# Expressing "again" in the past with "又"

<SentenceQuiz>

- _又_ 下雨 **了** ！
  <!-- - _Yòu_ xiàyǔ **le**! -->
  - It rained again!
- 你 _又_ 迟到 **了** 。
  <!-- - Nǐ _yòu_ chídào **le**. -->
  - You're late again.
- 宝宝 _又_ 哭 **了** 。
  <!-- - Bǎobao _yòu_ kū **le**. -->
  - The baby is crying again.
- 我 _又_ 忘 **了** 。
  <!-- - Wǒ _yòu_ wàng **le**. -->
  - I forgot again.
- 他 _又_ **没** 来 上课 。
  <!-- - Tā _yòu_ **méi** lái shàngkè. -->
  - He didn't come to class again.
- 你们 _又_ **不** 付钱 ？
  <!-- - Nǐmen _yòu_ **bù** fùqián? -->
  - You're not paying again?
- 你 _又_ **不** 参加 ？
  <!-- - Nǐ _yòu_ **bù** cānjiā? -->
  - You are not going to participate again?
- 对不起 ，我 _又_ **没** 带 书 。
  <!-- - Duìbuqǐ, wǒ _yòu_ **méi** dài shū. -->
  - Sorry, I forgot to bring the book again.
- 今天 _又_ **要** 加班 **了** ！
  <!-- - Jīntiān _yòu_ **yào** jiābān **le**! -->
  - We've got to work overtime again today!
- 老板 请客 ，_又_ **可以** 吃 大餐 **了** ！
  <!-- - Lǎobǎn qǐngkè, _yòu_ **kěyǐ** chī dàcān **le**! -->
  - The boss is going to treat us. We can have a big meal again!
- 快 过年 了 ，我们 _又_ **能** 拿 红包 **了** ！
  <!-- - Kuài guònián le, wǒmen _yòu_ **néng** ná hóngbāo **le**! -->
  - It's almost Chinese New Year. We can get our red packets [of money] again!

</SentenceQuiz>

<TOC>

- Level: [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK3](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK3_grammar_points)
- Similar to
  - [Emphasizing negation with "又"](./又不.md) (B1)
  - [Expressing "again" in the future with "再"](./再.md) (B1)
  - [Comparing "再" and "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Comparing_%22zai%22_and_%22you%22) (B2)
  - [Expressing "over and over again" with "再三"](../B2/再三.md) (B2)
  - [Repeated actions in the past with "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Repeated_actions_in_the_past_with_%22you%22) (B2)
- Used for: [Referring to the past](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Referring_to_the_past), [Expressing time and date](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_time_and_date)
- Keywords: [了](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BA%86), [又](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8F%88)

</TOC>

Whenever you want to express something that has happened [again](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Again), as in, "oops, I did it _again_!" in Chinese, you generally want to use 又 (yòu). (You'll want to use [再 (zài) for "again" in the future](./再.md).)

## Affirmative Form

### Structure

Normally, 又 is used to express an action that has already happened again for (at least) the second time. It doesn't have to be in quick succession; it happened before, and now it's happened again.

(Subj. +) 又 + Verb + 了

### Examples

- _又_ 下雨 **了** ！
  <!-- - _Yòu_ xiàyǔ **le**! -->
  - It rained again!
- 你 _又_ 迟到 **了** 。
  <!-- - Nǐ _yòu_ chídào **le**. -->
  - You're late again.
- 宝宝 _又_ 哭 **了** 。
  <!-- - Bǎobao _yòu_ kū **le**. -->
  - The baby is crying again.
- 我 _又_ 忘 **了** 。
  <!-- - Wǒ _yòu_ wàng **le**. -->
  - I forgot again.

## Negative Form

### Structure

(Subj. +) 又 + 不 / 没 + Verb

### Examples

- 他 _又_ **没** 来 上课 。
  <!-- - Tā _yòu_ **méi** lái shàngkè. -->
  - He didn't come to class again.
- 你们 _又_ **不** 付钱 ？
  <!-- - Nǐmen _yòu_ **bù** fùqián? -->
  - You're not paying again?
- 你 _又_ **不** 参加 ？
  <!-- - Nǐ _yòu_ **bù** cānjiā? -->
  - You are not going to participate again?
- 对不起 ，我 _又_ **没** 带 书 。
  <!-- - Duìbuqǐ, wǒ _yòu_ **méi** dài shū. -->
  - Sorry, I forgot to bring the book again.

## Colloquial Saying 又来了

又来了 fits the above pattern, but is also a little tricky because it expresses something that is still ongoing, and has already started as the speaker is speaking. Literally it means "here it comes again," but it's more accurate to translate it as "there it is again," or "there [he] goes again." It indicates that the speaker is a bit annoyed that it happened _again_.

## Other Usage

When it becomes clear that something is about to happen again, you can also use 又. It's almost as if it has already happened in your mind. In these cases, it's quite common for 又 to be immediately followed by 是 (shì), 要 (yào), 可以 (kěyǐ), or 能 (néng), and you'll notice that there's often a [了, indicating that something is about to happen](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/About_to_happen_with_%22le%22).

Some examples:

- 今天 _又_ **要** 加班 **了** ！
  <!-- - Jīntiān _yòu_ **yào** jiābān **le**! -->
  - We've got to work overtime again today!
- 老板 请客 ，_又_ **可以** 吃 大餐 **了** ！
  <!-- - Lǎobǎn qǐngkè, _yòu_ **kěyǐ** chī dàcān **le**! -->
  - The boss is going to treat us. We can have a big meal again!
- 快 过年 了 ，我们 _又_ **能** 拿 红包 **了** ！
  <!-- - Kuài guònián le, wǒmen _yòu_ **néng** ná hóngbāo **le**! -->
  - It's almost Chinese New Year. We can get our red packets [of money] again!

## See also

- ["Both A and B" with "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22Both_A_and_B%22_with_%22you%22)
- [Comparing "再" and "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Comparing_%22zai%22_and_%22you%22)
- ["Both… and…" with "既...又"](../B2/既...又.md)
- [Advanced use of "又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Advanced_use_of_%22you%22)
- [Emphasizing negation with "又"](./又不.md)
- [Expressing "again" in the future with "再"](./再.md)

## Sources and further reading

### Books

- [Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(3rd_ed)>) (pp. 141-2) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1) (pp. 157) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_2) (pp. 288) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_3_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC3)>) (pp. 202) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [现代汉语八百词（增订本）](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D%EF%BC%88%E5%A2%9E%E8%AE%A2%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%89) (pp. 633) [ →buy]
- [现代汉语虚词例释](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D%E4%BE%8B%E9%87%8A) (pp. 588) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)

### Dictionaries

- [现代汉语八百词（增订本）](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D%EF%BC%88%E5%A2%9E%E8%AE%A2%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%89) (pp. 633) [ →buy]
- [现代汉语虚词例释](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D%E4%BE%8B%E9%87%8A) (pp. 588) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
- [现代汉语词典（第5版）](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC5%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89) (pp. 1656) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)

### Websites

- Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: [Using 再 and 又](http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0212.html)