diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/A2/每.md b/docs/allsetlearning/A2/每.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e17beb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/A2/每.md @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +# Expressing "every" with "每" + + + +- _每_ 个 菜 **都** 好吃。 + + - Every dish is delicious. +- 你 _每_ 个 人 **都** 认识 吗？ + + - Do you know every person? +- 老板 _每_ 个 月 **都** 出差。 + + - The boss goes on business trips every month. +- 他 _每_ 天 **都** 不 吃 早饭。 + + - Every morning he skips breakfast. +- 他 _每_ 年 **都** 来 中国。 + + - He comes to China every year. +- 我 _每_ 个 星期 **都** 给 妈妈 打电话。 + + - I give mom a phone call every week. +- 这个 班 的 _每_ 个 学生 **都** 很 聪明。 + + - Each of the students in this class are very smart. +- 老师 _每_ 天 **都** 给 我们 很多 作业。 + + - Every day the teacher gives us a lot of homework. +- 我们 _每_ 周 **都** 要 开会。 + + - Every week we need to have a meeting. +- 他们 _每_ 个 周末 **都** 去 公园。 + + - Every weekend they go to the park. + + + + + +- Level: [A2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/A2_grammar_points) / [HSK2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK2_grammar_points) +- Similar to + - [The "all" adverb "都"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/The_%22all%22_adverb_%22dou%22) (A1) + - [Emphasizing quantity with "都"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Emphasizing_quantity_with_%22dou%22) (A2) + - [Measure words for counting](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Measure_words_for_counting) (A2) + - [Expressing "every time" with "每" and "都"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22every_time%22_with_%22mei%22_and_%22dou%22) (B1) + - [Expressing "how often"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22how_often%22) (B1) + - [Measure words for verbs](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Measure_words_for_verbs) (B1) + - [Expressing "all" with "凡是"](../C1/凡是.md) (C1) +- Used for +- Keywords: [都](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E9%83%BD), [每](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%AF%8F) + + + +In this article we will look at the structure for saying "every" in Chinese, which is slightly more involved than just throwing in the word 每 (měi). + +## Structure + +The pronoun 每 (měi) covers the meanings of "each" and "every." It should normally be used with a [measure word](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Measure_word) and [used with 都 (dōu)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Emphasizing_quantity_with_%22dou%22) in a complete sentence. + +每 + Measure Word + Noun + 都 + +Note that there are some words that don't use measure words because they themselves are already measure words. For example: 天 (tiān), 年 (nián), 周 (zhōu), 次 (cì) etc. + +## Examples + +- _每_ 个 菜 **都** 好吃。 + + - Every dish is delicious. +- 你 _每_ 个 人 **都** 认识 吗？ + + - Do you know every person? +- 老板 _每_ 个 月 **都** 出差。 + + - The boss goes on business trips every month. +- 他 _每_ 天 **都** 不 吃 早饭。 + + - Every morning he skips breakfast. +- 他 _每_ 年 **都** 来 中国。 + + - He comes to China every year. +- 我 _每_ 个 星期 **都** 给 妈妈 打电话。 + + - I give mom a phone call every week. +- 这个 班 的 _每_ 个 学生 **都** 很 聪明。 + + - Each of the students in this class are very smart. +- 老师 _每_ 天 **都** 给 我们 很多 作业。 + + - Every day the teacher gives us a lot of homework. +- 我们 _每_ 周 **都** 要 开会。 + + - Every week we need to have a meeting. +- 他们 _每_ 个 周末 **都** 去 公园。 + + - Every weekend they go to the park. + +## See also + +- [Expressing "every time" with "每" and "都"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22every_time%22_with_%22mei%22_and_%22dou%22) +- [Measure words for counting](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Measure_words_for_counting) +- [Measure words for verbs](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Measure_words_for_verbs) + +## Sources and further reading + +### Books + +- [HSK Standard Course 2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_2) (pp. 12) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese:_An_Essential_Grammar,_Second_Edition) (p. 19) [→buy](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615) diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/B2/只要.md b/docs/allsetlearning/B2/只要.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..437f14c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/B2/只要.md @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +# Expressing "as long as" with "只要" + + + +- _只要_ 你 真的 喜欢， 我 _就_ 给 你 买 。 + + - As long as you really like it, I will buy it for you. +- _只要_ 你 努力 学习， _就_ 会 有 进步 。 + + - As long as you study hard, you'll make progress. +- _只要_ 有 你 在， 我 _就_ 放心 了 。 + + - As long as you are here, I won't be worried. +- _只要_ 下雨， 她 _就_ 会 心情 不 好 。 + + - Whenever it rains, she will be in a bad mood. +- _只要_ 看到 妈妈， 宝宝 _就_ 不 哭 了 。 + + - Whenever she sees her mother, the baby stops crying. +- _只要_ 你 完成 了 工作， _就_ 可以 不 用 加班 。 + + - As long as you have finished your work, there is no need to do overtime. +- _只要_ 你 妈妈 同意 你 去 北京， 我 _就_ 没有 意见 。 + + - As long as your mother agrees with you going to Beijing, I have no issue with it. +- _只要_ 不 堵车， 我们 _就_ 能 准时 到 。 + + - As long as traffic isn't bad, we can get there on time. +- _只要_ 你 不 生气 ， 我 _就_ 告诉 你 。 + + - As long as you won't get mad, I'll tell you. +- _只要_ 你 的 要求 是 合理 的 ， 我们 _就_ 可以 考虑 。 + + - As long as your requirements are reasonable, we can consider them. + + + + + +- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK3](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK3_grammar_points) and [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points) +- Similar to + - [Expressing "only after" with "才"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22only_after%22_with_%22cai%22) (B2) + - [Expressing "only if" with "只有"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22only_if%22_with_%22zhiyou%22) (B2) + - [Expressing "all" with "凡是"](../C1/凡是.md) (C1) +- Used for: [Indicating conditions](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_conditions), [Indicating cause and effect](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_cause_and_effect) +- Keywords: [就](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%B0%B1), [只要](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8F%AA%E8%A6%81), [只](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8F%AA) + + + +只要……就…… (zhǐyào... jiù...) means "as long as... then...." In other words, _whenever_ A happens, B (always) results. + +## Structure + +Use this structure to express that "as long as" [something happens], "then" [something else will happen]. In logic, this is referred to as a "[sufficient condition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_and_sufficiency)," meaning that it may not be the _only way_ to bring about the these specific consequences, but it is _one reliable way_. + +只要 + Condition ，就 + Result + +## Examples + +- _只要_ 你 真的 喜欢， 我 _就_ 给 你 买 。 + + - As long as you really like it, I will buy it for you. +- _只要_ 你 努力 学习， _就_ 会 有 进步 。 + + - As long as you study hard, you'll make progress. +- _只要_ 有 你 在， 我 _就_ 放心 了 。 + + - As long as you are here, I won't be worried. +- _只要_ 下雨， 她 _就_ 会 心情 不 好 。 + + - Whenever it rains, she will be in a bad mood. +- _只要_ 看到 妈妈， 宝宝 _就_ 不 哭 了 。 + + - Whenever she sees her mother, the baby stops crying. +- _只要_ 你 完成 了 工作， _就_ 可以 不 用 加班 。 + + - As long as you have finished your work, there is no need to do overtime. +- _只要_ 你 妈妈 同意 你 去 北京， 我 _就_ 没有 意见 。 + + - As long as your mother agrees with you going to Beijing, I have no issue with it. +- _只要_ 不 堵车， 我们 _就_ 能 准时 到 。 + + - As long as traffic isn't bad, we can get there on time. +- _只要_ 你 不 生气 ， 我 _就_ 告诉 你 。 + + - As long as you won't get mad, I'll tell you. +- _只要_ 你 的 要求 是 合理 的 ， 我们 _就_ 可以 考虑 。 + + - As long as your requirements are reasonable, we can consider them. + +## See also + +- ["Only if" with "只有"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22Only_if%22_with_%22zhiyou%22) +- ["If…, then…" with "如果…, 就…"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22If%E2%80%A6,_then%E2%80%A6%22_with_%22ruguo%E2%80%A6,_jiu%E2%80%A6%22) + +## Sources and further reading + +### Books + +- [HSK Standard Course 3](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_3) (pp. 154) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [HSK Standard Course 4上](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8A) (pp. 93) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]() (pp. 83) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_2) (pp. 124) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,) +- [卓越汉语－公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 112) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,) diff --git a/docs/allsetlearning/C1/凡是.md b/docs/allsetlearning/C1/凡是.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..394d95f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/allsetlearning/C1/凡是.md @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +# Expressing "all" with "凡是" + + + +- _凡是_ 用 鸡蛋 做 的 菜 ，他 **都** 不 喜欢 。 + - As long as the food is made of egg, he wouldn't like. +- _凡是_ 不 听话 的 孩子 **都** 没有 糖 吃 。 + - As long as the kid doesn't behave well, he won't get any candy to eat. +- _凡是_ 会员 **都** 有 折扣 。 + - As long as you have a membership, you can benefit from a discount. +- _凡是_ 美国 公民 **就** 可以 投票 ，这 是 真的 吗 ？ + - As long as you're an American citizen, you can vote. Is this true? +- _凡是_ 提前 三天 报名 的 人 **就** 可以 免费 入场 。 + - As long as you sign up three days in advance, you can enter free of charge. +- _凡是_ 没有 体检 的 人 **一律** 不能 献血 。 + - As long as you haven't take an physical examination, you can't donate blood. +- _凡是_ 杀 了 人 的 人 **一律** 判死刑 ，这是 真的 吗 ？ + - As long as you kill someone, you will be sentenced to death. Is that true? +- _凡是_ 听说 这件事 的 人 **无不** 惊讶 。 + - Everyone is surprised as long as they've heard about this. +- _凡是_ 看 过 他 的 表演 的 人 **无不** 赞叹 他 的 演技 。 + - Everyone are amazed by his acting skills as long as they've seen his acting. +- _凡_ 质量 不合格 的 产品 **均** 须 退回 。 + - The product must be returned as long as it's not qualified. +- _凡_ 使用 兴奋剂 的 运动员 **均** 会 受到 严重 惩罚 。 + - As long as the athletes take stimulants, they will be punished very seriously. + + + + + +- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points) +- Similar to + - [Expressing "every" with "每"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22every%22_with_%22mei%22) (A2) + - [Expressing "as long as" with "只要"](../B2/只要.md) (B2) +- Used for +- Keywords: [凡是](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%87%A1%E6%98%AF) + + + +凡是(fánshì)，副词，指在某个范围内的所有事物或情况，没有例外，意思是"只要是"。用于句子的开头，用来修饰名词或名词性词组，口语中常和"就、都、一律"等搭配使用。 + +## Basic Pattern + +### Structure + +凡是 + Noun + 都 / 就 / 一律 + Predicate + +### Examples + +- 凡是 with 都: + +- _凡是_ 用 鸡蛋 做 的 菜 ，他 **都** 不 喜欢 。 + - As long as the food is made of egg, he wouldn't like. +- _凡是_ 不 听话 的 孩子 **都** 没有 糖 吃 。 + - As long as the kid doesn't behave well, he won't get any candy to eat. +- _凡是_ 会员 **都** 有 折扣 。 + - As long as you have a membership, you can benefit from a discount. + +- 凡是 with 就: + +- _凡是_ 美国 公民 **就** 可以 投票 ，这 是 真的 吗 ？ + - As long as you're an American citizen, you can vote. Is this true? +- _凡是_ 提前 三天 报名 的 人 **就** 可以 免费 入场 。 + - As long as you sign up three days in advance, you can enter free of charge. + +- 凡是 with 一律: + +- _凡是_ 没有 体检 的 人 **一律** 不能 献血 。 + - As long as you haven't take an physical examination, you can't donate blood. +- _凡是_ 杀 了 人 的 人 **一律** 判死刑 ，这是 真的 吗 ？ + - As long as you kill someone, you will be sentenced to death. Is that true? + +## Advanced Pattern + +### Structure + +凡是 can also be used with 无不 and 均. 无不 literally means 没有一个不, which gives a stronger tone of emphasis. 均 simply means 都 in written language. + +凡 is used more in written language than 凡是. + +凡(是) + Noun + 无不 / 均 + Predicate + +### Examples + +- _凡是_ 听说 这件事 的 人 **无不** 惊讶 。 + - Everyone is surprised as long as they've heard about this. +- _凡是_ 看 过 他 的 表演 的 人 **无不** 赞叹 他 的 演技 。 + - Everyone are amazed by his acting skills as long as they've seen his acting. +- _凡_ 质量 不合格 的 产品 **均** 须 退回 。 + - The product must be returned as long as it's not qualified. +- _凡_ 使用 兴奋剂 的 运动员 **均** 会 受到 严重 惩罚 。 + - As long as the athletes take stimulants, they will be punished very seriously. + +## See also + +- [Expressing "as long as" with "只要"](../B2/只要.md) +- [Expressing "every" with "每"](../A2/每.md) diff --git a/docs/index.md b/docs/index.md index b45957c..91698c7 100644 --- a/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/index.md @@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ - [C1/Adverbs/很是](./allsetlearning/C1/很是.md) - [C1/Adverbs/足足](./allsetlearning/C1/足足.md) - [C1/Adverbs/一再](./allsetlearning/C1/一再.md) +- [C1/Adverbs/凡是](./allsetlearning/C1/凡是.md) diff --git a/webview.js b/webview.js index 53c7de3..955dd61 100644 --- a/webview.js +++ b/webview.js @@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ const { Webview } = require("webview-nodejs"); const { spawn } = require("child_process"); const PORT = 5173; +/** + * I don’t see an alternative: “DeprecationWarning: Passing args to a child process with shell option true …” + * https://github.com/nodejs/help/issues/5063 + */ const p = spawn("pnpm", ["vitepress", "dev", "--port", String(PORT), "docs"], { shell: true, stdio: "inherit", @@ -14,7 +18,7 @@ w.init(/* js */ ` document.addEventListener('click', (ev) => { if (ev.target.matches('a')) { const href = ev.target.href || ''; - if (href.startsWith('https://')) ev.preventDefault(); + if (href.startsWith('https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/')) ev.preventDefault(); } }) `); @@ -22,4 +26,9 @@ w.navigate(`http://localhost:${PORT}`); w.show(); console.log(p.kill("SIGINT")); + +/** + * node:child_process#spawn doesn't fire close event if app exits immediately after spawned app exits + * ??? https://github.com/oven-sh/bun/issues/3083 + */ require("kill-port")(PORT);