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lesson 4 nouns and verbs

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</Details> </Details>
편지 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-19.mp3" /> = letter 편지 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-19.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">letter</span>
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
편지를 쓰다 = to write a letter
편지를 받다 = to receive a letter - 편지를 쓰다 = <span class="md spoiler">to write a letter</span>
- 편지를 받다 = <span class="md spoiler">to receive a letter</span>
Examples: Examples:
저는 여자 친구를 위해 **편지**를 썼어요 = I wrote a **letter** for my girlfriend
저는 여자친구에게서 **편지**를 받았어요 = I received a **letter** from my girlfriend - 저는 여자 친구를 위해 **편지**를 썼어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I wrote a **letter** for my girlfriend</span>
저는 여자친구를 위해 **편지**를 쓰고 싶어요 = I want to write a **letter** for my girlfriend - 저는 여자친구에게서 **편지**를 받았어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I received a **letter** from my girlfriend</span>
우리는 서로 **편지**를 줬어요 = We gave **letters** to each other - 저는 여자친구를 위해 **편지**를 쓰고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to write a **letter** for my girlfriend</span>
저는 옛날 친구한테 **편지**를 보냈어요 = I sent a **letter** to an old friend - 우리는 서로 **편지**를 줬어요 = <span class="md spoiler">We gave **letters** to each other</span>
저의 여자 친구는 제가 쓴 **편지**를 찢었어요 = My girlfriend ripped up the **letter** that I wrote for her - 저는 옛날 친구한테 **편지**를 보냈어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I sent a **letter** to an old friend</span>
- 저의 여자 친구는 제가 쓴 **편지**를 찢었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">My girlfriend ripped up the **letter** that I wrote for her</span>
</Details> </Details>
맛 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-20.mp3" /> = taste 맛 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-20.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">taste</span>
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
맛있다 = delicious
맛없다 = not delicious - 맛있다 = <span class="md spoiler">delicious</span>
입맛 = one’s taste in food - 맛없다 = <span class="md spoiler">not delicious</span>
입맛에 맞다 = to fit one’s taste in food - 입맛 = <span class="md spoiler">one’s taste in food</span>
맛에 익숙하지 않다 = to not be accustomed to the taste of something - 입맛에 맞다 = <span class="md spoiler">to fit one’s taste in food</span>
- 맛에 익숙하지 않다 = <span class="md spoiler">to not be accustomed to the taste of something</span>
Notes: Notes:
맛 and 있다 come together to make “delicious” but this literally means “to have taste.” Likewise, the direct translation for “맛없다” or (맛이 없다) is “to have no taste”
맛 and 있다 come together to make “<span class="md spoiler">delicious</span>” but this literally means “<span class="md spoiler">to have taste</span>.” Likewise, the direct translation for “맛없다” or (맛이 없다) is “<span class="md spoiler">to have no taste</span>”
Examples: Examples:
**맛**이 조금 이상해요 = The **taste** is a little bit strange
빨간 사과는 가장 **맛**있어요 = Red apples are the most <strong>delicious</strong> - **맛**이 조금 이상해요 = <span class="md spoiler">The **taste** is a little bit strange</span>
이 떡은 쓰레기 **맛** 같아 = This 떡 **tastes** like garbage - 빨간 사과는 가장 **맛**있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Red apples are the most <strong>delicious</strong></span>
- 이 떡은 쓰레기 **맛** 같아 = <span class="md spoiler">This 떡 **tastes** like garbage</span>
</Details> </Details>
식사 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-21.mp3" /> = meal 식사 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-21.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">meal</span>
<Details> <Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “식싸” The pronunciation of this word is closer to “식싸”
Common Usages: Common Usages:
아침식사 = breakfast
점심식사 = lunch - 아침식사 = <span class="md spoiler">breakfast</span>
저녁식사 = dinner - 점심식사 = <span class="md spoiler">lunch</span>
- 저녁식사 = <span class="md spoiler">dinner</span>
Examples: Examples:
저는 할머니를 위해 **식사**를 준비했어요 = I prepared a **meal** for grandmother
저는 아침**식사**를 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat <strong>breakfast</strong> - 저는 할머니를 위해 **식사**를 준비했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I prepared a **meal** for grandmother</span>
저는 보통 점심**식사**로 과일만 먹어요 = I usually only eat fruit for <strong>lunch</strong> - 저는 아침**식사**를 안 먹었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t eat <strong>breakfast</strong></span>
엄마가 온 후에 저는 저녁**식사**를 먹을 거예요 = After mom comes home, I will eat <strong>dinner</strong> - 저는 보통 점심**식사**로 과일만 먹어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I usually only eat fruit for <strong>lunch</strong></span>
교감선생님은 선생님들을 위해 **식사**를 살 거예요 = The vice principal will buy a **meal** for all the teachers - 엄마가 온 후에 저는 저녁**식사**를 먹을 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">After mom comes home, I will eat <strong>dinner</strong></span>
- 교감선생님은 선생님들을 위해 **식사**를 살 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">The vice principal will buy a **meal** for all the teachers</span>
</Details> </Details>
아침 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-22.mp3" /> = morning 아침 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">morning</span>
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
아침식사 = breakfast
아침에 일어나다 = to wake up in the morning - 아침식사 = <span class="md spoiler">breakfast</span>
- 아침에 일어나다 = <span class="md spoiler">to wake up in the morning</span>
Notes: Notes:
This can also be used to refer to “breakfast.” For example: This can also be used to refer to “breakfast.” For example:
저는 아침을 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat breakfast
- 저는 아침을 안 먹었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t eat breakfast</span>
Examples: Examples:
저는 **아침**에 일찍 일어났어요 = I woke up early in the <strong>morning</strong>
저는 **아침**부터 밤까지 공부만 했어요 = I only studied from **morning** to night - 저는 **아침**에 일찍 일어났어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I woke up early in the <strong>morning</strong></span>
대부분 사람들은 **아침**밥을 먹지 않는다 = Most people don’t eat **breakfast** (rice breakfast) - 저는 **아침**부터 밤까지 공부만 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I only studied from **morning** to night</span>
저는 항상 **아침**에 운동해요 = I always exercise in the **morning** - 대부분 사람들은 **아침**밥을 먹지 않는다 = <span class="md spoiler">Most people don’t eat **breakfast** (rice breakfast)</span>
**아침**으로 무엇을 먹었어요? = What did you eat for **breakfast**? - 저는 항상 **아침**에 운동해요 = <span class="md spoiler">I always exercise in the **morning**</span>
- **아침**으로 무엇을 먹었어요? = <span class="md spoiler">What did you eat for **breakfast**?</span>
</Details> </Details>
아침식사 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-23.mp3" /> = breakfast 아침식사 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-23.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">breakfast</span>
<Details> <Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “아침식싸” The pronunciation of this word is closer to “아침식싸”
Examples: Examples:
저는 오늘 **아침식사**를 못 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat **breakfast** today
저는 **아침식사**로 밥을 먹었어요 = I ate rice for **breakfast** - 저는 오늘 **아침식사**를 못 먹었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t eat **breakfast** today</span>
- 저는 **아침식사**로 밥을 먹었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I ate rice for **breakfast**</span>
</Details> </Details>
물 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-24.mp3" /> = water 물 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-24.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">water</span>
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
물을 마시다 = to drink water
바닷물 = sea water - 물을 마시다 = <span class="md spoiler">to drink water</span>
물병 = water bottle - 바닷물 = <span class="md spoiler">sea water</span>
수돗물 = tap water - 물병 = <span class="md spoiler">water bottle</span>
얼음물 = ice water - 수돗물 = <span class="md spoiler">tap water</span>
물고기 = fish (literally, “water meat”) - 얼음물 = <span class="md spoiler">fish (literally, “water meat”)</span>
- 물고기 = <span class="md spoiler">fish (literally, “water meat”)</span>
Examples: Examples:
잘하려면 **물**을 마셔야 돼요 = If you want to do well, you must drink <strong>water</strong>
저는 **물**만 마셔요 = I only drink <strong>water</strong> - 잘하려면 **물**을 마셔야 돼요 = <span class="md spoiler">If you want to do well, you must drink <strong>water</strong></span>
애기는 우유 대신에 **물**만 마시고 싶어요 = The baby wants to drink **water** instead of milk - 저는 **물**만 마셔요 = <span class="md spoiler">I only drink <strong>water</strong></span>
- 애기는 우유 대신에 **물**만 마시고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The baby wants to drink **water** instead of milk</span>
</Details> </Details>
사과 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-25.mp3" /> = apple 사과 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-25.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">apple</span>
<Details> <Details>
Example: Example:
저는 **사과**랑 바나나를 샀어요 = I bought **apples** and bananas
바나나는 **사과**보다 더 맛있어요 = Bananas are more delicious than **apples** - 저는 **사과**랑 바나나를 샀어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I bought **apples** and bananas</span>
**사과**도 여기서 파나요? = Do you sell **apples** here too? - 바나나는 **사과**보다 더 맛있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Bananas are more delicious than **apples**</span>
빨간 **사과**는 가장 맛있어요 = Red **apples** are the most delicious - **사과**도 여기서 파나요? = <span class="md spoiler">Do you sell **apples** here too?</span>
- 빨간 **사과**는 가장 맛있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Red **apples** are the most delicious</span>
</Details> </Details>
돈 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-14.mp3" /> = money 돈 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-14.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">money</span>
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
용돈 = pocket money/allowance
돈을 내다 = to pay (money) - 용돈 = <span class="md spoiler">pocket money/allowance</span>
돈이 부족하다 = to not have enough money - 돈을 내다 = <span class="md spoiler">to pay (money)</span>
돈을 벌다 = to earn money - 돈이 부족하다 = <span class="md spoiler">to not have enough money</span>
돈을 주다 = to give money - 돈을 벌다 = <span class="md spoiler">to earn money</span>
- 돈을 주다 = <span class="md spoiler">to give money</span>
Examples: Examples:
저는 **돈**이 없어요 = I don’t have any <strong>money</strong>
어머님은 너에게 **돈**을 줬어? = Did your mother give you **money**? - 저는 **돈**이 없어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t have any <strong>money</strong></span>
저는 **돈**을 받을 때 행복할 거예요 = When I receive (the) **money**, I will be happy - 어머님은 너에게 **돈**을 줬어? = <span class="md spoiler">Did your mother give you **money**?</span>
의사들은 **돈**이 많아 = Doctors have a lot of <strong>money</strong> - 저는 **돈**을 받을 때 행복할 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">When I receive (the) **money**, I will be happy</span>
아버지는 아들에게 **돈**을 준다 = The father gives **money** to his son - 의사들은 **돈**이 많아 = <span class="md spoiler">Doctors have a lot of <strong>money</strong></span>
저는 **돈**을 정부로부터 받았어요 = I received **money** from the government - 아버지는 아들에게 **돈**을 준다 = <span class="md spoiler">The father gives **money** to his son</span>
얼마나 많은 **돈**을 가져갈 거야? = How much **money** will you bring? - 저는 **돈**을 정부로부터 받았어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I received **money** from the government</span>
- 얼마나 많은 **돈**을 가져갈 거야? = <span class="md spoiler">How much **money** will you bring?</span>
</Details> </Details>
### Verbs ### Verbs
오다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-26.mp3" /> = to come 오다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-26.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to come</span>
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
~에서 왔다 = to come from
내려오다 = to come down - ~에서 왔다 = <span class="md spoiler">to come from</span>
올라오다 = to come up - 내려오다 = <span class="md spoiler">to come down</span>
다녀오다 = to go, and then come back - 올라오다 = <span class="md spoiler">to come up</span>
갔다 오다 = to go, and then come back - 다녀오다 = <span class="md spoiler">to go, and then come back</span>
돌아오다 = to come back - 갔다 오다 = <span class="md spoiler">to go, and then come back</span>
걸어오다 = to come by walking - 돌아오다 = <span class="md spoiler">to come back</span>
- 걸어오다 = <span class="md spoiler">to come by walking</span>
Example: Example:
그 사람은 미국에서 **왔어요** = That person **came** from the United States
친구들은 언제 **올 거예요**? = When are the friends **coming**? - 그 사람은 미국에서 **왔어요** = <span class="md spoiler">That person **came** from the United States</span>
어디에서 **왔어요**? = Where are you from (from where did you **come**?) - 친구들은 언제 **올 거예요**? = <span class="md spoiler">When are the friends **coming**?</span>
저의 친구는 6시 30분에 **올** **거예요** = My friend will **come** at 6:30 - 어디에서 **왔어요**? = <span class="md spoiler">Where are you from (from where did you **come**?)</span>
그는 **올** **거**라고 약속했어요 = He promised that he would <strong>come</strong> - 저의 친구는 6시 30분에 **올** **거예요** = <span class="md spoiler">My friend will **come** at 6:30</span>
캐나다에 언제 돌아**올** 거예요? = When are you **coming** back to Canada? - 그는 **올** **거**라고 약속했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">He promised that he would <strong>come</strong></span>
선생님 몇 분 **올** **거예요**? = How many teachers will **come**? - 캐나다에 언제 돌아**올** 거예요? = <span class="md spoiler">When are you **coming** back to Canada?</span>
어제 어떤 남자가 **왔어요**? = Which man **came** here yesterday? - 선생님 몇 분 **올** **거예요**? = <span class="md spoiler">How many teachers will **come**?</span>
- 어제 어떤 남자가 **왔어요**? = <span class="md spoiler">Which man **came** here yesterday?</span>
</Details> </Details>
끝내다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-27.mp3" /> = to finish 끝내다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-27.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to finish</span>
<Details> <Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “끈내다” The pronunciation of this word is closer to “끈내다”
Notes: It is often more common to use the passive form (끝나다) to indicate that you finished something. For example: Notes:
일이 끝났어요 = The work is finished (which implies that you finished the work)
It is often more common to use the passive form (끝나다) to indicate that you finished something. For example:
- 일이 끝났어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The work is finished (which implies that you finished the work)</span>
The grammar for this is talked about in [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/). The grammar for this is talked about in [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/).
Examples: Examples:
저는 저의 숙제를 **끝냈어요** = I **finished** my homework
저는 숙제를 **끝내**고 나서 집으로 갈 거예요 = I will **finish** my homework then go home - 저는 저의 숙제를 **끝냈어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **finished** my homework</span>
저는 일을 만족스럽게 **끝냈어요** = I finished the work/job <strong>satisfactorily</strong> - 저는 숙제를 **끝내**고 나서 집으로 갈 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I will **finish** my homework then go home</span>
시험을 **끝내**기 전에 답을 확인하세요 = Check your answers before **finishing** the test - 저는 일을 만족스럽게 **끝냈어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I finished the work/job <strong>satisfactorily</strong></span>
- 시험을 **끝내**기 전에 답을 확인하세요 = <span class="md spoiler">Check your answers before **finishing** the test</span>
</Details> </Details>
춤추다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-28.mp3" /> = to dance 춤추다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-28.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to dance</span>
<Details> <Details>
Notes: Notes:
The word “춤” is the noun “dance,” as in “a dance.” Coupled with the verb “추다” is means “to dance.”
The word “춤” is the noun “<span class="md spoiler">dance,” as in “a dance</span>.” Coupled with the verb “추다” is means “<span class="md spoiler">to dance</span>.”
Example: Example:
저는 **춤추**는 것이 좋아요 = I like **dancing**
- 저는 **춤추**는 것이 좋아요 = <span class="md spoiler">I like **dancing**</span>
</Details> </Details>
알다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-29.mp3" /> = to know 알다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-29.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to know</span>
<Details> <Details>
알다 follows the ㄹ irregular. See [Lesson 7](./07-irregulars.md) for more information. 알다 follows the ㄹ irregular. See [Lesson 7](./07-irregulars.md) for more information.
Common Usages: Common Usages:
알겠습니다 = This is a formal way to say “okay, I understand.”
알았어 = This is an informal way to say “okay, I understand” - 알겠습니다 = <span class="md spoiler">This is a formal way to say “okay, I understand.”</span>
- 알았어 = <span class="md spoiler">This is an informal way to say “okay, I understand”</span>
Examples: Examples:
저는 그 사람을 **알아요** = I **know** that person
저는 그것을 **알**고 있어요 = I **know** that - 저는 그 사람을 **알아요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **know** that person</span>
누구나 그 여자를 **알아요** = Everybody **knows** that girl - 저는 그것을 **알**고 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I **know** that</span>
서울에 어떻게 가는지 **알아요** = I **know** how to get to Seoul - 누구나 그 여자를 **알아요** = <span class="md spoiler">Everybody **knows** that girl</span>
서울에 어떻게 가는지 **알아요**? = Do you **know** how to get to Seoul? - 서울에 어떻게 가는지 **알아요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **know** how to get to Seoul</span>
그 단어를 어떻게 발음하는지 **알아요** = I **know** how to pronounce that word - 서울에 어떻게 가는지 **알아요**? = <span class="md spoiler">Do you **know** how to get to Seoul?</span>
그 단어를 어떻게 발음하는지 **알아요**? = Do you **know** how to pronounce that word? - 그 단어를 어떻게 발음하는지 **알아요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **know** how to pronounce that word</span>
그 학생이 책을 왜 버렸는지 **알아요** = I **know** why that student threw out his book - 그 단어를 어떻게 발음하는지 **알아요**? = <span class="md spoiler">Do you **know** how to pronounce that word?</span>
그 학생이 책을 왜 버렸는지 **알아요**? = Do you **know** why that student threw out his book? - 그 학생이 책을 왜 버렸는지 **알아요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **know** why that student threw out his book</span>
제가 한국어를 왜 배우고 싶은지 **알아요**? = Do you **know** why I want to learn Korean? - 그 학생이 책을 왜 버렸는지 **알아요**? = <span class="md spoiler">Do you **know** why that student threw out his book?</span>
- 제가 한국어를 왜 배우고 싶은지 **알아요**? = <span class="md spoiler">Do you **know** why I want to learn Korean?</span>
</Details> </Details>
걷다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-30.mp3" /> = to walk 걷다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-30.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to walk</span>
<Details> <Details>
@@ -592,56 +620,60 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “걷따”
걷다 follows the ㄷ irregular. See [Lesson 7](./07-irregulars.md) for more information. 걷다 follows the ㄷ irregular. See [Lesson 7](./07-irregulars.md) for more information.
Common Usages: Common Usages:
걸어가다 = to go by walking
걸어오다 = to come by walking - 걸어가다 = <span class="md spoiler">to go by walking</span>
- 걸어오다 = <span class="md spoiler">to come by walking</span>
Example: Example:
우리는 집에 **걸어**왔어요 = We **walked** home
저는 10분 동안 **걸었어요** = I **walked** for 10 minutes - 우리는 집에 **걸어**왔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">We **walked** home</span>
여자는 학교에 걸었어요 = The girl **walked** to school - 저는 10분 동안 **걸었어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **walked** for 10 minutes</span>
그 여자는 항상 그렇게 **걸어요** = That girl always **walks** like that - 여자는 학교에 걸었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The girl **walked** to school</span>
저는 너무 많이 **걸어**서 지금 발이 아파요 = My feet are sore because I **walked** so much - 그 여자는 항상 그렇게 **걸어요** = <span class="md spoiler">That girl always **walks** like that</span>
우리는 차가 없어서 집에 **걸어**왔어요 = We didn’t have a car so we **walked** home - 저는 너무 많이 **걸어**서 지금 발이 아파요 = <span class="md spoiler">My feet are sore because I **walked** so much</span>
전철역까지 **걸어**갈래요? = Shall we **walk** to the subway station? - 우리는 차가 없어서 집에 **걸어**왔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">We didn’t have a car so we **walked** home</span>
학생들은 교실 쪽으로 **걸어요** = Students **walk** towards/in the direction of their class - 전철역까지 **걸어**갈래요? = <span class="md spoiler">Shall we **walk** to the subway station?</span>
우리가 천천히 안 **걸었더라면** 늦게 도착하지 않았을 거예요 = If we hadn’t **walk** slowly, we wouldn’t have arrived late - 학생들은 교실 쪽으로 **걸어요** = <span class="md spoiler">Students **walk** towards/in the direction of their class</span>
- 우리가 천천히 안 **걸었더라면** 늦게 도착하지 않았을 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">If we hadn’t **walk** slowly, we wouldn’t have arrived late</span>
</Details> </Details>
배우다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-31.mp3" /> = to learn 배우다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-31.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to learn</span>
<Details> <Details>
Common Usages: Common Usages:
한국어를 배우다 = to learn Korean - 한국어를 배우다 = <span class="md spoiler">to learn Korean</span>
영어를 배우다 = to learn English - 영어를 배우다 = <span class="md spoiler">to learn English</span>
한국어를 배우고 싶다 = to want to learn Korean - 한국어를 배우고 싶다 = <span class="md spoiler">to want to learn Korean</span>
Examples: Examples:
한국어를 언제부터 **배웠어요** **?** = Since when did you **learn** Korean?
저는 그것을 지난 시간에 **배웠어요** = I **learned** that (thing) last time - 한국어를 언제부터 **배웠어요** **?** = <span class="md spoiler">Since when did you **learn** Korean?</span>
저는 한국어를 한국에서 **배웠어요** = I **learned** Korean in Korea - 저는 그것을 지난 시간에 **배웠어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **learned** that (thing) last time</span>
저는 한국어를 **배우**고 싶어요 = I want to **learn** Korean - 저는 한국어를 한국에서 **배웠어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **learned** Korean in Korea</span>
우리는 다음 시간에 더 **배울** 거예요 = We will **learn** more next time - 저는 한국어를 **배우**고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to **learn** Korean</span>
저는 5년 이내에 외국어를 다섯 개 **배우**고 싶어요 = I want to **learn** 5 languages within five years - 우리는 다음 시간에 더 **배울** 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">We will **learn** more next time</span>
한국에 온 이래로 한국어를 **배우**고 있어요 = Since coming to Korea, I have been **learning** Korean - 저는 5년 이내에 외국어를 다섯 개 **배우**고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to **learn** 5 languages within five years</span>
- 한국에 온 이래로 한국어를 **배우**고 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Since coming to Korea, I have been **learning** Korean</span>
</Details> </Details>
연습하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-32.mp3" /> = to practice 연습하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-32.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to practice</span>
<Details> <Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “연스파다” The pronunciation of this word is closer to “연스파다”
Example: Example:
한국 사람들은 외국 사람들과 영어를 **연습하**고 싶어요 = Korean people want to **practice** their English with foreigners
**연습**을 많이 해도 시합에서 질 거예요 = Regardless of how much you **practice**, you will lose the match - 한국 사람들은 외국 사람들과 영어를 **연습하**고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Korean people want to **practice** their English with foreigners</span>
- **연습**을 많이 해도 시합에서 질 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">Regardless of how much you **practice**, you will lose the match</span>
</Details> </Details>
생각하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-33.mp3" /> = to think 생각하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-33.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to think</span>
<Details> <Details>
@@ -650,61 +682,72 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “생가카다”
The noun form of this word translates to “a thought” or “an idea.” The noun form of this word translates to “a thought” or “an idea.”
Common Usages: Common Usages:
좋은 생각이 났어요 = I have a good idea (literally, “a good thought came up”)
무슨 생각 해? = What are you thinking? - 좋은 생각이 났어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I have a good idea (literally, “a good thought came up”)</span>
- 무슨 생각 해? = <span class="md spoiler">What are you thinking?</span>
Notes: Notes:
Typically the grammatical principle ~ㄴ/다고 precedes 생각하다 as if it is a quoted sentence. For more information, visit [Lesson 52](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-3-lessons-51-58/lesson-52/). Typically the grammatical principle ~ㄴ/다고 precedes 생각하다 as if it is a quoted sentence. For more information, visit [Lesson 52](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-3-lessons-51-58/lesson-52/).
Examples: Examples:
저도 그렇게 **생각해요** = I **think** that way as well
나는 너에 대해 **생각했어** = I **thought** about you - 저도 그렇게 **생각해요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **think** that way as well</span>
그 여자에 대해 어떻게 **생각해요**? = What do you **think** about that girl? - 나는 너에 대해 **생각했어** = <span class="md spoiler">I **thought** about you</span>
저는 그렇게 **생각하지** **않아요** = I don’t **think** like that - 그 여자에 대해 어떻게 **생각해요**? = <span class="md spoiler">What do you **think** about that girl?</span>
저는 저의 엄마에 대해 **생각했어요** = I **thought** about my mother - 저는 그렇게 **생각하지** **않아요** = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t **think** like that</span>
우리 집에 대해 어떻게 **생각해요**? = What do you **think** about our house? - 저는 저의 엄마에 대해 **생각했어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **thought** about my mother</span>
- 우리 집에 대해 어떻게 **생각해요**? = <span class="md spoiler">What do you **think** about our house?</span>
</Details> </Details>
살다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-34.mp3" /> = to live 살다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-34.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to live</span>
<Details> <Details>
살다 follows the ㄹ irregular. See [Lesson 7](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-7/) for more information. 살다 follows the ㄹ irregular. See [Lesson 7](./07-irregulars.md) for more information.
Common Usages: Common Usages:
살아 있다 = to be living (the opposite of dead)
Notes: In order to say that you live in a place, it is acceptable to use “살고 있다.” For example: 저는 한국에서 살고 있어요. Note that this directly translates to “I am living in Korea”, whereas is English we would most likely say “I live in Korea.” See [Lesson 18](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-18/). - 살아 있다 = <span class="md spoiler">to be living (the opposite of dead)</span>
Notes:
In order to say that you live in a place, it is acceptable to use “<span class="md spoiler">살고 있다</span>.”
For example: 저는 한국에서 살고 있어요. Note that this directly translates to “<span class="md spoiler">I am living in Korea</span>”, whereas is English we would most likely say “<span class="md spoiler">I live in Korea</span>.” See [Lesson 18](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-18/).
Example: Example:
저는 서울에서 **살**고 있어요 = I **live** in Seoul
어느 집에서 **살아요**? = Which house do you **live** in? - 저는 서울에서 **살**고 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I **live** in Seoul</span>
저는 학교에서 멀리 **살**고 있어요 = I **live** far from school - 어느 집에서 **살아요**? = <span class="md spoiler">Which house do you **live** in?</span>
한국에서 언제부터 **살았어요**? = Since when have you **lived** in Korea? - 저는 학교에서 멀리 **살**고 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I **live** far from school</span>
저는 2년 동안 외국에서 **살았어요** = I **lived** in a foreign country for 2 years - 한국에서 언제부터 **살았어요**? = <span class="md spoiler">Since when have you **lived** in Korea?</span>
저는 7년 동안 한국에서 **살았어요** = I **lived** in Korea for seven years - 저는 2년 동안 외국에서 **살았어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **lived** in a foreign country for 2 years</span>
우리 아버지는 고모와 **살**고 있어요 = Our father **lives** with our aunt - 저는 7년 동안 한국에서 **살았어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **lived** in Korea for seven years</span>
저는 멀리 **살**고 있기 때문에 집까지 걸어가기 힘들어요 = It is difficult to walk home because I **live** far - 우리 아버지는 고모와 **살**고 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Our father **lives** with our aunt</span>
- 저는 멀리 **살**고 있기 때문에 집까지 걸어가기 힘들어요 = <span class="md spoiler">It is difficult to walk home because I **live** far</span>
</Details> </Details>
### Passive Verbs ### Passive Verbs
끝나다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-35.mp3" /> = to be finished 끝나다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-35.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be finished</span>
<Details> <Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “끈나다” The pronunciation of this word is closer to “끈나다”
Notes: Notes:
This is the first passive verb you have come across. For more information on passive verbs, visit [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/). This is the first passive verb you have come across. For more information on passive verbs, visit [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/).
Examples: Examples:
이 콘서트가 벌써 **끝났어요**? = Is the concert already <strong>finished?</strong>
숙제는 **끝났어요** = My homework is <strong>finished</strong> - 이 콘서트가 벌써 **끝났어요**? = <span class="md spoiler">Is the concert already <strong>finished?</strong></span>
수업은 2분 후에 **끝날** **거예요** = Class will **finish** 2 minutes from now - 숙제는 **끝났어요** = <span class="md spoiler">My homework is <strong>finished</strong></span>
그 일이 다 **끝나서** 지금 기분이 아주 좋아요 = Now that that work is **finished**, I am very happy - 수업은 2분 후에 **끝날** **거예요** = <span class="md spoiler">Class will **finish** 2 minutes from now</span>
- 그 일이 다 **끝나서** 지금 기분이 아주 좋아요 = <span class="md spoiler">Now that that work is **finished**, I am very happy</span>
</Details> </Details>