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docs/allsetlearning/B2/degree-complements.md
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# Advanced degree complements
<SentenceQuiz>
- 这个 孩子 **自私** _得很_ 。
<!-- - Zhège háizi **zìsī** _de hěn_. -->
- This child is super selfish.
- 我 老婆 的 工作 **轻松** _得很_ 。
<!-- - Wǒ lǎopo de gōngzuò **qīngsōng** _de hěn_. -->
- My wife's job is extremely easy and relaxed.
- 我 爸爸 **固执** _得 不得了_ 。
<!-- - Wǒ bàba **gùzhí** _de bùdéliǎo_. -->
- My father is awfully stubborn.
- 赢 了 比赛 以后 ，他 **骄傲** _得 不得了_ 。
<!-- - Yíng le bǐsài yǐhòu, tā **jiāo'ào** _de bùdéliǎo_. -->
- He was terribly proud after he won the competition.
- 听说 儿子 又 跟 同学 打架 了 ，爸爸 **气** _得 不得了_ 。
<!-- - Tīngshuō érzi yòu gēn tóngxué dǎjià le, bàba **qì** _de bùdéliǎo_. -->
- Having heard his son was fighting with his classmate again, the father was incensed.
- 我 儿子 **淘气** _得 要命_ 。
<!-- - Wǒ érzi **táoqì** _de yàomìng_. -->
- My son is incredibly naughty.
- 今天 路上 **堵** _得 要命_ ！
<!-- - Jīntiān lùshang **dǔ** _de yàomìng_! -->
- The traffic is terrible!
- 地铁 **挤** _得 要命_ ！
<!-- - Dìtiě **jǐ** _de yàomìng_! -->
- The metro is so crowded!
- 我 的 牙 **痛** _得 不 行_ ！
<!-- - Wǒ de yá **tòng** _de bùxíng_! -->
- My teeth hurt so badly!
- 外面 **热** _得 不 行_ 。
<!-- - Wàimiàn **rè** _de bùxíng_. -->
- It's awfully hot outside.
</SentenceQuiz>
<TOC>
- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK5](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK5_grammar_points)
- Similar to
- [Negative adjectives with "-死了"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Negative_adjectives_with_%22-si_le%22) (A2)
- [Adjectives with "-极了"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Adjectives_with_%22-ji_le%22) (B1)
- [Degree complement](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Degree_complement) (B1)
- [Adjectival complement "得不得了"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Adjectival_complement_%22de_budeliao%22) (B2)
- [Adjectival complement "得很"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Adjectival_complement_%22de_hen%22) (B2)
- [Complement "-坏了"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Complement_%22-huai_le%22) (B2)
- Used for: [Expressing degree](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_degree)
- Keywords: [得](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%BE%97), [很](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%BE%88), [不得了](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8D%E5%BE%97%E4%BA%86), [要命](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E8%A6%81%E5%91%BD), [不行](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A1%8C)
</TOC>
There are many ways to express "degree" following a _verb_. A vast array of words can function as [degree complements](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Degree_complement) following **verbs**, indicating degree and quality. When it comes to degree complements for _adjectives_, however, options are much more limited.
## Common Patterns
You should already know complements [-死了](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Negative_adjectives_with_%22-si_le%22) and [-极了](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Adjectives_with_%22-ji_le%22). The following are some of the other more common degree complements which follow adjectives.
- Adj. + 得 + 很
- Adj. + 得 + 不得了
- Adj. + 得 + 要命
- Adj. + 得 + 不行
## Examples
- 这个 孩子 **自私** _得很_ 。
<!-- - Zhège háizi **zìsī** _de hěn_. -->
- This child is super selfish.
- 我 老婆 的 工作 **轻松** _得很_ 。
<!-- - Wǒ lǎopo de gōngzuò **qīngsōng** _de hěn_. -->
- My wife's job is extremely easy and relaxed.
- 我 爸爸 **固执** _得 不得了_ 。
<!-- - Wǒ bàba **gùzhí** _de bùdéliǎo_. -->
- My father is awfully stubborn.
- 赢 了 比赛 以后 ，他 **骄傲** _得 不得了_ 。
<!-- - Yíng le bǐsài yǐhòu, tā **jiāo'ào** _de bùdéliǎo_. -->
- He was terribly proud after he won the competition.
- 听说 儿子 又 跟 同学 打架 了 ，爸爸 **气** _得 不得了_ 。
<!-- - Tīngshuō érzi yòu gēn tóngxué dǎjià le, bàba **qì** _de bùdéliǎo_. -->
- Having heard his son was fighting with his classmate again, the father was incensed.
- 我 儿子 **淘气** _得 要命_ 。
<!-- - Wǒ érzi **táoqì** _de yàomìng_. -->
- My son is incredibly naughty.
- 今天 路上 **堵** _得 要命_ ！
<!-- - Jīntiān lùshang **dǔ** _de yàomìng_! -->
- The traffic is terrible!
- 地铁 **挤** _得 要命_ ！
<!-- - Dìtiě **jǐ** _de yàomìng_! -->
- The metro is so crowded!
- 我 的 牙 **痛** _得 不 行_ ！
<!-- - Wǒ de yá **tòng** _de bùxíng_! -->
- My teeth hurt so badly!
- 外面 **热** _得 不 行_ 。
<!-- - Wàimiàn **rè** _de bùxíng_. -->
- It's awfully hot outside.
For more examples with [得很](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Adjectival_complement_%22de_hen%22) and [得不得了](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Adjectival_complement_%22de_budeliao%22), see their respective grammar points.
## See also
- [Degree complement](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Degree_complement)
- [Adjectives with "-极了"](../B1/极了.md)
- [Complement "-坏了"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Complement_%22-huai_le%22)
docs/allsetlearning/B2/倒.md
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# Expressing contrariness with "倒"
<SentenceQuiz>
- 我 帮 他， _倒_ 不 是 因为 喜欢 他，是 因为 他 工作 很 努力 。
<!-- - <span class="pinyin">Wǒ bāng tā, **_dào_** bù shì yīnwèi xǐhuan tā, shì yīnwèi tā gōngzuò hěn nǔlì.</span> -->
- I helped him not because I liked him, but because he worked very hard.
- 他 不 是 很 努力 ，成绩 _倒_ 也 不错 。
<!-- - <span class="pinyin">Tā bù shì hěn nǔlì, chéngjì **_dào_** yě bùcuò.</span> -->
- He's not very hard-working, but his scores also aren't bad.
- 已经 是 春天 了，_倒_ 又 冷 起来 了。
<!-- - Yǐjīng shì chūntiān le, _dào_ yòu lěng qǐlái le. -->
- It's already spring, but it's actually getting colder.
- 不 吃 药 ，病 _倒_ 慢慢 好 了。
<!-- - Bù chī yào, bìng _dào_ mànman hǎo le. -->
- Without taking any medicine, I'm actually slowly getting better.
- 英语 不 是 他 的 母语 ，他 说 得 _倒_ 挺 地道 的 。
<!-- - Yīngyǔ bù shì tā de mǔyǔ, tā shuō de _dào_ tǐng dìdao de. -->
- English is not his mother language, but he speaks quite native-like.
- 我 _倒_ 是 想 去 旅游 ，**但是** 现在 太 忙 了，没有 时间 。
<!-- - Wǒ _dào_ shì xiǎng qù lǚyóu, dànshì xiànzài tài máng le, méiyǒu shíjiān. -->
- I do want to go on a trip, but I am too busy to do so now.
- 这 篇 文章 的 内容 _倒_ 不错 ，**就是** 太 长 了 。
<!-- - Zhè piān wénzhāng de nèiróng _dào_ bùcuò, **jiùshì** tài cháng le. -->
- The content of this article is great, but it's just too long.
- 这 件 衣服 的 样式 和 大小 _倒_ 都 合适 ，**可是** 我 不 喜欢 这 个 颜色 。
<!-- - Zhè jiàn yīfu de yàngshì hé dàxiǎo _dào_ dōu héshì, **kěshì** wǒ bù xǐhuan zhège yánsè. -->
- The style and size of this piece of clothing actually work well, but I don't like the color.
- 你们 的 服务 _倒_ 不错 ，**但是** 对 我 来说 太 贵 了 。
<!-- - Nǐmen de fúwù _dào_ bùcuò, **dànshì** duì wǒ lái shuō tài guì le. -->
- Your service is great, but it's too expensive for me.
- 我 _倒_ 想 陪 你 一起 去 ，**不过** 要 等 到 周末 。
<!-- - Wǒ _dào_ xiǎng péi nǐ yīqǐ qù, **bùguò** yào děngdào zhōumò. -->
- I really would like to go with you, but you would need to wait until the weekend.
</SentenceQuiz>
<TOC>
- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points)
- Similar to
- [Expressing "on the contrary" with "反而"](./反而) (B2)
- [The "however" adverb "却"](./却) (B2)
- Used for: [Contrasting](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Contrasting)
- Keywords: [倒](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%80%92)
</TOC>
倒 (dào) can be used to express something is contrary to expectations, acting as a turning point in the sentence. It is generally followed by a positive comment.
## Using 倒 as "However"
倒 can be used to express an unexpected situation. Note that 倒 is often followed by 也 or 又 to add further emphasis.
### Structure
⋯⋯ ，Subj. + 倒 + (也 / 又) ⋯⋯
### Examples
Sometimes "actually" works well in translations to indicate the contrast between expectation and reality.
- 我 帮 他， _倒_ 不 是 因为 喜欢 他，是 因为 他 工作 很 努力 。
<!-- - <span class="pinyin">Wǒ bāng tā, **_dào_** bù shì yīnwèi xǐhuan tā, shì yīnwèi tā gōngzuò hěn nǔlì.</span> -->
- I helped him not because I liked him, but because he worked very hard.
- 他 不 是 很 努力 ，成绩 _倒_ 也 不错 。
<!-- - <span class="pinyin">Tā bù shì hěn nǔlì, chéngjì **_dào_** yě bùcuò.</span> -->
- He's not very hard-working, but his scores also aren't bad.
- 已经 是 春天 了，_倒_ 又 冷 起来 了。
<!-- - Yǐjīng shì chūntiān le, _dào_ yòu lěng qǐlái le. -->
- It's already spring, but it's actually getting colder.
- 不 吃 药 ，病 _倒_ 慢慢 好 了。
<!-- - Bù chī yào, bìng _dào_ mànman hǎo le. -->
- Without taking any medicine, I'm actually slowly getting better.
- 英语 不 是 他 的 母语 ，他 说 得 _倒_ 挺 地道 的 。
<!-- - Yīngyǔ bù shì tā de mǔyǔ, tā shuō de _dào_ tǐng dìdao de. -->
- English is not his mother language, but he speaks quite native-like.
## Using 倒 as "Despite"
### Structure
倒 can also be used to express a concession, mostly emphasizing the positive side. 就是、但是、可是、不过 are often used to precede the undesirable reality the speaker is calling attention to.
Subj. + 倒 ⋯⋯ ，不过 / 但是 / 就是 ⋯⋯
### Examples
- 我 _倒_ 是 想 去 旅游 ，**但是** 现在 太 忙 了，没有 时间 。
<!-- - Wǒ _dào_ shì xiǎng qù lǚyóu, dànshì xiànzài tài máng le, méiyǒu shíjiān. -->
- I do want to go on a trip, but I am too busy to do so now.
- 这 篇 文章 的 内容 _倒_ 不错 ，**就是** 太 长 了 。
<!-- - Zhè piān wénzhāng de nèiróng _dào_ bùcuò, **jiùshì** tài cháng le. -->
- The content of this article is great, but it's just too long.
- 这 件 衣服 的 样式 和 大小 _倒_ 都 合适 ，**可是** 我 不 喜欢 这 个 颜色 。
<!-- - Zhè jiàn yīfu de yàngshì hé dàxiǎo _dào_ dōu héshì, **kěshì** wǒ bù xǐhuan zhège yánsè. -->
- The style and size of this piece of clothing actually work well, but I don't like the color.
- 你们 的 服务 _倒_ 不错 ，**但是** 对 我 来说 太 贵 了 。
<!-- - Nǐmen de fúwù _dào_ bùcuò, **dànshì** duì wǒ lái shuō tài guì le. -->
- Your service is great, but it's too expensive for me.
- 我 _倒_ 想 陪 你 一起 去 ，**不过** 要 等 到 周末 。
<!-- - Wǒ _dào_ xiǎng péi nǐ yīqǐ qù, **bùguò** yào děngdào zhōumò. -->
- I really would like to go with you, but you would need to wait until the weekend.
For more on [倒](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%80%92), be sure to check our C1 grammar point on even more [advanced uses of 倒](../C1/倒.md).
## See also
- [The "However" Adverb "却"](./却.md)
- ["On the Contrary" with "反而"](./反而.md)
- [Conceding a Point with "是"](../B1/是.md)
docs/allsetlearning/B2/却.md
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# The "however" adverb "却"
<SentenceQuiz>
- 他 是 老板 ，_却_ 没有 人 听 他 的 。
<!-- - Tā shì lǎobǎn, _què_ méiyǒu rén tīng tā de. -->
- He's the boss, but nobody listens to him.
- 他 的 学历 很 高 ，能力 _却_ 很 一般 。
<!-- - Tā de xuélì hěn gāo, nénglì _què_ hěn yībān. -->
- He's very well-educated, but his ability is average.
- 他们 一见钟情 ， _却_ 没有 在 一起 。
<!-- - Tāmen yījiànzhōngqíng, _què_ méiyǒu zài yīqǐ. -->
- They fell in love at first sight, but they didn't end up with each other.
- 这 件 衣服 虽然 是 名牌 ，_但是_ 质量 _却_ 不 怎么样 。
<!-- - Zhè jiàn yīfu suīrán shì míngpái, _dànshì_ zhìliàng _què_ bù zěnmeyàng. -->
- Although this clothing is brand-name, the quality is not so good.
- 有些 人 智商 很 高 ，情商 _却_ 很 低 。
<!-- - Yǒuxiē rén zhìshāng hěn gāo, qíngshāng _què_ hěn dī. -->
- Some people have high IQ, but really low EQ.
- 他 只有 16 岁，_却_ 比 同龄人 成熟 得 多 。
<!-- - Tā zhǐyǒu shíliù suì, _què_ bǐ tónglíng rén chéngshú de duō. -->
- He's only sixteen, but he's much more mature than others his age.
- 我 是 你 最好 的 朋友 ，**你** _却_ 没 邀请 我 。
<!-- - Wǒ shì nǐ zuì hǎo de péngyou, **nǐ** _què_ méi yāoqǐng wǒ. -->
- I'm your best friend, but you didn't invite me.
- 我 是 你 最好 的 朋友 ，**但是** 你 _却_ 没 邀请 我 。
<!-- - Wǒ shì nǐ zuì hǎo de péngyou, **dànshì** nǐ _què_ méi yāoqǐng wǒ. -->
- I'm your best friend, but you didn't invite me.
- 他 家 很 有钱 ，**他** _却_ 从来 不 炫耀 。
- His family is rich, but he never flaunts it.
<!-- - Tā jiā hěn yǒuqián, **tā** _què_ cónglái bù xuànyào. -->
- 他 家 很 有钱 ，**但是** 他 _却_ 从来 不 炫耀 。
<!-- - Tā jiā hěn yǒuqián, **dànshì** tā _què_ cónglái bù xuànyào. -->
- His family is rich, but he never flaunts it.
</SentenceQuiz>
<TOC>
- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points)
- Similar to:
- Used for: [Contrasting](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Contrasting), [Differentiating](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Differentiating)
- Keywords: [却](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%B4)
</TOC>
却 (què) is used to indicate something was contrary to expectations, and is used in a similar way to [倒 (dào)](./倒.md). However, 却 is generally followed by a negative comment.
## Structure
The overall structure of sentences that use 却 is something like this:
Sentence ，(但是 +) Subj. + 却 ⋯⋯
Normally the first clause above makes a statement, and then the second clause introduces something contrary, generally in the form of a negative comment.
## Examples
In the following examples, take note that 却 comes _after_ the subject in each case, and that it can be used together with 但是.
- 他 是 老板 ，_却_ 没有 人 听 他 的 。
<!-- - Tā shì lǎobǎn, _què_ méiyǒu rén tīng tā de. -->
- He's the boss, but nobody listens to him.
- 他 的 学历 很 高 ，能力 _却_ 很 一般 。
<!-- - Tā de xuélì hěn gāo, nénglì _què_ hěn yībān. -->
- He's very well-educated, but his ability is average.
- 他们 一见钟情 ， _却_ 没有 在 一起 。
<!-- - Tāmen yījiànzhōngqíng, _què_ méiyǒu zài yīqǐ. -->
- They fell in love at first sight, but they didn't end up with each other.
- 这 件 衣服 虽然 是 名牌 ，_但是_ 质量 _却_ 不 怎么样 。
<!-- - Zhè jiàn yīfu suīrán shì míngpái, _dànshì_ zhìliàng _què_ bù zěnmeyàng. -->
- Although this clothing is brand-name, the quality is not so good.
- 有些 人 智商 很 高 ，情商 _却_ 很 低 。
<!-- - Yǒuxiē rén zhìshāng hěn gāo, qíngshāng _què_ hěn dī. -->
- Some people have high IQ, but really low EQ.
- 他 只有 16 岁，_却_ 比 同龄人 成熟 得 多 。
<!-- - Tā zhǐyǒu shíliù suì, _què_ bǐ tónglíng rén chéngshú de duō. -->
- He's only sixteen, but he's much more mature than others his age.
## Common Mistake: Putting 却 Before the Subject
It's also important to point out that 却 is not a [conjunction](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Conjunction); it's an [adverb](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Adverb). Practically speaking, this means that rather than joining two statements, it goes _inside_ a statement (within the second clause). Specifically, it needs to come _after the subject_ and _before the verb_. (Note that when you use a conjunction like 但是 it comes _before_ the subject! 却 is different in this respect. Also, rather than _replacing_ 但是, it can work _with_ it to add emphasis.)
Sometimes the subject of the second clause will be omitted. If there is a subject, however, 却 definitely needs to come _after_ it.
A few examples to give you a better understanding of this:
<div class="wrong">
- 我 是 你 最好 的 朋友 ，_却_ **你** 没 邀请 我 。
<!-- - Wǒ shì nǐ zuì hǎo de péngyou, _què_ **nǐ** méi yāoqǐng wǒ. -->
</div>
- 我 是 你 最好 的 朋友 ，**你** _却_ 没 邀请 我 。
<!-- - Wǒ shì nǐ zuì hǎo de péngyou, **nǐ** _què_ méi yāoqǐng wǒ. -->
- 我 是 你 最好 的 朋友 ，**但是** 你 _却_ 没 邀请 我 。
<!-- - Wǒ shì nǐ zuì hǎo de péngyou, **dànshì** nǐ _què_ méi yāoqǐng wǒ. -->
- I'm your best friend, but you didn't invite me.
<div class="wrong">
- 他 家 很 有钱 ，_却_ **他** 从来 不 炫耀 。
<!-- - Tā jiā hěn yǒuqián, _què_ **tā** cónglái bù xuànyào. -->
</div>
- 他 家 很 有钱 ，**他** _却_ 从来 不 炫耀 。
<!-- - Tā jiā hěn yǒuqián, **tā** _què_ cónglái bù xuànyào. -->
- 他 家 很 有钱 ，**但是** 他 _却_ 从来 不 炫耀 。
<!-- - Tā jiā hěn yǒuqián, **dànshì** tā _què_ cónglái bù xuànyào. -->
- His family is rich, but he never flaunts it.
## See also
- [Expressing Contrariness with "倒"](./倒.md)
- ["On the Contrary" with "反而"](./反而.md)
- [A Softer "But"](../B1/不过.md)
## Sources and further reading
### Books
- [HSK Standard Course 4上](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8A) (pp. 22) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级) ](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese_Grammar_-_Broken_down_into_100_items_-_Basic_and_Intermediate_Levels_(%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E7%99%BE%E9%A1%B9%E8%AE%B2%E7%BB%83_-_%E5%88%9D%E4%B8%AD%E7%BA%A7)>) (pp. 140-2) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [New Practical Chinese Reader 4 (新实用汉语课本4)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_4_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC4)>) (pp. 184) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
docs/allsetlearning/B2/反而.md
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# Expressing "on the contrary" with "反而"
<SentenceQuiz>
- 吃 了 这个 药 ，病 _反而_ 更 严重 了。
<!-- - Chī le zhège yào, bìng _fǎn'ér_ gèng yánzhòng le. -->
- After taking the medicine, the illness actually got even worse.
- 这个 新 系统 _反而_ 降低 了 我们 的 工作 效率 。
<!-- - Zhège xīn xìtǒng _fǎn'ér_ jiàngdī le wǒmen de gōngzuò xiàolǜ. -->
- This new system actually reduced our work efficiency.
- 他 没有 放弃 ，_反而_ 更 努力 了 ！
<!-- - Tā méiyǒu fàngqì, _fǎn'ér_ gèng nǔlì le! -->
- He didn't give up; on the contrary, he worked even harder.
- 改革 _反而_ 让 老百姓 更 不 满意 了 。
<!-- - Gǎigé _fǎn'ér_ ràng lǎobǎixìng gèng bù mǎnyì le. -->
- Reform actually made the people less satisfied.
- 你 的 参与 _反而_ 给 我们 带来 了 麻烦 。
<!-- - Nǐ de cānyù _fǎn'ér_ gěi wǒmen dài lái le máfan. -->
- Your involvement is actually giving us trouble.
- 吃 了 药 ，病 **不但 没** 好，_反而_ 更 严重 了。
<!-- - Chī le yào, bìng **bùdàn méi** hǎo, _fǎn'ér_ gèng yánzhòng le. -->
- After taking the medicine, the illness not only didn't get better, but actually got even worse.
- 失败 了 这么 多 次 ，他 **不但 没** 放弃 ，_反而_ 更 努力 了。
<!-- - Shībài le zhème duō cì, tā **bùdàn méi** fàngqì, _fǎn'ér_ gèng nǔlì le. -->
- Having failed so many times, he not only didn't give up, but rather worked even harder.
- 他 **不但 不** 帮 我 ，_反而_ 给 我 找 麻烦 。
<!-- - Tā **bùdàn bù** bāng wǒ, _fǎn'ér_ gěi wǒ zhǎo máfan. -->
- He not only didn't help me, but rather gave me trouble.
- 你 妈妈 那么 爱 你 ，你 **不但 不** 感激 ，_反而_ 说 她 不 关心 你 ？
<!-- - Nǐ māma nàme ài nǐ, nǐ **bùdàn bù** gǎnjī, _fǎn'ér_ shuō tā bù guānxīn nǐ? -->
- Your mother loves you so much, and not only are you not grateful, but you even say she doesn't care about you?
- 我 吃 了 减肥 药 ，**不但 没** 瘦 ，_反而_ 长胖 了 ！
<!-- - Wǒ chī le jiǎnféi yào, **bùdàn méi** shòu, _fǎn'ér_ zhǎng pàng le! -->
- I took a weight loss pill. Not only did I not lose weight, but rather I actually gained weight!
</SentenceQuiz>
<TOC>
- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK5](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK5_grammar_points)
- Similar to
- [Expressing contrariness with "倒"](./倒) (B2)
- [The "however" adverb "却"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/The_%22however%22_adverb_%22que%22) (B2)
- Used for: [Denying and refusing](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Denying_and_refusing), [Contrasting](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Contrasting)
- Keywords: [不但](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8D%E4%BD%86), [不仅](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8D%E4%BB%85), [反而](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8F%8D%E8%80%8C)
</TOC>
反而 (fǎn'ér) is used to express "on the contrary" or "in contrast," with 反而 appearing as part of the second part of the sentence. Note that the meaning of 反而 goes beyond just "but" and is usually used to explain that something is totally the opposite of what one was expecting.
## Simple Pattern
### Structure
Normally the first clause makes a statement, and then the second clause introduces the part that is totally opposite of one's expectations. The word "actually" may be helpful in some translations.
⋯⋯ ，Subj. + 反而 + [Unexpected Outcome]
It's also important to point out that 反而 is not a [conjunction](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Conjunctions); it's an [adverb](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Adverbs). Practically speaking, this means that rather than joining two statements, it goes _inside_ a statement (within the second clause). Specifically, it needs to come _after the subject_ (if there is one) and _before the verb_. (This is different from a conjunction like 但是 which comes _before_ the subject!) Also 反而 can appear in one sentence with 但是. Rather than _replacing_ it, 反而 can work _with_ 但是 to add even more contrarian emphasis.
### Examples
- 吃 了 这个 药 ，病 _反而_ 更 严重 了。
<!-- - Chī le zhège yào, bìng _fǎn'ér_ gèng yánzhòng le. -->
- After taking the medicine, the illness actually got even worse.
- 这个 新 系统 _反而_ 降低 了 我们 的 工作 效率 。
<!-- - Zhège xīn xìtǒng _fǎn'ér_ jiàngdī le wǒmen de gōngzuò xiàolǜ. -->
- This new system actually reduced our work efficiency.
- 他 没有 放弃 ，_反而_ 更 努力 了 ！
<!-- - Tā méiyǒu fàngqì, _fǎn'ér_ gèng nǔlì le! -->
- He didn't give up; on the contrary, he worked even harder.
- 改革 _反而_ 让 老百姓 更 不 满意 了 。
<!-- - Gǎigé _fǎn'ér_ ràng lǎobǎixìng gèng bù mǎnyì le. -->
- Reform actually made the people less satisfied.
- 你 的 参与 _反而_ 给 我们 带来 了 麻烦 。
<!-- - Nǐ de cānyù _fǎn'ér_ gěi wǒmen dài lái le máfan. -->
- Your involvement is actually giving us trouble.
## Common Mistake: Putting 反而 Before the Subject
Take note: when the subject of the first and second clause are the same, the subject can be omitted in the second clause (after the comma and before 反而). If there _is_ a subject, however, 反而 definitely needs to come _after_ it. See the simple examples below and then check the longer sentences above, confirming this rule.
<div class="wrong">
- 我 帮 了 她 ， _反而_ **她** 生气 了 。
<!-- - Wǒ bāng le tā, _fǎnér_ **tā** shēngqì le. -->
</div>
- 我 帮 了 她 ， **她** _反而_ 生气 了 。
<!-- - Wǒ bāng le tā, **tā** _fǎnér_ shēngqì le. -->
## Fuller Pattern
Adding [不但](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8D%E4%BD%86) or [不仅](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%B8%8D%E4%BB%85) adds a sense of "not only" before the "to the contrary" part. The word "actually" can be useful here for translations into English.
### Structure
⋯⋯ ，Subj. [不但 / 不仅] + [不 / 没] ⋯⋯，反而 + [Unexpected Outcome]
### Examples
- 吃 了 药 ，病 **不但 没** 好，_反而_ 更 严重 了。
<!-- - Chī le yào, bìng **bùdàn méi** hǎo, _fǎn'ér_ gèng yánzhòng le. -->
- After taking the medicine, the illness not only didn't get better, but actually got even worse.
- 失败 了 这么 多 次 ，他 **不但 没** 放弃 ，_反而_ 更 努力 了。
<!-- - Shībài le zhème duō cì, tā **bùdàn méi** fàngqì, _fǎn'ér_ gèng nǔlì le. -->
- Having failed so many times, he not only didn't give up, but rather worked even harder.
- 他 **不但 不** 帮 我 ，_反而_ 给 我 找 麻烦 。
<!-- - Tā **bùdàn bù** bāng wǒ, _fǎn'ér_ gěi wǒ zhǎo máfan. -->
- He not only didn't help me, but rather gave me trouble.
- 你 妈妈 那么 爱 你 ，你 **不但 不** 感激 ，_反而_ 说 她 不 关心 你 ？
<!-- - Nǐ māma nàme ài nǐ, nǐ **bùdàn bù** gǎnjī, _fǎn'ér_ shuō tā bù guānxīn nǐ? -->
- Your mother loves you so much, and not only are you not grateful, but you even say she doesn't care about you?
- 我 吃 了 减肥 药 ，**不但 没** 瘦 ，_反而_ 长胖 了 ！
<!-- - Wǒ chī le jiǎnféi yào, **bùdàn méi** shòu, _fǎn'ér_ zhǎng pàng le! -->
- I took a weight loss pill. Not only did I not lose weight, but rather I actually gained weight!
## See also
- [The "however" adverb "却"](./却.md)
- [Expressing Contrariness with "倒"](./倒.md)
## Sources and further reading
### Books
- [Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Modern_Mandarin_Chinese_Grammar:_A_Practical_Guide) (pp. 259) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [New Practical Chinese Reader 4 (新实用汉语课本4)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_4_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC4)>) (pp. 84) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [卓越汉语－公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 83, 151-2) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
### Websites
- 汉语教学: [[反而](http://www.pep.com.cn/xgjy/hyjx/hyxxzy/hyxx/cyxx/201009/t20100901_855691.htm)]
docs/allsetlearning/B2/而.md
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# Using "而" to explain contrasting ideas
<SentenceQuiz>
- 我们 _是_ 来 办事 的 ，_而 不 是_ 来 玩 的 。
<!-- - Wǒmen _shì_ lái bànshì de, _ér bù shì_ lái wán de. -->
- We're here to do work, not to have fun.
- 以后 后悔 的 人 _不 是_ 我，_而 是_ 你 自己。
<!-- - Yǐhòu hòuhuǐ de rén _bù shì_ wǒ, _ér shì_ nǐ zìjǐ. -->
- The person to later regret this won't be me. It will be you.
- 你 这样 做 _是_ 害 他 ，_而 不 是_ 帮 他 。
<!-- - Nǐ zhèyàng zuò _shì_ hài tā, _ér bù shì_ bāng tā. -->
- By doing this you were hurting him, not helping him.
- 不好意思 ，我 _是_ 不 小心 ，_而 不 是_ 故意 的 。
<!-- - Bù hǎoyìsi, wǒ _shì_ bù xiǎoxīn, _ér bù shì_ gùyì de. -->
- I'm sorry. It was an accident. It wasn't on purpose.
- 现在 要 做 的 _不 是_ 责怪 谁 错 了，_而 是_ 怎么 解决。
<!-- - Xiànzài yào zuò de _bù shì_ zéguài shéi cuòle, _ér shì_ zěnme jiějué. -->
- Now is not the time to place blame, but rather to figure out how to resolve this.
- 我 没 说 _不 是_ 因为 想 骗 你 ，_而 是_ 怕 你 不 高兴 。
<!-- - Wǒ méi shuō _bù shì_ yīnwèi xiǎng piàn nǐ, _ér shì_ pà nǐ bù gāoxìng. -->
- I didn't tell you not because I wanted to deceive you, but rather I was afraid you would be upset.
- 我 _不 是_ 不 想 帮 你 ，_而 是_ 没有 能力 帮 你 。
<!-- - Wǒ _bù shì_ bù xiǎng bāng nǐ, _ér shì_ méiyǒu nénglì bāng nǐ. -->
- It's not that I don't want to help you, it's that I have no way to help you.
- 重要 的 _不是_ 你 的 外表 ，_而是_ 你 的 内心 。
<!-- - Zhòngyào de _bù shì_ nǐ de wàibiǎo, _ér shì_ nǐ de nèixīn. -->
- What's important is not how you look on the outside, but rather what's on the inside.
- 生活 中 _不是_ 缺少 美 ，_而是_ 缺少 发现 美 的 眼睛 。
<!-- - Shēnghuó zhōng _bù shì_ quēshǎo měi, _ér shì_ quēshǎo fāxiàn měi de yǎnjīng. -->
- It's not that life is lacking in beauty, but rather that we lack eyes that discover it.
- 我 今天 去 你 家 找 你 了，_而_ 你 不 在 家。
<!-- - Wǒ jīntiān qù nǐ jiā zhǎo nǐ le, _ér_ nǐ bù zài jiā. -->
- I went to your home today looking for you, but you weren't there.
- 孩子 发烧 很 严重，_而_ 你 一点 都 不 关心。
<!-- - Hái zǐ fāshāo hěn yánzhòng, _ér_ nǐ yīdiǎn dōu bù guānxīn. -->
- Your child has a very severe fever, and yet you don't seem at all concerned.
- 她 在 公司 很 受 欢迎，_而_ 我 并 不 喜欢 她。
<!-- - Tā zài gōngsī hěn shòu huānyíng, _ér_ wǒ bìng bù xǐhuan tā. -->
- She is very popular in our company, but I don't like her at all.
</SentenceQuiz>
<TOC>
- Level: [B2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B2_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points)
- Similar to
- [Expressing "not only... but also" with "不但... 而且..."](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22not_only..._but_also%22_with_%22budan..._erqie...%22) (B1)
- Used for
[Contrasting](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Contrasting), [Differentiating](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Differentiating)
- Keywords: [而](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E8%80%8C), [而是](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E8%80%8C%E6%98%AF)
</TOC>
The conjunction [而](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E8%80%8C) (ér) is used to connect two sentences that are related to each other, and is also frequently used to emphasize contrast between two parts of the sentence. Used in this way, it can be translated as "but rather." 而 is often used in more formal or literary language, but is also common in everyday speech.
## Start with 是
Frequently you'll see the pattern in one of these two more specific forms involving the verb [是](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%98%AF):
### Structure
不是……，而是……
是……，而不是……
Strictly speaking, the 而 isn't _required_ in either of these patterns, but it makes the contrast super clear.
### Examples
- 我们 _是_ 来 办事 的 ，_而 不 是_ 来 玩 的 。
<!-- - Wǒmen _shì_ lái bànshì de, _ér bù shì_ lái wán de. -->
- We're here to do work, not to have fun.
- 以后 后悔 的 人 _不 是_ 我，_而 是_ 你 自己。
<!-- - Yǐhòu hòuhuǐ de rén _bù shì_ wǒ, _ér shì_ nǐ zìjǐ. -->
- The person to later regret this won't be me. It will be you.
- 你 这样 做 _是_ 害 他 ，_而 不 是_ 帮 他 。
<!-- - Nǐ zhèyàng zuò _shì_ hài tā, _ér bù shì_ bāng tā. -->
- By doing this you were hurting him, not helping him.
- 不好意思 ，我 _是_ 不 小心 ，_而 不 是_ 故意 的 。
<!-- - Bù hǎoyìsi, wǒ _shì_ bù xiǎoxīn, _ér bù shì_ gùyì de. -->
- I'm sorry. It was an accident. It wasn't on purpose.
- 现在 要 做 的 _不 是_ 责怪 谁 错 了，_而 是_ 怎么 解决。
<!-- - Xiànzài yào zuò de _bù shì_ zéguài shéi cuòle, _ér shì_ zěnme jiějué. -->
- Now is not the time to place blame, but rather to figure out how to resolve this.
- 我 没 说 _不 是_ 因为 想 骗 你 ，_而 是_ 怕 你 不 高兴 。
<!-- - Wǒ méi shuō _bù shì_ yīnwèi xiǎng piàn nǐ, _ér shì_ pà nǐ bù gāoxìng. -->
- I didn't tell you not because I wanted to deceive you, but rather I was afraid you would be upset.
- 我 _不 是_ 不 想 帮 你 ，_而 是_ 没有 能力 帮 你 。
<!-- - Wǒ _bù shì_ bù xiǎng bāng nǐ, _ér shì_ méiyǒu nénglì bāng nǐ. -->
- It's not that I don't want to help you, it's that I have no way to help you.
- 重要 的 _不是_ 你 的 外表 ，_而是_ 你 的 内心 。
<!-- - Zhòngyào de _bù shì_ nǐ de wàibiǎo, _ér shì_ nǐ de nèixīn. -->
- What's important is not how you look on the outside, but rather what's on the inside.
- 生活 中 _不是_ 缺少 美 ，_而是_ 缺少 发现 美 的 眼睛 。
<!-- - Shēnghuó zhōng _bù shì_ quēshǎo měi, _ér shì_ quēshǎo fāxiàn měi de yǎnjīng. -->
- It's not that life is lacking in beauty, but rather that we lack eyes that discover it.
## Generalized Pattern
### Structure
Sentence 1， + 而 + Sentence 2
### Examples
- 我 今天 去 你 家 找 你 了，_而_ 你 不 在 家。
<!-- - Wǒ jīntiān qù nǐ jiā zhǎo nǐ le, _ér_ nǐ bù zài jiā. -->
- I went to your home today looking for you, but you weren't there.
- 孩子 发烧 很 严重，_而_ 你 一点 都 不 关心。
<!-- - Hái zǐ fāshāo hěn yánzhòng, _ér_ nǐ yīdiǎn dōu bù guānxīn. -->
- Your child has a very severe fever, and yet you don't seem at all concerned.
- 她 在 公司 很 受 欢迎，_而_ 我 并 不 喜欢 她。
<!-- - Tā zài gōngsī hěn shòu huānyíng, _ér_ wǒ bìng bù xǐhuan tā. -->
- She is very popular in our company, but I don't like her at all.
As you can see, 而 comes between the two to stress the contrast.
## See Also
- ["On the contrary" with "反而"](./反而.md)
- [Conceding a point with "是"](../B1/是.md)
- [Expressing "not only… but also"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22not_only%E2%80%A6_but_also%22)
- [Two words for "but"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Two_words_for_%22but%22)
- [Using "because" with "而" to indicate effect](../C1/而.md)
## Sources and Further Reading
### Books
- [HSK Standard Course 4上](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8A) (pp. 22) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1) (pp. 343-4) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [卓越汉语－公司实战篇](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87) (pp. 128, 200) [卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy](http://amzn.to/2z4g8q6,)
- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1) (pp. 277) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [New Practical Chinese Reader 4 (新实用汉语课本4)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_4_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC4)>) (pp. 20) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课下册）](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/40_Lessons_for_Basic_Chinese_Course_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD40%E8%AF%BE%E4%B8%8B%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89) (pp. 516) [ →buy]
### Websites
- Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: [Usage of 而](http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0235.html)