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# Using "because" with "而" to indicate effect
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<SentenceQuiz>
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- 我 _因为_ 生病 _而_ 请假。
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<!-- - Wǒ _yīnwèi_ shēngbìng _ér_ qǐngjià. -->
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- Because I got sick, I asked for time off.
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- 欧洲 的 经济 _因为_ 债务 危机 _而_ 陷入 衰退。
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<!-- - Ōuzhōu de jīngjì _yīnwèi_ zhàiwù wéijī _ér_ xiànrù shuāituì. -->
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- Because Europe is suffering a debt crisis, it is falling into decline.
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- 外婆 只是 _因为_ 孩子 顽皮 _而_ 想 吓唬 他 一下 。
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<!-- - Wàipó zhǐshì _yīnwèi_ háizi wánpí _ér_ xiǎng xiàhu tā yīxià. -->
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- Because the kid was being so naughty, granny just wanted to scare him a little.
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- 男 女朋友 之间 经常 _因为_ 吃醋 _而_ 吵架 。
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<!-- - Nán-nǚpéngyou zhījiān jīngcháng _yīnwèi_ chīcù _ér_ chǎojià. -->
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- Boyfriends and girlfriends frequently argue because of jealousy.
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- 首相 _因为_ 受贿 丑闻 _而_ 下 了 台。
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<!-- - Shǒuxiàng _yīnwèi_ shòuhuì chǒuwén _ér_ xià le tái. -->
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- Because the prime minister's bribery scandal, he fell from power.
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- 伦敦 地铁 _因_ 罢工 _而_ 处于 瘫痪 状态。
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<!-- - Lúndūn dìtiě _yīn_ bàgōng _ér_ chǔyú tānhuàn zhuàngtài. -->
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- Because of the London Underground strike, it's in a state of paralysis.
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- 妈妈 _因_ 小朋友 的 陪伴， _而_ 忘记 了 生活 的 不 愉快 。
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<!-- - Māma _yīn_ xiǎopéngyou de péibàn, _ér_ wàngjì le shēnghuó de bù yúkuài. -->
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- Because her children are with her, Mom can forget the unpleasantness of life.
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- 他 _因为_ 熬夜 _而_ 精神 不 能 集中。
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<!-- - Tā _yīnwéi_ áoyè _ér_ jīngshén bù néng jízhōng. -->
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- He stayed up too late and thus could not concentrate.
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- 这 家 餐厅 _因_ 火锅 _而_ 出名。
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<!-- - Zhè jiā cāntīng _yīn_ huǒguō _ér_ chūmíng. -->
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- This restaurant is famous for its hotpot.
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- 生活 _因_ 你 _而_ 精彩。
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<!-- - Shēnghuó _yīn_ nǐ _ér_ jīngcǎi. -->
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- Life is wonderful because of you.
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</SentenceQuiz>
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<TOC>
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- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
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- Similar to
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- [Expressing "as a result" with "结果"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22as_a_result%22_with_%22jieguo%22) (B1)
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- Used for: [Indicating conditions](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_conditions), [Sequencing events in time](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Sequencing_events_in_time), [Indicating cause and effect](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_cause_and_effect)
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- Keywords: [因为](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%9B%A0%E4%B8%BA), [而](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E8%80%8C)
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</TOC>
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因为⋯⋯，而⋯⋯ (yīnwèi... ér...) is another structure that can express cause and effect.
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## Structure
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Subj. + 因(为) + Cause + 而 + Result
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Sometimes, 因为 can be shortened to just 因. This is used more in sentences that are meant to be shorter and more succinct.
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## Examples
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- 我 _因为_ 生病 _而_ 请假。
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<!-- - Wǒ _yīnwèi_ shēngbìng _ér_ qǐngjià. -->
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- Because I got sick, I asked for time off.
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- 欧洲 的 经济 _因为_ 债务 危机 _而_ 陷入 衰退。
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<!-- - Ōuzhōu de jīngjì _yīnwèi_ zhàiwù wéijī _ér_ xiànrù shuāituì. -->
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- Because Europe is suffering a debt crisis, it is falling into decline.
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- 外婆 只是 _因为_ 孩子 顽皮 _而_ 想 吓唬 他 一下 。
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<!-- - Wàipó zhǐshì _yīnwèi_ háizi wánpí _ér_ xiǎng xiàhu tā yīxià. -->
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- Because the kid was being so naughty, granny just wanted to scare him a little.
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- 男 女朋友 之间 经常 _因为_ 吃醋 _而_ 吵架 。
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<!-- - Nán-nǚpéngyou zhījiān jīngcháng _yīnwèi_ chīcù _ér_ chǎojià. -->
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- Boyfriends and girlfriends frequently argue because of jealousy.
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- 首相 _因为_ 受贿 丑闻 _而_ 下 了 台。
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<!-- - Shǒuxiàng _yīnwèi_ shòuhuì chǒuwén _ér_ xià le tái. -->
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- Because the prime minister's bribery scandal, he fell from power.
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- 伦敦 地铁 _因_ 罢工 _而_ 处于 瘫痪 状态。
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<!-- - Lúndūn dìtiě _yīn_ bàgōng _ér_ chǔyú tānhuàn zhuàngtài. -->
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- Because of the London Underground strike, it's in a state of paralysis.
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- 妈妈 _因_ 小朋友 的 陪伴， _而_ 忘记 了 生活 的 不 愉快 。
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<!-- - Māma _yīn_ xiǎopéngyou de péibàn, _ér_ wàngjì le shēnghuó de bù yúkuài. -->
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- Because her children are with her, Mom can forget the unpleasantness of life.
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- 他 _因为_ 熬夜 _而_ 精神 不 能 集中。
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<!-- - Tā _yīnwéi_ áoyè _ér_ jīngshén bù néng jízhōng. -->
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- He stayed up too late and thus could not concentrate.
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- 这 家 餐厅 _因_ 火锅 _而_ 出名。
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<!-- - Zhè jiā cāntīng _yīn_ huǒguō _ér_ chūmíng. -->
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- This restaurant is famous for its hotpot.
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- 生活 _因_ 你 _而_ 精彩。
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<!-- - Shēnghuó _yīn_ nǐ _ér_ jīngcǎi. -->
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- Life is wonderful because of you.
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## See also
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- [Cause and effect with "因为" and "所以"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Cause_and_effect_with_%22yinwei%22_and_%22suoyi%22)
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- [Explaining results with "所以"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Explaining_results_with_%22suoyi%22)
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## Sources and further reading
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### Books
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- [New Practical Chinese Reader 5 (新实用汉语课本5)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_5_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC5)>) (pp. 92) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
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### Websites
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- Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: [Usage of 而](http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0235.html)
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