add points

2026-03-17 18:27:25 +07:00
1 parent c33cc38902
commit 6709690af5
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# Conceding a point with "是"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 工作 忙 _是_ 忙 ，**但是** 我 很 开心 。
+  <!-- - Gōngzuò máng _shì_ máng, **dànshì** wǒ hěn kāixīn. -->
+  - Work may be busy, but I'm very happy.
+- 这 件 衣服 好看 _是_ 好看 ， **但是** 不 适合 我 。
+  <!-- - Zhè jiàn yīfu hǎokàn _shì_ hǎokàn, **dànshì** bù shìhé wǒ. -->
+  - This piece of clothing may look nice, but it doesn't suit me.
+- 这里 的 环境 好 _是_ 好 ，**但是** 交通 不太 方便 。
+  <!-- - Zhèlǐ de huánjìng hǎo _shì_ hǎo, **dànshì** jiāotōng bù tài fāngbiàn. -->
+  - This environment may be nice, but transportation is not very convenient.
+- 累 _是_ 累 ，**但是** 很 值得 。
+  <!-- - Lèi _shì_ lèi, **dànshì** hěn zhídé. -->
+  - It may be tiring, but it's really worth it.
+- 难 _是_ 难 ，**但是** 我 相信 我 能 做到 。
+  <!-- - Nán _shì_ nán, **dànshì** wǒ xiāngxìn wǒ néng zuòdào. -->
+  - It is difficult, but I believe that I can do it.
+- 好吃 _是_ 好吃 ，**就是** 不 太 健康 。
+  <!-- - Hǎochī _shì_ hǎochī, **jiùshì** bù tài jiànkāng. -->
+  - It may be tasty, it's just that it's not very healthy.
+- 这个 东西 好 _是_ 好 ，**就是** 太 贵 了 。
+  <!-- - Zhège dōngxi hǎo _shì_ hǎo, **jiùshì** tài guì le. -->
+  - This thing may be good, it's just that it's too expensive.
+- 这个 学生 聪明 _是_ 聪明 ，**就是** 不 太 努力 。
+  <!-- - Zhège xuéshēng cōngming _shì_ cōngming, **jiùshì** bù tài nǔlì. -->
+  - This student may be smart, it's just that he's not very hard-working.
+- 他 女朋友 漂亮 _是_ 漂亮 ，**就是** 有点 奇怪 。
+  <!-- - Tā nǚpéngyou piàoliang _shì_ piàoliang, **jiùshì** yǒudiǎn qíguài. -->
+  - His girlfriend may be pretty, it's just that she's is a little weird.
+- 这个 老师 教 得 好 _是_ 好 ，**就是** 太 严格 。
+  <!-- - Zhège lǎoshī jiāo de hǎo _shì_ hǎo, **jiùshì** tài yángé. -->
+  - This teacher may teach well; it's just that she's too strict.
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+  - [Expressing contrariness with "倒"](../B2/倒) (B2)
+- Used for
+- Keywords: [是](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%98%AF), [但是](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BD%86%E6%98%AF), [就是](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%B0%B1%E6%98%AF)
+
+</TOC>
+
+When conceding a point, we often put emphasis on the point we are conceding, and in Chinese, there is a way to do that with 是 (shì).
+
+## Structure
+
+This pattern is often used in an argument or debate. It's usually indicating that the speaker is conceding a point, _but_ they still have some reservations about the topic at hand. Don't worry, the examples will make this clear.
+
+Adj. + 是 + Adj. ， 但是 / 就是 ⋯⋯
+
+## Examples
+
+- 工作 忙 _是_ 忙 ，**但是** 我 很 开心 。
+  <!-- - Gōngzuò máng _shì_ máng, **dànshì** wǒ hěn kāixīn. -->
+  - Work may be busy, but I'm very happy.
+- 这 件 衣服 好看 _是_ 好看 ， **但是** 不 适合 我 。
+  <!-- - Zhè jiàn yīfu hǎokàn _shì_ hǎokàn, **dànshì** bù shìhé wǒ. -->
+  - This piece of clothing may look nice, but it doesn't suit me.
+- 这里 的 环境 好 _是_ 好 ，**但是** 交通 不太 方便 。
+  <!-- - Zhèlǐ de huánjìng hǎo _shì_ hǎo, **dànshì** jiāotōng bù tài fāngbiàn. -->
+  - This environment may be nice, but transportation is not very convenient.
+- 累 _是_ 累 ，**但是** 很 值得 。
+  <!-- - Lèi _shì_ lèi, **dànshì** hěn zhídé. -->
+  - It may be tiring, but it's really worth it.
+- 难 _是_ 难 ，**但是** 我 相信 我 能 做到 。
+  <!-- - Nán _shì_ nán, **dànshì** wǒ xiāngxìn wǒ néng zuòdào. -->
+  - It is difficult, but I believe that I can do it.
+
+When using 但是, the second clause can express positive experiences or something good, as well as negative perspectives. However, when leading with 就是, the second clause needs to express something negative.
+
+- 好吃 _是_ 好吃 ，**就是** 不 太 健康 。
+  <!-- - Hǎochī _shì_ hǎochī, **jiùshì** bù tài jiànkāng. -->
+  - It may be tasty, it's just that it's not very healthy.
+- 这个 东西 好 _是_ 好 ，**就是** 太 贵 了 。
+  <!-- - Zhège dōngxi hǎo _shì_ hǎo, **jiùshì** tài guì le. -->
+  - This thing may be good, it's just that it's too expensive.
+- 这个 学生 聪明 _是_ 聪明 ，**就是** 不 太 努力 。
+  <!-- - Zhège xuéshēng cōngming _shì_ cōngming, **jiùshì** bù tài nǔlì. -->
+  - This student may be smart, it's just that he's not very hard-working.
+- 他 女朋友 漂亮 _是_ 漂亮 ，**就是** 有点 奇怪 。
+  <!-- - Tā nǚpéngyou piàoliang _shì_ piàoliang, **jiùshì** yǒudiǎn qíguài. -->
+  - His girlfriend may be pretty, it's just that she's is a little weird.
+- 这个 老师 教 得 好 _是_ 好 ，**就是** 太 严格 。
+  <!-- - Zhège lǎoshī jiāo de hǎo _shì_ hǎo, **jiùshì** tài yángé. -->
+  - This teacher may teach well; it's just that she's too strict.
+
+## See also
+
+- [Expressing Contrariness with "倒"](../B2/倒.md)
+- ["Not… But Rather…" with "而是"](../B2/而.md)
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese:_An_Essential_Grammar,_Second_Edition) (pp. 180) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(3rd_ed)>) (pp. 22- 3) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1) (pp. 119) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
@@ -107,6 +107,6 @@ For more on [倒](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%80%92
 ## See also

 - Expressing contrariness with "dao"
- [The "However" Adverb "却"](./却)
- ["On the Contrary" with "反而"](./反而)
- [Conceding a Point with "shi"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Conceding_a_Point_with_%22shi%22)
+- [The "However" Adverb "却"](./却.md)
+- ["On the Contrary" with "反而"](./反而.md)
+- [Conceding a Point with "是"](../B1/是.md)
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ A few examples to give you a better understanding of this:

 ## See also

- [Expressing Contrariness with "倒"](./倒)
- ["On the Contrary" with "反而"](./反而)
+- [Expressing Contrariness with "倒"](./倒.md)
+- ["On the Contrary" with "反而"](./反而.md)
 - [A Softer "But"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/A_Softer_%22But%22)

 ## Sources and further reading
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ Adding [不但](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8D%E

 ## See also

- [The "however" adverb "却"](./却)
- [Expressing Contrariness with "倒"](./倒)
+- [The "however" adverb "却"](./却.md)
+- [Expressing Contrariness with "倒"](./倒.md)

 ## Sources and further reading

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+# Using "而" to explain contrasting ideas
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 我们 _是_ 来 办事 的 ，_而 不 是_ 来 玩 的 。
+  <!-- - Wǒmen _shì_ lái bànshì de, _ér bù shì_ lái wán de. -->
+  - We're here to do work, not to have fun.
+- 以后 后悔 的 人 _不 是_ 我，_而 是_ 你 自己。
+  <!-- - Yǐhòu hòuhuǐ de rén _bù shì_ wǒ, _ér shì_ nǐ zìjǐ. -->
+  - The person to later regret this won't be me. It will be you.
+- 你 这样 做 _是_ 害 他 ，_而 不 是_ 帮 他 。
+  <!-- - Nǐ zhèyàng zuò _shì_ hài tā, _ér bù shì_ bāng tā. -->
+  - By doing this you were hurting him, not helping him.
+- 不好意思 ，我 _是_ 不 小心 ，_而 不 是_ 故意 的 。
+  <!-- - Bù hǎoyìsi, wǒ _shì_ bù xiǎoxīn, _ér bù shì_ gùyì de. -->
+  - I'm sorry. It was an accident. It wasn't on purpose.
+- 现在 要 做 的 _不 是_ 责怪 谁 错 了，_而 是_ 怎么 解决。
+  <!-- - Xiànzài yào zuò de _bù shì_ zéguài shéi cuòle, _ér shì_ zěnme jiějué. -->
+  - Now is not the time to place blame, but rather to figure out how to resolve this.
+- 我 没 说 _不 是_ 因为 想 骗 你 ，_而 是_ 怕 你 不 高兴 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ méi shuō _bù shì_ yīnwèi xiǎng piàn nǐ, _ér shì_ pà nǐ bù gāoxìng. -->
+  - I didn't tell you not because I wanted to deceive you, but rather I was afraid you would be upset.
+- 我 _不 是_ 不 想 帮 你 ，_而 是_ 没有 能力 帮 你 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ _bù shì_ bù xiǎng bāng nǐ, _ér shì_ méiyǒu nénglì bāng nǐ. -->
+  - It's not that I don't want to help you, it's that I have no way to help you.
+- 重要 的 _不是_ 你 的 外表 ，_而是_ 你 的 内心 。
+  <!-- - Zhòngyào de _bù shì_ nǐ de wàibiǎo, _ér shì_ nǐ de nèixīn. -->
+  - What's important is not how you look on the outside, but rather what's on the inside.
+- 生活 中 _不是_ 缺少 美 ，_而是_ 缺少 发现 美 的 眼睛 。
+  <!-- - Shēnghuó zhōng _bù shì_ quēshǎo měi, _ér shì_ quēshǎo fāxiàn měi de yǎnjīng. -->
+  - It's not that life is lacking in beauty, but rather that we lack eyes that discover it.
+- 我 今天 去 你 家 找 你 了，_而_ 你 不 在 家。
+  <!-- - Wǒ jīntiān qù nǐ jiā zhǎo nǐ le, _ér_ nǐ bù zài jiā. -->
+  - I went to your home today looking for you, but you weren't there.
+- 孩子 发烧 很 严重，_而_ 你 一点 都 不 关心。
+  <!-- - Hái zǐ fāshāo hěn yánzhòng, _ér_ nǐ yīdiǎn dōu bù guānxīn. -->
+  - Your child has a very severe fever, and yet you don't seem at all concerned.
+- 她 在 公司 很 受 欢迎，_而_ 我 并 不 喜欢 她。
+  <!-- - Tā zài gōngsī hěn shòu huānyíng, _ér_ wǒ bìng bù xǐhuan tā. -->
+  - She is very popular in our company, but I don't like her at all.
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+  - [Expressing "not only... but also" with "不但... 而且..."](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22not_only..._but_also%22_with_%22budan..._erqie...%22) (B1)
+- Used for
+  [Contrasting](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Contrasting), [Differentiating](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Differentiating)
+- Keywords: [而](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E8%80%8C), [而是](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E8%80%8C%E6%98%AF)
+
+</TOC>
+
+The conjunction [而](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E8%80%8C) (ér) is used to connect two sentences that are related to each other, and is also frequently used to emphasize contrast between two parts of the sentence. Used in this way, it can be translated as "but rather." 而 is often used in more formal or literary language, but is also common in everyday speech.
+
+## Start with 是
+
+Frequently you'll see the pattern in one of these two more specific forms involving the verb [是](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%98%AF):
+
+### Structure
+
+不是……，而是……
+
+是……，而不是……
+
+Strictly speaking, the 而 isn't _required_ in either of these patterns, but it makes the contrast super clear.
+
+### Examples
+
+- 我们 _是_ 来 办事 的 ，_而 不 是_ 来 玩 的 。
+  <!-- - Wǒmen _shì_ lái bànshì de, _ér bù shì_ lái wán de. -->
+  - We're here to do work, not to have fun.
+- 以后 后悔 的 人 _不 是_ 我，_而 是_ 你 自己。
+  <!-- - Yǐhòu hòuhuǐ de rén _bù shì_ wǒ, _ér shì_ nǐ zìjǐ. -->
+  - The person to later regret this won't be me. It will be you.
+- 你 这样 做 _是_ 害 他 ，_而 不 是_ 帮 他 。
+  <!-- - Nǐ zhèyàng zuò _shì_ hài tā, _ér bù shì_ bāng tā. -->
+  - By doing this you were hurting him, not helping him.
+- 不好意思 ，我 _是_ 不 小心 ，_而 不 是_ 故意 的 。
+  <!-- - Bù hǎoyìsi, wǒ _shì_ bù xiǎoxīn, _ér bù shì_ gùyì de. -->
+  - I'm sorry. It was an accident. It wasn't on purpose.
+- 现在 要 做 的 _不 是_ 责怪 谁 错 了，_而 是_ 怎么 解决。
+  <!-- - Xiànzài yào zuò de _bù shì_ zéguài shéi cuòle, _ér shì_ zěnme jiějué. -->
+  - Now is not the time to place blame, but rather to figure out how to resolve this.
+- 我 没 说 _不 是_ 因为 想 骗 你 ，_而 是_ 怕 你 不 高兴 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ méi shuō _bù shì_ yīnwèi xiǎng piàn nǐ, _ér shì_ pà nǐ bù gāoxìng. -->
+  - I didn't tell you not because I wanted to deceive you, but rather I was afraid you would be upset.
+- 我 _不 是_ 不 想 帮 你 ，_而 是_ 没有 能力 帮 你 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ _bù shì_ bù xiǎng bāng nǐ, _ér shì_ méiyǒu nénglì bāng nǐ. -->
+  - It's not that I don't want to help you, it's that I have no way to help you.
+- 重要 的 _不是_ 你 的 外表 ，_而是_ 你 的 内心 。
+  <!-- - Zhòngyào de _bù shì_ nǐ de wàibiǎo, _ér shì_ nǐ de nèixīn. -->
+  - What's important is not how you look on the outside, but rather what's on the inside.
+- 生活 中 _不是_ 缺少 美 ，_而是_ 缺少 发现 美 的 眼睛 。
+  <!-- - Shēnghuó zhōng _bù shì_ quēshǎo měi, _ér shì_ quēshǎo fāxiàn měi de yǎnjīng. -->
+  - It's not that life is lacking in beauty, but rather that we lack eyes that discover it.
+
+## Generalized Pattern
+
+### Structure
+
+Sentence 1， + 而 + Sentence 2
+
+### Examples
+
+- 我 今天 去 你 家 找 你 了，_而_ 你 不 在 家。
+  <!-- - Wǒ jīntiān qù nǐ jiā zhǎo nǐ le, _ér_ nǐ bù zài jiā. -->
+  - I went to your home today looking for you, but you weren't there.
+- 孩子 发烧 很 严重，_而_ 你 一点 都 不 关心。
+  <!-- - Hái zǐ fāshāo hěn yánzhòng, _ér_ nǐ yīdiǎn dōu bù guānxīn. -->
+  - Your child has a very severe fever, and yet you don't seem at all concerned.
+- 她 在 公司 很 受 欢迎，_而_ 我 并 不 喜欢 她。
+  <!-- - Tā zài gōngsī hěn shòu huānyíng, _ér_ wǒ bìng bù xǐhuan tā. -->
+  - She is very popular in our company, but I don't like her at all.
+
+As you can see, 而 comes between the two to stress the contrast.
+
+## See Also
+
+- ["On the contrary" with "反而"](./反而.md)
+- [Conceding a point with "是"](../B1/是.md)
+- [Expressing "not only… but also"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22not_only%E2%80%A6_but_also%22)
+- [Two words for "but"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Two_words_for_%22but%22)
+- [Using "because" with "而" to indicate effect](../C1/而.md)
+
+## Sources and Further Reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [HSK Standard Course 4上](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8A) (pp. 22) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1) (pp. 343-4) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [卓越汉语－公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 128, 200) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
+- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1) (pp. 277) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [New Practical Chinese Reader 4 (新实用汉语课本4)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_4_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC4)>) (pp. 20) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课下册）](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/40_Lessons_for_Basic_Chinese_Course_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD40%E8%AF%BE%E4%B8%8B%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89) (pp. 516) [ →buy]
+
+### Websites
+
+- Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: [Usage of 而](http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0235.html)
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@

 (Redirected from [ASGXXP6M](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/gramwiki/?title=ASGXXP6M&redirect=no))

- Related: [B2/倒](/_post/grammar/allsetlearning/B2/倒)
+- Related: [B2/倒](/_post/grammar/allsetlearning/B2/倒.md)
 - Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
 - Similar to:
 - Used for: [Contrasting](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Contrasting), [Expressing attitude](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_attitude)
@@ -111,3 +111,10 @@ This pattern is used to urge somebody to response quickly.
  - Walk with me, please!
 - 你们 _倒是_ 签 啊 ！
  - Please sign it! (Why are you hesitating?)
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Practicing_HSK_Grammar_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E7%B2%BE%E8%AE%B2%E7%B2%BE%E7%82%BC)>) (p.38) [→buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001N6R7DI&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001N6R7DI)
+- [Common Chinese Patterns 330 (汉语常用格式330例)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Common_Chinese_Patterns_330_(%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F330%E4%BE%8B)>) (pp. 64) [→buy](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7802006473/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7802006473)
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# Using "because" with "而" to indicate effect
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 我 _因为_ 生病 _而_ 请假。
+  <!-- - Wǒ _yīnwèi_ shēngbìng _ér_ qǐngjià. -->
+  - Because I got sick, I asked for time off.
+- 欧洲 的 经济 _因为_ 债务 危机 _而_ 陷入 衰退。
+  <!-- - Ōuzhōu de jīngjì _yīnwèi_ zhàiwù wéijī _ér_ xiànrù shuāituì. -->
+  - Because Europe is suffering a debt crisis, it is falling into decline.
+- 外婆 只是 _因为_ 孩子 顽皮 _而_ 想 吓唬 他 一下 。
+  <!-- - Wàipó zhǐshì _yīnwèi_ háizi wánpí _ér_ xiǎng xiàhu tā yīxià. -->
+  - Because the kid was being so naughty, granny just wanted to scare him a little.
+- 男 女朋友 之间 经常 _因为_ 吃醋 _而_ 吵架 。
+  <!-- - Nán-nǚpéngyou zhījiān jīngcháng _yīnwèi_ chīcù _ér_ chǎojià. -->
+  - Boyfriends and girlfriends frequently argue because of jealousy.
+- 首相 _因为_ 受贿 丑闻 _而_ 下 了 台。
+  <!-- - Shǒuxiàng _yīnwèi_ shòuhuì chǒuwén _ér_ xià le tái. -->
+  - Because the prime minister's bribery scandal, he fell from power.
+- 伦敦 地铁 _因_ 罢工 _而_ 处于 瘫痪 状态。
+  <!-- - Lúndūn dìtiě _yīn_ bàgōng _ér_ chǔyú tānhuàn zhuàngtài. -->
+  - Because of the London Underground strike, it's in a state of paralysis.
+- 妈妈 _因_ 小朋友 的 陪伴， _而_ 忘记 了 生活 的 不 愉快 。
+  <!-- - Māma _yīn_ xiǎopéngyou de péibàn, _ér_ wàngjì le shēnghuó de bù yúkuài. -->
+  - Because her children are with her, Mom can forget the unpleasantness of life.
+- 他 _因为_ 熬夜 _而_ 精神 不 能 集中。
+  <!-- - Tā _yīnwéi_ áoyè _ér_ jīngshén bù néng jízhōng. -->
+  - He stayed up too late and thus could not concentrate.
+- 这 家 餐厅 _因_ 火锅 _而_ 出名。
+  <!-- - Zhè jiā cāntīng _yīn_ huǒguō _ér_ chūmíng. -->
+  - This restaurant is famous for its hotpot.
+- 生活 _因_ 你 _而_ 精彩。
+  <!-- - Shēnghuó _yīn_ nǐ _ér_ jīngcǎi. -->
+  - Life is wonderful because of you.
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+  - [Expressing "as a result" with "结果"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22as_a_result%22_with_%22jieguo%22) (B1)
+- Used for: [Indicating conditions](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_conditions), [Sequencing events in time](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Sequencing_events_in_time), [Indicating cause and effect](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_cause_and_effect)
+- Keywords: [因为](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%9B%A0%E4%B8%BA), [而](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E8%80%8C)
+
+</TOC>
+
+因为⋯⋯，而⋯⋯ (yīnwèi... ér...) is another structure that can express cause and effect.
+
+## Structure
+
+Subj. + 因(为) + Cause + 而 + Result
+
+Sometimes, 因为 can be shortened to just 因. This is used more in sentences that are meant to be shorter and more succinct.
+
+## Examples
+
+- 我 _因为_ 生病 _而_ 请假。
+  <!-- - Wǒ _yīnwèi_ shēngbìng _ér_ qǐngjià. -->
+  - Because I got sick, I asked for time off.
+- 欧洲 的 经济 _因为_ 债务 危机 _而_ 陷入 衰退。
+  <!-- - Ōuzhōu de jīngjì _yīnwèi_ zhàiwù wéijī _ér_ xiànrù shuāituì. -->
+  - Because Europe is suffering a debt crisis, it is falling into decline.
+- 外婆 只是 _因为_ 孩子 顽皮 _而_ 想 吓唬 他 一下 。
+  <!-- - Wàipó zhǐshì _yīnwèi_ háizi wánpí _ér_ xiǎng xiàhu tā yīxià. -->
+  - Because the kid was being so naughty, granny just wanted to scare him a little.
+- 男 女朋友 之间 经常 _因为_ 吃醋 _而_ 吵架 。
+  <!-- - Nán-nǚpéngyou zhījiān jīngcháng _yīnwèi_ chīcù _ér_ chǎojià. -->
+  - Boyfriends and girlfriends frequently argue because of jealousy.
+- 首相 _因为_ 受贿 丑闻 _而_ 下 了 台。
+  <!-- - Shǒuxiàng _yīnwèi_ shòuhuì chǒuwén _ér_ xià le tái. -->
+  - Because the prime minister's bribery scandal, he fell from power.
+- 伦敦 地铁 _因_ 罢工 _而_ 处于 瘫痪 状态。
+  <!-- - Lúndūn dìtiě _yīn_ bàgōng _ér_ chǔyú tānhuàn zhuàngtài. -->
+  - Because of the London Underground strike, it's in a state of paralysis.
+- 妈妈 _因_ 小朋友 的 陪伴， _而_ 忘记 了 生活 的 不 愉快 。
+  <!-- - Māma _yīn_ xiǎopéngyou de péibàn, _ér_ wàngjì le shēnghuó de bù yúkuài. -->
+  - Because her children are with her, Mom can forget the unpleasantness of life.
+- 他 _因为_ 熬夜 _而_ 精神 不 能 集中。
+  <!-- - Tā _yīnwéi_ áoyè _ér_ jīngshén bù néng jízhōng. -->
+  - He stayed up too late and thus could not concentrate.
+- 这 家 餐厅 _因_ 火锅 _而_ 出名。
+  <!-- - Zhè jiā cāntīng _yīn_ huǒguō _ér_ chūmíng. -->
+  - This restaurant is famous for its hotpot.
+- 生活 _因_ 你 _而_ 精彩。
+  <!-- - Shēnghuó _yīn_ nǐ _ér_ jīngcǎi. -->
+  - Life is wonderful because of you.
+
+## See also
+
+- [Cause and effect with "因为" and "所以"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Cause_and_effect_with_%22yinwei%22_and_%22suoyi%22)
+- [Explaining results with "所以"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Explaining_results_with_%22suoyi%22)
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [New Practical Chinese Reader 5 (新实用汉语课本5)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_5_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC5)>) (pp. 92) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+
+### Websites
+
+- Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: [Usage of 而](http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0235.html)