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docs/allsetlearning/C1/居然&反而.md
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# Comparing "居然" and "反而"
<SentenceQuiz>
- 我 打 他，他 _居然_ 没 哭。
- 我 帮 他，他 _反而_ 生气 了。
- 经过 治疗，他 的 病情 不仅 没有 好转，_反而_ 恶化 了。
- 吃了 这些 减肥药，不但 没有 瘦，_反而_ 更 胖 了。
- 雨 不仅 没 停，_反而_ 越 下 越 大 了。
- 作为学生，就应该好好学习，他 _居然_ 学 社会 上 的 小混混 干 坏事，太 不 像话 了。
- 他 这么 小 的 年纪 _居然_ 能 背 唐诗 三 千 首，真是 了不起。
- 他 _居然_ 在 奥运会 上 得了 金牌，真是 太 不可思议 了。
- 他 _居然_ 就 住在 我们 家 隔壁，真是 缘分 呐！
</SentenceQuiz>
<TOC>
- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
- Similar to
- Used for
- Keywords: [反而](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%8F%8D%E8%80%8C), [居然](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%B1%85%E7%84%B6)
</TOC>
居然 (jūrán) and 反而 (fǎn‘ér) both indicate that something is unexpected, or beyond common expectations.
## Both 居然 and 反而 are used in similar structures
The following two grammar structures show us that 反而 and 居然 can be used in the same grammar pattern.
Clause 1, 反而 / 居然 + unexpected opposite outcome
### Examples
- 我 打 他，他 _居然_ 没 哭。
- 我 帮 他，他 _反而_ 生气 了。
## 反而 can also be used in some specific grammar patterns
However, 反而 is often used with 不仅没有 (不但没有) or 不仅不 (不但不). You cannot use 居然 here. This pattern basically means "but not only...on the contrary..."
Clause 1, 不仅没有（不但没有）/ 不仅不 (不但不)......反而......
### Examples
- 经过 治疗，他 的 病情 不仅 没有 好转，_反而_ 恶化 了。
- 吃了 这些 减肥药，不但 没有 瘦，_反而_ 更 胖 了。
- 雨 不仅 没 停，_反而_ 越 下 越 大 了。
## 居然 is for unexpected things, 反而 is more of a turning point
反而 is used to express "on the contrary" or "in contrast," and it is usually placed in the second part of the sentence. Note that the meaning of 反而 goes beyond just "but." It is used to explain that something is totally the opposite of what one was expecting.
居然 is not as intense as 反而. What's more, 居然 not only brings up an unexpected thing, it also allows the speaker to give a comment on that unexpected thing.
### Examples
- 作为学生，就应该好好学习，他 _居然_ 学 社会 上 的 小混混 干 坏事，太 不 像话 了。
- 他 这么 小 的 年纪 _居然_ 能 背 唐诗 三 千 首，真是 了不起。
- 他 _居然_ 在 奥运会 上 得了 金牌，真是 太 不可思议 了。
- 他 _居然_ 就 住在 我们 家 隔壁，真是 缘分 呐！
In these examples "太不像话了," "真是了不起," "真是太不可思议了," and "真是缘分呐" are the comments.
## See also
- ["On the Contrary" with "反而"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22On_the_Contrary%22_with_%22fan%27er%22)
- [The "However" Adverb "却"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/The_%22However%22_Adverb_%22que%22)
- [Expressing Contrariness with "倒"](../B2/倒.md)
## Sources and further reading
### Books
- [HSK Standard Course 5上](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_5%E4%B8%8A) (pp. 5) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Practicing_HSK_Grammar_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E7%B2%BE%E8%AE%B2%E7%B2%BE%E7%82%BC)>) [→buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001N6R7DI&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001N6R7DI)
- [Boya Chinese Lower Intermediate 1 (博雅汉语准中级加速篇)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Boya_Chinese_Lower_Intermediate_1_(%E5%8D%9A%E9%9B%85%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%87%86%E4%B8%AD%E7%BA%A7%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E7%AF%87)>) [→buy](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7301075308/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7301075308)
- [Boya Chinese Lower Intermediate 2 (博雅汉语准中级加速篇)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Boya_Chinese_Lower_Intermediate_2_(%E5%8D%9A%E9%9B%85%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%87%86%E4%B8%AD%E7%BA%A7%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E7%AF%87)>) [→buy](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00112ZL5A/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=B00112ZL5A)
docs/allsetlearning/C1/果然.md
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# Expressing "as expected" with "果然"
<SentenceQuiz>
- 第一名 _果然_ 是 她 ！我 就 知道 。
- She won the first prize! I knew it.
- 大厨 做 的 菜 _果然_ 不一样 ！好吃 ！
- The food that the chef cooked is extraordinary! Delicious!
- 你 说 得 没错 ！他 _果然_ 是 个 骗子 ！
- You were right. He's absolutely a liar!
- 这个 止疼药 _果然_ 有效 ，我的 头疼 好多了 。
- This painkiller works really well. My headache is gone.
- 司机 师傅 说 马上 到 ，_果然_ ，两分钟 以后 车 就 来 了 。
- The taxi driver said he would be here very soon. His car got here in only two minutes.
- 他 让 我 别 担心 ，_果然_ ，他 很快 修好 了 我们 的 网络 。
- He told me not to worry about it. He fixed out internet very soon.
- 天气 预报 说 今早 要 下 大雨 ，_果然_ **如此** ！
- It rained heavily this morning as the weather forecast said.
- _果然_ **不出所料** ，内奸 就是 他 ！
- He is the mole, as I expected.
</SentenceQuiz>
<TOC>
- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK6](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK6_grammar_points)
- Similar to
- Used for: [Expressing attitude](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_attitude)
- Keywords: [果然](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%9E%9C%E7%84%B6)
</TOC>
You can add the adverb 果然 (guǒrán) to add the sense that what you're about to say is entirely expected. It's kind of like starting a sentence with "just as we thought" or "just as we expected," but it's just one word in Chinese. It's kind of like the opposite of [竟然](./竟然.md) or [居然](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%B1%85%E7%84%B6).
## Used before Predicate
### Structure
Subj. + 果然 + Predicate
### Examples
- 第一名 _果然_ 是 她 ！我 就 知道 。
- She won the first prize! I knew it.
- 大厨 做 的 菜 _果然_ 不一样 ！好吃 ！
- The food that the chef cooked is extraordinary! Delicious!
- 你 说 得 没错 ！他 _果然_ 是 个 骗子 ！
- You were right. He's absolutely a liar!
- 这个 止疼药 _果然_ 有效 ，我的 头疼 好多了 。
- This painkiller works really well. My headache is gone.
## Used as before a Clause
果然 can also come before a full independent clause. In this case, it is usually preceded by a comma.
### Structure
Clause 1 ，果然 ，Clause 2
### Examples
- 司机 师傅 说 马上 到 ，_果然_ ，两分钟 以后 车 就 来 了 。
- The taxi driver said he would be here very soon. His car got here in only two minutes.
- 他 让 我 别 担心 ，_果然_ ，他 很快 修好 了 我们 的 网络 。
- He told me not to worry about it. He fixed out internet very soon.
## Colloquial Sayings
- 果然如此
- 果然不出所料
- 天气 预报 说 今早 要 下 大雨 ，_果然_ **如此** ！
- It rained heavily this morning as the weather forecast said.
- _果然_ **不出所料** ，内奸 就是 他 ！
- He is the mole, as I expected.
## See also
- [Expressing the unexpected with "竟然"](./竟然.md)
docs/allsetlearning/C1/竟然.md
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# Expressing the unexpected with "竟然"
<SentenceQuiz>
- 没想到 你 _竟然_ 当 着 老师 的 面 撒谎 。
- I didn't expect you could lie in front of the teacher's face.
- 这 是 一 件 让 人 难过 的 事情 ，你 _竟然_ 还 笑 ？
- This is something that makes people sad, but you are actually laughing?
- 他 那么 努力 ，_竟然_ 没 考 及格 ！
- He is so hardworking, but, surprisingly, he didn't pass the exam.
- 那个人 骗 了 你 的 钱 ，你 _竟_ 不 生 他 的 气 ？
- You got ripped off by that guy.
- 大家 都 以为 他 不 会 答应 ，可是 他 _竟然_ 答应 了 。
- Everyone thought he would say no, but he said yes.
- 这么 复杂 的 项目 ，_竟然_ 这么 快 就 完成 了 。
- This project is so complex, but it's been completed so soon.
</SentenceQuiz>
<TOC>
- Level: [C1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/C1_grammar_points) / [HSK4](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK4_grammar_points)
- Similar to
- Used for: [Expressing surprise](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_surprise)
- Keywords: [居然](./居然&反而.md), [竟然](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%AB%9F%E7%84%B6), [竟](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%AB%9F)
</TOC>
To express something is unexpected, you can use the adverb 竟然 (jìngrán) after the subject. 竟然 has the same meaning as 居然, but is not as intense.
## Structure
Like many other adverbs, 竟然 is placed after the subject. This grammar structure is usually used in spoken Chinese.
Subj. + 竟然 ⋯⋯
You can also drop out the 然 and use just 竟. This can be used in spoken or written Chinese.
## Examples
Note that it can be difficult to translate the word 竟然 into an appropriate English word. Sometimes it's just a _feeling_ that doesn't come across well in English unless you can hear the tone of voice.
- 没想到 你 _竟然_ 当 着 老师 的 面 撒谎 。
- I didn't expect you could lie in front of the teacher's face.
- 这 是 一 件 让 人 难过 的 事情 ，你 _竟然_ 还 笑 ？
- This is something that makes people sad, but you are actually laughing?
- 他 那么 努力 ，_竟然_ 没 考 及格 ！
- He is so hardworking, but, surprisingly, he didn't pass the exam.
- 那个人 骗 了 你 的 钱 ，你 _竟_ 不 生 他 的 气 ？
- You got ripped off by that guy.
- 大家 都 以为 他 不 会 答应 ，可是 他 _竟然_ 答应 了 。
- Everyone thought he would say no, but he said yes.
- 这么 复杂 的 项目 ，_竟然_ 这么 快 就 完成 了 。
- This project is so complex, but it's been completed so soon.
## See also
- [Expressing "as expected" with "果然"](./果然.md)
## Sources and further reading
### Books
- [HSK Standard Course 4上](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_4%E4%B8%8A) (pp. 69) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [New Practical Chinese Reader 5 (新实用汉语课本5)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_5_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC5)>) (pp. 9) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese_Grammar_-_Broken_down_into_100_items_-_Basic_and_Intermediate_Levels_(%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E7%99%BE%E9%A1%B9%E8%AE%B2%E7%BB%83_-_%E5%88%9D%E4%B8%AD%E7%BA%A7)>) (pp. 137) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼)](<https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Practicing_HSK_Grammar_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E7%B2%BE%E8%AE%B2%E7%B2%BE%E7%82%BC)>) (pp. 41) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)
- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_2) (pp. 49) [Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy](https://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA,)