diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/16-relating-to.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/16-relating-to.md index 142efaa..2c622f8 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/16-relating-to.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/16-relating-to.md @@ -361,6 +361,232 @@ vocabulary: en: The **world** economy is getting better these days - ko: 전 **세계**에서 온 관광객들은 그 축제에 갔어요 en: Tourists from all over the **world** went to that festival + + - ko: 회화 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v33.mp3 + en: conversation + notes: | +

"회화" is usually placed after the name of a language to refer to the conversation aspect of that language. It is not used to mean "to have a conversation." The words 이야기하다 or 대화하다 should be used for that meaning.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 중국어**회화** 수업을 듣고 있어요 + en: I am taking a Chinese **conversation** class + - ko: 한국 학생들한테 영어**회화**는 중요하지 않아요 + en: English **conversation** isn't important to Korean students + + - ko: 문자 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v34.mp3 + en: text message + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "문짜" + examples: + - ko: 저는 저의 여자 친구한테 **문자**를 보냈어요 + en: I sent a **text message** to my girlfriend + - ko: 슬기는 남자친구의 **문자**에 답장을 빨리 해요 + en: Seulgi responds to **messages** from her boyfriend quickly + - ko: 핸드폰이 생기기 전에는 친구들과 **문자**를 보내는 대신에 쪽지를 주고 받았어요 + en: Before cell phones, instead of sending **text messages** with friends, we exchanged notes + - ko: 하지만 바로 그때였다. 핸드폰이 울렸다. '아 누구지?' 핸드폰을 확인해 봤다. 그 **문자**는 바로 민호한테서 온 것이었다 + en: But, it was right at that moment. My phone rang. Who could it be? I checked the phone. That **message** had come from none other than 민호. + + - ko: 가슴 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v35.mp3 + en: chest + notes: | +

Just like in English, this word can be used to refer to the general area of one's chest, or a woman's breasts. It can also be used to refer to one's "heart."

+ examples: + - ko: 한국사람들이 **가슴**에 털이 없어요 + en: Korean people don't have hair on their **chest** + - ko: 그 여자가 **가슴**이 커요 + en: That woman has big **breasts** + - ko: 심장이 멈춘 듯이 **가슴**이 아파요 + en: My **chest** hurts as if my heart has stopped + - ko: 당신의 눈을 응시할 때 **가슴이** 설레어요 + en: When I gaze into your eyes, my **heart** flutters + - ko: "**가슴**이 떨릴 때는 심호흡을 깊게 하면 진정이 돼요" + en: When you are **nervous**, if you breathe deeply you can be calmed down + + - ko: 제목 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v36.mp3 + en: title of something (book, etc) + examples: + - ko: 그 책의 **제목**은 뭐에요? + en: What is the **title** of that book? + + - ko: 근처 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v46.mp3 + en: close/near by + notes: | +

근처 and 가깝다 are words that have similar meanings. 근처 is actually a noun but I feel it acts and feels like an adverb. 가깝다 is an adjective, which means it can predicate sentences and describe upcoming nouns. 근처 is most commonly used after a noun (like 위, 안, 밑, 뒤, etc…) to mean "close to…"

+

It can also be used to generally just mean "close" to here. In these cases, 여기 can be omitted.

+ examples: + - ko: 대학로 **근처**에 극장이 많아요 + en: There are a lot of theaters **near** 대학로 + - ko: 저의 친구는 (여기) **근처**에 살아요 + en: My friend lives **close** (to here) + + - ko: 나중 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lesson-16-38.mp3 + en: later + examples: + - ko: 저는 숙제를 **나중에** 할 거예요 + en: I am going to do my homework **later** + - ko: "나중에** 밥이 없을 거라서 저는 지금 먹고 싶어요" + en: There will not be any food **later**, therefore, I want to eat now + - ko: 선생님! 이 문제를 파악할 수 없어요. **나중**에 선생님의 교무실에 가도 돼요? + en: Teacher! I can't grasp/understand this problem. May I go to your office **later**? + - ko: 대학교 때 자유롭게 공부하고 싶으면 지도교사가 전공을 **나중**에 선택하라고 말했어요 + en: If you want to study freely in university, my guidance counselor told me to choose my major **later** + + - ko: 최근 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lesson-16-39.mp3 + en: recently + notes: | +

This can be used before a noun to describe it. For example: "최근 날씨가 추워요" = "The recent weather is cold"

+

It can also be used with ~에 to generally mean "recently." For example: "최근에 사람이 많이 와요" = "Recently, many people have been coming"

+ examples: + - ko: "**최근** 날씨가 추워요" + en: The **recent** weather is cold + - ko: "**최근에** 사람이 많이 와요" + en: "**Recently**, many people have been coming" + + verbs: + - ko: 풀다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v37.mp3 + en: to untie, to unfasten, to loosen + notes: 풀다 follows the ㄹ irregular + examples: + - ko: 운동은 스트레스를 **풀어요** + en: exercise **relieves** stress + - ko: 저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 **풀었어요** + en: I **solved** that math problem using a paper and a pencil + - ko: 이 붕대를 **풀자마자** 애기가 기어 다니기 시작해도 돼요 + en: As soon as you **unravel** this bandage, the baby can start crawling around + + - ko: 꿈꾸다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v38.mp3 + en: to dream + examples: + - ko: 저는 어젯밤에 이상한 **꿈을 꿨어요** + en: I had a strange **dream** last night + + - ko: 태어나다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v39.mp3 + en: to be born + examples: + - ko: 저는 캐나다에서 **태어났어요** + en: I was **born** in Canada + - ko: 저는 한국에서 **태어난** 게 아니라 캐나다에서 태어난 교포예요 + en: I wasn't **born** is Korea, I am a foreign-born Korean born in Canada + - ko: 가난한 집안에서 **태어나** 이렇게 큰 성공을 이룬 이 사람의 이야기는 신화와 같아요 + en: The story of this person being **born** into a poor family and achieving this much success is like a myth/legend + - ko: 저는 한국에서 **태어났지만** 태어나고 바로 미국으로 이사해서 한국어를 알아들을 수 없어요. 그래서 한국어를 이제 배우기로 했어요. + en: I was **born** in Korea but moved to America right after I was born, so I can't understand Korean. Therefore, I decided to learn Korean now. + + - ko: 다니다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v40.mp3 + en: to go somewhere frequently + examples: + - ko: "어느 학교를 **다녀요**?" + en: What school do you **go to**? + - ko: 우리 딸은 그 고등학교를 **다녀요** + en: Our daughter **attends** that high school + - ko: 우리 어머니는 서울대학교를 **다녔어요** + en: Our mom **attended** Seoul University + - ko: 저는 6개월 동안 동남아시아에서 **돌아다녔어요** + en: I **wandered around** South East Asia for 6 months + + - ko: 믿다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v41.mp3 + en: to believe, to trust + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "믿따" + examples: + - ko: 저는 그 사람을 **믿**을 수 없어요 + en: I can't **believe/trust** that person + - ko: 저는 그런 사람을 **믿지** 않아요 + en: I don't **trust** that type of person/those types of people + - ko: 관객은 대통령이 하는 말을 **믿지** 않았어요 + en: The audience didn't **believe** what the president said + - ko: 옛날에 그리스인들은 여러 가지의 신을 **믿었어요** + en: A long time ago, Greek people **believed** in a variety of gods + - ko: 그 친구는 남의 말만 **믿고** 저를 무시했어요 + en: That friend **believed** what other people said (about me), and ignored me + - ko: 그 생물 선생님이 종교를 **믿어서** 자기가 가르치는 내용을 안 **믿어요** + en: That biology teacher doesn't **believe** the content he teaches because he is religious (**believes** in a religion) + + adjectives: + - ko: 가깝다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v42.mp3 + en: to be close to, to be near + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "가깝따"

+

가깝다 follows the ㅂ irregular

+ examples: + - ko: 저의 친구의 집은 **가까워요** + en: My friend's house is **close** + - ko: 저의 친구는 **가까운** 집에 살아요 + en: literally – my friend lives in a **near** by house + - ko: 성수기가 **가까워질수록** 숙소비가 더 비싸져요 + en: As it gets **closer** to the peak season, the price of accommodation gets more expensive + - ko: 그래서 나는 여행을 가기로 결심을 했다. 아일랜드와 지리적으로 매우 **가깝지만** 한 번 도 가지 않았던 영국에 가기로 결심했다 + en: So, I decided to go traveling. I decided to go to England, which, although geographically very **close** to Ireland, I had not been to once. + + - ko: 힘들다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v43.mp3 + en: to be difficult to do something + notes: | +

This is a word that is difficult to translate. It's usually used on things that are physically straining. However, something mentally straining (like solving a math problem) could also be '힘들다' because those types of things might also elicit a physical response as well.

+

You'd be surprised how often you hear this word in Korean. Everything is '힘들다.'

+ + examples: + - ko: 학생들을 가르치는 것은 **힘들어요** + en: It is **hard** to teach students + - ko: 이 문제를 극복하는 것이 **힘들** **거예요** + en: It will be **difficult** to overcome this problem + - ko: 그 일이 **힘들지** 모르겠어요 + en: I don't know if that work will be **difficult** + - ko: 소방 훈련이 **힘들어** 보여요 + en: Firefighting training looks **difficult** + - ko: 저는 멀리 살고 있기 때문에 집까지 걸어가기 **힘들어요** + en: It is **difficult** to walk home because I live far + - ko: 오늘 너무 **힘들**어서 저는 따뜻한 목욕을 하고 싶어요 + en: Today was really **difficult**, so I want to take a warm bath + + - ko: 순수하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v44.mp3 + en: to be pure + examples: + - ko: 그녀는 아주 **순수해** 보여요 + en: She looks really **innocent** + - ko: 하얀색은 가장 **순수한** 색깔이에요 + en: White is the **purest** color + + adverbs: + - ko: 조금 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v45.mp3 + en: a little + examples: + - ko: 저는 **조금** 먹었어요 + en: I ate a **little** + - ko: 저는 **조금**만 먹었어요 + en: I only ate a **little** + - ko: "**조금** 있다가 가자" + en: Let's go in a **bit** + - ko: "**조금** 더 앞으로 가 주세요" + en: Move a **little bit** more forward, please + + - ko: 그러나 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v49.mp3 + en: but/however + notes: | +

Used as a conjunctive adverb, usually between two sentences.

+ examples: + - ko: 친구가 한국에 왔어요. **그러나**, 그녀를 만날 수 없었어요 + en: My friend came to Korea. **However**, I couldn't meet her + - ko: 미연은 내게서 시선을 돌리며 텔레비전 화면을 쳐다봤다. **그러나** 화면 속 내용을 보고 있는 것 같지는 않았다 + en: As 미연 removed her eyes from me, she stared at the TV screen. **However**, (despite the fact that she was looking at the TV, which would make you expect that she was actually watching the TV), she probably wasn't watching the TV --- # Lesson 16: Noun + \~적, \~적으로, \~적이다, \~스럽다 @@ -919,21 +1145,25 @@ Examples: -회화 = conversation +회화 = -conversation
Common Usages: -영어회화 = English conversation -영어회화수업 = English conversation class -영어회화교사 = English conversation teacher -중국어회화 = Chinese conversation -Notes: “회화” is usually placed after the name of a language to refer to the conversation aspect of that language. It is not used to mean “to have a conversation.” The words 이야기하다 or 대화하다 should be used for that meaning. +- 영어회화 = English conversation +- 영어회화수업 = English conversation class +- 영어회화교사 = English conversation teacher +- 중국어회화 = Chinese conversation + +Notes: + +“회화” is usually placed after the name of a language to refer to the conversation aspect of that language. It is not used to mean “to have a conversation.” The words 이야기하다 or 대화하다 should be used for that meaning. Examples: -저는 중국어회화 수업을 듣고 있어요 = I am taking a Chinese conversation class -한국 학생들한테 영어**회화**는 중요하지 않아요 = English **conversation** isn’t important to Korean students + +- 저는 중국어**회화** 수업을 듣고 있어요 = I am taking a Chinese **conversation** class +- 한국 학생들한테 영어**회화**는 중요하지 않아요 = English **conversation** isn’t important to Korean students
@@ -944,20 +1174,17 @@ Examples: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “문짜” Common Usages: -문자를 보내다 = to send a text message -문자를 받다 = to receive a text message -문자에 답장하다 = to respond to a text message + +- 문자를 보내다 = to send a text message +- 문자를 받다 = to receive a text message +- 문자에 답장하다 = to respond to a text message Examples: -저는 저의 여자 친구한테 **문자**를 보냈어요 = I sent a **text message** to my girlfriend -슬기는 남자친구의 **문자**에 답장을 빨리 해요 -= Seulgi responds to **messages** from her boyfriend quickly - -핸드폰이 생기기 전에는 친구들과 **문자**를 보내는 대신에 쪽지를 주고 받았어요 -= Before cell phones, instead of sending **text messages** with friends, we exchanged notes - -하지만 바로 그때였다. 핸드폰이 울렸다. ‘아 누구지?’ 핸드폰을 확인해 봤다. 그 **문자**는 바로 민호한테서 온 것이었다 = But, it was right at that moment. My phone rang. Who could it be? I checked the phone. That **message** had come from none other than 민호. +- 저는 저의 여자 친구한테 **문자**를 보냈어요 = I sent a **text message** to my girlfriend +- 슬기는 남자친구의 **문자**에 답장을 빨리 해요 = Seulgi responds to **messages** from her boyfriend quickly +- 핸드폰이 생기기 전에는 친구들과 **문자**를 보내는 대신에 쪽지를 주고 받았어요 = Before cell phones, instead of sending **text messages** with friends, we exchanged notes +- 하지만 바로 그때였다. 핸드폰이 울렸다. ‘아 누구지?’ 핸드폰을 확인해 봤다. 그 **문자**는 바로 민호한테서 온 것이었다 = But, it was right at that moment. My phone rang. Who could it be? I checked the phone. That **message** had come from none other than 민호. @@ -966,16 +1193,20 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -닭가슴살 = chicken breast -Notes: Just like in English, this word can be used to refer to the general area of one’s chest, or a woman’s breasts. It can also be used to refer to one’s “heart.” +- 닭가슴살 = chicken breast + +Notes: + +Just like in English, this word can be used to refer to the general area of one’s chest, or a woman’s breasts. It can also be used to refer to one’s “heart.” Examples: -한국사람들이 **가슴**에 털이 없어요 = Korean people don’t have hair on their **chest** -그 여자가 **가슴**이 커요 = That woman has big **breasts** -심장이 멈춘 듯이 **가슴**이 아파요 = My **chest** hurts as if my heart has stopped -당신의 눈을 응시할 때 **가슴이** 설레어요 = When I gaze into your eyes, my **heart** flutters -**가슴**이 떨릴 때는 심호흡을 깊게 하면 진정이 돼요 = When you are nervous, if you breathe deeply you can be calmed down + +- 한국사람들이 **가슴**에 털이 없어요 = Korean people don’t have hair on their **chest** +- 그 여자가 **가슴**이 커요 = That woman has big **breasts** +- 심장이 멈춘 듯이 **가슴**이 아파요 = My **chest** hurts as if my heart has stopped +- 당신의 눈을 응시할 때 **가슴이** 설레어요 = When I gaze into your eyes, my **heart** flutters +- **가슴**이 떨릴 때는 심호흡을 깊게 하면 진정이 돼요 = When you are **nervous**, if you breathe deeply you can be calmed down
@@ -984,11 +1215,13 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -노래 제목 = the name of a song -책 제목 = the name of a book + +- 노래 제목 = the name of a song +- 책 제목 = the name of a book Example: -그 책의 **제목**은 뭐에요? = What is the **title** of that book? + +- 그 책의 **제목**은 뭐에요? = What is the **title** of that book?
@@ -1000,11 +1233,11 @@ Notes: 근처 and 가깝다 are words that have similar meanings. 근처 is actually a noun but I feel it acts and feels like an adverb. 가깝다 is an adjective, which means it can predicate sentences and describe upcoming nouns. 근처 is most commonly used after a noun (like 위, 안, 밑, 뒤, etc…) to mean “close to…” for example: -- 대학로 **근처**에 극장이 많아요 = There are a lot of theaters **near** 대학로 +- 대학로 **근처**에 극장이 많아요 = There are a lot of theaters **near** 대학로 It can also be used to generally just mean “close” to here. In these cases, 여기 can be omitted: -- 저의 친구는 (여기) **근처**에 살아요 = My friend lives **close** (to here) +- 저의 친구는 (여기) **근처**에 살아요 = My friend lives **close** (to here) @@ -1013,18 +1246,16 @@ It can also be used to generally just mean “close” to here. In these cases,
Common Usages: -나중에 봐요 = See you later -나중에 하자 = Let’s do it later + +- 나중에 봐요 = See you later +- 나중에 하자 = Let’s do it later Examples: -저는 숙제를 **나중에** 할 거예요 = I am going to do my homework **later -나중에** 밥이 없을 거라서 저는 지금 먹고 싶어요 = There will not be any food **later**, therefore, I want to eat now -선생님! 이 문제를 파악할 수 없어요. **나중**에 선생님의 교무실에 가도 돼요? -= Teacher! I can’t grasp/understand this problem. May I go to your office **later**? - -대학교 때 자유롭게 공부하고 싶으면 지도교사가 전공을 **나중**에 선택하라고 말했어요 -= If you want to study freely in university, my guidance counselor told me to choose my major **later** +- 저는 숙제를 **나중에** 할 거예요 = I am going to do my homework **later** +- **나중에** 밥이 없을 거라서 저는 지금 먹고 싶어요 = There will not be any food **later**, therefore, I want to eat now +- 선생님! 이 문제를 파악할 수 없어요. **나중**에 선생님의 교무실에 가도 돼요? = Teacher! I can’t grasp/understand this problem. May I go to your office **later**? +- 대학교 때 자유롭게 공부하고 싶으면 지도교사가 전공을 **나중**에 선택하라고 말했어요 = If you want to study freely in university, my guidance counselor told me to choose my major **later**
@@ -1032,11 +1263,15 @@ Examples:
-Notes: This can be used before a noun to describe it. For example: -최근 날씨가 추워요 = The recent weather is cold +Notes: + +This can be used before a noun to describe it. For example: + +- **최근** 날씨가 추워요 = The **recent** weather is cold It can also be used with \~에 to generally mean “recently.” For example: -Example: **최근에** 사람이 많이 와요 = **Recently**, many people have been coming + +- **최근에** 사람이 많이 와요 = **Recently**, many people have been coming
@@ -1049,17 +1284,18 @@ Example: **최근에** 사람이 많이 와요 = **Recently**, many people have 풀다 follows the ㄹ irregular Common Usages: -코를 풀다 = to blow one’s nose -스트레스를 풀다 = to relieve stress -문제를 풀다 = to solve a problem -신발끈을 풀다 = to untie one’s shoes + +- 코를 풀다 = to blow one’s nose +- 스트레스를 풀다 = to relieve stress +- 문제를 풀다 = to solve a problem +- 신발끈을 풀다 = to untie one’s shoes Examples: -- 운동은 스트레스를 풀어요 = exercise **relieves** stress -- 저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 = I **solved** that math problem using a paper and a pencil -- 저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 = I **solved** that math problem using a paper and a pencil -- 이 붕대를 **풀자마자** 애기가 기어 다니기 시작해도 돼요 = As soon as you **unravel** this bandage, the baby can start crawling around +- ⁠운동은 스트레스를 **풀어요** = exercise **relieves** stress +- ⁠저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 **풀었어요** = I **solved** that math problem using a paper and a pencil +- 저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 **풀었어요** = I **solved** that math problem using a paper and a pencil +- 이 붕대를 **풀자마자** 애기가 기어 다니기 시작해도 돼요 = As soon as you **unravel** this bandage, the baby can start crawling around @@ -1068,10 +1304,12 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -이상한 꿈을 꾸다 = to have a weird dream + +- 이상한 꿈을 꾸다 = to have a weird dream Example: -저는 어젯밤에 이상한 **꿈을 꿨어요** = I had a strange **dream** last night + +- 저는 어젯밤에 이상한 **꿈을 꿨어요** = I had a strange **dream** last night
@@ -1080,20 +1318,16 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -태어났을 때부터 = since I was born/my whole life -한국에서 태어나다 = to be born in Korean + +- 태어났을 때부터 = since I was born/my whole life +- 한국에서 태어나다 = to be born in Korean Example: -저는 캐나다에서 **태어났어요** = I was **born** in Canada -저는 한국에서 **태어난** 게 아니라 캐나다에서 태어난 교포예요 -= I wasn’t **born** is Korea, I am a foreign-born Korean born in Canada - -가난한 집안에서 **태어나** 이렇게 큰 성공을 이룬 이 사람의 이야기는 신화와 같아요 -= The story of this person being **born** into a poor family and achieving this much success is like a myth/legend - -저는 한국에서 **태어났지만** 태어나고 바로 미국으로 이사해서 한국어를 알아들을 수 없어요. 그래서 한국어를 이제 배우기로 했어요. -= I was **born** in Korea but moved to America right after I was born, so I can’t understand Korean. Therefore, I decided to learn Korean now. +- 저는 캐나다에서 **태어났어요** = I was **born** in Canada +- 저는 한국에서 **태어난** 게 아니라 캐나다에서 태어난 교포예요 = I wasn’t **born** is Korea, I am a foreign-born Korean born in Canada +- 가난한 집안에서 **태어나** 이렇게 큰 성공을 이룬 이 사람의 이야기는 신화와 같아요 = The story of this person being **born** into a poor family and achieving this much success is like a myth/legend +- 저는 한국에서 **태어났지만** 태어나고 바로 미국으로 이사해서 한국어를 알아들을 수 없어요. 그래서 한국어를 이제 배우기로 했어요. = I was **born** in Korea but moved to America right after I was born, so I can’t understand Korean. Therefore, I decided to learn Korean now.
@@ -1102,17 +1336,19 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -기어다니다 = to crawl around -돌아다니다 = to wander around -학교를 다니다 = to attend school -다녀오다 = to go, and then come back -다녀오세요 = This can be used to say “goodbye,” as it literally translates to “to go somewhere, wander around, and then come back.” + +- 기어다니다 = to crawl around +- 돌아다니다 = to wander around +- 학교를 다니다 = to attend school +- 다녀오다 = to go, and then come back +- 다녀오세요 = This can be used to say “goodbye,” as it literally translates to “to go somewhere, wander around, and then come back.” Example: -어느 학교를 **다녀요**? = What school do you **go to**? -우리 딸은 그 고등학교를 **다녀요** = Our daughter **attends** that high school -우리 어머니는 서울대학교를 **다녔어요** = Our mom **attended** Seoul University -저는 6개월 동안 동남아시아에서 **돌아다녔어요** = I **wandered** **around** South East Asia for 6 months + +- 어느 학교를 **다녀요**? = What school do you **go to**? +- 우리 딸은 그 고등학교를 **다녀요** = Our daughter **attends** that high school +- 우리 어머니는 서울대학교를 **다녔어요** = Our mom **attended** Seoul University +- 저는 6개월 동안 동남아시아에서 **돌아다녔어요** = I **wandered around** South East Asia for 6 months
@@ -1124,23 +1360,18 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “믿따” Common Usages: -신을 믿다 = To believe in god -종교를 믿다 = To have/believe in a religion -저를 믿어 주세요 = (Please) Believe me! +- 신을 믿다 = To believe in god +- 종교를 믿다 = To have/believe in a religion +- 저를 믿어 주세요 = (Please) Believe me! Examples: -저는 그 사람을 **믿**을 수 없어요 = I can’t **believe/trust** that person -저는 그런 사람을 **믿지** 않아요 = I don’t **trust** that type of person/those types of people -관객은 대통령이 하는 말을 **믿지** 않았어요 = The audience didn’t **believe** what the president said -옛날에 그리스인들은 여러 가지의 신을 **믿었어요** -= A long time ago, Greek people **believed** in a variety of gods - -그 친구는 남의 말만 **믿고** 저를 무시했어요 -= That friend **believed** what other people said (about me), and ignored me - -그 생물 선생님이 종교를 **믿어서** 자기가 가르치는 내용을 안 **믿어요** -= That Biology teacher doesn’t **believe** the content he teaches because he is religious (**believes** in a religion) +- 저는 그 사람을 **믿**을 수 없어요 = I can’t **believe/trust** that person +- 저는 그런 사람을 **믿지** 않아요 = I don’t **trust** that type of person/those types of people +- 관객은 대통령이 하는 말을 **믿지** 않았어요 = The audience didn’t **believe** what the president said +- 옛날에 그리스인들은 여러 가지의 신을 **믿었어요** = A long time ago, Greek people **believed** in a variety of gods +- 그 친구는 남의 말만 **믿고** 저를 무시했어요 = That friend **believed** what other people said (about me), and ignored me +- 그 생물 선생님이 종교를 **믿어서** 자기가 가르치는 내용을 안 **믿어요** = That biology teacher doesn’t **believe** the content he teaches because he is religious (**believes** in a religion) @@ -1156,14 +1387,10 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “가깝따” Examples: -- 저의 친구의 집은 **가까워요** = My friend’s house is **close** -- 저의 친구는 **가까운** 집에 살아요 = literally – my friend lives in a **near** by house - -성수기가 **가까워질수록** 숙소비가 더 비싸져요 -= As it gets **closer** to the peak season, the price of accommodation gets more expensive - -그래서 나는 여행을 가기로 결심을 했다. 아일랜드와 지리적으로 매우 **가깝지만** 한 번 도 가지 않았던 영국에 가기로 결심했다 -= So, I decided to go traveling. I decided to go to England, which, although geographically very **close** to Ireland, I had not been to once. +- ⁠저의 친구의 집은 **가까워요** = My friend’s house is **close** +- ⁠저의 친구는 **가까운** 집에 살아요 = literally – my friend lives in a **near** by house +- 성수기가 **가까워질수록** 숙소비가 더 비싸져요 = As it gets **closer** to the peak season, the price of accommodation gets more expensive +- 그래서 나는 여행을 가기로 결심을 했다. 아일랜드와 지리적으로 매우 **가깝지만** 한 번 도 가지 않았던 영국에 가기로 결심했다 = So, I decided to go traveling. I decided to go to England, which, although geographically very **close** to Ireland, I had not been to once. @@ -1171,30 +1398,30 @@ Examples:
-Notes: This is a word that is difficult to translate. It’s usually used on things that are physically straining. However, something mentally straining (like solving a math problem) could also be ‘힘들다’ because those types of things might also elicit a physical response as well. +Notes: + +This is a word that is difficult to translate. It’s usually used on things that are physically straining. However, something mentally straining (like solving a math problem) could also be ‘힘들다’ because those types of things might also elicit a physical response as well. You’d be surprised how often you hear this word in Korean. *Every*thing is ‘힘들다.’ -Going out for a walk: 아\~ 힘들어! -Taking the subway: 아\~ 힘들어! -Cooking a meal: 아\~ 힘들어! +- Going out for a walk: 아\~ 힘들어! +- Taking the subway: 아\~ 힘들어! +- Cooking a meal: 아\~ 힘들어! Common Usages: -힘든 일 = difficult work -힘들겠다! = That must be difficult! -힘들어 죽겠다 = a common phrase people say “It’s so hard it’s like I’m going to die.” + +- 힘든 일 = difficult work +- 힘들겠다! = That must be difficult! +- 힘들어 죽겠다 = a common phrase people say “It’s so hard it’s like I’m going to die.” Examples: -학생들을 가르치는 것은 **힘들어요** = It is **hard** to teach students -이 문제를 극복하는 것이 **힘들** **거예요** = It will be **difficult** to overcome this problem -그 일이 **힘들지** 모르겠어요 = I don’t know if that work will be **difficult** -소방 훈련이 **힘들어** 보여요 = Firefighting training looks **difficult** -저는 멀리 살고 있기 때문에 집까지 걸어가기 **힘들어요** -= It is **difficult** to walk home because I live far - -오늘 너무 **힘들**어서 저는 따뜻한 목욕을 하고 싶어요 -= Today was really **difficult**, so I want to take a warm bath +- 학생들을 가르치는 것은 **힘들어요** = It is **hard** to teach students +- 이 문제를 극복하는 것이 **힘들** **거예요** = It will be **difficult** to overcome this problem +- 그 일이 **힘들지** 모르겠어요 = I don’t know if that work will be **difficult** +- 소방 훈련이 **힘들어** 보여요 = Firefighting training looks **difficult** +- 저는 멀리 살고 있기 때문에 집까지 걸어가기 **힘들어요** = It is **difficult** to walk home because I live far +- 오늘 너무 **힘들**어서 저는 따뜻한 목욕을 하고 싶어요 = Today was really **difficult**, so I want to take a warm bath
@@ -1203,8 +1430,9 @@ Examples:
Example: -그녀는 아주 **순수해** 보여요 = She looks really **innocent** -하얀색은 가장 **순수한** 색깔이에요 = White is the **purest** color + +- 그녀는 아주 **순수해** 보여요 = She looks really **innocent** +- 하얀색은 가장 **순수한** 색깔이에요 = White is the **purest** color
@@ -1216,13 +1444,15 @@ Example: Common Usages: -조금만 = only a little -조금 있다(가) = in a bit (just a little bit later) +- 조금만 = only a little +- 조금 있다(가) = in a bit (just a little bit later) -저는 **조금** 먹었어요 = I ate a **little** -저는 **조금**만 먹었어요 = I only ate a **little** -**조금** 있다가 가자 = Let’s go in a **bit -조금** 더 앞으로 가 주세요 = Move a **little bit** more forward, please +Examples: + +- ⁠저는 **조금** 먹었어요 = I ate a **little** +- ⁠저는 **조금**만 먹었어요 = I only ate a **little** +- **조금** 있다가 가자 = Let’s go in a **bit** +- **조금** 더 앞으로 가 주세요 = Move a **little bit** more forward, please @@ -1230,13 +1460,14 @@ Common Usages:
-Notes: Used as a conjunctive adverb, usually between two sentences. +Notes: + +Used as a conjunctive adverb, usually between two sentences. Examples: -친구가 한국에 왔어요. **그러나**, 그녀를 만날 수 없었어요 = My friend came to Korea. **However**, I couldn’t meet her -미연은 내게서 시선을 돌리며 텔레비전 화면을 쳐다봤다. **그러나** 화면 속 내용을 보고 있는 것 같지는 않았다 -= As 미연 removed her eyes from me, she stared at the TV screen. **However**, (despite the fact that she was looking at the TV, which would make you expect that she was actually watching the TV), she probably wasn’t watching the TV +- 친구가 한국에 왔어요. **그러나**, 그녀를 만날 수 없었어요 = My friend came to Korea. **However**, I couldn’t meet her +- 미연은 내게서 시선을 돌리며 텔레비전 화면을 쳐다봤다. **그러나** 화면 속 내용을 보고 있는 것 같지는 않았다 = As 미연 removed her eyes from me, she stared at the TV screen. **However**, (despite the fact that she was looking at the TV, which would make you expect that she was actually watching the TV), she probably wasn’t watching the TV