오세요 = This can be used to say “goodbye,” as it literally translates to “to go somewhere, wander around, and then come back.” - <TTS>다녀오다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to go, and then come back</span>
- <TTS>다녀오세요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">This can be used to say “goodbye,” as it literally translates to “to go somewhere, wander around, and then come back.”</span>
Example: Example:
어느 학교를 **다녀요**? = What school do you **go to**?
우리 딸은 그 고등학교를 **다녀요** = Our daughter **attends** that high school - 어느 학교를 **다녀요**? = <span class="md spoiler">What school do you **go to**?</span>
우리 어머니는 서울대학교를 **다녔어요** = Our mom **attended** Seoul University - 우리 딸은 그 고등학교를 **다녀요** = <span class="md spoiler">Our daughter **attends** that high school</span>
저는 6개월 동안 동남아시아에서 **돌아다녔어요** = I **wandered** **around** South East Asia for 6 months - 우리 어머니는 서울대학교를 **다녔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">Our mom **attended** Seoul University</span>
- 저는 6개월 동안 동남아시아에서 **돌아다녔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **wandered around** South East Asia for 6 months</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -1124,23 +1360,18 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “믿따”
Common Usages: Common Usages:
신을 믿다 = To believe in god - <TTS>신을 믿다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">To believe in god</span>
종교를 믿다 = To have/believe in a religion - <TTS>종교를 믿다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">To have/believe in a religion</span>
저를 믿어 주세요 = (Please) Believe me! - <TTS>저를 믿어 주세요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">(Please) Believe me!</span>
Examples: Examples:
저는 그 사람을 **믿**을 수 없어요 = I can’t **believe/trust** that person
저는 그런 사람을 **믿지** 않아요 = I don’t **trust** that type of person/those types of people
관객은 대통령이 하는 말을 **믿지** 않았어요 = The audience didn’t **believe** what the president said
옛날에 그리스인들은 여러 가지의 신을 **믿었어요** - 저는 그 사람을 **믿**을 수 없어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I can’t **believe/trust** that person</span>
= A long time ago, Greek people **believed** in a variety of gods - 저는 그런 사람을 **믿지** 않아요 = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t **trust** that type of person/those types of people</span>
- 관객은 대통령이 하는 말을 **믿지** 않았어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The audience didn’t **believe** what the president said</span>
그 친구는 남의 말만 **믿고** 저를 무시했어요 - 옛날에 그리스인들은 여러 가지의 신을 **믿었어요** = <span class="md spoiler">A long time ago, Greek people **believed** in a variety of gods</span>
= That friend **believed** what other people said (about me), and ignored me - 그 친구는 남의 말만 **믿고** 저를 무시했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">That friend **believed** what other people said (about me), and ignored me</span>
- 그 생물 선생님이 종교를 **믿어서** 자기가 가르치는 내용을 안 **믿어요** = <span class="md spoiler">That biology teacher doesn’t **believe** the content he teaches because he is religious (**believes** in a religion)</span>
그 생물 선생님이 종교를 **믿어서** 자기가 가르치는 내용을 안 **믿어요**
= That Biology teacher doesn’t **believe** the content he teaches because he is religious (**believes** in a religion)
</Details> </Details>
@@ -1156,14 +1387,10 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “가깝따”
Examples: Examples:
- 저의 친구의 집은 **가까워요** <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/6-My-friends-house-is-close.m4a" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My friend’s house is **close**</span> - &NoBreak;<TTS class="md">저의 친구의 집은 **가까워요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">My friend’s house is **close**</span>
- 저의 친구는 **가까운** 집에 살아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/7-my-friend-lives-in-a-near-by-house.m4a" /> = <span class="md spoiler">literally – my friend lives in a **near** by house</span> - &NoBreak;<TTS class="md">저의 친구는 **가까운** 집에 살아요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">literally – my friend lives in a **near** by house</span>
- 성수기가 **가까워질수록** 숙소비가 더 비싸져요 = As it gets **closer** to the peak season, the price of accommodation gets more expensive
성수기가 **가까워질수록** 숙소비가 더 비싸져요 - 그래서 나는 여행을 가기로 결심을 했다. 아일랜드와 지리적으로 매우 **가깝지만** 한 번 도 가지 않았던 영국에 가기로 결심했다 = <span class="md spoiler">So, I decided to go traveling. I decided to go to England, which, although geographically very **close** to Ireland, I had not been to once.</span>
= As it gets **closer** to the peak season, the price of accommodation gets more expensive
그래서 나는 여행을 가기로 결심을 했다. 아일랜드와 지리적으로 매우 **가깝지만** 한 번 도 가지 않았던 영국에 가기로 결심했다
= So, I decided to go traveling. I decided to go to England, which, although geographically very **close** to Ireland, I had not been to once.
</Details> </Details>
@@ -1171,30 +1398,30 @@ Examples:
<Details> <Details>
Notes: This is a word that is difficult to translate. It’s usually used on things that are physically straining. However, something mentally straining (like solving a math problem) could also be ‘힘들다’ because those types of things might also elicit a physical response as well. Notes:
This is a word that is difficult to translate. It’s usually used on things that are physically straining. However, something mentally straining (like <span class="md spoiler">solving a math problem</span>) could also be ‘힘들다’ because those types of things might also elicit a physical response as well.
You’d be surprised how often you hear this word in Korean. *Every*thing is ‘힘들다.’ You’d be surprised how often you hear this word in Korean. *Every*thing is ‘힘들다.’
Going out for a walk: 아\~ 힘들어! - Going out for a walk: 아\~ 힘들어!
Taking the subway: 아\~ 힘들어! - Taking the subway: 아\~ 힘들어!
Cooking a meal: 아\~ 힘들어! - Cooking a meal: 아\~ 힘들어!
Common Usages: Common Usages:
힘든 일 = difficult work
힘들겠다! = That must be difficult! - <TTS>힘든 일</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">difficult work</span>
힘들어 죽겠다 = a common phrase people say “It’s so hard it’s like I’m going to die.” - <TTS>힘들겠다!</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">That must be difficult!</span>
- <TTS>힘들어 죽겠다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">a common phrase people say “It’s so hard it’s like I’m going to die.”</span>
Examples: Examples:
학생들을 가르치는 것은 **힘들어요** = It is **hard** to teach students
이 문제를 극복하는 것이 **힘들** **거예요** = It will be **difficult** to overcome this problem
그 일이 **힘들지** 모르겠어요 = I don’t know if that work will be **difficult**
소방 훈련이 **힘들어** 보여요 = Firefighting training looks **difficult**
저는 멀리 살고 있기 때문에 집까지 걸어가기 **힘들어요** - 학생들을 가르치는 것은 **힘들어요** = <span class="md spoiler">It is **hard** to teach students</span>
= It is **difficult** to walk home because I live far - 이 문제를 극복하는 것이 **힘들** **거예요** = <span class="md spoiler">It will be **difficult** to overcome this problem</span>
- 그 일이 **힘들지** 모르겠어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t know if that work will be **difficult**</span>
오늘 너무 **힘들**어서 저는 따뜻한 목욕을 하고 싶어요 - 소방 훈련이 **힘들어** 보여요 = <span class="md spoiler">Firefighting training looks **difficult**</span>
= Today was really **difficult**, so I want to take a warm bath - 저는 멀리 살고 있기 때문에 집까지 걸어가기 **힘들어요** = <span class="md spoiler">It is **difficult** to walk home because I live far</span>
- 오늘 너무 **힘들**어서 저는 따뜻한 목욕을 하고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Today was really **difficult**, so I want to take a warm bath</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -1203,8 +1430,9 @@ Examples:
<Details> <Details>
Example: Example:
그녀는 아주 **순수해** 보여요 = She looks really **innocent**
하얀색은 가장 **순수한** 색깔이에요 = White is the **purest** color - 그녀는 아주 **순수해** 보여요 = <span class="md spoiler">She looks really **innocent**</span>
- 하얀색은 가장 **순수한** 색깔이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">White is the **purest** color</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -1216,13 +1444,15 @@ Example:
Common Usages: Common Usages:
조금만 = only a little - 조금만 = <span class="md spoiler">only a little</span>
조금 있다(가) = in a bit (just a little bit later) - 조금 있다(가) = <span class="md spoiler">in a bit (just a little bit later)</span>
저는 **조금** 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/3-I-ate-a-little.m4a" /> = I ate a **little** Examples:
저는 **조금**만 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/4-I-only-ate-a-little.m4a" /> = I only ate a **little**
**조금** 있다가 가자 = Let’s go in a **bit - &NoBreak;<TTS class="md">저는 **조금** 먹었어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate a **little**</span>
조금** 더 앞으로 가 주세요 = Move a **little bit** more forward, please - &NoBreak;<TTS class="md">저는 **조금**만 먹었어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I only ate a **little**</span>
- **조금** 있다가 가자 = <span class="md spoiler">Let’s go in a **bit**</span>
- **조금** 더 앞으로 가 주세요 = <span class="md spoiler">Move a **little bit** more forward, please</span>
</Details> </Details>
@@ -1230,13 +1460,14 @@ Common Usages:
<Details> <Details>
Notes: Used as a conjunctive adverb, usually between two sentences. Notes:
Used as a conjunctive adverb, usually between two sentences.
Examples: Examples:
친구가 한국에 왔어요. **그러나**, 그녀를 만날 수 없었어요 = My friend came to Korea. **However**, I couldn’t meet her
미연은 내게서 시선을 돌리며 텔레비전 화면을 쳐다봤다. **그러나** 화면 속 내용을 보고 있는 것 같지는 않았다 - 친구가 한국에 왔어요. **그러나**, <span class="md spoiler">그녀를 만날 수 없었어요 = My friend came to Korea. **However**, I couldn’t meet her</span>
= As 미연 removed her eyes from me, she stared at the TV screen. **However**, (despite the fact that she was looking at the TV, which would make you expect that she was actually watching the TV), she probably wasn’t watching the TV - 미연은 내게서 시선을 돌리며 텔레비전 화면을 쳐다봤다. **그러나** 화면 속 내용을 보고 있는 것 같지는 않았다 = <span class="md spoiler">As 미연 removed her eyes from me, she stared at the TV screen. **However**, (despite the fact that she was looking at the TV, which would make you expect that she was actually watching the TV), she probably wasn’t watching the TV</span>
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