link opening in app

docs/.vitepress/theme/index.ts

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
-import "./style.css";
 import "./custom.css";
+import "./style.css";
 
 import DefaultTheme from "vitepress/theme";
 // https://vitepress.dev/guide/custom-theme
 import { h } from "vue";
 
+import { openUrl } from "@tauri-apps/plugin-opener";
+
 import SentenceQuiz from "./components/SentenceQuiz.vue";
 import TOC from "./components/TOC.vue";
 
 import type { Theme } from "vitepress";
+
 export default {
   extends: DefaultTheme,
   Layout: () => {
@@ -17,6 +20,24 @@ export default {
     });
   },
   enhanceApp({ app, router, siteData }) {
+    app.runWithContext(() => {
+      if (typeof window === "undefined") return;
+      window.document.addEventListener("click", (ev) => {
+        const { target } = ev;
+        if (!target || !(target instanceof HTMLAnchorElement)) return;
+        if (target.href.startsWith("https://")) {
+          ev.preventDefault();
+          if (
+            target.href.startsWith(
+              "https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/",
+            )
+          )
+            return;
+          openUrl(target.href);
+        }
+      });
+    });
+
     // ...
     app.component("SentenceQuiz", SentenceQuiz);
     app.component("TOC", TOC);

docs/allsetlearning/A2/因为...所以.md

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+# Cause and effect with "因为" and "所以"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 他 学 得 很 快 ，_因为_ 他 很 聪明 。
+  <!-- - Tā xué de hěn kuài, _yīnwèi_ tā hěn cōngming. -->
+  - He learns fast because he is smart.
+- 我 爱 吃 四川 菜 ，_因为_ 很 辣 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ ài chī Sìchuān cài, _yīnwèi_ hěn là. -->
+  - I love eating Sichuan food because it's very spicy.
+- 我 在 学习 中文 ，_因为_ 我 想 去 中国 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ zài xuéxí Zhōngwén, _yīnwèi_ wǒ xiǎng qù Zhōngguó. -->
+  - I am studying Chinese because I want to go to China.
+- 我 不 喜欢 她 ，_因为_ 她 不 友好 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ bù xǐhuan tā, _yīnwèi_ tā bù yǒuhǎo. -->
+  - I don't like her because she is very unfriendly.
+- 今天 我们 很 忙 ，_因为_ 有 很 多 工作 。
+  <!-- - Jīntiān wǒmen hěn máng, _yīnwèi_ yǒu hěn duō gōngzuò.  -->
+  - We are very busy today because we have lots of work.
+- 汉字 太 难 了，_所以_ 我 不 想 学 。
+  <!-- - Hànzì tài nán le, _suǒyǐ_ wǒ bù xiǎng xué. -->
+  - Chinese characters are too hard, so I don't want to study them.
+- 她 很 漂亮，_所以_ 很 多 男孩 喜欢 她。
+  <!-- - Tā hěn piàoliang, _suǒyǐ_ hěn duō nánhái xǐhuan tā. -->
+  - She is beautiful, so a lot of boys like her.
+- 他 找到 工作 了， _所以_ 很 高兴。
+  <!-- - Tā zhǎodào gōngzuò le, _suǒyǐ_ hěn gāoxìng. -->
+  - He found a job so he's happy.
+- 我 太 忙 了，_所以_ 没有 时间 给 你 打 电话。
+  <!-- - Wǒ tài máng le, _suǒyǐ_ méiyǒu shíjiān gěi nǐ dǎ diànhuà. -->
+  - I was too busy, so I didn't have time to give you a call.
+- 我们 公司 有 很 多 外国人，_所以_ 我们 要 说 英文。
+  <!-- - Wǒmen gōngsī yǒu hěn duō wàiguó rén, _suǒyǐ_ wǒmen yào shuō Yīngwén. -->
+  - There are a lot of foreigners in our company, so we need to speak English.
+- _因为_ 我 有 一个 中国 女朋友，_所以_ 我 要 学 中文。
+  <!-- - _Yīnwèi_ wǒ yǒu yī gè Zhōngguó nǚpéngyou, _suǒyǐ_ wǒ yào xué Zhōngwén. -->
+  - Since I have a Chinese girlfriend, I need to study Chinese.
+- _因为_ 他 生病 了，_所以_ 没 去 上课。
+  <!-- - _Yīnwèi_ tā shēngbìng le, _suǒyǐ_ méi qù shàngkè. -->
+  - Since he was sick, he didn't go to class.
+- _因为_ 我 很 累，_所以_ 要 休息。
+  <!-- - _Yīnwèi_ wǒ hěn lèi, _suǒyǐ_ yào xiūxi. -->
+  - I'm very tired, so I want to rest.
+- _因为_ 太 远 了，_所以_ 我 不 想 去。
+  <!-- - _Yīnwèi_ tài yuǎn le, _suǒyǐ_ wǒ bù xiǎng qù. -->
+  - Since it's too far, I don't want to go.
+- _因为_ 太 忙， _所以_ 我们 没有 时间 吃 中饭。
+  <!-- -  _Yīnwèi_ tài máng, _suǒyǐ_ wǒmen méiyǒu shíjiān chī zhōngfàn. -->
+  - We were too busy, so none of us had time to eat lunch.
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [A2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/A2_grammar_points) / [HSK2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK2_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+  - [Expressing "as a result" with "结果"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22as_a_result%22_with_%22jieguo%22) (B1)
+  - [Expressing "then…" with "那么"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22then%E2%80%A6%22_with_%22name%22) (B1)
+  - [Expressing "since" with "既然"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22since%22_with_%22jiran%22) (B2)
+  - [Expressing "therefore" with "因此"](../B2/因此.md) (B2)
+  - [Stating the effect before the cause](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Stating_the_effect_before_the_cause) (B2)
+  - [Express an action and its effect by using "通过... 是"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Express_an_action_and_its_effect_by_using_%22tongguo%E2%80%A6_shi%22) (C1)
+  - [Using "because" with "而" to indicate effect](../C1/而.md) (C1)
+- Used for: [Expressing result](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_result), [Sequencing events in time](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Sequencing_events_in_time), [Indicating cause and effect](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_cause_and_effect)
+- Keywords: [以](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BB%A5), [因为](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%9B%A0%E4%B8%BA), [所以](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%89%80%E4%BB%A5)
+
+</TOC>
+
+You will often come across 因为⋯⋯所以⋯⋯ (yīnwèi... suǒyǐ...) in both written and spoken Chinese. This pattern will give your Chinese a clear logical structure, and can help make you more persuasive.
+
+## Using 因为 (yīnwèi) by Itself to Explain Causes
+
+A common way to explain causes in Chinese is with 因为 (yīnwèi). This is equivalent to "because" in English. Usually 因为 (yīnwèi) will begin a new phrase in a sentence.
+
+### Structure
+
+In this structure, we first state the result, and then give the reason in the next statement after the 因为 (yīnwèi).
+
+Result, 因为 + Reason
+
+### Examples
+
+- 他 学 得 很 快 ，_因为_ 他 很 聪明 。
+  <!-- - Tā xué de hěn kuài, _yīnwèi_ tā hěn cōngming. -->
+  - He learns fast because he is smart.
+- 我 爱 吃 四川 菜 ，_因为_ 很 辣 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ ài chī Sìchuān cài, _yīnwèi_ hěn là. -->
+  - I love eating Sichuan food because it's very spicy.
+- 我 在 学习 中文 ，_因为_ 我 想 去 中国 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ zài xuéxí Zhōngwén, _yīnwèi_ wǒ xiǎng qù Zhōngguó. -->
+  - I am studying Chinese because I want to go to China.
+- 我 不 喜欢 她 ，_因为_ 她 不 友好 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ bù xǐhuan tā, _yīnwèi_ tā bù yǒuhǎo. -->
+  - I don't like her because she is very unfriendly.
+- 今天 我们 很 忙 ，_因为_ 有 很 多 工作 。
+  <!-- - Jīntiān wǒmen hěn máng, _yīnwèi_ yǒu hěn duō gōngzuò.  -->
+  - We are very busy today because we have lots of work.
+
+## Using 所以 (suǒyǐ) by Itself to Explain Results
+
+Just as 因为 (yīnwèi) can be used to explain causes, 所以 (suǒyǐ) can be used to explain results. This is the equivalent of "so…" or "therefore…" in English.
+
+### Structure
+
+This pattern is similar to the expression using both 因为 (yīnwèi) and 所以 (suǒyǐ), but it leaves out the beginning 因为 (yīnwèi). This structure is more informal.
+
+Reason, 所以 + Result
+
+### Examples
+
+- 汉字 太 难 了，_所以_ 我 不 想 学 。
+  <!-- - Hànzì tài nán le, _suǒyǐ_ wǒ bù xiǎng xué. -->
+  - Chinese characters are too hard, so I don't want to study them.
+- 她 很 漂亮，_所以_ 很 多 男孩 喜欢 她。
+  <!-- - Tā hěn piàoliang, _suǒyǐ_ hěn duō nánhái xǐhuan tā. -->
+  - She is beautiful, so a lot of boys like her.
+- 他 找到 工作 了， _所以_ 很 高兴。
+  <!-- - Tā zhǎodào gōngzuò le, _suǒyǐ_ hěn gāoxìng. -->
+  - He found a job so he's happy.
+- 我 太 忙 了，_所以_ 没有 时间 给 你 打 电话。
+  <!-- - Wǒ tài máng le, _suǒyǐ_ méiyǒu shíjiān gěi nǐ dǎ diànhuà. -->
+  - I was too busy, so I didn't have time to give you a call.
+- 我们 公司 有 很 多 外国人，_所以_ 我们 要 说 英文。
+  <!-- - Wǒmen gōngsī yǒu hěn duō wàiguó rén, _suǒyǐ_ wǒmen yào shuō Yīngwén. -->
+  - There are a lot of foreigners in our company, so we need to speak English.
+
+## Using 因为 (yīnwèi) and 所以 (suǒyǐ) Together
+
+The full pattern 因为……所以…… (yīnwèi... suǒyǐ...) is used to clearly indicate cause and effect. They could be thought of as equating to: "Since **_ happened, so _** happened." It sounds weird to use both "since" and "so" in one sentence in English, but it makes everything crystal clear in Chinese.
+
+### Structure
+
+因为 + Cause, 所以 + Effect
+
+This expresses that because of _cause_, therefore there is a _result_.
+
+### Examples
+
+- _因为_ 我 有 一个 中国 女朋友，_所以_ 我 要 学 中文。
+  <!-- - _Yīnwèi_ wǒ yǒu yī gè Zhōngguó nǚpéngyou, _suǒyǐ_ wǒ yào xué Zhōngwén. -->
+  - Since I have a Chinese girlfriend, I need to study Chinese.
+- _因为_ 他 生病 了，_所以_ 没 去 上课。
+  <!-- - _Yīnwèi_ tā shēngbìng le, _suǒyǐ_ méi qù shàngkè. -->
+  - Since he was sick, he didn't go to class.
+- _因为_ 我 很 累，_所以_ 要 休息。
+  <!-- - _Yīnwèi_ wǒ hěn lèi, _suǒyǐ_ yào xiūxi. -->
+  - I'm very tired, so I want to rest.
+- _因为_ 太 远 了，_所以_ 我 不 想 去。
+  <!-- - _Yīnwèi_ tài yuǎn le, _suǒyǐ_ wǒ bù xiǎng qù. -->
+  - Since it's too far, I don't want to go.
+- _因为_ 太 忙， _所以_ 我们 没有 时间 吃 中饭。
+  <!-- -  _Yīnwèi_ tài máng, _suǒyǐ_ wǒmen méiyǒu shíjiān chī zhōngfàn. -->
+  - We were too busy, so none of us had time to eat lunch.
+
+## See also
+
+- [Stating the effect before the cause](../B2/之所以.md) (advanced article)
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [HSK Standard Course 2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_2) (pp. 44) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Modern_Mandarin_Chinese_Grammar:_A_Practical_Guide) (pp. 272-4) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Basic_Patterns_of_Chinese_Grammar) (pp. 79) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_1_(3rd_ed)>) (pp. 108) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [现代汉语虚词例释](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D%E4%BE%8B%E9%87%8A) (pp. 482) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
+
+### Websites
+
+- Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: [How to use 因为 and 由于](http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0201.html)

docs/allsetlearning/B1/为了.md

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+# Expressing purpose with "为了"
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK3](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK3_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+  - [Expressing "for" with "为"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22for%22_with_%22wei%22) (B1)
+  - [Expressing "in this way" with "这样"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22in_this_way%22_with_%22zheyang%22) (B1)
+  - [Using "来" to connect two verb phrases](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Using_%22lai%22_to_connect_two_verb_phrases) (B1)
+  - [Expressing purpose with "好"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_purpose_with_%22hao%22) (B2)
+  - [Stating the effect before the cause](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Stating_the_effect_before_the_cause) (B2)
+  - [Explaining purpose with "为... 而..."](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Explaining_purpose_with_%22wei..._er...%22) (C1)
+- Used for: [Expressing purpose](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_purpose)
+- Keywords: [为了](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%BA%E4%BA%86), [为](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%BA)
+
+</TOC>
+
+为了 (wèile) is most often used to indicate the purpose of an action or the person that will benefit from some act of kindness. In the "purpose" sense, it almost exactly corresponds to "in order to" or "for the purpose of" in English.
+
+## Basic Usage
+
+When 为了 indicates the purpose of an action, it's usually acting as a [preposition](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Preposition). In this role, the _whole_ "为了 phrase" should come **before** the verb.
+
+### Structure
+
+为了 ⋯⋯ ，Subj. ⋯⋯
+
+Note also that 为了 is a single word; the 了 here is not serving its role as a particle in this case.
+
+### Examples
+
+- _为了_ 钱 ，他 什么 都 愿意 做 。
+  - _Wèile_ qián, tā shénme dōu yuànyì zuò.
+  - He's willing to do anything for money.
+- _为了_ 孩子 的 未来 ，他 决定 搬到 上海 。
+  - _Wèile_ háizi de wèilái, tā juédìng bāndào Shànghǎi.
+  - He decided to move to Shanghai for his children's future.
+- _为了_ 这个 面试 ，他 买 了 一 套 很 贵 的 西服 。
+  - _Wèile_ zhège miànshì, tā mǎi le yī tào hěn guì de xīfú.
+  - He bought a very expensive suit for this job interview.
+- _为了_ 找 灵感 ，那个 作家 搬到 了 农村 。
+  - _Wèile_ zhǎo línggǎn, nàge zuòjiā bān dào le nóngcūn.
+  - In order to find inspiration, that writer moved to the countryside.
+- 五年 前 ，_为了_ 女朋友 ，他 放弃 了 上海 的 工作。
+  - wǔniánqián，_Wèile_ nǚpéngyou, tā fàngqì le Shànghǎi de gōngzuò.Five years ago he passed up a job in Shanghai for his girlfriend.
+- _为了_ 奖励 大家 ，公司 明年 带 你们 去 日本 旅行 。
+  - _Wèile_ jiǎnglì dàjiā, gōngsī míngnián dài nǐmen qù Rìběn lǚxíng.
+  - In order to reward everyone, the company will take you all on a trip to Japan next year.
+
+## Expressing "the Reason Why"
+
+Sometimes you will see 为了 following 是. In this case, 为了 mean "for." Note that 为了 and 因为 both have the character 为 in them, and they have sort of similar meanings. You will also see 因为 following 是, instead of 为了. It literally means "is because (of)."
+
+### Structure
+
+⋯⋯ 是 + 为了 / 因为 ⋯⋯
+
+### Examples
+
+- 我 这么 做 _是 为了_ 帮 你 。
+  - Wǒ zhème zuò _shì wèile_ bāng nǐ.
+  - I did all this to help you.
+- 他 做 兼职 _是 为了_ 多 赚 点 钱 。
+  - Tā zuò jiānzhí _shì wèile_ duō zhuàn diǎn qián.
+  - The reason why he has a part time job is to make a little more money.
+- 你 学 中文 _是 因为_ 你 的 中国 女朋友 吗 ？
+  - Nǐ xué Zhōngwén _shì yīnwèi_ nǐde Zhōngguó nǚpéngyou ma?
+  - Are you studying Chinese because of your Chinese girlfriend?
+- 我们 之 所以 反对 _是 因为_ 风险 太 大 。
+  - Wǒmen zhī suǒyǐ fǎnduì _shì yīnwèi_ fēngxiǎn tài dà.
+  - The reason why we oppose it is because the risk is too high.
+
+Note that [之所以](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Stating_the_effect_before_the_cause) is a more difficult pattern, which means "the reason why" in a more formal way.
+
+## See also
+
+- [Expressing "for" with "为"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22for%22_with_%22wei%22)
+- [Expressing purpose with "好"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_purpose_with_%22hao%22)
+- [Using "来" to connect two verb phrases](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Using_%22lai%22_to_connect_two_verb_phrases)
+- [Stating the effect before the cause](../B2/之所以.md)
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [Home With Kids1 (家有儿女1)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Home_With_Kids1_(%E5%AE%B6%E6%9C%89%E5%84%BF%E5%A5%B31)>) (pp. 32) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [New Practical Chinese Reader 4 (新实用汉语课本4)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_4_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC4)>) (pp. 40) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [卓越汉语－公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 12) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
+- [现代汉语虚词例释](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D%E4%BE%8B%E9%87%8A) (pp. 484, 572) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
+- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1) (pp. 347-8) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+
+### Websites
+
+- Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: [Uses of 为 and 为了](http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0236.html)
+
+### Podcasts
+
+- [ Chinesepod Qingwen 为 and 为了](http://chinesepod.com/lessons/%E4%B8%BA-and-%E4%B8%BA%E4%BA%86)

docs/allsetlearning/B1/就是.md

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+# Emphasis with "就是"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 那个 人 _就是_ 她 的 新 男朋友。
+  <!-- - Nàge rén _jiùshì_ tā de xīn nánpéngyou. -->
+  - That guy is her new boyfriend.
+- 他 _就是_ 你 要 找 的 人 。
+  <!-- - Tā _jiùshì_ nǐ yào zhǎo de rén. -->
+  - He's just the person that you're looking for.
+- 我们 _就是_ 他 的 家人 。
+  <!-- - Wǒmen _jiùshì_ tā de jiārén. -->
+  - We're his family.
+- 你 _就是_ 个 笨蛋！
+  <!-- - Nǐ _jiùshì_ gè bèndàn! -->
+  - A moron is precisely what you are!
+- 他 _就是_ 那个 骗子！
+  <!-- - Tā _jiùshì_ nàge piànzi! -->
+  - That con man is him!
+- 他 不 去 旅游 _就是_ 不 想 花钱 。
+  <!-- - Tā bù qù lǚyóu _jiùshì_ bù xiǎng huāqián. -->
+  - He didn't travel only because he doesn't want to spend the money.
+- 你 不 参加 比赛 _就是_ 怕 输 吗 ？
+  <!-- - Nǐ bù cānjiā bǐsài _jiùshì_ pà shū ma? -->
+  - You're not entering the competition just because you're afraid of losing?
+- 他 这样 说 _就是_ 不 喜欢 我 。
+  <!-- - Tā zhèyàng shuō _jiùshì_ bù xǐhuan wǒ. -->
+  - He said this only because he doesn't like me.
+- 她 问 这么 多，_就是_ 担心 你 。
+  <!-- - Tā wèn zhème duō, _jiùshì_ dānxīn nǐ. -->
+  - She asked so many questions only because she's worried about you.
+- 她 _就是_ 漂亮 ，没 别的 优势 。
+  <!-- - Tā _jiùshì_ piàoliang, méi biéde yōushì. -->
+  - She's just pretty; she doesn't have any other strengths.
+- 我 _就_ 要 去！
+  <!-- - Wǒ _jiù_ yào qù! -->
+  - I just want to go!
+- 我 _就是_ 喜欢 他。
+  <!-- - Wǒ _jiù shì_ xǐhuan tā. -->
+  - I just like him.
+- 我 _就_ 不 告诉 你 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ _jiù_ bù gàosu nǐ. -->
+  - I'm just not going to tell you.
+- 我 父母 _就是_ 不 让 我 一个人 去 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ fùmǔ _jiùshì_ bù ràng wǒ yīgèrén qù. -->
+  - My parents simply won't let me go alone.
+- 这个 学生 *就是*不 听 老师 的 话 。
+  <!-- - Zhège xuéshēng _jiùshì_ bù tīng lǎoshī de huà. -->
+  - The student just wouldn't listen to his teacher.
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK2_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+- Used for: [Emphasizing](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Emphasizing)
+- Keywords: [就](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%B0%B1), [就是](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%B0%B1%E6%98%AF)
+
+</TOC>
+
+As an adverb, 就 (jiù) can be placed before the [predicate](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Predicate) to add emphasis. It often has an intense or provocative feel to it, similar to "just." In English we might say, "it's _just_ not right!" This emphasis very often appears as 就是 in Chinese.
+
+## Used as "Is Exactly"
+
+### Structure
+
+就是 + Noun
+
+### Examples
+
+- 那个 人 _就是_ 她 的 新 男朋友。
+  <!-- - Nàge rén _jiùshì_ tā de xīn nánpéngyou. -->
+  - That guy is her new boyfriend.
+- 他 _就是_ 你 要 找 的 人 。
+  <!-- - Tā _jiùshì_ nǐ yào zhǎo de rén. -->
+  - He's just the person that you're looking for.
+- 我们 _就是_ 他 的 家人 。
+  <!-- - Wǒmen _jiùshì_ tā de jiārén. -->
+  - We're his family.
+- 你 _就是_ 个 笨蛋！
+  <!-- - Nǐ _jiùshì_ gè bèndàn! -->
+  - A moron is precisely what you are!
+- 他 _就是_ 那个 骗子！
+  <!-- - Tā _jiùshì_ nàge piànzi! -->
+  - That con man is him!
+
+## Used as "Only Because"
+
+就是 can be used to intensify the predicate to mean "only (because of) that and nothing else." In this case, 是 can't be omitted. In many cases, you could also add in an 因为, but it's not required.
+
+### Examples
+
+- 他 不 去 旅游 _就是_ 不 想 花钱 。
+  <!-- - Tā bù qù lǚyóu _jiùshì_ bù xiǎng huāqián. -->
+  - He didn't travel only because he doesn't want to spend the money.
+- 你 不 参加 比赛 _就是_ 怕 输 吗 ？
+  <!-- - Nǐ bù cānjiā bǐsài _jiùshì_ pà shū ma? -->
+  - You're not entering the competition just because you're afraid of losing?
+- 他 这样 说 _就是_ 不 喜欢 我 。
+  <!-- - Tā zhèyàng shuō _jiùshì_ bù xǐhuan wǒ. -->
+  - He said this only because he doesn't like me.
+- 她 问 这么 多，_就是_ 担心 你 。
+  <!-- - Tā wèn zhème duō, _jiùshì_ dānxīn nǐ. -->
+  - She asked so many questions only because she's worried about you.
+- 她 _就是_ 漂亮 ，没 别的 优势 。
+  <!-- - Tā _jiùshì_ piàoliang, méi biéde yōushì. -->
+  - She's just pretty; she doesn't have any other strengths.
+
+## Other Usage
+
+In the examples above, 就 pairs exclusively with the verb 是. But 就 can also come before other verbs, with similar emphatic effect. In these cases, it's also OK to use 就是 before the other verbs as well.
+
+### Structure
+
+就(是) + (不) + Verb
+
+### Examples
+
+- 我 _就_ 要 去！
+  <!-- - Wǒ _jiù_ yào qù! -->
+  - I just want to go!
+- 我 _就是_ 喜欢 他。
+  <!-- - Wǒ _jiù shì_ xǐhuan tā. -->
+  - I just like him.
+- 我 _就_ 不 告诉 你 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ _jiù_ bù gàosu nǐ. -->
+  - I'm just not going to tell you.
+- 我 父母 _就是_ 不 让 我 一个人 去 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ fùmǔ _jiùshì_ bù ràng wǒ yīgèrén qù. -->
+  - My parents simply won't let me go alone.
+- 这个 学生 *就是*不 听 老师 的 话 。
+  <!-- - Zhège xuéshēng _jiùshì_ bù tīng lǎoshī de huà. -->
+  - The student just wouldn't listen to his teacher.
+
+As you may have noticed, many of these uses of 就 or 就是 carry a flippant, stubborn tone, referred to as 任性 (rènxìng) in Chinese.
+
+## See also
+
+- ["Just" with "就" ](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22Just%22_with_%22jiu%22)
+- [Comparing "才" and "就"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Comparing_%22cai%22_and_%22jiu%22)
+- [Events in quick succession with "以... 就"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Events_in_quick_succession_with_%22yi..._jiu%22)
+- [Expressing earliness with "就" ](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_earliness_with_%22jiu%22)
+- [Expressing indifference with "就"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_indifference_with_%22jiu%22)
+- [Limiting scope with "就"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Limiting_scope_with_%22jiu%22)
+- ["If…, then…" with "如果, 就…"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22If%E2%80%A6,_then%E2%80%A6%22_with_%22ruguo%E2%80%A6,_jiu%E2%80%A6%22)
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [现代汉语虚词例释](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D%E4%BE%8B%E9%87%8A) (pp. 316) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
+
+### Dictionaries
+
+- [现代汉语词典（第5版）](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC5%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89) (pp. 733) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)

docs/allsetlearning/B1/结果.md

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+# Expressing "as a result" with "结果"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 她 穿 得 很 少 ，_结果_ 感冒 了 。
+  <!-- - Tā chuān de hěn shǎo, _jiéguǒ_ gǎnmào le. -->
+  - She didn't dress warmly enough, and as a result, she caught a cold.
+- 我 太 紧张 了 ，_结果_ 说 错 了 很 多 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ tài jǐnzhāng le, _jiéguǒ_ shuō cuò le hěn duō. -->
+  - I was too nervous. As a result, I misspoke a lot.
+- 他 开 得 太 快 了 ，_结果_ 撞到 了 一 个 人 。
+  <!-- - Tā kāi de tài kuài le, _jiéguǒ_ zhuàngdào le yī gè rén. -->
+  - He drove too fast. As a result, he hit someone.
+- 他 没 好好 复习，_结果_ 考试 没 考 好 。
+  <!-- - Tā méi hǎohāo fùxí, _jiéguǒ_ kǎoshì méi kǎo hǎo. -->
+  - He didn't review well. As a result, he didn't do well in the exam.
+- 他 总是 迟到 ，_结果_ 老板 炒 了 他 的 鱿鱼 。
+  <!-- - Tā zǒngshì chídào, _jiéguǒ_ lǎobǎn chǎo le tā de yóuyú. -->
+  - He's always late for work. As a result, his boss fired him.
+- 我 去 机场 接 他 ，_结果_ 没 接到 他 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ qù jīchǎng jiē tā, _jiéguǒ_ méi jiēdào tā. -->
+  - I went to the airport to pick him up. But in the end, I didn't find him there.
+- 我 跟 朋友 打赌 ，_结果_ 我 输 了 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ gēn péngyou dǎdǔ, _jiéguǒ_ wǒ shū le. -->
+  - I made a bet with a friend. I lost in the end.
+- 我 昨天 跟 朋友 去 喝酒 ，_结果_ 喝醉 了 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ zuótiān gēn péngyou qù hējiǔ, _jiéguǒ_ hēzuì le. -->
+  - I went to have a drink with my friends yesterday. I ended up getting drunk.
+- 他 吃 了 很 多 药 ，_结果_ 都 没有 用 。
+  <!-- - Tā chī le hěn duō yào, _jiéguǒ_ dōu méiyǒu yòng. -->
+  - He took a lot of pills. None of them worked in the end.
+- 我 点 的 是 牛肉 汉堡 ，_结果_ 服务员 给 了 我 一 个 鸡肉 的 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ diǎn de shì niúròu hànbǎo, _jiéguǒ_ fúwùyuán gěi le wǒ yī gè jīròu de. -->
+  - I ordered a burger. The waiter gave me a chicken sandwich instead.
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+  - [Cause and effect with "因为" and "所以"](../A2/因为...所以.md) (A2)
+  - [Expressing "therefore" with "因此"](../B2/因此.md) (B2)
+  - [Expressing difficulty with "好(不)容易"](../B2/好不容易.md) (B2)
+  - [Stating the effect before the cause](../B2/之所以.md) (B2)
+  - [Using "because" with "而" to indicate effect](../C1/而.md) (C1)
+- Used for: [Expressing attitude](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_attitude)
+- Keywords: [结果](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C)
+
+</TOC>
+
+结果 (jiéguǒ) can be used as a conjunction or adverb, meaning "as a result" or "consequently." It normally starts the second half of a sentence and can also introduce an unexpected or undesirable result.
+
+## Indicating a Logical Result
+
+### Structure
+
+Reason / Condition ，结果 + Result
+
+### Examples
+
+- 她 穿 得 很 少 ，_结果_ 感冒 了 。
+  <!-- - Tā chuān de hěn shǎo, _jiéguǒ_ gǎnmào le. -->
+  - She didn't dress warmly enough, and as a result, she caught a cold.
+- 我 太 紧张 了 ，_结果_ 说 错 了 很 多 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ tài jǐnzhāng le, _jiéguǒ_ shuō cuò le hěn duō. -->
+  - I was too nervous. As a result, I misspoke a lot.
+- 他 开 得 太 快 了 ，_结果_ 撞到 了 一 个 人 。
+  <!-- - Tā kāi de tài kuài le, _jiéguǒ_ zhuàngdào le yī gè rén. -->
+  - He drove too fast. As a result, he hit someone.
+- 他 没 好好 复习，_结果_ 考试 没 考 好 。
+  <!-- - Tā méi hǎohāo fùxí, _jiéguǒ_ kǎoshì méi kǎo hǎo. -->
+  - He didn't review well. As a result, he didn't do well in the exam.
+- 他 总是 迟到 ，_结果_ 老板 炒 了 他 的 鱿鱼 。
+  <!-- - Tā zǒngshì chídào, _jiéguǒ_ lǎobǎn chǎo le tā de yóuyú. -->
+  - He's always late for work. As a result, his boss fired him.
+
+## Indicating an Unexpected Result
+
+Sometimes there is no cause-effect relationship between what comes before and after 结果 (no logical connection). In these sentences, the second half of the sentence usually emphasizes that what actually happened was unexpected or undesired.
+
+### Structure
+
+Situation ，结果 + [Unexpected Result]
+
+### Examples
+
+- 我 去 机场 接 他 ，_结果_ 没 接到 他 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ qù jīchǎng jiē tā, _jiéguǒ_ méi jiēdào tā. -->
+  - I went to the airport to pick him up. But in the end, I didn't find him there.
+- 我 跟 朋友 打赌 ，_结果_ 我 输 了 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ gēn péngyou dǎdǔ, _jiéguǒ_ wǒ shū le. -->
+  - I made a bet with a friend. I lost in the end.
+- 我 昨天 跟 朋友 去 喝酒 ，_结果_ 喝醉 了 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ zuótiān gēn péngyou qù hējiǔ, _jiéguǒ_ hēzuì le. -->
+  - I went to have a drink with my friends yesterday. I ended up getting drunk.
+- 他 吃 了 很 多 药 ，_结果_ 都 没有 用 。
+  <!-- - Tā chī le hěn duō yào, _jiéguǒ_ dōu méiyǒu yòng. -->
+  - He took a lot of pills. None of them worked in the end.
+- 我 点 的 是 牛肉 汉堡 ，_结果_ 服务员 给 了 我 一 个 鸡肉 的 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ diǎn de shì niúròu hànbǎo, _jiéguǒ_ fúwùyuán gěi le wǒ yī gè jīròu de. -->
+  - I ordered a burger. The waiter gave me a chicken sandwich instead.
+
+## See also
+
+- [Cause and effect with "因为" and "所以"](../A2/因为...所以.md)
+- [Expressing "due to…" with "由于"](../B2/由于.md)
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [HSK Standard Course 4上](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8A) (pp. 110) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级) ](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese_Grammar_-_Broken_down_into_100_items_-_Basic_and_Intermediate_Levels_(%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E7%99%BE%E9%A1%B9%E8%AE%B2%E7%BB%83_-_%E5%88%9D%E4%B8%AD%E7%BA%A7)>) (pp. 342) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)

docs/allsetlearning/B2/之所以.md

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# Stating the effect before the cause
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 她 _之 所以_ 问 这么 多 _是 为了_ 多 关心 你们 。
+  <!-- - Tā _zhī suǒyǐ_ wèn zhème duō _shì wèile_ duō guānxīn nǐmen. -->
+  - The reason she asks so many questions is in order to she cares about you guys.
+- 我 _之 所以_ 不 喜欢 他 _是 因为_ 他 太 疯狂 了。
+  <!-- - Wǒ _zhī suǒyǐ_ bù xǐhuan tā _shì yīnwèi_ tā tài fēngkuáng le. -->
+  - The reason why I don't like him is because he's too crazy.
+- 我们 _之 所以_ 迟到 了 _是 因为_ 路上 堵车。
+  <!-- - Wǒmen _zhī suǒyǐ_ chídào le _shì yīnwèi_ lùshang dǔchē. -->
+  - The reason we were late is because we were stuck in a traffic jam.
+- 小朋友 _之 所以_ 哭 _是 因为_ 我 没有 给 她 买 巧克力。
+  <!-- - Xiǎopéngyou _zhī suǒyǐ_ kū _shì yīnwèi_ wǒ méiyǒu gěi tā mǎi qiǎokèlì. -->
+  - The reason the child is crying is because I didn't buy her chocolate.
+- 路上 _之 所以_ 有 很 多 人 _是 因为_ 今天 天气 好。
+  <!-- - Lùshang z*zhī suǒyǐ* yǒu hěn duō rén _shì yīnwèi_ jīntiān tiānqì hǎo. -->
+  - The reasons there are so many people on the street is because the weather is nice today.
+- 你 _之 所以_ 能 被 录取 _是 因为_ 你 很 优秀。
+  <!-- - Nǐ _zhī suǒyǐ_ néng bèi lùqǔ _shì yīnwèi_ nǐ hěn yōuxiù. -->
+  - You reason you were accepted is because you are outstanding.
+- 我 _之 所以_ 没 告诉 你 _是 为了_ 不 让 你 担心 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ _zhī suǒyǐ_ méi gàosù nǐ _shì wèile_ bù ràng nǐ dānxīn. -->
+  - The reason I didn't tell you is that I didn't want you to worry.
+- 他 _之 所以_ 放弃 了 那 份 工作 _是 因为_ 他 找到 了 更好 的 机会 。
+  <!-- - Tā _zhī suǒyǐ_ fàngqì le nà fèn gōngzuò _shì yīnwèi_ tā zhǎodào le gèng hǎo de jīhuì. -->
+  - The reason why he gave up that job was that he found himself a better opportunity.
+- 我们 _之 所以_ 保密 _是 想_ 给 她 一 个 惊喜 。
+  <!-- - Wǒmen _zhī suǒyǐ_ bǎomì _shì xiǎng_ gěi tā yī gè jīngxǐ. -->
+  - The reason why we kept it a secret is that we wanted to give her a surprise.
+- 公司 _之 所以_ 花钱 培训 你们 _是 想_ 让 你们 越来越 专业 。
+  <!-- - Gōngsī _zhī suǒyǐ_ huā qián péixùn nǐmen _shì xiǎng_ ràng nǐmen yuèláiyuè zhuānyè. -->
+  - The reason why the company spends money on your training is to help you become more and more professional.
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level： [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK5](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK5_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+  - [Cause and effect with "因为" and "所以"](../A2/因为...所以.md) (A2)
+  - [Expressing "as a result" with "结果"](../B1/结果.md) (B1)
+  - [Expressing purpose with "为了"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_purpose_with_%22weile%22) (B1)
+  - [Expressing "due to…" with "由于"](./由于.md) (B2)
+- Used for： [Sequencing events in time](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Sequencing_events_in_time), [Indicating cause and effect](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_cause_and_effect)
+- Keywords： [是](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%98%AF), [因为](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%9B%A0%E4%B8%BA), [所以](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%89%80%E4%BB%A5), [于](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BA%8E), [由于](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%94%B1%E4%BA%8E), [之所以](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B9%8B%E6%89%80%E4%BB%A5)
+
+</TOC>
+
+之所以⋯⋯是因为⋯⋯ (zhī suǒyǐ... shì yīnwèi...) can be translated as “the reason why... is because...” and can be used if the speaker wishes to state the effect before the cause. It's normally used in somewhat formal speech.
+
+## Structure
+
+之所以 ⋯⋯ ，是 + 因为 / 为了 / 想 ⋯⋯
+
+## Examples
+
+- 她 _之 所以_ 问 这么 多 _是 为了_ 多 关心 你们 。
+  <!-- - Tā _zhī suǒyǐ_ wèn zhème duō _shì wèile_ duō guānxīn nǐmen. -->
+  - The reason she asks so many questions is in order to she cares about you guys.
+- 我 _之 所以_ 不 喜欢 他 _是 因为_ 他 太 疯狂 了。
+  <!-- - Wǒ _zhī suǒyǐ_ bù xǐhuan tā _shì yīnwèi_ tā tài fēngkuáng le. -->
+  - The reason why I don't like him is because he's too crazy.
+- 我们 _之 所以_ 迟到 了 _是 因为_ 路上 堵车。
+  <!-- - Wǒmen _zhī suǒyǐ_ chídào le _shì yīnwèi_ lùshang dǔchē. -->
+  - The reason we were late is because we were stuck in a traffic jam.
+- 小朋友 _之 所以_ 哭 _是 因为_ 我 没有 给 她 买 巧克力。
+  <!-- - Xiǎopéngyou _zhī suǒyǐ_ kū _shì yīnwèi_ wǒ méiyǒu gěi tā mǎi qiǎokèlì. -->
+  - The reason the child is crying is because I didn't buy her chocolate.
+- 路上 _之 所以_ 有 很 多 人 _是 因为_ 今天 天气 好。
+  <!-- - Lùshang z*zhī suǒyǐ* yǒu hěn duō rén _shì yīnwèi_ jīntiān tiānqì hǎo. -->
+  - The reasons there are so many people on the street is because the weather is nice today.
+- 你 _之 所以_ 能 被 录取 _是 因为_ 你 很 优秀。
+  <!-- - Nǐ _zhī suǒyǐ_ néng bèi lùqǔ _shì yīnwèi_ nǐ hěn yōuxiù. -->
+  - You reason you were accepted is because you are outstanding.
+- 我 _之 所以_ 没 告诉 你 _是 为了_ 不 让 你 担心 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ _zhī suǒyǐ_ méi gàosù nǐ _shì wèile_ bù ràng nǐ dānxīn. -->
+  - The reason I didn't tell you is that I didn't want you to worry.
+- 他 _之 所以_ 放弃 了 那 份 工作 _是 因为_ 他 找到 了 更好 的 机会 。
+  <!-- - Tā _zhī suǒyǐ_ fàngqì le nà fèn gōngzuò _shì yīnwèi_ tā zhǎodào le gèng hǎo de jīhuì. -->
+  - The reason why he gave up that job was that he found himself a better opportunity.
+- 我们 _之 所以_ 保密 _是 想_ 给 她 一 个 惊喜 。
+  <!-- - Wǒmen _zhī suǒyǐ_ bǎomì _shì xiǎng_ gěi tā yī gè jīngxǐ. -->
+  - The reason why we kept it a secret is that we wanted to give her a surprise.
+- 公司 _之 所以_ 花钱 培训 你们 _是 想_ 让 你们 越来越 专业 。
+  <!-- - Gōngsī _zhī suǒyǐ_ huā qián péixùn nǐmen _shì xiǎng_ ràng nǐmen yuèláiyuè zhuānyè. -->
+  - The reason why the company spends money on your training is to help you become more and more professional.
+
+## See also
+
+- [Expressing purpose with "为了"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_purpose_with_%22weile%22)
+- ["Due to…" with "由于"](./由于.md)
+- ["Because" with "而" indicating effect](../C1/而.md)
+- [Explaining results with "所以"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Explaining_results_with_%22suoyi%22)
+- [Cause and effect with "因为" and "所以"](../A2/因为...所以.md)
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [New Practical Chinese Reader 5 (新实用汉语课本5)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_5_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC5)>) (pp. 93) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [卓越汉语－公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 199) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)

docs/allsetlearning/B2/于是.md

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+# Expressing "and then" with "于是"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 我 看 大家 都 买 了 ，_于是_ 我 也 买 **了** 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ kàn dàjiā dōu mǎi le, _yúshì_ wǒ yě mǎi **le**. -->
+  - I saw everyone was buying it. So then I bought it, too.
+- 昨天 突然 下雨 了 ，_于是_ 我们 取消 **了** 野餐 的 计划 。
+  <!-- - Zuótiān tūrán xiàyǔ le, _yúshì_ wǒmen qǔxiāo **le** yěcān de jìhuà. -->
+  - It rained yesterday, so we cancelled the picnic.
+- 网站 上 的 票 已经 卖光 了 ，_于是_ 我们 买 **了** 黄牛票 。
+  <!-- - Wǎngzhàn shang de piào yǐjīng mài guāng le, _yúshì_ wǒmen mǎi **le** huángniú piào. -->
+  - The tickets on the website were all sold out. So then we bought tickets from scalpers.
+- 他 的 英语 太差 了，_于是_ ，他 妈妈 给 他 请 **了** 一个 英语 家教 。
+  <!-- - Tā de Yīngyǔ tài chà le, _yúshì_, tā māma gěi tā qǐng **le** yī gè Yīngyǔ jiājiào. -->
+  - His English was too terrible. So then his mother hired an English tutor for him.
+- 她 发现 男朋友 已经 结婚 了 。_于是_ ，她 马上 跟 他 分手 **了** 。
+  <!-- - Tā fāxiàn nánpéngyou yǐjīng jiéhūn le. _Yúshì_, tā mǎshàng gēn tā fēnshǒu **le**. -->
+  - She found out that her boyfriend was already married. So she immediately broke up with him.
+- 电影 太 暴力 了 ，我们 实在 看 不 下去 了 ，_于是_ **就** 走 **了** 。
+  <!-- - Diànyǐng tài bàolì le, wǒmen shízài kàn bu xiàqù le, _yúshì_ **jiù** zǒu **le**. -->
+  - This movie was so violent, we couldn't bear watching it anymore. So then we left.
+- 他 实在 太 懒 了 ，_于是_ 老板 **就** 把 他 辞 **了** 。
+  <!-- - Tā shízài tài lǎn le, _yúshì_ lǎobǎn **jiù** bǎ tā cí **le**. -->
+  - He was way too lazy, so the boss just let him go.
+- 我 很 喜欢 这个 手机 ，_于是_ **就** 买 下来 **了** 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ hěn xǐhuan zhè ge shǒujī, _yúshì_ **jiù** mǎi xiàlai **le**. -->
+  - I really like this cell phone, so I just bought it.
+- 那个 学生 学习 不 认真，_于是_ **就** 被 他的 妈妈 骂 **了** 。
+  <!-- - Nàge xuéshēng xuéxí bù rènzhēn, _yúshì_ **jiù** bèi tā de māma mà **le**. -->
+  - That student didn't study seriously, so he was scolded by his mother.
+- 刚刚 跟 朋友 聊到 了 旅行 ， 于是 两 个 人 就 打开 了 话匣子 ， 聊 了 起来 。
+  <!-- - Gānggāng gēn péngyou liáo dào le lǚxíng, yúshì liǎng gè rén jiù dǎkāi le huàxiázi, liáo le qǐlai. -->
+  - While chatting they had just gotten to the topic of travel, and then the two of them really got going, talking non-stop.
+- 他 经常 随便 开玩笑 ，_因此_ ，大家 都 不 喜欢 跟 他 说话 。
+  <!-- - Tā jīngcháng suíbiàn kāiwánxiào, _yīncǐ_, dàjiā dōu bù xǐhuan gēn tā shuōhuà. -->
+  - He often makes jokes recklessly. Therefore, people doesn't like to talk to him.
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+- Used for: [Expressing result](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_result), [Sequencing events in time](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Sequencing_events_in_time), [Indicating cause and effect](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_cause_and_effect)
+- Keywords: [是](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%98%AF), [于](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BA%8E), [于是](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BA%8E%E6%98%AF)
+
+</TOC>
+
+于是 is a conjunction used to express a continuation between two events. The second event is the direct result of the first event. You'll often hear 于是 used in storytelling.
+
+## Structure
+
+于是 is a conjunction that comes between two clauses. Its closest English equivalent would be "and then." Since 于是 can only be used to talk about the past, 了 is often used in the same sentence.
+
+⋯⋯ ，于是 ⋯⋯ + 了
+
+## Examples
+
+- 我 看 大家 都 买 了 ，_于是_ 我 也 买 **了** 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ kàn dàjiā dōu mǎi le, _yúshì_ wǒ yě mǎi **le**. -->
+  - I saw everyone was buying it. So then I bought it, too.
+- 昨天 突然 下雨 了 ，_于是_ 我们 取消 **了** 野餐 的 计划 。
+  <!-- - Zuótiān tūrán xiàyǔ le, _yúshì_ wǒmen qǔxiāo **le** yěcān de jìhuà. -->
+  - It rained yesterday, so we cancelled the picnic.
+- 网站 上 的 票 已经 卖光 了 ，_于是_ 我们 买 **了** 黄牛票 。
+  <!-- - Wǎngzhàn shang de piào yǐjīng mài guāng le, _yúshì_ wǒmen mǎi **le** huángniú piào. -->
+  - The tickets on the website were all sold out. So then we bought tickets from scalpers.
+- 他 的 英语 太差 了，_于是_ ，他 妈妈 给 他 请 **了** 一个 英语 家教 。
+  <!-- - Tā de Yīngyǔ tài chà le, _yúshì_, tā māma gěi tā qǐng **le** yī gè Yīngyǔ jiājiào. -->
+  - His English was too terrible. So then his mother hired an English tutor for him.
+- 她 发现 男朋友 已经 结婚 了 。_于是_ ，她 马上 跟 他 分手 **了** 。
+  <!-- - Tā fāxiàn nánpéngyou yǐjīng jiéhūn le. _Yúshì_, tā mǎshàng gēn tā fēnshǒu **le**. -->
+  - She found out that her boyfriend was already married. So she immediately broke up with him.
+
+## 于是 Used with 就
+
+于是 is often used with 就 to emphasize that the actions or events that come after 就 are immediately after the first event.
+
+- 电影 太 暴力 了 ，我们 实在 看 不 下去 了 ，_于是_ **就** 走 **了** 。
+  <!-- - Diànyǐng tài bàolì le, wǒmen shízài kàn bu xiàqù le, _yúshì_ **jiù** zǒu **le**. -->
+  - This movie was so violent, we couldn't bear watching it anymore. So then we left.
+- 他 实在 太 懒 了 ，_于是_ 老板 **就** 把 他 辞 **了** 。
+  <!-- - Tā shízài tài lǎn le, _yúshì_ lǎobǎn **jiù** bǎ tā cí **le**. -->
+  - He was way too lazy, so the boss just let him go.
+- 我 很 喜欢 这个 手机 ，_于是_ **就** 买 下来 **了** 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ hěn xǐhuan zhè ge shǒujī, _yúshì_ **jiù** mǎi xiàlai **le**. -->
+  - I really like this cell phone, so I just bought it.
+- 那个 学生 学习 不 认真，_于是_ **就** 被 他的 妈妈 骂 **了** 。
+  <!-- - Nàge xuéshēng xuéxí bù rènzhēn, _yúshì_ **jiù** bèi tā de māma mà **le**. -->
+  - That student didn't study seriously, so he was scolded by his mother.
+- 刚刚 跟 朋友 聊到 了 旅行 ， 于是 两 个 人 就 打开 了 话匣子 ， 聊 了 起来 。
+  <!-- - Gānggāng gēn péngyou liáo dào le lǚxíng, yúshì liǎng gè rén jiù dǎkāi le huàxiázi, liáo le qǐlai. -->
+  - While chatting they had just gotten to the topic of travel, and then the two of them really got going, talking non-stop.
+
+## 因此 vs. 于是
+
+While they may seem very similar, 因此 is not quite the same as 于是. When using 因此, it acts as a conjunction that expresses the cause and effect. Because of the reasons in clause one, clause two reaches this result or conclusion.
+
+- 因此 emphasizes a cause and effect relationship. 于是 emphasizes that the first event is closely followed by the second event.
+
+- 于是 can only be used to recount events that happened in the past.
+
+- 因此 is more formal and mostly used in writing. 于是 is more commonly used when speaking.
+
+<div class="wrong">
+
+- 他 经常 随便 开玩笑 ，_于是_ ，大家 都 不 喜欢 跟 他 说话 。
+  <!-- - Tā jīngcháng suíbiàn kāiwánxiào, _yúshì_, dàjiā dōu bù xǐhuan gēn tā shuōhuà. -->
+
+</div>
+
+- 他 经常 随便 开玩笑 ，_因此_ ，大家 都 不 喜欢 跟 他 说话 。
+  <!-- - Tā jīngcháng suíbiàn kāiwánxiào, _yīncǐ_, dàjiā dōu bù xǐhuan gēn tā shuōhuà. -->
+  - He often makes jokes recklessly. Therefore, people doesn't like to talk to him.
+
+In the incorrect sentence above, it is not two sequential events that happened in the past, so 于是 is not appropriate. In the correct sentence, there is a clear cause-effect relationship, so 因此 is used.
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [HSK Standard Course 4下](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8B) (pp. 49) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [现代汉语虚词手册](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C) (pp. 326) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
+- [现代汉语八百词（增订本）](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D%EF%BC%88%E5%A2%9E%E8%AE%A2%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%89) (pp. 636) [ →buy]
+- [对外汉语教学语法释疑201例](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%96%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E9%87%8A%E7%96%91201%E4%BE%8B) (pp. 362) [ →buy]

docs/allsetlearning/B2/因此.md

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# Expressing "therefore" with "因此"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 我 病 了 ， _因此_ 心情 不好。
+  <!-- - Wǒ bìng le, _yīncǐ_ xīnqíng bù hǎo. -->
+  - I am sick, therefore I am not in a good mood.
+- 昨天 下雨 了， _因此_ 我 没有 出门。
+  <!-- - Zuótiān xiàyǔ le, _yīncǐ_ wǒ méiyǒu chūmén. -->
+  - It rained yesterday, therefore I did not go out.
+- 她 在 农村 长大， _因此_ 很 了解 农民 的 生活。
+  <!-- - Tā zài nóngcūn zhǎngdà, _yīncǐ_ hěn liǎojiě nóngmín de shēnghuó. -->
+  - She grew up in the country, so she understands the country people's way of life.
+- 我 没有 准备 好 所有 的 东西， _因此_ 有些 紧张。
+  <!-- - Wǒ méiyǒu zhǔnbèi hǎo suǒyǒu de dōngxi, _yīncǐ_ yǒuxiē jǐnzhāng. -->
+  - I didn't fully prepare everything, so I was a little nervous.
+- 小王 说话 不 好听， _因此_ 他 得罪 了 很 多 人 。
+  <!-- - Xiǎo Wáng shuōhuà bù hǎotīng, _yīncǐ_ tā dézuì le hěn duō rén. -->
+  - Xiao Wang spoke overly bluntly, so he offended many people.
+- 下个 月 考试， _因此_ 这个 月 我 没有 出去 玩，在 好好 准备。
+  <!-- - Xiàgè yuè kǎoshì, _yīncǐ_ zhège yuè wǒ méiyǒu chūqù wán, zài hǎohāo zhǔnbèi. -->
+  - I will have an exam next month, therefore this month I am not going out to play. I am preparing well.
+- 韩寒 的 文笔 好， _因此_ 他 写 的 小说 很 受 欢迎。
+  <!-- - Hán Hán de wénbǐ hǎo, _yīncǐ_ tā xiě de xiǎoshuō hěn shòu huānyíng. -->
+  - Han Han's writing style is very good, therefore the novels that he writes are very popular.
+- 工厂 已经 停产 很 久 了， _因此_ 无法 给 工人 发 工资。
+  <!-- - Gōngchǎng yǐjīng tíngchǎn hěn jiǔ le, _yīncǐ_ wúfǎ gěi gōngrén fā gōngzī. -->
+  - The factory has long since ceased production, and therefore is unable to give its workers their wages.
+- 上海 的 冬天 经常 下雨， _因此_ 在 我的 印象 中，上海的 冬天 湿冷 湿冷 的。
+  <!-- - Shànghǎi de dōngtiān jīngcháng xiàyǔ, _yīncǐ_ zài wǒde yìnxiàng zhōng, Shànghǎi de dōngtiān shīlěng-shīlěng de. -->
+  - It often rains in winter in Shanghai, therefore my impression is that winter in Shanghai is wet and cold.
+- 希腊 政府 决定 停止 使用 自动 取款机 ， _因此_ ， 取款机 外面 有 很 多 人 排队 取钱 。
+  <!-- - Xīlà zhèngfǔ juédìng tíngzhǐ shǐyòng zìdòng qǔkuǎnjī, _yīncǐ_, qǔkuǎnjī wàimiàn yǒu hěn duō rén páiduì qǔqián. -->
+  - The Greek government decided to end the use of automated teller machines. As a result, there were lots of people outside lined up to withdraw money from the ATMs.
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+  - [Cause and effect with "因为" and "所以"](../A2/因为...所以.md) (A2)
+  - [Expressing "and then" with "于是"](./于是.md) (B2)
+  - [Expressing "in short" with "总之"](../C1/conjunctions/总之.md) (C1)
+- Used for: [Indicating cause and effect](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_cause_and_effect)
+- Keywords: [因此](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%9B%A0%E6%AD%A4)
+
+</TOC>
+
+因此 (yīncǐ), literally "because of this," is a conjunction meaning "therefore," and is used in formal writing.
+
+## Structure
+
+Cause， + 因此 + Effect
+
+## Examples
+
+- 我 病 了 ， _因此_ 心情 不好。
+  <!-- - Wǒ bìng le, _yīncǐ_ xīnqíng bù hǎo. -->
+  - I am sick, therefore I am not in a good mood.
+- 昨天 下雨 了， _因此_ 我 没有 出门。
+  <!-- - Zuótiān xiàyǔ le, _yīncǐ_ wǒ méiyǒu chūmén. -->
+  - It rained yesterday, therefore I did not go out.
+- 她 在 农村 长大， _因此_ 很 了解 农民 的 生活。
+  <!-- - Tā zài nóngcūn zhǎngdà, _yīncǐ_ hěn liǎojiě nóngmín de shēnghuó. -->
+  - She grew up in the country, so she understands the country people's way of life.
+- 我 没有 准备 好 所有 的 东西， _因此_ 有些 紧张。
+  <!-- - Wǒ méiyǒu zhǔnbèi hǎo suǒyǒu de dōngxi, _yīncǐ_ yǒuxiē jǐnzhāng. -->
+  - I didn't fully prepare everything, so I was a little nervous.
+- 小王 说话 不 好听， _因此_ 他 得罪 了 很 多 人 。
+  <!-- - Xiǎo Wáng shuōhuà bù hǎotīng, _yīncǐ_ tā dézuì le hěn duō rén. -->
+  - Xiao Wang spoke overly bluntly, so he offended many people.
+- 下个 月 考试， _因此_ 这个 月 我 没有 出去 玩，在 好好 准备。
+  <!-- - Xiàgè yuè kǎoshì, _yīncǐ_ zhège yuè wǒ méiyǒu chūqù wán, zài hǎohāo zhǔnbèi. -->
+  - I will have an exam next month, therefore this month I am not going out to play. I am preparing well.
+- 韩寒 的 文笔 好， _因此_ 他 写 的 小说 很 受 欢迎。
+  <!-- - Hán Hán de wénbǐ hǎo, _yīncǐ_ tā xiě de xiǎoshuō hěn shòu huānyíng. -->
+  - Han Han's writing style is very good, therefore the novels that he writes are very popular.
+- 工厂 已经 停产 很 久 了， _因此_ 无法 给 工人 发 工资。
+  <!-- - Gōngchǎng yǐjīng tíngchǎn hěn jiǔ le, _yīncǐ_ wúfǎ gěi gōngrén fā gōngzī. -->
+  - The factory has long since ceased production, and therefore is unable to give its workers their wages.
+- 上海 的 冬天 经常 下雨， _因此_ 在 我的 印象 中，上海的 冬天 湿冷 湿冷 的。
+  <!-- - Shànghǎi de dōngtiān jīngcháng xiàyǔ, _yīncǐ_ zài wǒde yìnxiàng zhōng, Shànghǎi de dōngtiān shīlěng-shīlěng de. -->
+  - It often rains in winter in Shanghai, therefore my impression is that winter in Shanghai is wet and cold.
+- 希腊 政府 决定 停止 使用 自动 取款机 ， _因此_ ， 取款机 外面 有 很 多 人 排队 取钱 。
+  <!-- - Xīlà zhèngfǔ juédìng tíngzhǐ shǐyòng zìdòng qǔkuǎnjī, _yīncǐ_, qǔkuǎnjī wàimiàn yǒu hěn duō rén páiduì qǔqián. -->
+  - The Greek government decided to end the use of automated teller machines. As a result, there were lots of people outside lined up to withdraw money from the ATMs.
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [HSK Standard Course 4上](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8A) (pp. 96) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [New Practical Chinese Reader 5 (新实用汉语课本5)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_5_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC5)>) (pp. 29) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [卓越汉语－公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 67) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
+- [40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课下册）](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/40_Lessons_for_Basic_Chinese_Course_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD40%E8%AF%BE%E4%B8%8B%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89) (pp. 430) [ →buy]

docs/allsetlearning/B2/好不容易.md

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+# Expressing difficulty with "好(不)容易"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 她 _好容易_ **才** 减肥 成功。
+  <!-- - Tā _hǎo róngyì_ **cái** jiǎnféi chénggōng. -->
+  - She had a hard time losing weight and succeeded..
+- 我 _好不容易_ **才** 打通 了 银行 的 服务 热线 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ _hǎobù róngyì_ **cái** dǎtōng le yínháng de fúwù rèxiàn. -->
+  - It was no easy task to get through to the bank's customer service hotline.
+- 我们 _好不容易_ **才** 做完 这 个 项目，结果 合同 取消 了。
+  <!-- - Wǒmen _hǎobù róngyì_ **cái** zuò wán zhège xiàngmù, jiéguǒ hétóng qǔxiāo le. -->
+  - It was with great difficulty that we finally finished this project. But then the contract was canceled.
+- 我 _好不容易_ **才** 到 市中心， 发现 没 带 手机，只好 回去 拿。
+  <!-- - Wǒ _hǎobù róngyì_ **cái** dào shì zhōngxīn, fāxiàn méi dài shǒujī, zhǐhǎo huíqù ná. -->
+  - It was a lot of trouble to get to the city center, but then I realized I had forgotten my cell phone and had to go back and get it.
+- 金融 危机 之后 他 _好不容易_ **才** 找到 工作，现在 又 辞职 了 。
+  <!-- - Jīnróng wéijī zhīhòu tā _hǎobù róngyì_ **cái** zhǎodào gōngzuò, xiànzài yòu cízhí le. -->
+  - After the financial crisis, he had a hard time finally finding a job. And now he's resigning.
+- 他们 _好不容易_ **才** 爬 到 了 山顶，结果 下起 了 大雨 。
+  <!-- - Tāmen _hǎobù róngyì_ **cái** pá dào le shāndǐng, jiéguǒ xià qǐ le dàyǔ. -->
+  - With great difficulty, they finally climbed to the top of the mountain. And then it started raining heavily.
+- 老师 _好容易_ **才** 让 学生 订正 了 错误 的 句子。
+  <!-- - Lǎoshī _hǎo róngyì_ **cái** ràng xuéshēng dìngzhèng le cuòwù de jùzi. -->
+  - The teacher had a difficult time making the students correct the wrong sentences.
+- 要 完成 这 个 大 项目 _好不容易_ 啊。
+  <!-- - Yào wánchéng zhège dà xiàngmù _hǎobù róngyì_ a. -->
+  - Finishing this big project will not be an easy task.
+- 养 大 一 个 孩子 _好不容易_。
+  <!-- - Yǎng dà yī gè háizi _hǎobù róngyì_. -->
+  - Raising a child is not an easy thing to do.
+- 创办 一 个 公司 _好不容易_ 啊。
+  <!-- - Chuàngbàn yī gè gōngsī _hǎobù róngyì_ a. -->
+  - Starting a company isn't easy.
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK5](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK5_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+  - [Expressing "difficult" with "难"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22difficult%22_with_%22nan%22) (A2)
+  - [Using "好" to mean "easy"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Using_%22hao%22_to_mean_%22easy%22) (A2)
+  - [Expressing "as a result" with "结果"](../B1/结果.md) (B1)
+  - [Expressing not knowing how to do something using "好"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_not_knowing_how_to_do_something_using_%22hao%22) (B1)
+  - [Expressing "only after" with "才"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22only_after%22_with_%22cai%22) (B2)
+- Used for: [Expressing quality](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_quality)
+- Keywords: [不](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8D), [好](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%A5%BD), [好容易](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%A5%BD%E5%AE%B9%E6%98%93), [好不容易](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%A5%BD%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%B9%E6%98%93), [容易](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%AE%B9%E6%98%93)
+
+</TOC>
+
+好不容易 (hǎo bù róngyì) means "very difficult" or "really not easy." It is often used where the speaker wants to comment on the result of their hard work, something like "It was really hard for me to x, but then I realized y."
+
+## Adverbial Structure with 才
+
+Sentences using 好不容易 are often followed by [才 (cái)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_lateness_with_%22cai%22), emphasizing the action has been completed only with great difficulty.
+
+### Structure
+
+Strange as it might seem, 好容易 has _the same meaning_ as 好不容易, and can be used interchangeably. 好不容易 is more common.
+
+Subj. + 好 (不) 容易 + 才 + [Result]
+
+The "result" part can be a simple phrase or a whole clause.
+
+### Examples
+
+- 她 _好容易_ **才** 减肥 成功。
+  <!-- - Tā _hǎo róngyì_ **cái** jiǎnféi chénggōng. -->
+  - She had a hard time losing weight and succeeded..
+- 我 _好不容易_ **才** 打通 了 银行 的 服务 热线 。
+  <!-- - Wǒ _hǎobù róngyì_ **cái** dǎtōng le yínháng de fúwù rèxiàn. -->
+  - It was no easy task to get through to the bank's customer service hotline.
+- 我们 _好不容易_ **才** 做完 这 个 项目，结果 合同 取消 了。
+  <!-- - Wǒmen _hǎobù róngyì_ **cái** zuò wán zhège xiàngmù, jiéguǒ hétóng qǔxiāo le. -->
+  - It was with great difficulty that we finally finished this project. But then the contract was canceled.
+- 我 _好不容易_ **才** 到 市中心， 发现 没 带 手机，只好 回去 拿。
+  <!-- - Wǒ _hǎobù róngyì_ **cái** dào shì zhōngxīn, fāxiàn méi dài shǒujī, zhǐhǎo huíqù ná. -->
+  - It was a lot of trouble to get to the city center, but then I realized I had forgotten my cell phone and had to go back and get it.
+- 金融 危机 之后 他 _好不容易_ **才** 找到 工作，现在 又 辞职 了 。
+  <!-- - Jīnróng wéijī zhīhòu tā _hǎobù róngyì_ **cái** zhǎodào gōngzuò, xiànzài yòu cízhí le. -->
+  - After the financial crisis, he had a hard time finally finding a job. And now he's resigning.
+- 他们 _好不容易_ **才** 爬 到 了 山顶，结果 下起 了 大雨 。
+  <!-- - Tāmen _hǎobù róngyì_ **cái** pá dào le shāndǐng, jiéguǒ xià qǐ le dàyǔ. -->
+  - With great difficulty, they finally climbed to the top of the mountain. And then it started raining heavily.
+- 老师 _好容易_ **才** 让 学生 订正 了 错误 的 句子。
+  <!-- - Lǎoshī _hǎo róngyì_ **cái** ràng xuéshēng dìngzhèng le cuòwù de jùzi. -->
+  - The teacher had a difficult time making the students correct the wrong sentences.
+
+## Adjectival Structure (without 才)
+
+### Structure
+
+Verb / [Verb Phrase] + 好容易 / 好不容易
+
+In this simpler structure we use 好(不)容易 by itself to express “with great difficulty”. At the end of the sentence particles such as 啊 or 哦 will also often be used to add emotion.
+
+### Examples
+
+- 要 完成 这 个 大 项目 _好不容易_ 啊。
+  <!-- - Yào wánchéng zhège dà xiàngmù _hǎobù róngyì_ a. -->
+  - Finishing this big project will not be an easy task.
+- 养 大 一 个 孩子 _好不容易_。
+  <!-- - Yǎng dà yī gè háizi _hǎobù róngyì_. -->
+  - Raising a child is not an easy thing to do.
+- 创办 一 个 公司 _好不容易_ 啊。
+  <!-- - Chuàngbàn yī gè gōngsī _hǎobù róngyì_ a. -->
+  - Starting a company isn't easy.
+
+## See also
+
+- [Easy to do something](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Easy_to_do_something)
+- [Difficult to do something](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Difficult_to_do_something)
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [Boya Chinese Lower Intermediate 2 (博雅汉语准中级加速篇) ](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Boya_Chinese_Lower_Intermediate_2_(%E5%8D%9A%E9%9B%85%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%87%86%E4%B8%AD%E7%BA%A7%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E7%AF%87)>) (pp. 100，110-11) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [卓越汉语－公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 77-8) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)

docs/allsetlearning/B2/并.md

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
   - [Expressing "both… and…" with "既...又"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22both%E2%80%A6_and%E2%80%A6%22_with_%22ji...you%22) (B2)
   - [Expressing "even" with "甚至"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22even%22_with_%22shenzhi%22) (B2)
   - [Expressing "moreover" with "並且"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22moreover%22_with_%22bingqie%22) (B2)
-  - [Expressing "as well as" with "以及"](../C1/以及.md) (C1)
+  - [Expressing "as well as" with "以及"](../C1/conjunctions/以及.md) (C1)
 - Used for
 - Keywords: [并](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%B9%B6), [并且](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%B9%B6%E4%B8%94)
 

docs/allsetlearning/B2/由.md

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# Emphasizing the doer of an action with "由"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 这 件 事 _由_ 我 说了算。
+  <!-- - Zhè jiàn shì _yóu_ wǒ shuō le suàn. -->
+  - This matter is up to me.
+- 这 件 事 _由_ 我 负责。
+  <!-- - Zhè jiàn shì _yóu_ wǒ fùzé. -->
+  - I am responsible for this matter.
+- 这 件 事 是 _由_ 她 引起 的。
+  <!-- - Zhèjiàn shì shì _yóu_ tā yǐnqǐ de. -->
+  - The incident was caused by her.
+- 这次 的 广告 是 _由_ 他 一个人 拍摄 的。
+  <!-- - Zhècì de guǎnggào shì _yóu_ tā yīgèrén pāishè de. -->
+  - The advertisement was shot by him alone.
+- 你 想 怎么样 生活，完全 _由_ 你 自己 规划。
+  <!-- - Nǐ xiǎng zěnmeyàng shēnghuó, wánquán _yóu_ nǐ zìjǐ guīhuà. -->
+  - How you want to live your life is entirely up to you.
+- 你 去 过 上海，那 这次 就 _由_ 你 做 导游 。
+  <!-- - Nǐ qù guo Shànghǎi, nà zhècì jiù _yóu_ nǐ zuò dǎoyóu. -->
+  - You have been to Shanghai before, so you will be the tour guide this time.
+- 这 个 国家 的 粮食 主要 _由_ 加拿大 进口。
+  <!-- - Zhège guójiā de liángshi zhǔyào _yóu_ Jiānádà jìnkǒu. -->
+  - This country's grain is mainly imported from Canada.
+- 这个 规定 是 _由_ 政府 发布 的。
+  <!-- - Zhège guīdìng shì _yóu_ zhèngfǔ fābù de. -->
+  - This is a regulation issued by the government.
+- 这 是 _由_ 他 决定 的，你 就 别 干涉 了。
+  <!-- - Zhè shì _yóu_ tā juédìng de, nǐ jiù bié gānshè le. -->
+  - This is for him to decide. Stop interfering.
+- 太 悲剧 了，会议 _由_ 王总 主持，肯定 会 很 无聊！
+  <!-- - Tài bēijù le, huìyì _yóu_ Wáng zǒng zhǔchí, kěndìng huì hěn wúliáo! -->
+  - Oh no. This meeting is being led by the General Manager Wang.It's definitely going to be boring.
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+  - [Expressing "due to…" with "由于"](./由于.md) (B2)
+- Used for: [Indicating conditions](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_conditions), [Describing people](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Describing_people), [Emphasizing](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Emphasizing)
+- Keywords: [由](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%94%B1)
+
+</TOC>
+
+由 (yóu) is used to emphasize who is the doer or initiator of an action, a bit like in English where we might say: "Andy _is the one who...."_
+
+## Structure
+
+Topic + 由 + Person + Verb
+
+This use of 由 is common in formal contexts such as business communications.
+
+## Examples
+
+- 这 件 事 _由_ 我 说了算。
+  <!-- - Zhè jiàn shì _yóu_ wǒ shuō le suàn. -->
+  - This matter is up to me.
+- 这 件 事 _由_ 我 负责。
+  <!-- - Zhè jiàn shì _yóu_ wǒ fùzé. -->
+  - I am responsible for this matter.
+- 这 件 事 是 _由_ 她 引起 的。
+  <!-- - Zhèjiàn shì shì _yóu_ tā yǐnqǐ de. -->
+  - The incident was caused by her.
+- 这次 的 广告 是 _由_ 他 一个人 拍摄 的。
+  <!-- - Zhècì de guǎnggào shì _yóu_ tā yīgèrén pāishè de. -->
+  - The advertisement was shot by him alone.
+- 你 想 怎么样 生活，完全 _由_ 你 自己 规划。
+  <!-- - Nǐ xiǎng zěnmeyàng shēnghuó, wánquán _yóu_ nǐ zìjǐ guīhuà. -->
+  - How you want to live your life is entirely up to you.
+- 你 去 过 上海，那 这次 就 _由_ 你 做 导游 。
+  <!-- - Nǐ qù guo Shànghǎi, nà zhècì jiù _yóu_ nǐ zuò dǎoyóu. -->
+  - You have been to Shanghai before, so you will be the tour guide this time.
+- 这 个 国家 的 粮食 主要 _由_ 加拿大 进口。
+  <!-- - Zhège guójiā de liángshi zhǔyào _yóu_ Jiānádà jìnkǒu. -->
+  - This country's grain is mainly imported from Canada.
+- 这个 规定 是 _由_ 政府 发布 的。
+  <!-- - Zhège guīdìng shì _yóu_ zhèngfǔ fābù de. -->
+  - This is a regulation issued by the government.
+- 这 是 _由_ 他 决定 的，你 就 别 干涉 了。
+  <!-- - Zhè shì _yóu_ tā juédìng de, nǐ jiù bié gānshè le. -->
+  - This is for him to decide. Stop interfering.
+- 太 悲剧 了，会议 _由_ 王总 主持，肯定 会 很 无聊！
+  <!-- - Tài bēijù le, huìyì _yóu_ Wáng zǒng zhǔchí, kěndìng huì hěn wúliáo! -->
+  - Oh no. This meeting is being led by the General Manager Wang.It's definitely going to be boring.
+
+It may seem like it due to the way most of these sentences are translated into English, but please note that 由 not a passive marker. Stick to [被](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E8%A2%AB) for that.
+
+## See also
+
+- ["Due to…" with "由于"](./由于.md)
+- [Adding emphasis with "就是"](../B1/就是.md)
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [HSK Standard Course 4下](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8B) (pp. 34) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [Boya Chinese Lower Intermediate 2 (博雅汉语准中级加速篇) ](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Boya_Chinese_Lower_Intermediate_2_(%E5%8D%9A%E9%9B%85%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%87%86%E4%B8%AD%E7%BA%A7%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E7%AF%87)>) (pp. 111) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [卓越汉语－公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 245) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)

docs/allsetlearning/B2/由于.md

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# Expressing "due to…" with "由于"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- _由于_ 温室效应 的 影响，全球 的 气候 变得 越 来 越 反常 了。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ wēnshì xiàoyìng de yǐngxiǎng, quánqiú de qìhòu biàn de yuèláiyuè fǎncháng le. -->
+  - Due to the influence of the greenhouse effect, the whole Earth's climate is getting more and more abnormal.
+- _由于_ 意见 不一致 ，两 位 老板 吵 了 起来。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ yìjiàn bù yīzhì, liǎng wèi lǎobǎn chǎo le qǐlái. -->
+  - Due to differing opinions, the two bosses started to argue.
+- _由于_ 公司 发展 的 需要，我们 打算 再 招聘 一些 新的 员工。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ gōngsī fāzhǎn de xūyào, wǒmen dǎsuàn zài zhāopìn yīxiē xīn de yuángōng. -->
+  - Due to the our company's needs for development, we plan to hire more new staff.
+- _由于_ 目标 客户 的 变化，企业 的 营销 策略 需要 做出 一些 调整。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ mùbiāo kèhù de biànhuà, qǐyè de yíngxiāo cèlüè xūyào zuò chū yīxiē tiáozhěng. -->
+  - Due to the changes in our target clients, our comorporate marketing strategies need some adjustments.
+- _由于_ 人口 的 快速 增加，大 城市 的 社会 问题 越来越 严重 。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ rénkǒu de kuàisù zēngjiā, dà chéngshì de shèhuì wèntí yuèláiyuè yánzhòng. -->
+  - Due to the rapid growth of the population, social problems in big cities are getting more and more serious.
+- _由于_ 地址 没 写 清楚 ，所以 这 封 信 没有 寄 出去 。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ dìzhǐ méi xiě qīngchu, suǒyǐ zhè fēng xìn méiyǒu jì chūqù. -->
+  - Due to the address not being clearly written, this letter was not sent.
+- _由于_ 天气 原因 ，所有 的 航班 都 要 推迟 起飞。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ tiānqì yuányīn, suǒyǒu de hángbān dōu yào tuīchí qǐfēi. -->
+  - All departing flights have been postponed due to weather conditions.
+- _由于_ 采用 了 新 技术 ，工厂 的 效率 大大 提高。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ cǎiyòng le xīn jìshù, gōngchǎng de xiàolǜ dàdà tígāo. -->
+  - Owing to the use of new technology, the efficiency of the factory has improved significantly.
+- _由于_ 工作 关系 ，我 经常 去 北京。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ gōngzuò guānxi, wǒ jīngcháng qù Běijīng. -->
+  - I often go to Beijing for my work.
+- _由于_ 加强 了 管理 ，生产 的 饮料 全部 合格 。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ jiāqiáng le guǎnlǐ, shēngchǎn de yǐnliào quánbù hégé. -->
+  - Thanks to better management, all the beverages we produced passed the test.
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+  - [Expressing "as a result" with "结果"](../B1/结果.md) (B1)
+  - [Emphasizing the doer of an action with "由"](./由.md) (B2)
+  - [Stating the effect before the cause](./之所以.md) (B2)
+- Used for: [Indicating cause and effect](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_cause_and_effect)
+- Keywords: [于](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BA%8E), [由于](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%94%B1%E4%BA%8E)
+
+</TOC>
+
+由于 (yóuyú) means "due to” or "owing to" and is formal in use.
+
+## Structure
+
+由于 + Cause，Effect
+
+## Examples
+
+- _由于_ 温室效应 的 影响，全球 的 气候 变得 越 来 越 反常 了。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ wēnshì xiàoyìng de yǐngxiǎng, quánqiú de qìhòu biàn de yuèláiyuè fǎncháng le. -->
+  - Due to the influence of the greenhouse effect, the whole Earth's climate is getting more and more abnormal.
+- _由于_ 意见 不一致 ，两 位 老板 吵 了 起来。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ yìjiàn bù yīzhì, liǎng wèi lǎobǎn chǎo le qǐlái. -->
+  - Due to differing opinions, the two bosses started to argue.
+- _由于_ 公司 发展 的 需要，我们 打算 再 招聘 一些 新的 员工。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ gōngsī fāzhǎn de xūyào, wǒmen dǎsuàn zài zhāopìn yīxiē xīn de yuángōng. -->
+  - Due to the our company's needs for development, we plan to hire more new staff.
+- _由于_ 目标 客户 的 变化，企业 的 营销 策略 需要 做出 一些 调整。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ mùbiāo kèhù de biànhuà, qǐyè de yíngxiāo cèlüè xūyào zuò chū yīxiē tiáozhěng. -->
+  - Due to the changes in our target clients, our comorporate marketing strategies need some adjustments.
+- _由于_ 人口 的 快速 增加，大 城市 的 社会 问题 越来越 严重 。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ rénkǒu de kuàisù zēngjiā, dà chéngshì de shèhuì wèntí yuèláiyuè yánzhòng. -->
+  - Due to the rapid growth of the population, social problems in big cities are getting more and more serious.
+- _由于_ 地址 没 写 清楚 ，所以 这 封 信 没有 寄 出去 。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ dìzhǐ méi xiě qīngchu, suǒyǐ zhè fēng xìn méiyǒu jì chūqù. -->
+  - Due to the address not being clearly written, this letter was not sent.
+- _由于_ 天气 原因 ，所有 的 航班 都 要 推迟 起飞。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ tiānqì yuányīn, suǒyǒu de hángbān dōu yào tuīchí qǐfēi. -->
+  - All departing flights have been postponed due to weather conditions.
+- _由于_ 采用 了 新 技术 ，工厂 的 效率 大大 提高。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ cǎiyòng le xīn jìshù, gōngchǎng de xiàolǜ dàdà tígāo. -->
+  - Owing to the use of new technology, the efficiency of the factory has improved significantly.
+- _由于_ 工作 关系 ，我 经常 去 北京。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ gōngzuò guānxi, wǒ jīngcháng qù Běijīng. -->
+  - I often go to Beijing for my work.
+- _由于_ 加强 了 管理 ，生产 的 饮料 全部 合格 。
+  <!-- - _Yóuyú_ jiāqiáng le guǎnlǐ, shēngchǎn de yǐnliào quánbù hégé. -->
+  - Thanks to better management, all the beverages we produced passed the test.
+
+## See also
+
+- [Emphasizing the doer of an action with "由"](./由.md)
+- [Stating the effect before the cause](./之所以.md)
+
+## Sources and Further Reading
+
+### Website
+
+- Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: [How to use 因为 and 由于](http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0201.html)
+
+### Books
+
+- [HSK Standard Course 4上](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8A) (pp. 124) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)

docs/allsetlearning/C1/adverbs/何必.md

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# Expressing "why" with "何必"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 他 已经 道歉 了 ，你 _何必_ 还 生气 ？
+- 都是 一家人 ，你们 _何必_ 这么 客气 ？
+- 上海 的 房子 那么 贵 ，你儿子 _何必_ 要 在 那儿 买 房子 ？
+- 我 只是 不小心 踩 了 你 一下 ，你 _何必_ 骂人 ？
+- _何必_ 下周 ？这 周 我 就 有 时间 。
+  - Why next week? (Why wait?) I have time this week.
+- _何必_ 总经理 ？经理 也 可以 做 代表 。
+- _何必_ 大家 都 去 呢 ？一个人 去 就 行了 。
+- _何必_ 亲自 过来 呢 ？打个电话 就 行了 。
+- _何必_ 麻烦 别人 呢 ？我 自己 能 行 。
+- 早知如此，_何必_ 当初 ？
+  - If you had known it, why would you have done something like earlier?
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+- Used for: [Expressing attitude](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_attitude), [Emphasizing](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Emphasizing)
+- Keywords: [何必](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BD%95%E5%BF%85)
+
+</TOC>
+
+副词，用于反问，"为什么一定要⋯⋯"的意思，表示"不必"，语气"不必"重。多用于后一分句。
+
+## Used before Predicate
+
+### Structure
+
+In this case, 何必 is often used to indicate the speaker's attitude about something unnecessary or not worth doing.
+
+Subj. + 何必 + Predicate
+
+### Examples
+
+- 他 已经 道歉 了 ，你 _何必_ 还 生气 ？
+- 都是 一家人 ，你们 _何必_ 这么 客气 ？
+- 上海 的 房子 那么 贵 ，你儿子 _何必_ 要 在 那儿 买 房子 ？
+- 我 只是 不小心 踩 了 你 一下 ，你 _何必_ 骂人 ？
+
+---
+
+口语中，谓语可省略主要动词，"何必"直接加名词性成分。如：
+
+- _何必_ 下周 ？这 周 我 就 有 时间 。
+  - Why next week? (Why wait?) I have time this week.
+- _何必_ 总经理 ？经理 也 可以 做 代表 。
+  - Why the general manager? The manager can totally be our representative.
+
+## Used before Another Clause
+
+### Structure
+
+何必⋯⋯ 呢 ？⋯⋯
+
+### Examples
+
+- _何必_ 大家 都 去 呢 ？一个人 去 就 行了 。
+- _何必_ 亲自 过来 呢 ？打个电话 就 行了 。
+- _何必_ 麻烦 别人 呢 ？我 自己 能 行 。
+
+## Used as Predicate
+
+何必 can be used alone with 呢 together to mean "why?"
+
+A few examples:
+
+- 你 又 买 了 礼物 ？_何必_ 呢 ？
+  - You bought us gifts again? Why?
+- 为了 买 张 电影票 排 那么 长 时间 的 队 ，_何必_ 呢 ？
+  - Spend so much time on waiting to buy a movie ticket? Why?
+- 为 这样 的 人 伤心 ，_何必_ 呢 ？不 值得 。
+  - Don't have to be so sad about this type of person. It's not worth it.
+
+## Colloquial Saying
+
+- 早知如此，_何必_ 当初 ？
+  - If you had known it, why would you have done something like earlier?
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [HSK Standard Course 5上](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_5%E4%B8%8A) (pp. 109) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)

docs/allsetlearning/C1/adverbs/到时候.md

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# Expressing "when the time comes" with "到时候"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 现在 不 好好 准备 考试，_到时候_ 肯定 考 不好。
+  - If you don't prepare well, then you won't do it well in the exam.
+- 我 要 学 唱 中文 的 生日快乐 歌，_到时候_ 唱 给 你们 听。
+  - I want to learn the Chinese song "Happy Birthday." I'll sing for you guys when the time comes.
+- 你 先 自己 试 一 试，_到时候_ 我 再 教 你。
+  - You can give it a try first. I will teach you when the time comes.
+- _到时候_ 见。
+  - See you then.
+- _到时候_ 看 吧。
+  - Let's see what we can do later.
+- _到时候_ 再 说 吧。
+  - We will talk about that later when the time comes.
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+- Used for: [Expressing time and date](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_time_and_date)
+- Keywords: [到](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%88%B0), [时候](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%97%B6%E5%80%99), [时](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%97%B6), [候](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%80%99)
+
+</TOC>
+
+到时候 (dào shíhou) basically means the same thing as "when the times comes." Usually "when the time comes" is pointing to a specific event in the future.
+
+## General use of "到时候"
+
+### Structure
+
+Usually this grammar pattern starts with a statement to set things up (A), then the things that happens in the future is stated (B) after the 到时候.
+
+……，到时候 + ……
+
+### Examples
+
+- 现在 不 好好 准备 考试，_到时候_ 肯定 考 不好。
+  - If you don't prepare well, then you won't do it well in the exam.
+- 我 要 学 唱 中文 的 生日快乐 歌，_到时候_ 唱 给 你们 听。
+  - I want to learn the Chinese song "Happy Birthday." I'll sing for you guys when the time comes.
+- 你 先 自己 试 一 试，_到时候_ 我 再 教 你。
+  - You can give it a try first. I will teach you when the time comes.
+
+## Commonly used expressions with 到时候
+
+### Examples
+
+- _到时候_ 见。
+  - See you then.
+- _到时候_ 看 吧。
+  - Let's see what we can do later.
+- _到时候_ 再 说 吧。
+  - We will talk about that later when the time comes.
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [Exemplification of Common Sentence Patterns in Spoken Chinese 汉语口语常用句式例解](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Exemplification_of_Common_Sentence_Patterns_in_Spoken_Chinese_%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A3%E8%AF%AD%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%A5%E5%BC%8F%E4%BE%8B%E8%A7%A3) (P.63)[→buy](https://www.amazon.cn/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A3%E8%AF%AD%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%A5%E5%BC%8F%E4%BE%8B%E8%A7%A3/dp/B0011435Y2/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347865939&sr=8-1) NEEDS LINK
+- [Short-term Spoken Chinese: Elementary (汉语口语速成基础篇)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Short-term_Spoken_Chinese:_Elementary_(%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A3%E8%AF%AD%E9%80%9F%E6%88%90%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%AF%87)>)(P.199) [→buy](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00326U9MS/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=B00326U9MS)
+- [Common Chinese Patterns 330 (汉语常用格式330例)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Common_Chinese_Patterns_330_(%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F330%E4%BE%8B)>) (p. 62)[→buy](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7802006473/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7802006473)

docs/allsetlearning/C1/adverbs/无非.md

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Expressing "nothing but" with "无非"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 我 空闲 时间 _无非_ 是 游泳、看 书 而已 。
+- 我 空闲 时间 _无非_ 游泳、看 书 而已 。
+- 我 _无非_ 是 批评 了 他 几 句，他 怎么 哭 了？
+- 我 _无非_ 批评 了 他 几 句，他 怎么 哭 了？
+- 我们 _无非_ 是 谈 了 一下 孩子 的 教育 问题 罢了，没 谈 什么 特别 的 事情。
+- 我们 _无非_ 谈 了 一下 孩子 的 教育 问题 罢了，没 谈 什么 特别 的 事情。
+- 他 这样 做，_无非_ 是 为了 争取 更 多 的 权利。
+- 他 这样 做，_无非_ 为了 争取 更 多 的 权利。
+- 他 _无非_ 是 个 经理，没 什么 了不起 的。
+- 招待 中国 客人 最 好 的 饮料 _无非_ 是 一 杯 热 茶 而已。
+- 城市 里 的 人 来 到 农村，他们 最 想 感受 的 _无非_ 是 新鲜 的 空气，漂亮 的 风景 和 悠闲 的 生活 节奏 。
+- 孩子 想 得到 的 _无非_ 是 你 的 关心 罢了。
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+  - [Expressing "that's all" with "而已"](../../B2/而已.md) (B2)
+- Used for
+- Keywords： [无非](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%97%A0%E9%9D%9E)
+
+无非 (wúfēi) means "only," or "nothing but." People use 无非 to soften the meaning of what they're talking about, or to stress that what they're saying isn't serious or awesome. The end of the sentence sometimes has [罢了](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/gramwiki/?title=%E7%BD%A2%E4%BA%86&action=edit&redlink=1) or [而已](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E8%80%8C%E5%B7%B2).
+
+</TOC>
+
+## 无非 with verb
+
+### Structure
+
+无非 + 是 + Verb Phrase
+
+Adding a 是 is optional. Using 是 is more colloquial.
+
+### Examples
+
+- 我 空闲 时间 _无非_ 是 游泳、看 书 而已 。
+- 我 空闲 时间 _无非_ 游泳、看 书 而已 。
+- 我 _无非_ 是 批评 了 他 几 句，他 怎么 哭 了？
+- 我 _无非_ 批评 了 他 几 句，他 怎么 哭 了？
+- 我们 _无非_ 是 谈 了 一下 孩子 的 教育 问题 罢了，没 谈 什么 特别 的 事情。
+- 我们 _无非_ 谈 了 一下 孩子 的 教育 问题 罢了，没 谈 什么 特别 的 事情。
+- 他 这样 做，_无非_ 是 为了 争取 更 多 的 权利。
+- 他 这样 做，_无非_ 为了 争取 更 多 的 权利。
+
+## 无非 with noun
+
+### Structure
+
+无非 + 是 + Noun Phrase
+
+The use of "是" here is not optional.
+
+### Examples
+
+- 他 _无非_ 是 个 经理，没 什么 了不起 的。
+- 招待 中国 客人 最 好 的 饮料 _无非_ 是 一 杯 热 茶 而已。
+- 城市 里 的 人 来 到 农村，他们 最 想 感受 的 _无非_ 是 新鲜 的 空气，漂亮 的 风景 和 悠闲 的 生活 节奏 。
+- 孩子 想 得到 的 _无非_ 是 你 的 关心 罢了。
+
+## See also
+
+- [Expressing "that's all" with "而已"](../../B2/而已.md)
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [现代汉语八百词 ](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D) (pp. 559-560) [→buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001198GSW&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001198GSW)
+- [现代汉语词典](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/gramwiki/?title=%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1) (p.1437) [→buy](https://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/dp/B001B1RZCI/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693609&sr=8-1)
+- [现代汉语虚词例释](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D%E4%BE%8B%E9%87%8A) (p.492) [[1]](https://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D%E4%BE%8B%E9%87%8A/dp/B004323J90/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1394078649&sr=1-1&keywords=%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D%E4%BE%8B%E9%87%8A→buy)

docs/allsetlearning/C1/auxiliary-words/来着.md

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# Expressing that something has already happened with "来着"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 昨天 有 人 来 找 你 _来着_ 。
+  - There was someone looking for you yesterday.
+- 那 本 书 昨天 还 在 这儿 _来着_，今天 怎么 找 不到 了 ？
+  - That book was here yesterday. Why can't I find it today?
+- 他 叫 什么 _来着_？
+  - What was his name again?
+- 那 首 歌 是 谁 唱 的 _来着_ ？
+  - Who sang that song again?
+- 我们 上 次 说 周末 去 哪儿 玩 _来着_ ？
+  - Where is it that we said we are going to this weekend?
+- 我 说 什么 _来着_！你 一 吃 火锅 就 拉 肚子！
+  - I told you so! You have a diarrhea every time you eat hotpot!
+- 我 说 什么 _来着_！这 个 东西 肯定 是 假的！
+  - I told you so! This thing must be fake!
+- 我 说 什么 _来着_！他 不 是 真的 喜欢 你！
+  - I told you so! He is not really into you!
+- 我 说 什么 _来着_！他们 会 回来 的。
+  - I told you so! They would come back.
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+- Used for: [Sequencing events in time](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Sequencing_events_in_time)
+- Keywords: [来着](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%9D%A5%E7%9D%80)
+
+</TOC>
+
+来着 is an auxiliary word placed at the end of a sentence to express that something has already happened.
+
+## General use of "来着" in the sentence
+
+### Structure
+
+来着 is placed at the end of the sentence. 来着 does not have a negative form, in other words, it cannot be used with 不 or 没(有). Also, when 来着 is used in a question, it can only be used with 什么, 谁, and 哪儿.
+
+Sentence + 来着
+
+### Examples
+
+- 昨天 有 人 来 找 你 _来着_ 。
+  - There was someone looking for you yesterday.
+- 那 本 书 昨天 还 在 这儿 _来着_，今天 怎么 找 不到 了 ？
+  - That book was here yesterday. Why can't I find it today?
+- 他 叫 什么 _来着_？
+  - What was his name again?
+- 那 首 歌 是 谁 唱 的 _来着_ ？
+  - Who sang that song again?
+- 我们 上 次 说 周末 去 哪儿 玩 _来着_ ？
+  - Where is it that we said we are going to this weekend?
+
+## Special phrase "I told you so" with 来着
+
+来着 is used in a common expression similar to "didn't I tell you!?," used when the speaker wants to prove that they are right about something. The phrase is "我说什么来着."
+
+### Examples
+
+- 我 说 什么 _来着_！你 一 吃 火锅 就 拉 肚子！
+  - I told you so! You have a diarrhea every time you eat hotpot!
+- 我 说 什么 _来着_！这 个 东西 肯定 是 假的！
+  - I told you so! This thing must be fake!
+- 我 说 什么 _来着_！他 不 是 真的 喜欢 你！
+  - I told you so! He is not really into you!
+- 我 说 什么 _来着_！他们 会 回来 的。
+  - I told you so! They would come back.
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [Short-term Spoken Chinese: Elementary (汉语口语速成基础篇)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Short-term_Spoken_Chinese:_Elementary_(%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A3%E8%AF%AD%E9%80%9F%E6%88%90%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%AF%87)>) (p.107) [→buy](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00326U9MS/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=B00326U9MS)
+- [Home With Kids1 (家有儿女1)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Home_With_Kids1_(%E5%AE%B6%E6%9C%89%E5%84%BF%E5%A5%B31)>) (p.29) [→buy](https://www.amazon.cn/%E5%AE%B6%E6%9C%89%E5%84%BF%E5%A5%B31-%E5%88%98%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B0/dp/B0020MLDO8/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347862139&sr=8-1)
+- [Exemplification of Common Sentence Patterns in Spoken Chinese 汉语口语常用句式例解](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Exemplification_of_Common_Sentence_Patterns_in_Spoken_Chinese_%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A3%E8%AF%AD%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%A5%E5%BC%8F%E4%BE%8B%E8%A7%A3) (p.268) [→buy](https://www.amazon.cn/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A3%E8%AF%AD%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%A5%E5%BC%8F%E4%BE%8B%E8%A7%A3/dp/B0011435Y2/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347865939&sr=8-1)

docs/allsetlearning/C1/conjunctions/以免.md

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# "In order to avoid" with "以免"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 这儿 有 高压电线，请 不要 靠近，_以免_ 发生 危险。
+- 加强 安全 措施，_以免_ 发生 工伤事故。
+- 行人 和 车辆 必须 严格 遵守 交通法规，_以免_ 发生交通事故。
+- 你 赶紧 走，_以免_ 晚 。
+- 你 赶紧 走，_以免_ 晚 _了_。
+- 快 抓住 那个 坏人，_以免_ 跑。
+- 快 抓住 那个 坏人，_以免_ 跑 _了_。
+- 他们 努力 训练，_以免_ 在 比赛中 输 了。
+- 你 赶紧 解释 一下，_以免_ 她 伤心。
+- 不要 在 河边 玩耍，_以免_ 你 掉到 河里。
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+- Used for: [Expressing a central concept](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_a_central_concept)
+- Keywords: [以](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BB%A5), [以免](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BB%A5%E5%85%8D)
+
+</TOC>
+
+In written Chinese, many phrases are shortened or simplified. In this article, we will look at how 以免 is used, which can be considered the shortened form of 以便避免, meaning "in order to avoid."
+
+## Structure with a verb phrase
+
+In this grammar structure, the first clause brings up a reminder or a warning, and then the second clause starts of with 以免 (in order to) and tells the consequence of what happens if the reminder or warning is ignored.
+
+以免 + Verb Phrase
+
+### Examples
+
+- 这儿 有 高压电线，请 不要 靠近，_以免_ 发生 危险。
+- 加强 安全 措施，_以免_ 发生 工伤事故。
+- 行人 和 车辆 必须 严格 遵守 交通法规，_以免_ 发生交通事故。
+
+Make sure that 以免 is not used with a single verb or adjective. It must be used with a complete verb phrase.
+
+- 你 赶紧 走，_以免_ 晚 。
+- 你 赶紧 走，_以免_ 晚 _了_。
+- 快 抓住 那个 坏人，_以免_ 跑。
+- 快 抓住 那个 坏人，_以免_ 跑 _了_。
+
+## Structure with a sentence
+
+以免 can also be used with a sentence after it, with its own subject and predicate.
+
+以免 + Sentence
+
+### Examples
+
+- 他们 努力 训练，_以免_ 在 比赛中 输 了。
+- 你 赶紧 解释 一下，_以免_ 她 伤心。
+- 不要 在 河边 玩耍，_以免_ 你 掉到 河里。
+
+## See also
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [实用现代汉语语法](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)(P.349) [→buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B003YJGCSS&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B003YJGCSS)
+- [现代汉语八百词](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D)(P.489) [→buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001198GSW&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001198GSW)
+
+### Websites
+
+- [[1]](http://www.xzbu.com/9/view-7142699.htm)

docs/allsetlearning/C1/conjunctions/以及.md

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 
 - [Expressing "and" with "和"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22and%22_with_%22he%22)
 - [Expressing "in addition" with "还有"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22in_addition%22_with_%22haiyou%22)
-- [Combining verbs with "并"](../B2/并.md)
+- [Combining verbs with "并"](../../B2/并.md)
 
 ## Sources and further reading
 

docs/allsetlearning/C1/conjunctions/则.md

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Indicating contrast with "则"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 南方 人 喜欢 吃 甜 的 东西，北方 人 _则_ 喜欢 吃 咸 的 东西。
+- 美国 人 比较 开放，他们 喜欢 认识 新 的 朋友，中国 人 _则_ 比较 害羞，他们 更 喜欢 与 亲密 的 朋友 交往。
+- 我 老婆 习惯 安静、自然 的 乡村 生活，我 _则_ 习惯 喧闹 繁忙 的 大 城市 生活。
+- 南方 人 喜欢 吃 甜 的 东西，_而_ 北方 人 _则_ 喜欢 吃 咸 的 东西。
+- 美国 人 比较 开放，他们 喜欢 认识 新 的 朋友，_而_ 中国 人 _则_ 比较 害羞，他们 更 喜欢 与 内圈 的 朋友 交往。
+- 我 老婆 习惯 安静、大 自然 的 乡村 生活，_而_ 我 _则_ 习惯 喧闹 繁忙 的 大 城市 生活。
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+- Used for: [Contrasting](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Contrasting)
+- Keywords: [则](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%88%99)
+
+</TOC>
+
+则 is a conjunction that helps us to indicate contrast.
+
+## Structure
+
+This grammar pattern takes two things and makes a comparison. The second clause of the sentence (which includes the 则) describes another thing with a contrasting characteristic. In this instance, 则 has the same meaning as [却](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/The_%22However%22_Adverb_%22que%22).
+
+Subject + Predicate, 则 + Subject + Predicate
+
+You can also use this structure with 而, and it will have the same meaning.
+
+Clause 1，+ 而 Subject + 则 + Predicate
+
+### Examples
+
+- 南方 人 喜欢 吃 甜 的 东西，北方 人 _则_ 喜欢 吃 咸 的 东西。
+- 美国 人 比较 开放，他们 喜欢 认识 新 的 朋友，中国 人 _则_ 比较 害羞，他们 更 喜欢 与 亲密 的 朋友 交往。
+- 我 老婆 习惯 安静、自然 的 乡村 生活，我 _则_ 习惯 喧闹 繁忙 的 大 城市 生活。
+
+Here are the same sentences with 而.
+
+- 南方 人 喜欢 吃 甜 的 东西，_而_ 北方 人 _则_ 喜欢 吃 咸 的 东西。
+- 美国 人 比较 开放，他们 喜欢 认识 新 的 朋友，_而_ 中国 人 _则_ 比较 害羞，他们 更 喜欢 与 内圈 的 朋友 交往。
+- 我 老婆 习惯 安静、大 自然 的 乡村 生活，_而_ 我 _则_ 习惯 喧闹 繁忙 的 大 城市 生活。
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [Boya Chinese Upper Intermediate 1 (博雅汉语中级冲刺篇)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Boya_Chinese_Upper_Intermediate_1_(%E5%8D%9A%E9%9B%85%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E4%B8%AD%E7%BA%A7%E5%86%B2%E5%88%BA%E7%AF%87)>) （p. 171)[→buy](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7301075316/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7301075316)
+- [卓越汉语－公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87)(p. 134) [→buy](https://www.amazon.cn/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD-%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87-%E8%83%A1%E7%81%B5%E5%9D%87/dp/B003QZWQ6M/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347863170&sr=8-1)
+- [HSK Standard Course 5上](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_5%E4%B8%8A) (pp. 117) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)

docs/allsetlearning/C1/conjunctions/总之.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Expressing "in short" with "总之"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 不管 他 的 理由 是 什么 ，_总之_ ，我 不会 再 相信 他 了 。
+- _总之_ ，我们 这么 做 都是 为了 孩子 好 。
+- 他 经常 迟到 ，工作 也 不 负责任 ，_总之_ ，公司 必须 要 解雇 他 。
+- 我 喜欢 画画 ，你 喜欢 弹吉他 ，他 喜欢 打篮球 。_总之_ ，每个人 都 有 自己 的 爱好 。
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+- Used for: [Concluding](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Concluding)
+- Keywords: [总之](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%80%BB%E4%B9%8B)
+
+</TOC>
+
+总而言之 。总结或者概括前面所说的话的意思。
+
+## Structure
+
+（⋯⋯ ，）总之 ，⋯⋯
+
+## Examples
+
+- 不管 他 的 理由 是 什么 ，_总之_ ，我 不会 再 相信 他 了 。
+- _总之_ ，我们 这么 做 都是 为了 孩子 好 。
+- 他 经常 迟到 ，工作 也 不 负责任 ，_总之_ ，公司 必须 要 解雇 他 。
+- 我 喜欢 画画 ，你 喜欢 弹吉他 ，他 喜欢 打篮球 。_总之_ ，每个人 都 有 自己 的 爱好 。
+
+## See also
+
+- [Expressing "therefore" with "因此"](../../B2/因此.md)

docs/allsetlearning/C1/index.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech categor
 ### Adverbs
 
 | Grammar Point                                                          | Pattern                                 | Examples                                             |
-| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
+| ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
 | [Advanced usages of the contrary "倒"](./adverbs/倒.md)                | Subject + Verb + 得 + 倒 + Adjective    | 你 说 得 _倒_ 容易，那 你来！                        |
 | [Emphasizing with "很是"](./adverbs/很是.md)                           | Subj. + 很是 + Adj.                     | 这样做 _很是_ 必要 。                                |
 | [Expressing "a full" with "足足"](./adverbs/足足.md)                   | 足足 + Verb                             | 姚明 身高 _足足_ 有 2.26米。                         |
@@ -23,7 +23,76 @@ These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech categor
 | [Expressing "contrary to expectations" with "偏偏"](./adverbs/偏偏.md) | A ,Subject + 偏偏 + B                   | 不 叫 他 去，他 _偏偏_ 要 去。                       |
 | [Expressing "even so" with "再不... 也..."](./adverbs/再不.md)         | 再不…… 也……                             | _再 不_ 走，我 _也_ 。                               |
 | [Expressing "no exception" with "一律"](./adverbs/一律.md)             | 一律 + Predicate                        | 明天 的 部门 会议 _一律_ **都** 要 参加 。           |
-| [Expressing "nothing but" with "无非"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGW0911)           | 无非 + 是 + Verb / Noun                 | 我 _无非_ 是 想 要 一 台 电脑 ！                     |
+| [Expressing "nothing but" with "无非"](./adverbs/无非.md)              | 无非 + 是 + Verb / Noun                 | 我 _无非_ 是 想 要 一 台 电脑 ！                     |
 | [Expressing the unexpected with "竟然"](./adverbs/竟然.md)             | Subj. + 竟然 ⋯⋯                         | 我们 要 出发 的 时候，他 _竟然_ 说 不 去 了 。       |
-| [Expressing "when the time comes" with "到时候"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGMDJTD) | A, 到时候 + B                           | 现在 不 好好 准备 考试，_到时候_ 又 要 后悔 了。     |
+| [Expressing "when the time comes" with "到时候"](./adverbs/到时候.md)  | A, 到时候 + B                           | 现在 不 好好 准备 考试，_到时候_ 又 要 后悔 了。     |
-| [Expressing "why" with "何必"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASG3AD49)                   | Subj. + 何必 + Predicate                | 都是 一家人 ，你们 _何必_ 这么 客气 ？               |
+| [Expressing "why" with "何必"](./adverbs/何必.md)                      | Subj. + 何必 + Predicate                | 都是 一家人 ，你们 _何必_ 这么 客气 ？               |
+
+### Auxiliary Words
+
+| Grammar Point                                                                           | Pattern         | Examples                           |
+| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------- | ---------------------------------- |
+| [Expressing that something has already happened with "来着"](./auxiliary-words/来着.md) | Sentence + 来着 | 刘老师 说 课本 在 桌子 上 _来着_。 |
+
+### Conjunctions
+
+| Grammar Point                                                 | Pattern                                                   | Examples                                                      |
+| ------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| [Expressing "as well as" with "以及"](./conjunctions/以及.md) | [Noun Phrase 1]，[Noun Phrase 2] + 以及 + [Noun Phrase 3] | A ，B + 以及 + C                                              |
+| [Expressing "in short" with "总之"](./conjunctions/总之.md)   | （⋯⋯ ，）总之 ，⋯⋯                                        | 不管 他 的 理由 是 什么 ，_总之_ ，我 不会 再 相信 他 了 。   |
+| [Indicating contrast with "则"](./conjunctions/则.md)         | Clause 1，+ 则 + Clause 2                                 | 南方 人 喜欢 吃 甜 的 东西，北方 人 _则_ 喜欢 吃 咸 的 东西。 |
+| ["In order to avoid" with "以免"](./conjunctions/以免.md)     | 以免 + Verb Phrase                                        | 这儿 有 高压电线，请 不要 靠近，_以免_ 发生 危险。            |
+
+### Nouns
+
+| Grammar Point                                          | Pattern   | Examples                      |
+| ------------------------------------------------------ | --------- | ----------------------------- |
+| [Expressing "your side" with "本"](./nouns/本.md)      | 本 + Noun | 是 _本_ 公司 的 商业 模式。   |
+| [Indicating a characteristic with "性"](./nouns/性.md) | Word + 性 | 发生 地震 的 可能*性* 较 大。 |
+
+### Particles
+
+| Grammar Point                                                  | Pattern               | Examples                                         |
+| -------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
+| [Expressing "is or is not" with "是否"](./particles/是否.md)   | 是否 + Verb/Adjective | 我 不 知道 如果 那 个 房间 _是否_ 有 足够 空间。 |
+| [Expressing possession with "之"](./particles/之.md)           | Noun + 之 + Noun      | 这些 解决 问题 的 方式 仍然 有 不足 _之_ 处。    |
+| [Expressing "whether or not" with "与否"](./particles/与否.md) | Verb/Adjective + 与否 | 成功 _与否_，都 靠 自己。                        |
+| [Using the particle "呗"](./particles/呗.md)                   | Sentence + 呗         | 如果 你 不 想 去 就 不 去 _呗_。                 |
+
+### Prepositions
+
+| Grammar Point                                                  | Pattern                                   | Examples                                        |
+| -------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
+| [Expressing "in light of" with "鉴于"](./prepositions/鉴于.md) | 鉴于 + observation, conclusion/suggestion | _鉴于_ 是 紧急 情况，我们 应该 尽快 做出 决定。 |
+
+### Sentence patterns
+
+| Grammar Point                                                                                                       | Pattern                                        | Examples                                                                          |
+| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| [Adding emphasis with "非... 不可"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASG50DR1)                  | Subj. + 非(要) + Verb Phrase (+ 不可)          | 我 _非_ 学 好 汉语 _不可_ 。                                                      |
+| ["Could it be that" with "岂不是"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASG5HZG6)                   | 岂不是 + rhetorical question                   | 如果 他 要 来， _岂不是_ 一 件 好 事？                                            |
+| [Expressing "at the same time" with "兼"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGKU8FU)            | Subject + 兼 + Verb + A + 和 + B               | 这 首 歌 的 主唱 _兼_ 词 作者 就 是 他 。                                         |
+| [Expressing "could it be possible that" with "莫非"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGYYOXD) | Subject + 莫非 + rhetorical question           | _莫非_ 你 真的 相信 他？                                                          |
+| [Expressing "from this" with "由此"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGLQNS3)                 | 由此 + Verb                                    | 人们 滥 用 农药 和 其他 化学 原料，_由此_ 产生 了 一系列 严重 的 食品 安全 问题。 |
+| [Expressing “must" with "非得"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGK0ZG7)                      | 非得 + Action + 不可/不行/不成                 | 现在 是 紧急 情况，医生 _非得_ 马上 开 刀 _不可_。                                |
+| [Expressing "nothing is more...than" with "莫过于"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGGI66V)  | Object 1 + 莫过于 + Object 2                   | 美国 最 好 的 大学 _莫过于_ 哈佛大学。                                            |
+| [Expressing "rather than..." with "与其... 不如"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGWI5CV)    | 与其 + A，宁可 / 宁愿 / 宁肯）+ B              | _与其_ 这样 等着，_不如_ 找点 事 做做。                                           |
+| [Expressing "similar to" with "跟... 似的"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGA77KW)          | 跟 + Noun/Pronoun/Adjective + 似的             | 他们 俩 好 得 _跟_ 亲 姐妹 _似的_。                                               |
+| [Expressing "to be worthy of" with "不愧是"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGMCX2H)         | 不愧是（不愧为）+ N                            | 他 _不愧是_ 一名 光荣的 人民 教师。                                               |
+| [Expressing who is in charge with "由... 做主"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGU98B7)      | Area of responsibility + 由 + Person(s) + 做主 | 作为 商店 经理，所有 的 事情 都 _由_ 你 _做主_，出 了 事情 也 由 你 负责。        |
+| [Stating two or more reasons with "一来... 二来"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGK4CGK)    | 一来 + Reason 1 ，二来 + Reason 2              | _一来_ 是那边 的 宾馆 很 贵，_二来_ 也那边 没有 什么 好看 的 风景。               |
+| [Using "以... 为..."](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGWSSQL)                                | 以 + A + 为 + B                                | 我们 公司 是 _以_ 亚洲 市场 _为_ 主，_以_ 欧美 市场 _为_ 辅。                     |
+
+### Verbs
+
+| Grammar Point                                                                                     | Pattern                    | Examples                           |
+| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
+| [Expressing "I bet" using "谅"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGOR3M4)    | 谅 + Subject + Verb phrase | _谅_ 他 也 不敢！                  |
+| [Expressing "lies in" with "在于"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGA632B) | ⋯⋯ 在于 ⋯⋯                 | 我们 服务 的 特色 _在于_ 个性化 。 |
+
+### Verb phrases
+
+| Grammar Point                                                                                                          | Pattern                   | Examples                                            |
+| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
+| [Expressing something is "not worth doing" with "不屑"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGE2U25) | Subject + 不屑(于) + Verb | 我 的 同事 是 一位 很 诚实 的 人 ，他 _不屑_ 说谎。 |
+| [Facilitating an outcome with "以便"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGXU2H4)                   | 以便 + Verb               | 用 普通话 说 ， _以便_ 我 能 听懂 。                |

docs/allsetlearning/C1/nouns/性.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Indicating a characteristic with "性"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 你 知道 管理 的 _科学 性_ 和 _艺术 性_ 是 指 什么 吗？
+- 你 交 的 这 个 产品 宣传 方案 没有 _可行性_。
+- 中国 四川 省 的 山区，发生 地震 的 _可能性_ 较 大。
+- 本 公司 对 员工 上班 时间 没有 _硬性_ 规定。
+- 你 的 作品 越 来 越 有 _创造 性_。
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+- Used for
+- Keywords: [性](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%80%A7)
+
+</TOC>
+
+性 can be added after a word to express a characteristic or property. This is the equivalent of adding a "-ility" or "-ness" to English words, such as turning "possible" to "possibility" or “hard" to "hardness." It is also the equivalent of adding "-ic" to words, such as turing "history" to "historic."
+
+## Structure
+
+Since this is a suffix, it can be added to the end of words, similar to [化](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Making_words_in_%22-ize%22_words_with_%22hua%22) Pay attention to the words that can be used with 性. While there is no set rule on what can or cannot be used, there are trends we can look at.
+
+Word + 性
+
+### Examples
+
+- 你 知道 管理 的 _科学 性_ 和 _艺术 性_ 是 指 什么 吗？
+- 你 交 的 这 个 产品 宣传 方案 没有 _可行性_。
+- 中国 四川 省 的 山区，发生 地震 的 _可能性_ 较 大。
+- 本 公司 对 员工 上班 时间 没有 _硬性_ 规定。
+- 你 的 作品 越 来 越 有 _创造 性_。
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [Contemporary Chinese 4 (当代中文4)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Contemporary_Chinese_4_(%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%874)>)(p.94) [→buy](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7800529371/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7800529371)

docs/allsetlearning/C1/nouns/本.md

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+# Expressing "your side" with "本"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- _本_ 人 。
+- 顾客至上 是 _本_ 公司 的 经营 理念。
+- _本_ 校 不 允许 外校 学生 随便 进出。
+- _本_ 组织 。
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+- Used for
+- Keywords: [本](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%9C%AC)
+
+</TOC>
+
+In formal written Chinese, 本 can mean "this side," as in "this company" or "this country." It always refers to the side that the speaker is on.
+
+## Basic Structure
+
+本(běn) can means a few different types of "this." It can refer to oneself, a place, an organization, or even a certain time. The noun that's used with 本 is very often single-syllable noun, like 人, 校, 市, 省, 国, 周, 月, 年, 次, etc. 公司, 组织, 季度, 学期 are also commonly used with 本.
+
+本 + Noun
+
+## Examples
+
+- _本_ 人 。
+- 顾客至上 是 _本_ 公司 的 经营 理念。
+- _本_ 校 不 允许 外校 学生 随便 进出。
+- _本_ 组织 。
+
+Notice that the last example is 本人. It expresses "this person," which is like a fancy way of saying 我. This is especially common is resumes and cover letters.

docs/allsetlearning/C1/particles/与否.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Expressing "whether or not" with "与否"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 成功 _与否_，要 靠 自己。
+- 国家 发达 _与否_，取决于 它 的 人均 国内 生产 总值 有 多 高。
+- 头发、 皮肤、 眼睛 等 可以 显示 身体 健康 _与否_。
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+- Used for
+- Keywords: [与](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8E), [与否](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8E%E5%90%A6), [否](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%90%A6)
+
+</TOC>
+
+与否 is a grammatical particle that comes from classical Chinese meaning "whether or not." It is typically used at the end of the sentence or phrase.
+
+## Structure
+
+Verb/Adjective + 与否
+
+## Examples
+
+- 成功 _与否_，要 靠 自己。
+- 国家 发达 _与否_，取决于 它 的 人均 国内 生产 总值 有 多 高。
+- 头发、 皮肤、 眼睛 等 可以 显示 身体 健康 _与否_。
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+NEEDS SOURCES!

docs/allsetlearning/C1/particles/之.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Expressing possession with "之"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 害 人 _之_ 心 不 可 有，防 人 _之_ 心 不 可 无。
+- 这些 解决 问题 的 方式 仍然 有 不足 _之_ 处。
+- 粗心 _之_ 害 大于 无知。
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+- Used for: [Expressing possession](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_possession)
+- Keywords: [之](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B9%8B)
+
+</TOC>
+
+之 is one of the characters from classical Chinese that has come into common usage. It a formal written way to express possession.
+
+## Structure
+
+之 functions similarly to 的 in that it indicates possession. Remember that 之 is used this way formally, and most of the time it is used for titles of works, poems, formal documents etc.
+
+Noun + 之 + Noun
+
+### Examples
+
+- 害 人 _之_ 心 不 可 有，防 人 _之_ 心 不 可 无。
+- 这些 解决 问题 的 方式 仍然 有 不足 _之_ 处。
+- 粗心 _之_ 害 大于 无知。
+
+之 cannot simply take the place of any 的. Pay attention to the kinds of words it can be paired with.
+
+## Sources and Further Reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [卓越汉语－公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (p. 199) [→buy](https://www.amazon.cn/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD-%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87-%E8%83%A1%E7%81%B5%E5%9D%87/dp/B003QZWQ6M/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347863170&sr=8-1)

docs/allsetlearning/C1/particles/呗.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Using the particle "呗"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 别问 我们 为什么 去 KTV 唱歌，热闹 好 玩儿 _呗_！
+- 如果 你 不 知道 怎么 说，就 查 词典 _呗_！
+- 要是 不懂，就 好好 学 _呗_。
+- 如果 你 不 想 去 就 不 去 _呗_。
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+- Used for: [Expressing the obvious](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_the_obvious)
+- Keywords: [呗](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%91%97)
+
+</TOC>
+
+In advanced, colloquial Chinese, you may hear 呗 at the end of sentences. This particle is similar to 吧 and expresses "it's just this way." It points out something that is obvious.
+
+## Structure
+
+Use 呗 the same way you would any other particle, like 吧. Put it at the end of your sentence.
+
+Sentence + 呗
+
+呗 is one of those nuanced particles that has a few possible explanations. It can indicate that something is obvious, or it can express resignation. It can also express a lack of enthusiasm, or that something should or can only be done a certain way.
+
+### Examples
+
+- 别问 我们 为什么 去 KTV 唱歌，热闹 好 玩儿 _呗_！
+- 如果 你 不 知道 怎么 说，就 查 词典 _呗_！
+- 要是 不懂，就 好好 学 _呗_。
+- 如果 你 不 想 去 就 不 去 _呗_。
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Websites
+
+- [[1]](http://xueshu.baidu.com/s?wd=paperuri%3A%286994ca04dfe1230f5f053f0002dcc46b%29&filter=sc_long_sign&tn=SE_xueshusource_2kduw22v&sc_vurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doc88.com%2Fp-4819265646660.html&ie=utf-8&sc_us=3166075360886003009)

docs/allsetlearning/C1/particles/是否.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Expressing "is or is not" with "是否"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- 他们 _是否_ 考虑 过 在 上海 买 房？
+- 你 父母 _是否_ 同意 你们 住 在 一起？
+- 你 _是否_ 清楚 这样 做 的 后果？
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+- Used for
+- Keywords: [是](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%98%AF), [否](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%90%A6), [是否](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6)
+
+</TOC>
+
+The simplest way to understand 是否 is to think of it as a formal written version of 是不是.
+
+## Structure
+
+是否 is used together with a verb or an adjective.
+
+是否 + Verb / Adj.
+
+## Examples
+
+- 他们 _是否_ 考虑 过 在 上海 买 房？
+- 你 父母 _是否_ 同意 你们 住 在 一起？
+- 你 _是否_ 清楚 这样 做 的 后果？
+
+## Sources and further reading
+
+### Books
+
+- [HSK Standard Course 4下](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8B) (pp. 104) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
+- [卓越汉语－公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (p. 189) [→buy](https://www.amazon.cn/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD-%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87-%E8%83%A1%E7%81%B5%E5%9D%87/dp/B003QZWQ6M/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347863170&sr=8-1)
+
+NEEDS SOURCES!!
+
+- [HSK Standard Course 4下](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8B) (pp. 60) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)

docs/allsetlearning/C1/prepositions/鉴于.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Expressing "in light of" with "鉴于"
+
+<SentenceQuiz>
+
+- _鉴于_ 是 紧急 情况，我们 应该 尽快 做出 决定。
+- _鉴于_ 我 儿子 的 成绩 不 太 好，所以 我 让 他 去 补习班。
+- _鉴于_ 上周 的 恐怖 袭击 事件，当地 政府 采取 了 特殊 的 安保 措施。
+
+</SentenceQuiz>
+
+<TOC>
+
+- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
+- Similar to
+- Used for: [Indicating cause and effect](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_cause_and_effect)
+- Keywords: [于](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BA%8E), [鉴于](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E9%89%B4%E4%BA%8E)
+
+</TOC>
+
+鉴于 (jiànyú) is a preposition that expresses that a certain situation has gone through previous thought and consideration. 鉴于 can be thought of as "in light of," "in view of," "seeing that," etc.
+
+## Structure
+
+鉴于 is used the same way as "in regards to." Just put it in the beginning of your sentence. This grammar structure is used in written or formal contexts.
+
+鉴于 + observation, conclusion/suggestion
+
+### Examples
+
+- _鉴于_ 是 紧急 情况，我们 应该 尽快 做出 决定。
+- _鉴于_ 我 儿子 的 成绩 不 太 好，所以 我 让 他 去 补习班。
+- _鉴于_ 上周 的 恐怖 袭击 事件，当地 政府 采取 了 特殊 的 安保 措施。
+
+## See also
+
+- ["Due to…" with "由于"](../../B2/由于.md)
+- [Stating the Effect before the Cause](../../B2/之所以.md)
+- [Cause and Effect with "因为" and "所以"](../../A2/因为...所以.md)

docs/allsetlearning/C1/而.md

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 
 - Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
 - Similar to
-  - [Expressing "as a result" with "结果"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22as_a_result%22_with_%22jieguo%22) (B1)
+  - [Expressing "as a result" with "结果"](../B1/结果.md) (B1)
 - Used for: [Indicating conditions](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_conditions), [Sequencing events in time](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Sequencing_events_in_time), [Indicating cause and effect](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_cause_and_effect)
 - Keywords: [因为](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%9B%A0%E4%B8%BA), [而](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E8%80%8C)
 
@@ -88,8 +88,7 @@ Sometimes, 因为 can be shortened to just 因. This is used more in sentences t
 
 ## See also
 
-- [Cause and effect with "因为" and "所以"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Cause_and_effect_with_%22yinwei%22_and_%22suoyi%22)
+- [Cause and effect with "因为" and "所以"](../A2/因为...所以.md)
-- [Explaining results with "所以"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Explaining_results_with_%22suoyi%22)
 
 ## Sources and further reading
 

docs/index.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# zhdiary
+# zh-grammar
 
 ## Chinese [Grammar Wiki](./allsetlearning/index.md)
 

package.json

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
   "license": "ISC",
   "packageManager": "pnpm@10.30.3",
   "dependencies": {
+    "@tauri-apps/plugin-opener": "~2",
     "vitepress": "2.0.0-alpha.16",
     "vue": "^3.5.30"
   },

pnpm-lock.yaml

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ importers:
 
   .:
     dependencies:
+      '@tauri-apps/plugin-opener':
+        specifier: ~2
+        version: 2.5.3
       vitepress:
         specifier: 2.0.0-alpha.16
         version: 2.0.0-alpha.16(axios@1.13.6)(postcss@8.5.8)
@@ -536,6 +539,9 @@ packages:
   '@shikijs/vscode-textmate@10.0.2':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-83yeghZ2xxin3Nj8z1NMd/NCuca+gsYXswywDy5bHvwlWL8tpTQmzGeUuHd9FC3E/SBEMvzJRwWEOz5gGes9Qg==}
 
+  '@tauri-apps/api@2.10.1':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-hKL/jWf293UDSUN09rR69hrToyIXBb8CjGaWC7gfinvnQrBVvnLr08FeFi38gxtugAVyVcTa5/FD/Xnkb1siBw==}
+
   '@tauri-apps/cli-darwin-arm64@2.10.1':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Z2OjCXiZ+fbYZy7PmP3WRnOpM9+Fy+oonKDEmUE6MwN4IGaYqgceTjwHucc/kEEYZos5GICve35f7ZiizgqEnQ==}
     engines: {node: '>= 10'}
@@ -612,6 +618,9 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>= 10'}
     hasBin: true
 
+  '@tauri-apps/plugin-opener@2.5.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-CCcUltXMOfUEArbf3db3kCE7Ggy1ExBEBl51Ko2ODJ6GDYHRp1nSNlQm5uNCFY5k7/ufaK5Ib3Du/Zir19IYQQ==}
+
   '@types/estree@1.0.8':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-dWHzHa2WqEXI/O1E9OjrocMTKJl2mSrEolh1Iomrv6U+JuNwaHXsXx9bLu5gG7BUWFIN0skIQJQ/L1rIex4X6w==}
 
@@ -1416,6 +1425,8 @@ snapshots:
 
   '@shikijs/vscode-textmate@10.0.2': {}
 
+  '@tauri-apps/api@2.10.1': {}
+
   '@tauri-apps/cli-darwin-arm64@2.10.1':
     optional: true
 
@@ -1463,6 +1474,10 @@ snapshots:
       '@tauri-apps/cli-win32-ia32-msvc': 2.10.1
       '@tauri-apps/cli-win32-x64-msvc': 2.10.1
 
+  '@tauri-apps/plugin-opener@2.5.3':
+    dependencies:
+      '@tauri-apps/api': 2.10.1
+
   '@types/estree@1.0.8': {}
 
   '@types/hast@3.0.4':

src-tauri/Cargo.lock

@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tauri",
  "tauri-build",
  "tauri-plugin-log",
+ "tauri-plugin-opener",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -93,6 +94,137 @@ version = "0.7.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7c02d123df017efcdfbd739ef81735b36c5ba83ec3c59c80a9d7ecc718f92e50"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "async-broadcast"
+version = "0.7.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "435a87a52755b8f27fcf321ac4f04b2802e337c8c4872923137471ec39c37532"
+dependencies = [
+ "event-listener",
+ "event-listener-strategy",
+ "futures-core",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-channel"
+version = "2.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "924ed96dd52d1b75e9c1a3e6275715fd320f5f9439fb5a4a11fa51f4221158d2"
+dependencies = [
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "event-listener-strategy",
+ "futures-core",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-executor"
+version = "1.14.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c96bf972d85afc50bf5ab8fe2d54d1586b4e0b46c97c50a0c9e71e2f7bcd812a"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-task",
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "fastrand",
+ "futures-lite",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "slab",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-io"
+version = "2.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "456b8a8feb6f42d237746d4b3e9a178494627745c3c56c6ea55d92ba50d026fc"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "futures-io",
+ "futures-lite",
+ "parking",
+ "polling",
+ "rustix",
+ "slab",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-lock"
+version = "3.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "290f7f2596bd5b78a9fec8088ccd89180d7f9f55b94b0576823bbbdc72ee8311"
+dependencies = [
+ "event-listener",
+ "event-listener-strategy",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-process"
+version = "2.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fc50921ec0055cdd8a16de48773bfeec5c972598674347252c0399676be7da75"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-channel",
+ "async-io",
+ "async-lock",
+ "async-signal",
+ "async-task",
+ "blocking",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "event-listener",
+ "futures-lite",
+ "rustix",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-recursion"
+version = "1.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3b43422f69d8ff38f95f1b2bb76517c91589a924d1559a0e935d7c8ce0274c11"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-signal"
+version = "0.2.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "52b5aaafa020cf5053a01f2a60e8ff5dccf550f0f77ec54a4e47285ac2bab485"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-io",
+ "async-lock",
+ "atomic-waker",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-io",
+ "rustix",
+ "signal-hook-registry",
+ "slab",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-task"
+version = "4.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8b75356056920673b02621b35afd0f7dda9306d03c79a30f5c56c44cf256e3de"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-trait"
+version = "0.1.89"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9035ad2d096bed7955a320ee7e2230574d28fd3c3a0f186cbea1ff3c7eed5dbb"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "atk"
 version = "0.18.2"
@@ -200,6 +332,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "objc2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "blocking"
+version = "1.6.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e83f8d02be6967315521be875afa792a316e28d57b5a2d401897e2a7921b7f21"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-channel",
+ "async-task",
+ "futures-io",
+ "futures-lite",
+ "piper",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "borsh"
 version = "1.6.1"
@@ -444,6 +589,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "concurrent-queue"
+version = "2.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4ca0197aee26d1ae37445ee532fefce43251d24cc7c166799f4d46817f1d3973"
+dependencies = [
+ "crossbeam-utils",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "convert_case"
 version = "0.4.0"
@@ -819,6 +973,33 @@ version = "1.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4ef6b89e5b37196644d8796de5268852ff179b44e96276cf4290264843743bb7"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "endi"
+version = "1.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "66b7e2430c6dff6a955451e2cfc438f09cea1965a9d6f87f7e3b90decc014099"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "enumflags2"
+version = "0.7.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1027f7680c853e056ebcec683615fb6fbbc07dbaa13b4d5d9442b146ded4ecef"
+dependencies = [
+ "enumflags2_derive",
+ "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "enumflags2_derive"
+version = "0.7.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "67c78a4d8fdf9953a5c9d458f9efe940fd97a0cab0941c075a813ac594733827"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "env_filter"
 version = "0.1.4"
@@ -846,6 +1027,37 @@ dependencies = [
  "typeid",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "errno"
+version = "0.3.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "39cab71617ae0d63f51a36d69f866391735b51691dbda63cf6f96d042b63efeb"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "event-listener"
+version = "5.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e13b66accf52311f30a0db42147dadea9850cb48cd070028831ae5f5d4b856ab"
+dependencies = [
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "parking",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "event-listener-strategy"
+version = "0.5.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8be9f3dfaaffdae2972880079a491a1a8bb7cbed0b8dd7a347f668b4150a3b93"
+dependencies = [
+ "event-listener",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fastrand"
 version = "2.3.0"
@@ -998,6 +1210,19 @@ version = "0.3.32"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cecba35d7ad927e23624b22ad55235f2239cfa44fd10428eecbeba6d6a717718"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "futures-lite"
+version = "2.6.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f78e10609fe0e0b3f4157ffab1876319b5b0db102a2c60dc4626306dc46b44ad"
+dependencies = [
+ "fastrand",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-io",
+ "parking",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-macro"
 version = "0.3.32"
@@ -1386,6 +1611,12 @@ version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2304e00983f87ffb38b55b444b5e3b60a884b5d30c0fca7d82fe33449bbe55ea"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "hermit-abi"
+version = "0.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fc0fef456e4baa96da950455cd02c081ca953b141298e41db3fc7e36b1da849c"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hex"
 version = "0.4.3"
@@ -1693,6 +1924,25 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "is-docker"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "928bae27f42bc99b60d9ac7334e3a21d10ad8f1835a4e12ec3ec0464765ed1b3"
+dependencies = [
+ "once_cell",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "is-wsl"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "173609498df190136aa7dea1a91db051746d339e18476eed5ca40521f02d7aa5"
+dependencies = [
+ "is-docker",
+ "once_cell",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "itoa"
 version = "1.0.18"
@@ -1876,6 +2126,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "linux-raw-sys"
+version = "0.12.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "32a66949e030da00e8c7d4434b251670a91556f4144941d37452769c25d58a53"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "litemap"
 version = "0.8.1"
@@ -2228,12 +2484,34 @@ version = "1.21.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9f7c3e4beb33f85d45ae3e3a1792185706c8e16d043238c593331cc7cd313b50"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "open"
+version = "5.3.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "43bb73a7fa3799b198970490a51174027ba0d4ec504b03cd08caf513d40024bc"
+dependencies = [
+ "dunce",
+ "is-wsl",
+ "libc",
+ "pathdiff",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "option-ext"
 version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "04744f49eae99ab78e0d5c0b603ab218f515ea8cfe5a456d7629ad883a3b6e7d"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ordered-stream"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9aa2b01e1d916879f73a53d01d1d6cee68adbb31d6d9177a8cfce093cced1d50"
+dependencies = [
+ "futures-core",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pango"
 version = "0.18.3"
@@ -2259,6 +2537,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "system-deps",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "parking"
+version = "2.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f38d5652c16fde515bb1ecef450ab0f6a219d619a7274976324d5e377f7dceba"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "parking_lot"
 version = "0.12.5"
@@ -2282,6 +2566,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-link 0.2.1",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pathdiff"
+version = "0.2.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "df94ce210e5bc13cb6651479fa48d14f601d9858cfe0467f43ae157023b938d3"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "percent-encoding"
 version = "2.3.2"
@@ -2487,6 +2777,17 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8b870d8c151b6f2fb93e84a13146138f05d02ed11c7e7c54f8826aaaf7c9f184"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "piper"
+version = "0.2.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c835479a4443ded371d6c535cbfd8d31ad92c5d23ae9770a61bc155e4992a3c1"
+dependencies = [
+ "atomic-waker",
+ "fastrand",
+ "futures-io",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pkg-config"
 version = "0.3.32"
@@ -2519,6 +2820,20 @@ dependencies = [
  "miniz_oxide",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "polling"
+version = "3.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5d0e4f59085d47d8241c88ead0f274e8a0cb551f3625263c05eb8dd897c34218"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "hermit-abi",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "rustix",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "potential_utf"
 version = "0.1.4"
@@ -2942,6 +3257,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "semver",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rustix"
+version = "1.1.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b6fe4565b9518b83ef4f91bb47ce29620ca828bd32cb7e408f0062e9930ba190"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "errno",
+ "libc",
+ "linux-raw-sys",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rustversion"
 version = "1.0.22"
@@ -3251,6 +3579,16 @@ version = "1.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0fda2ff0d084019ba4d7c6f371c95d8fd75ce3524c3cb8fb653a3023f6323e64"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "signal-hook-registry"
+version = "1.4.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c4db69cba1110affc0e9f7bcd48bbf87b3f4fc7c61fc9155afd4c469eb3d6c1b"
+dependencies = [
+ "errno",
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "simd-adler32"
 version = "0.3.8"
@@ -3686,6 +4024,28 @@ dependencies = [
  "time",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "tauri-plugin-opener"
+version = "2.5.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fc624469b06f59f5a29f874bbc61a2ed737c0f9c23ef09855a292c389c42e83f"
+dependencies = [
+ "dunce",
+ "glob",
+ "objc2-app-kit",
+ "objc2-foundation",
+ "open",
+ "schemars 0.8.22",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "tauri",
+ "tauri-plugin",
+ "thiserror 2.0.18",
+ "url",
+ "windows",
+ "zbus",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-runtime"
 version = "2.10.1"
@@ -3786,6 +4146,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "toml 0.9.12+spec-1.1.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "tempfile"
+version = "3.27.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "32497e9a4c7b38532efcdebeef879707aa9f794296a4f0244f6f69e9bc8574bd"
+dependencies = [
+ "fastrand",
+ "getrandom 0.4.2",
+ "once_cell",
+ "rustix",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tendril"
 version = "0.4.3"
@@ -4089,9 +4462,21 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "63e71662fa4b2a2c3a26f570f037eb95bb1f85397f3cd8076caed2f026a6d100"
 dependencies = [
  "pin-project-lite",
+ "tracing-attributes",
  "tracing-core",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "tracing-attributes"
+version = "0.1.31"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7490cfa5ec963746568740651ac6781f701c9c5ea257c58e057f3ba8cf69e8da"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-core"
 version = "0.1.36"
@@ -4141,6 +4526,17 @@ version = "1.19.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "562d481066bde0658276a35467c4af00bdc6ee726305698a55b86e61d7ad82bb"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "uds_windows"
+version = "1.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f2f6fb2847f6742cd76af783a2a2c49e9375d0a111c7bef6f71cd9e738c72d6e"
+dependencies = [
+ "memoffset",
+ "tempfile",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unic-char-property"
 version = "0.9.0"
@@ -4989,6 +5385,9 @@ name = "winnow"
 version = "0.7.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "df79d97927682d2fd8adb29682d1140b343be4ac0f08fd68b7765d9c059d3945"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winnow"
@@ -5200,6 +5599,67 @@ dependencies = [
  "synstructure",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "zbus"
+version = "5.14.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ca82f95dbd3943a40a53cfded6c2d0a2ca26192011846a1810c4256ef92c60bc"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-broadcast",
+ "async-executor",
+ "async-io",
+ "async-lock",
+ "async-process",
+ "async-recursion",
+ "async-task",
+ "async-trait",
+ "blocking",
+ "enumflags2",
+ "event-listener",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-lite",
+ "hex",
+ "libc",
+ "ordered-stream",
+ "rustix",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_repr",
+ "tracing",
+ "uds_windows",
+ "uuid",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+ "winnow 0.7.15",
+ "zbus_macros",
+ "zbus_names",
+ "zvariant",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zbus_macros"
+version = "5.14.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "897e79616e84aac4b2c46e9132a4f63b93105d54fe8c0e8f6bffc21fa8d49222"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro-crate 3.5.0",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+ "zbus_names",
+ "zvariant",
+ "zvariant_utils",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zbus_names"
+version = "4.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ffd8af6d5b78619bab301ff3c560a5bd22426150253db278f164d6cf3b72c50f"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+ "winnow 0.7.15",
+ "zvariant",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
 version = "0.8.47"
@@ -5279,3 +5739,43 @@ name = "zmij"
 version = "1.0.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b8848ee67ecc8aedbaf3e4122217aff892639231befc6a1b58d29fff4c2cabaa"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zvariant"
+version = "5.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5708299b21903bbe348e94729f22c49c55d04720a004aa350f1f9c122fd2540b"
+dependencies = [
+ "endi",
+ "enumflags2",
+ "serde",
+ "winnow 0.7.15",
+ "zvariant_derive",
+ "zvariant_utils",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zvariant_derive"
+version = "5.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5b59b012ebe9c46656f9cc08d8da8b4c726510aef12559da3e5f1bf72780752c"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro-crate 3.5.0",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+ "zvariant_utils",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zvariant_utils"
+version = "3.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f75c23a64ef8f40f13a6989991e643554d9bef1d682a281160cf0c1bc389c5e9"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "serde",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+ "winnow 0.7.15",
+]

src-tauri/Cargo.toml

@@ -23,3 +23,4 @@ serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 log = "0.4"
 tauri = { version = "2.10.3", features = [] }
 tauri-plugin-log = "2"
+tauri-plugin-opener = "2"

src-tauri/capabilities/default.json

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
     "main"
   ],
   "permissions": [
-    "core:default"
+    "core:default",
+    "opener:default"
   ]
 }

src-tauri/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #[cfg_attr(mobile, tauri::mobile_entry_point)]
 pub fn run() {
     tauri::Builder::default()
+        .plugin(tauri_plugin_opener::init())
         .setup(|app| {
             if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
                 app.handle().plugin(
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ pub fn run() {
                         .build(),
                 )?;
             }
+
             Ok(())
         })
         .run(tauri::generate_context!())