# Expressing "therefore" with "因此" - 我 病 了 , _因此_ 心情 不好。 - I am sick, therefore I am not in a good mood. - 昨天 下雨 了, _因此_ 我 没有 出门。 - It rained yesterday, therefore I did not go out. - 她 在 农村 长大, _因此_ 很 了解 农民 的 生活。 - She grew up in the country, so she understands the country people's way of life. - 我 没有 准备 好 所有 的 东西, _因此_ 有些 紧张。 - I didn't fully prepare everything, so I was a little nervous. - 小王 说话 不 好听, _因此_ 他 得罪 了 很 多 人 。 - Xiao Wang spoke overly bluntly, so he offended many people. - 下个 月 考试, _因此_ 这个 月 我 没有 出去 玩,在 好好 准备。 - I will have an exam next month, therefore this month I am not going out to play. I am preparing well. - 韩寒 的 文笔 好, _因此_ 他 写 的 小说 很 受 欢迎。 - Han Han's writing style is very good, therefore the novels that he writes are very popular. - 工厂 已经 停产 很 久 了, _因此_ 无法 给 工人 发 工资。 - The factory has long since ceased production, and therefore is unable to give its workers their wages. - 上海 的 冬天 经常 下雨, _因此_ 在 我的 印象 中,上海的 冬天 湿冷 湿冷 的。 - It often rains in winter in Shanghai, therefore my impression is that winter in Shanghai is wet and cold. - 希腊 政府 决定 停止 使用 自动 取款机 , _因此_ , 取款机 外面 有 很 多 人 排队 取钱 。 - The Greek government decided to end the use of automated teller machines. As a result, there were lots of people outside lined up to withdraw money from the ATMs. - Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points) - Similar to - [Cause and effect with "因为" and "所以"](../A2/因为...所以.md) (A2) - [Expressing "and then" with "于是"](./于是.md) (B2) - [Expressing "in short" with "总之"](../C1/conjunctions/总之.md) (C1) - Used for: [Indicating cause and effect](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_cause_and_effect) - Keywords: [因此](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%9B%A0%E6%AD%A4) 因此 (yīncǐ), literally "because of this," is a conjunction meaning "therefore," and is used in formal writing. ## Structure Cause, + 因此 + Effect ## Examples - 我 病 了 , _因此_ 心情 不好。 - I am sick, therefore I am not in a good mood. - 昨天 下雨 了, _因此_ 我 没有 出门。 - It rained yesterday, therefore I did not go out. - 她 在 农村 长大, _因此_ 很 了解 农民 的 生活。 - She grew up in the country, so she understands the country people's way of life. - 我 没有 准备 好 所有 的 东西, _因此_ 有些 紧张。 - I didn't fully prepare everything, so I was a little nervous. - 小王 说话 不 好听, _因此_ 他 得罪 了 很 多 人 。 - Xiao Wang spoke overly bluntly, so he offended many people. - 下个 月 考试, _因此_ 这个 月 我 没有 出去 玩,在 好好 准备。 - I will have an exam next month, therefore this month I am not going out to play. I am preparing well. - 韩寒 的 文笔 好, _因此_ 他 写 的 小说 很 受 欢迎。 - Han Han's writing style is very good, therefore the novels that he writes are very popular. - 工厂 已经 停产 很 久 了, _因此_ 无法 给 工人 发 工资。 - The factory has long since ceased production, and therefore is unable to give its workers their wages. - 上海 的 冬天 经常 下雨, _因此_ 在 我的 印象 中,上海的 冬天 湿冷 湿冷 的。 - It often rains in winter in Shanghai, therefore my impression is that winter in Shanghai is wet and cold. - 希腊 政府 决定 停止 使用 自动 取款机 , _因此_ , 取款机 外面 有 很 多 人 排队 取钱 。 - The Greek government decided to end the use of automated teller machines. As a result, there were lots of people outside lined up to withdraw money from the ATMs. ## Sources and further reading ### Books - [HSK Standard Course 4上](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8A) (pp. 96) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) - [New Practical Chinese Reader 5 (新实用汉语课本5)]() (pp. 29) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) - [卓越汉语-公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 67) [卓越汉语-公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,) - [40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课下册)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/40_Lessons_for_Basic_Chinese_Course_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD40%E8%AF%BE%E4%B8%8B%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89) (pp. 430) [ →buy]