--- vocabulary: korean_num: - ko: 하나 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v1.mp3 en: one examples: - ko: 저는 사과 **한** 개를 샀어요 en: I bought **one** apple - ko: 둘 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v2.mp3 en: two examples: - ko: 아저씨! 맥주 **두** 잔 주세요! en: Sir! **Two** glasses of beer, please! - ko: 우리 **둘**째 아들은 고등학생이에요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-18.mp3 en: Our **second** son is a high school student - ko: 셋 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v3.mp3 en: three examples: - ko: 우리 **셋째** 아이는 야구를 좋아해요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-19.mp3 en: Our **third** child likes baseball - ko: 저는 어제 학교에 **세** 번 갔어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-18.mp3 en: I went to school **three** times yesterday - ko: 넷 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v4.mp3 en: four examples: - ko: 나는 펜 **네** 개를 샀어 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-1.mp3 en: I bought **four** pens - ko: 그 사람은 차 **네** 대가 있어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-4.mp3 en: That person has **four** cars - ko: 다섯 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v5.mp3 en: five examples: - ko: 저는 그 영화를 **다섯** 번 봤어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-19.mp3 en: I saw that movie **five** times - ko: 나는 어제 **다섯** 명의 친구를 만났어 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-1.mp3 en: I met **five** friends yesterday - ko: 여섯 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v6.mp3 en: six examples: - ko: 저의 여자 친구는 스물**여섯** 살이에요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s3.mp3 en: My girlfriend is twenty **six** years old - ko: 일곱 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v7.mp3 en: seven examples: - ko: "**일곱** 시? - **일곱** 시 반입니다." en: "**7** pm? - It'll start at **7**:30 pm." notes: Weverse - ko: 여덟 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v8.mp3 en: eight examples: - ko: 저는 열**여덟** 살이에요 en: I am 1**8** years old - ko: 아홉 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v9.mp3 en: nine examples: - ko: "**아홉** 살짜리가 열**아홉** 살짜리를 깨워야 해?" en: Do you expect a **9**-year-old to wake up a 1**9**-year-old? notes: Weverse - ko: 열 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v10.mp3 en: ten examples: - ko: 저는 **열** 번째로 도착한 사람이었어요 en: I was the **10**th person to arrive - ko: 저는 **열**여덟 살이에요 en: I am **1**8 years old - ko: 스물 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v11.mp3 en: twenty examples: - ko: 저의 여자 친구는 **스물**여섯 살이에요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s3.mp3 en: My girlfriend is **twenty** six years old - ko: "**스무** 살이지? **스무** 살... 현빈이랑 헷갈렸어." en: You're **twenty**, right? **Twenty**... I got it mixed up with Hyunbin's age. notes: Weverse - ko: 서른 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v12.mp3 en: thirty examples: - ko: "**서른** 넘어야 그렇게 알았다." en: I finally realized when I was over **30**. notes: Weverse - ko: 마흔 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v13.mp3 en: forty examples: - ko: 서른 **마흔**에는 어떻게 찌개로 되는 겁니까? en: Will you be like a stew when you're in your 30s and **40**s? notes: Weverse - ko: 쉰 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v14.mp3 en: fifty examples: - ko: "**쉰** 세 살 김식사 씨네 시내 스시식당..." en: at a sushi diner of **5**3-year-old Kim. notes: Weverse chinese_num: - ko: 공 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v29.mp3 en: zero (nothing) examples: - ko: "**공**이 몇 개야..??" en: How many **zeros** are there...?? notes: Weverse - ko: 일 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v15.mp3 en: one (1) examples: - ko: "**일** 더하기 **일**은 **일**이죠. 그렇죠?" en: "**One** plus **one** is **one**. Right?" notes: Weverse - ko: "**일**인분이에요." en: It's for **one** person. notes: Weverse - ko: 이 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v16.mp3 en: two (2) examples: - ko: 방 번호가 **이**십**이**호예요 en: The room number is **twenty-two** notes: Claude - ko: 지금은 **이**천**이**십육 년이에요 en: It is the year **2026** now notes: Claude - ko: 삼 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v17.mp3 en: three (3) examples: - ko: 그러니까... **삼** 일! 딱 **삼** 일 동안만... en: So... **Three** days! Just for **three** days... notes: Weverse - ko: 사 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v18.mp3 en: four (4) examples: - ko: 한국은 **사**계절이 있어요 en: There are **four** seasons in Korea - ko: 오 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v19.mp3 en: five (5) examples: - ko: 저는 **5**년 이내에 외국어를 다섯 개 배우고 싶어요 en: I want to learn 5 languages within five years notes: Gemini - ko: 저는 그 회사에서 **5**월까지 일할 거예요 en: I will work at that company until **May** - ko: 육 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v20.mp3 en: six (6) examples: - ko: 우리가 벌써 **6**월에 쓸 수 있는 인터넷 용량 제한을 넘었어요 en: We already went over the data/space limit (data cap) that we can use for **June** - ko: 1분은 **6**0초입니다 en: One minute is **six**ty seconds - ko: 칠 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v21.mp3 en: seven (7) examples: - ko: "공, 공, **칠**, 빵! - 으악! - 공, 공, **칠**, 빵!" en: "007 bang. - Ugh. - 007 bang!" notes: Weverse - ko: 저는 **7**년 동안 한국에서 살았어요 en: I lived in Korea for **seven** years - ko: 팔 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v22.mp3 en: eight (8) examples: - ko: 저는 **8**월 15일에 도착할 거예요 en: I will arrive on **August** 15th - ko: 구 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v23.mp3 en: nine (9) examples: - ko: 저는 **9**월1일에 캐나다에 돌아갈 거예요 en: I will go back to Canada on **September** 1st - ko: 십 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v24.mp3 en: ten (10) examples: - ko: 경찰관은 강아지의 주인에게 **십**만 원의 벌금을 물렸어요 en: The police officers gave the owner of the dog a **100 000** won fine - ko: 백 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v25.mp3 en: one hundred (100) examples: - ko: 저는 **백** 번째 페이지를 읽었어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-17.mp3 en: I read the **100**th page - ko: 천 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v26.mp3 en: one thousand (1000) examples: - ko: 저는 한국 단어 **천** 개를 알고 있어요 en: I know **1000** Korean words - ko: 만 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v27.mp3 en: ten thousand (10000) examples: - ko: "아니요. 10**만**원 조금 넘어요" en: "No. A little more than 10**0,000** won" - ko: 영 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v28.mp3 en: zero (0) examples: - ko: 오늘 기온이 **영**하 칠 도예요 en: Today's temperature is seven degrees below **zero** notes: Gemini - ko: 시험 점수가 **영** 점이에요 en: The test score is **zero** points notes: Gemini ordinal: - ko: 처음 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v30.mp3 en: the first time/beginning notes: |

This can be used in sentences when you are talking about the first time something is being done. Or it can be used as an adverb to have the meaning "in the beginning"

See below in this lesson for more information.

examples: - ko: 저는 **처음에** 우리 학교가 좋지 않았어요 en: I didn't like our school at **first** - ko: 저는 어제 공항에 **처음** 갔어요 en: Yesterday, I went to the airport for the **first time** - ko: 저는 내일 한국에 **처음** 갈 것입니다 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-54.mp3 en: I will go to Korea for the **first time** tomorrow - ko: 그들은 저를 **처음**부터 싫어했어요 en: They didn't like me from the **start** - ko: 저는 그것을 **처음**부터 끝까지 복습했어요 en: I reviewed that from **start** to finish - ko: 저는 그 책을 **처음**부터 끝까지 읽었어요 en: I read that book from **start** to finish - ko: 그녀는 **처음**으로 그녀의 감정을 드러냈어요 en: For the **first time**, she revealed her emotions - ko: 마지막 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v31.mp3 en: last notes: |

There are two similar but different meanings for the word "last" in English. 마지막 is used for only ONE of those meanings. 마지막 is used to talk about something that is the last thing in the end of sequence – as in "first meal… second meal… third meal… fourth meal… last meal." It is NOT used to talk about something in the past, as in "last night I went to bed late." See below in this lesson for more information.

examples: - ko: 이 수업은 우리의 **마지막** 수업이에요 en: This is our **last** class - ko: 이것은 저의 **마지막** 기회이다 en: This is my **last** chance - ko: 저는 **마지막** 수업을 안 들었어요 en: I didn't attend the **last** class - ko: 저는 **마지막** 것을 안 봤어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-50.mp3 en: I didn't see the **last** thing - ko: 우리는 결국 **마지막** 경기에서 졌어요 en: We ended up losing in the **last** game - ko: 교수님은 **마지막** 수업이 끝나고 학생들을 위해 식사를 샀어요 en: The professor bought a meal for the students after the **last** class - ko: 번째 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v32.mp3 en: counter for 1st/2nd/3rd/etc.. notes: |

This can be added as a counter after a number to mean 1st/2nd/3rd/etc.

When saying "first", "첫" replaces "한".

After "first," you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 - 4 change when 번째 follows.

After the number four, the words don't change when adding 번째.

examples: - ko: 저는 열 **번째**로 도착한 사람이었어요 en: I was the 10**th** person to arrive - ko: 첫 번째 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v33.mp3 en: first (1st) notes: |

Can be shortened to "첫째" in some situations, usually when the following word is a counter or somebody's children. For example: "첫째 아들" = "first son", "첫째 주" = "first week"

examples: - ko: 저의 **첫 번째** 친구는 착했어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-33.mp3 en: My **first** friend was nice - ko: 그 사람은 서울에서 부산까지 걸은 **첫 번째** 사람이었다 en: That person was the **first** person who walked from Seoul to Busan - ko: 두 번째 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v34.mp3 en: second (2nd) notes: |

Can be shortened to "둘째" in some situations, usually when the following word is a counter or somebody's children. For example: "둘째 아들" = "second daughter", "둘째 날" = "second day"

examples: - ko: 그 **두 번째** 선생님은 똑똑했어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-35.mp3 en: That **second** teacher was smart - ko: 우리는 **두 번째** 날에 서울에 갔어요 en: We went to Seoul on the **second** day counters: - ko: 개 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v35.mp3 en: counter for things notes: |

Counters are used in Korean to count various things. Different counters are used for things like people, books, animals, etc. "개" is the general counter that can be used to count most things that don't have a specific counter (or if you don't know the specific counter-word for something). See below in this lesson for more information.

examples: - ko: 펜 두 **개**를 주세요 en: Give me two pens, please - ko: 저는 사과 한 **개**를 샀어요 en: I bought one apple - ko: 저는 펜 두 **개**가 더 있어요 en: I have two more pens - ko: 번 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v36.mp3 en: counter for behaviors/actions notes: |

This can be used to indicate the amount of times something is done. In the end, it acts as an adverb and particles are not usually attached to it.

examples: - ko: 저는 한국에 5**번** 갔어요 en: I went to Korea 5 **times** - ko: 저는 학교에 몇 **번** 갔어요 en: I went to school a few/some **times** - ko: 명 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v37.mp3 en: counter for people examples: - ko: 사람 두 **명**이 왔어요 en: two **people** came - ko: 저는 사람 몇 **명**을 만났어요 en: I met some **people** - ko: 저는 어제 다섯 **명**의 친구를 만났어요 en: I met 5 friends yesterday - ko: 대 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v38.mp3 en: counter for automobiles examples: - ko: 저는 차 세 **대**가 있어요 en: I have 3 cars - ko: 잔 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v39.mp3 en: counter for a 'glass' of ____ examples: - ko: 아저씨! 맥주 두 **잔** 주세요! en: Sir! Two **glasses** of beer, please! - ko: 저는 우유 두 **잔**을 마셨어요 en: I drank two **glasses** of milk - ko: 시 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v40.mp3 en: o'clock notes: |

When telling time, "시" is put after the hour. For example: 5시 = 5:00

When talking about "hours," the word "시간" is used. See Lesson 11 for more information.

examples: - ko: 지금은 6**시**30분이에요 en: Now, it is 6:30 - ko: 1**시**에서 2**시**까지 오세요 en: Please come from 1:00 to 2:00 - ko: 3**시**까지 기다릴 거예요 en: I will wait until 3:00 - ko: 분 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v41.mp3 en: minute notes: |

When telling time, "분" is put after the minute. It also means "minute" in regular situations. See Lesson 11 for more information.

examples: - ko: 우리가 30**분** 후에 만날래요? en: Shall we meet in 30 **minutes**? - ko: 우리학교에서 식당까지 10**분** 걸려요 en: It takes 10 **minutes** to get from our school to the restaurant - ko: 구름은 5**분** 전에 걷혔어요 en: The clouds cleared up 5 **minutes** ago - ko: 수업은 2 **분** 후에 끝날 거예요 en: Class will finish 2 **minutes** from now - ko: 이 버스는 10**분**마다 와요 en: This bus comes each/every 10 **minutes** - ko: 초 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v42.mp3 en: second examples: - ko: 10 **초** 동안 조금 어색했어요 en: It was awkward for 10 **seconds** - ko: 저는 2**초** 동안 달렸어요 en: I ran for 2 **seconds** - ko: 살 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v43.mp3 en: years old notes: |

When using a number before "살," you should use the Korean numbers. However, once you get above 50, it is not uncommon to use the Chinese numbers.

examples: - ko: 저의 여자 친구는 스물 **살**이에요 en: My girlfriend is 20 **years old** sentence: sino_korean_num: - ko: 십일 en: "11" notes: (10 + 1) - ko: 이십 en: "20" notes: (2 x 10) - ko: 이십일 en: "21" notes: (2 x 10 + 1) - ko: 이십이 en: "22" notes: (2 x 10 + 2) - ko: 백일 en: "101" notes: (100 + 1) - ko: 백이 en: "102" notes: (100 + 2) - ko: 백구십 en: "190" notes: (100 + 90) - ko: 구백 en: "900" notes: (9 x 100) - ko: 천구백 en: "1900" notes: (1000 + 9 x 100) - ko: 오천 en: "5000" notes: (5 x 1000) - ko: 오천육백 en: "5600" notes: (5 x 1000 + 6 x 100) - ko: 십만 en: one hundred thousand - ko: 백만 en: one million - ko: 천만 en: ten million counter: - ko: 사람 두 명 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-1.mp3 en: 2 people notes: &counter-change | - ko: 사람 한 명 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-3.mp3 en: 1 person notes: *counter-change - ko: 펜 다섯 개 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-5.mp3 en: 5 pens notes: *counter-change - ko: 펜 마흔네 개 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-7.mp3 en: 44 pens notes: *counter-change - ko: 두 명의 사람 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-2.mp3 en: 2 people - ko: 한 명의 사람 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-4.mp3 en: 1 person - ko: 다섯 개의 펜 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-6.mp3 en: 5 pens - ko: 마흔네 개의 펜 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-8.mp3 en: 44 pens - ko: 나는 펜 네 개를 샀어 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-1.mp3 en: I bought four pens - ko: 나는 햄버거 두 개를 먹었어 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-2.mp3 en: I ate two hamburgers - ko: 나는 어제 친구 다섯 명을 만났어 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-3.mp3 en: I met five friends yesterday - ko: 나는 네 개의 펜을 샀어 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-12.mp3 en: I bought four pens - ko: 나는 두 개의 햄버거를 먹었어 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-13.mp3 en: I ate two hamburgers - ko: 나는 어제 다섯 명의 친구를 만났어 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-1.mp3 en: I met five friends yesterday - ko: 그 사람은 차 네 대가 있어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-4.mp3 en: That person has four cars - ko: 저는 우유 두 잔을 샀어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-5.mp3 en: I bought two glasses of milk - ko: 저는 땅콩 두 개를 먹었어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-6.mp3 en: I ate two peanuts 번: - ko: 저는 어제 학교에 세 번 갔어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-18.mp3 en: I went to school three times yesterday notes: *counter-change - ko: 저는 그 영화를 다섯 번 봤어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-19.mp3 en: I saw that movie five times - ko: 저는 오늘 두 번 운동할 것입니다 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-20.mp3 en: I will exercise twice (two times) today - ko: 저는 어제 고기를 두 번 먹었어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-7.mp3 en: I ate meat twice yesterday - ko: 저는 오늘 축구를 네 번 할 거예요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-8.mp3 en: I will play soccer four times today time: - ko: 2시 30분 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-23.mp3 en: 두 시 삼십 분 notes: - 두 시 삼십 분 - &time-number-types | The pure Korean numbers are used when saying the hour number, whereas the Sino-Korean numbers are used when saying the minute number. - ko: 3시 10분 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-24.mp3 en: 세 시 십 분 notes: - 세 시 십 분 - *time-number-types - ko: 12시 50분 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-25.mp3 en: 열두 시 오십 분 notes: - 열두 시 오십 분 - *time-number-types - ko: 나는 5시에 먹을 거야 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-26.mp3 en: I will eat at 5:00 - ko: 나는 2시 30분에 왔어 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-2.mp3 en: I came at 2:30 - ko: 우리는 야구를 1시에 할 거예요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-9.mp3 en: We will play baseball at 1:00 - ko: 우리는 7시 20분에 시작할 거예요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s1.mp3 en: We will start at 7:20 살: - ko: 저는 열 살이에요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s2.mp3 en: I am ten years old - ko: 저의 여자 친구는 스물여섯 살이에요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s3.mp3 en: My girlfriend is twenty six years old - ko: 몇 살이에요? audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s4.mp3 en: How old are you? 번째: - ko: 저의 **첫 번째** 친구는 착했어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-33.mp3 en: My **first** friend was nice - ko: 저는 **첫 번째** 차를 싫어했어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-10.mp3 en: I didn’t like that **first** car - ko: 그 **두 번째** 선생님은 똑똑했어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-35.mp3 en: That second teacher was smart - ko: 저는 **두 번째** 남자를 골랐어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-11.mp3 en: I chose the **second** man - ko: 이 여권은 저의 **세 번**째 여권이에요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-12.mp3 en: This passport is my **third** passport - ko: 저는 **세 번**째 문을 열었어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-13.mp3 en: I opened the **third** door - ko: 저는 **네 번째** 사람이었어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-14.mp3 en: I was the **fourth** person - ko: 이 아이는 저의 **네 번째 **아들이에요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-15.mp3 en: This person is my **fourth** son - ko: 이 수업은 오늘 저의 열 번째 수업입니다 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-16.mp3 en: This is my **tenth** class today - ko: 저는 백 번째 페이지를 읽었어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-17.mp3 en: I read the 100**th** page 첫째: - ko: 우리 **둘째** 아들은 고등학생이에요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-18.mp3 en: Our **second** son is a high school student notes: &ordinal-shortening | - ko: 우리 **셋째** 아이는 야구를 좋아해요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-19.mp3 en: Our **third** child likes baseball notes: *ordinal-shortening - ko: 이 아이는 우리 **첫째** 아들이에요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-20.mp3 en: This (child) is our **first** son notes: *ordinal-shortening - ko: 우리 **둘째**는 고등학생이에요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-21.mp3 en: Our **second** (child) is a high school student notes: *ordinal-shortening - ko: 우리 **셋째**는 야구를 좋아해요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-22.mp3 en: Our **third** (child) likes baseball notes: *ordinal-shortening - ko: 이 아이는 우리 **첫째**예요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-23.mp3 en: This (child) is our **first** (child) notes: *ordinal-shortening 마지막: - ko: 이것은 저의 **마지막** 수업이에요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-49.mp3 en: This is my **last** class - ko: 저는 **마지막** 것을 안 봤어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-50.mp3 en: I didn’t see the **last** thing (I didn’t see that last one) 처음: - ko: 처음에 그 여자를 싫어했어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-51.mp3 en: I didn’t like that girl at first notes: &at-first | 처음에 = at first/in the beginning - ko: 저는 처음에 체육 수업을 싫어했어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-24.mp3 en: At first I didn’t like PE class notes: *at-first - ko: 저는 어제 선생님을 처음 만났어요 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-53.mp3 en: I met my teacher for the first time yesterday notes: &first-occurence | Put in a sentence as an adverb to indicate this is the first time something has happened - ko: 저는 내일 한국에 처음 갈 것입니다 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-54.mp3 en: I will go to Korea for the first time tomorrow notes: *first-occurence --- # Lesson 10: Korean Numbers ## Vocabulary The vocabulary in this section does not need to be separated. In my mind, they would all fall under the category of “Other.” 하나 = one 둘 = two 셋 = three 넷 = four 다섯 = five 여섯 = six 일곱 = seven 여덟 = eight 아홉 = nine 열 = ten 스물 = twenty 서른 = thirty 마흔 = forty 쉰 = fifty --- 일 = one 이 = two 삼 = three 사 = four 오 = five 육 = six 칠 = seven 팔 = eight 구 = nine 십 = ten 백 = one hundred 천 = one thousand 만 = ten thousand --- 영 = zero 공 = zero Click on the English words below to see information and examples of that word in use. You probably won’t be able to understand the grammar within the sentences at this point, but seeing words being used in sentences is very helpful for understanding how they can be used. A PDF file neatly presenting these words and extra information can be found [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/buyingpdf/vocabulary-examples/). You can try to find all of the words from this lesson, and all of the words from every lesson in Unit 1 in a package of twenty five [Word Searches](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wordsearch/). 처음 = the first time/beginning
Common Usages: - 처음에 = at first - 처음부터 = from the beginning - 처음부터 끝까지 = from start to finish - 오랜만에 처음으로 = for the first time in a long time Notes: This can be used in sentences when you are talking about the first time something is being done. Or it can be used as an adverb to have the meaning “in the beginning” See [below in this lesson](#처음-first-time) for more information. Examples: - 저는 **처음에** 우리 학교가 좋지 않았어요 = I didn’t like our school at **first** - 저는 어제 공항에 **처음** 갔어요 = Yesterday, I went to the airport for the **first time** - 저는 내일 한국에 **처음** 갈 것입니다 = I will go to Korea for the **first time** tomorrow - 그들은 저를 **처음**부터 싫어했어요 = They didn’t like me from the **start** - 저는 그것을 **처음**부터 끝까지 복습했어요 = I reviewed that from **start** to finish - 저는 그 책을 **처음**부터 끝까지 읽었어요 = I read that book from **start** to finish - 그녀는 **처음**으로 그녀의 감정을 드러냈어요 = For the **first time**, she revealed her emotions
마지막 = last
Common Usages: - 마지막 날 = the last day - 마지막 게임 = the last game - 마지막으로 = lastly Notes: There are two similar but different meanings for the word “last” in English. 마지막 is used for only ONE of those meanings. 마지막 is used to talk about something that is the last thing in the end of sequence – as in “first meal… second meal… third meal… fourth meal… last meal.” It is NOT used to talk about something in the past, as in “last night I went to bed late.” See bellow in this lesson for more information. Example: - 이 수업은 우리의 **마지막** 수업이에요 = This is our **last** class - 이것은 저의 **마지막** 기회이다 = This is my **last** chance - 저는 **마지막** 수업을 안 들었어요 = I didn’t attend the **last** class - 저는 **마지막** 것을 안 봤어요 = I didn’t see the **last** thing - 우리는 결국 **마지막** 경기에서 졌어요 = We ended up losing in the **last** game - 교수님은 **마지막** 수업이 끝나고 학생들을 위해 식사를 샀어요 = The professor bought a meal for the students after the **last** class
번째 = counter for 1st/2nd/3rd/etc..
Notes: This can be added as a counter after a number to mean 1st/2nd/3rd/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”. - 저는 첫 번째 차를 싫어했어요 = I didn’t like that first car After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example: - 저는 두 번째 남자를 골랐어요 = I chose the second man After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째. For example: - 이 수업은 오늘 저의 열 번째 수업입니다 = This is my tenth class today Examples: - 저는 열 **번째로 도착한** 사람이었어요 = I was the 10**th** person to arrive
첫 번째 = first (1st)
Notes: Can be shortened to “첫째” in some situations, usually when the following word is a counter or somebody’s children. For example: - 첫째 아들 = first son - 첫째 주 = first week Examples: - 저의 **첫 번째** 친구는 착했어요 = My **first** friend was nice - 그 사람은 서울에서 부산까지 걸은 첫 **번째** 사람이었다 = That person was the **first** person who walked from Seoul to Busan
두 번째 = second (2nd)
Notes: Can be shortened to “둘째” in some situations, usually when the following word is a counter or somebody’s children. For example: - 둘째 아들 = second daughter - 둘째 날 = second day Examples: - 그 **두 번째** 선생님은 똑똑했어요 = That **second** teacher was smart - 우리는 **두 번째** 날에 서울에 갔어요 = We went to Seoul on the **second** day
개 = counter for things
Notes: Counters are used in Korean to count various things. Different counters are used for things like people, books, animals, etc. “개” is the general counter that can be used to count most things that don’t have a specific counter (or if you don’t know the specific counter-word for something). See [below in this lesson](#counters) for more information. Example: - 펜 두 **개**를 주세요 = Give me two pens, please - 저는 사과 한 **개**를 샀어요 = I bought one apple - 저는 펜 두 **개**가 더 있어요 = I have two more pens
번 = counter for behaviors/actions
Notes: This can be used to indicate the amount of times something is done. In the end, it acts as an adverb and particles are not usually attached to it. Example: - 저는 한국에 5**번** 갔어요 = I went to Korea 5 **times** - 저는 학교에 몇 **번** 갔어요 = I went to school a few/some **times**
명 = counter for people
Example: - 사람 두 **명**이 왔어요 = two **people** came - 저는 사람 몇 **명**을 만났어요 = I met some **people** - 저는 어제 다섯 **명**의 친구를 만났어요 = I met 5 friends yesterday
대 = counter for automobiles
Example: - 저는 차 세 **대**가 있어요 = I have 3 cars
잔 = counter for a ‘glass’ of \_\_\_\_
Common Usages: - 맥주 한 잔 = one glass of beer - 물 한 잔 = one glass of water - 소주 한 잔 = one glass of soju Example: - 아저씨! 맥주 두 **잔** 주세요! = Sir! Two **glasses** of beer, please! - 저는 우유 두 **잔**을 마셨어요 = I drank two **glasses** of milk
시 = “o’clock”
Notes: - When telling time, “시” is put after the hour. For example: 5시 = 5:00 - When talking about “hours,” the word “시간” is used. See [Lesson 11](./11-time.md) for more information. Example: - 지금은 6**시**30분이에요 = Now, it is 6:30 - 1**시**에서 2**시**까지 오세요 = Please come from 1:00 to 2:00 - 3**시**까지 기다릴 거예요 = I will wait until 3:00
분 = minute
Notes: When telling time, “분” is put after the minute. It also means “minute” in regular situations. See [Lesson 11](./11-time.md) for more information. Example: - 우리가 30**분** 후에 만날래요? = Shall we meet in 30 **minutes**? - 우리학교에서 식당까지 10**분** 걸려요 = It takes 10 **minutes** to get from our school to the restaurant - 구름은 5**분** 전에 걷혔어요 = The clouds cleared up 5 **minutes** ago - 수업은 2 **분** 후에 끝날 거예요 = Class will finish 2 **minutes** from now - 이 버스는 10**분**마다 와요 = This bus comes each/every 10 **minutes**
초 = second
Example: - 10 **초** 동안 조금 어색했어요 = It was awkward for 10 **seconds** - 저는 2**초** 동안 달렸어요 = I ran for 2 **seconds**
살 = years old
Common Usages: - 저는 열여덟 살이에요 = I am 18 years old - 몇 살이에요? = How old are you? Notes: When using a number before “살,” you should use the Korean numbers. However, once you get above 50, it is not uncommon to use the Chinese numbers. Example: - 저의 여자 친구는 스물 **살**이에요 = My girlfriend is 20 **years old**
For help memorizing these words, try using our [mobile app](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/app/). You might also want to try listening to all of the words on loop with this [Vocabulary Practice video] There are 1050 vocabulary entries in Unit 1. All entries are linked to an audio file. You can download all of these files in one package [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/audio/). ## Korean Numbers Korean numbers are actually very easy once you get the hang of them. But, because they are so different from English numbers, it is often hard for English speakers to fully understand them at first. First thing you need to know, there are two sets of numbers in Korean: The pure Korean numbers and the numbers derived from Chinese (called Sino-Korean numbers). Let’s look at the Sino-Korean numbers first, because they are easier: ### Sino-Korean Numbers These are the Sino-Korean numbers as provided earlier: - 일 = one - 이 = two - 삼 = three - 사 = four - 오 = five - 육 = six - 칠 = seven - 팔 = eight - 구 = nine - 십 = ten - 백 = one hundred - 천 = one thousand - 만 = ten thousand With only those numbers, you can create any number from 1 – 10 million. All you need to do is put them together: - 일 = one (1) - 십 = ten (10) - 십일 = eleven (10 + 1) - 이십 = twenty (2 x 10) - 이십일 = twenty one (2 x 10 + 1) - 이십이 = twenty two (2 x 10 + 2) - 백 = one hundred (100) - 백일 = one hundred and one (100 + 1) - 백이 = one hundred and two (100 + 2) - 백구십 = one hundred and ninety (100 + 90) - 구백 = nine hundred (9 x 100) - 천 = one thousand (1000) - 천구백 = one thousand nine hundred (1000 + 9 x 100) - 오천 = five thousand (5 x 1000) - 오천육백 = five thousand six hundred (5 x 1000 + 6 x 100) - 만 = ten thousand - 십만 = one hundred thousand - 백만 = one million - 천만 = ten million The Sino-Korean numbers are used in limited situations. As each of these are taught throughout the upcoming lessons, you will slowly learn when to use the Sino-Korean numbers over the Korean numbers. For now, don’t worry about memorizing when they should be used, as it will come naturally. - When counting/dealing with money - When measuring - When doing math - In phone-numbers - When talking about/counting time in any way except the hour - The names of each month - Counting months (there is _another way_ to count months using pure Korean numbers) ### Pure Korean Numbers These are the pure Korean numbers as provided earlier: - 하나 = one - 둘 = two - 셋 = three - 넷 = four - 다섯 = five - 여섯 = six - 일곱 = seven - 여덟 = eight - 아홉 = nine - 열 = ten - 스물 = twenty - 서른 = thirty - 마흔 = forty - 쉰 = fifty Creating numbers 11-19, 21-29, 31-39 (etc..) is easy, and is done like this: - 11: 열하나 (10 + 1) - 12: 열둘 (10 + 2) - 21: 스물하나 (20 + 1) - 59: 쉰아홉 (50 + 9) _Notice that there are no spaces between the words representing numbers for both the Sino-Korean and pure Korean numbers. I discuss this in a [much more difficult lesson](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-6/lessons-126-133/lesson130/) that covers how numbers greater than 10,000 are used. For now, it is more important to focus on how to use simple numbers in sentences._ _After 60_, regardless of what you are doing, pure Korean numbers are rarely used. I was talking to my wife about this once, and she said that she didn’t think there was even a pure Korean number for 60. I told her “yes, there is: 예순.” To which she replied “Oh yeah, I forgot.” When you get that high (even as high as 40-50) it is not uncommon to use the Sino-Korean numbers instead. The pure Korean numbers are used when: - You are counting things/people/actions - Talking about the hour in time - Sometimes used when talking about months. Again, don’t worry about memorizing each of those yet. Whenever I talk about numbers, I will tell you which set you are expected to use. ## Using Numbers ### Counters When counting anything in Korean, you need to use the pure Korean numbers. In addition, one thing that is very hard for English speakers to wrap their head around is that, when counting most things in Korean, you need to also include a ‘counter.’ The most common counters are: - 개 = counter for things - 명 = counter for people - 번 = counter for behaviors/actions There are many more counters, but if you can’t remember the specific counter of something, you can usually substitute “개” (the counter for “thing”) instead. You will learn the more difficult counters as you progress through future lessons. For now, the goal is to get you accustomed to using these three simple counters. When counting in English, we usually don’t use counters. Rather we just say: “two people,” as in: - I met two people But some things in English require the use of these counters. For example, you could not say “I bought two films” (referring to the film in a camera, not a ‘movie’). Instead, you have to say “I bought two **rolls** of film.” The word roll in that sentence is a counter, and is similar to the counters in Korean. The main difference is that counters are used to count almost everything in Korean. The words 1, 2, 3, 4 and 20 change when adding a counter: - 1 = 하나 -> 한 - 2 = 둘 -> 두 - 3 = 셋 -> 세 - 4 = 넷 -> 네 - 20 = 스물 -> 스무 Place a number, followed by a counter, after a noun to indicate how many of that thing there are. For example: - 사람 두 명 = 2 people - 사람 한 명 = 1 person - 펜 다섯 개 = 5 pens - 펜 마흔네 개 = 44 pens ———— _It is also possible to put the number-counter combination before the noun that is being counted. However, the method shown immediately above is much more common. When placed before the noun, “~의” is added to the counter, for example:_ - 두 명의 사람 = 2 people - 한 명의 사람 = 1 person - 다섯 개의 펜 = 5 pens - 마흔네 개의 펜 = 44 pens *The purpose and function of ~*의 *in this type of construction is discussed in [Lesson 23](./23-ㅎ-irregulars-colors.md). As I said, it is usually less common to count using this method, so for now, don’t worry about this grammar. I simply want you to know that it can be done. Pay more attention to the “*사람 두 명*” form instead of the “*두 명의 사람*” form.* ———— When writing out the word instead of using the numeral (for example, writing “한” instead of “1”) the correct form is to have a space between the written number and the counter. For example: - 한 개 instead of 한개 - 두 번 instead of 두번 - 세 명 instead of 세명 When the Korean numbers are used (i.e. when counting things or actions), the word is more typically used than the numeral. In our lessons, you will usually see the Korean word written out when a counter is used. In other situations where Sino-Korean numbers are used, there is no difference if you use the Sino-Korean numeral or the word. I will come back to this in the [next lesson](./11-time.md) when you learn applications for Sino-Korean numbers. These nouns that we have counted can now become the object of a sentence: - 나는 펜 네 개를 샀어 = I bought four pens - 나는 햄버거 두 개를 먹었어 = I ate two hamburgers - 나는 어제 친구 다섯 명을 만났어 = I met five friends yesterday ———— The number-counter combination could also be placed before the noun, as we discussed earlier: - 나는 네 개의 펜을 샀어 = I bought four pens - 나는 두 개의 햄버거를 먹었어 = I ate two hamburgers - 나는 어제 다섯 명의 친구를 만났어 = I met five friends yesterday ———— Although the placement of the particles is important for your initial understanding of Korean grammar, eventually, you will become more comfortable with omitting particles altogether. Omitting particles is not something I recommend for a beginner because it is very important that you understand how to use them perfectly for more complex sentences. Nonetheless, most often in speech, particles in this situation are often omitted. For example, you might hear something like this: - 나는 펜 네 개 샀어 = I bought 4 pens In this structure, it is also possible to put the particle on the noun instead of the counter, for example: - 나는 펜을 네 개 샀어 = I bought 4 pens Try not to worry about this too much at this stage, as the following three sentences would sound perfect to Korean people: - 나는 펜 네 개 샀어 - 나는 펜을 네 개 샀어 - 나는 펜 네 개를 샀어 ———— Here are some more examples of counters in use: - 그 사람은 차 네 대가 있어요 = That person has four cars - 저는 우유 두 잔을 샀어요 = I bought two glasses of milk - 저는 땅콩 두 개를 먹었어요 = I ate two peanuts ## Zero I figure since I am talking about numbers, I should mention something about how/when the number zero is used. Just like other numbers, there are two ways to say “zero” in Korea. However, unlike other numbers, both ways of saying “zero” are of Chinese origin. - 영, which is (from what I understand), the way Chinese people say “zero” - 공, which is sort of like the meaning of “nothing” That isn’t really very important, but what is important is knowing which word to use in which situation. You should use “영” when talking about: - Points that can be given or taken away, like in a game. For example, when saying the score “2 – 0”, you would say “이 대 영”. Another example would be if you are in a quiz show, and you ask your friend how many points she has, she could say “영점” - The temperature “zero” - When using numbers in math (which, if you’re just learning Korean now, you probably won’t do for a long time) You should use “공” when talking about: - Phone numbers. For example, when saying “010 – 5555 – 5555”, all the zeros should be read as “공.” If you don’t live in Korea, you probably won’t know this, but “010” is the typical area code for a cell phone (in Seoul, at least). Therefore, when giving your phone number, you usually start out by saying “공-일-공”. ## 번 - Counter of Behavior or Action 번 is a common counter that counts behavior or actions, and is not directly counted with a noun in a sentence. Putting a number before “번” creates an adverb that tells you how many times something was done. It is an adverb, so 를/을 is usually not attached to it. - 저는 어제 학교에 세 번 갔어요 = I went to school three times yesterday - 저는 그 영화를 다섯 번 봤어요 = I saw that movie five times - 저는 오늘 두 번 운동할 것입니다 = I will exercise twice (two times) today - 저는 어제 고기를 두 번 먹었어요 = I ate meat twice yesterday - 저는 오늘 축구를 네 번 할 거예요 = I will play soccer four times today This is fairly simple to use, but you will continue to learn about this word in the next lesson when you learn how to say “this time,” “next time,” and “last time.” ## Telling Korean Time There are so many different ways to talk about time (seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, etc…). You will learn more about how to indicate when you did/do/will do something using these ‘time’ words in the [next lesson](./11-time.md). In this lesson, however, you will learn about telling time, as in the time on a clock. When talking about the hour, as in ‘2 o’clock’ all you need to do is put 시 after a number: - 2시 = 2:00 (2 o’clock) When talking about the minute, add 분 after the number: - 2시 30분 = 2:30 The pure Korean numbers are used when saying the hour number, whereas the Sino-Korean numbers are used when saying the minute number. For example: - 2시 30분 = 2:30, or - 두 시 삼십 분 = Two thirty Earlier in the lesson I said that when a pure Korean number is used with a counter, it is more commonly written out instead of using the numeral. In this case, “시” could be seen as a counter as we are counting “hours.” However, writing the numeral or the word is equally as common and acceptable when referring to the time. In my case, I much prefer to use the numeral instead of the word. To indicate the minute, Sino-Korean numbers are used and (just like all times when Sino-Korean numbers are used) there is no difference if you use the numeral or the word. I prefer to use the numeral in these cases. The spacing of these also needs to be discussed. As I mentioned earlier, when a written number is placed before a counter, there should be a space between the number and the counter. This is true for the number before “분” as well. For example, if you were writing the words out: - 두 시 should be written instead of 두시 - 삼십 분 should be written instead of 삼십분 However, when using the numeral, it is acceptable to omit the space and attach the numeral directly with the following counter. For example: - 2시 30분 Officially, there should be a space. However, most people do not include a space and it is also seen as correct to omit it. Other examples: - 3시 10분 = 3:10 - 세 시 십 분 = Three ten - 12시 50분 = 12:50 - 열두 시 오십 분 = Twelve fifty _You will see more examples of this in the next lesson when you learn more applications of numbers (specifically Sino-Korean numbers). If you can’t get it into your brain yet, it will be easier when you see more examples in the next lesson._ These times can now go in a sentence as usual by adding 에 to indicate a time: - 나는 5시에 먹을 거야 = I will eat at 5:00 - 나는 2시 30분에 왔어 = I came at 2:30 - 우리는 야구를 1시에 할 거예요 = We will play baseball at 1:00 - 우리는 7시 20분에 시작할 거예요 = We will start at 7:20 ## Age When indicating how old a person is, you should use pure Korean numbers along with the word “살” which is a counter for ages. For example: - 저는 열 살이에요 = I am ten years old - 저의 여자 친구는 스물여섯 살이에요 = My girlfriend is twenty six years old It would sound weird to use the Sino-Korean numbers to indicate the age of somebody who is under thirty. However, after thirty, it is not uncommon to use the Sino-Korean numbers instead of the pure Korean numbers. The older the age, the more likely you will hear the Sino-Korean number used instead of the pure Korean number. After 50, you are most likely to exclusively hear the Sino-Korean numbers. You haven’t learned how to ask questions yet, so it is difficult for me to explain how to ask about a person’s age. You will understand the following sentence better once you are confident with the content introduced in [Lessons 21](./21-why-when-where-who.md) and [22](./22-how-which-what-how-many.md). Nonetheless, it would be good to memorize this sentence because of how common of a question it is: - 몇 살이에요? = How old are you? ## 번째: First, Second, Third, etc… 번째 can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”. For example: 첫 번째 = first - 저의 첫 번째 친구는 착했어요 = My first friend was nice - 저는 첫 번째 차를 싫어했어요 = I didn’t like that first car _If you think that is confusing, explain how ‘one’ gets changed to ‘first,’ ‘two’ gets changed to ‘second’ and ‘three’ gets changed to ‘third.’_ After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example: 두 번째 = second - 그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요 = That second teacher was smart - 저는 두 번째 남자를 골랐어요 = I chose the second man 세 번째 = third - 이 여권은 저의 세 번째 여권이에요 = This passport is my third passport - 저는 세 번째 문을 열었어요 = I opened the third door 네 번째 = fourth - 저는 네 번째 사람이었어요 = I was the fourth person - 이 아이는 저의 네 번째 아들이에요 = This person is my fourth son After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째. For example: - 이 수업은 오늘 저의 열 번째 수업입니다 = This is my tenth class today - 저는 백 번째 페이지를 읽었어요 = I read the 100th page Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way: - 첫 번째 = 첫째 = first - 두 번째 = 둘째 = second - 세 번째 = 셋째 = third - 네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth - etc.… [Here is a video explaining a Korean sign that uses this idea of shortening 첫 번째 to 첫째] These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about your first/second/third/etc. children. For example: - 우리 둘째 아들은 고등학생이에요 = Our second son is a high school student - 우리 셋째 아이는 야구를 좋아해요 = Our third child likes baseball - 이 아이는 우리 첫째 아들이에요 = This (child) is our first son In these cases, it is common to just refer to the child as “one’s first” or “one’s second.” We often do the same thing in English. For example: - 우리 둘째는 고등학생이에요 = Our second (child) is a high school student - 우리 셋째는 야구를 좋아해요 = Our third (child) likes baseball - 이 아이는 우리 첫째예요 = This (child) is our first (child) However, as I mentioned, it would be unnatural to use these words in sentences like this: - 저는 셋째 문을 열었어요 (very understandable, but awkward) - 저는 넷째 사람이었어요 (very understandable, but awkward) Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about things that need to be done, and the speaker/writer is indicating “Firstly… and then secondly…” For example: - 첫째, 저는 야채를 많이 먹겠습니다 = First, I will eat a lot of vegetables - 둘째, 저는 매일 운동하겠습니다 = Second, I will exercise everyday _I didn’t make audio recordings for the above sentences because I feel they would more likely be written than spoken._ Another useful word is 마지막 which often translates to ‘last.’ It is often confusing for English speakers to understand the usage of 마지막 at first because the word “last” has more than one usage in English. 마지막 is used to refer to the _final_ (last) thing at the end of sequence… as in “first meal… second meal… third meal… fourth meal… final (last) meal.” It is not used to refer to a “previous” thing. Notice the difference between these two usages of “last night”: - Last night (the previous night) I went to the movies - The last night (the final night) of our trip was the best The second example would be where you could use 마지막, because you are referring to the _final_ (last) night of a sequence of nights on a trip. In the first example, you are talking about the previous night. I will introduce how you can refer to a “previous” thing in the next lesson where I introduce 지난. Here are some examples of 마지막 in use: - 이것은 저의 마지막 수업이에요 = This is my last class - 저는 마지막 것을 안 봤어요 = I didn’t see the last thing (I didn’t see that last one) In these examples, 마지막 is being used as a descriptive word, even though it is not an adjective in its original form (it is not an adjective because it does not end in 다, and cannot be conjugated). Words can be used this way in English as well. The word “face” is a noun. But in the sentence “I put on face paint,” the word “face” describes the type of paint you used. Similarly, you could say “that is a computer room,” where the word “computer” is describing the room. ## 처음– First Time 처음 is a very complex word that can be used in many situations. I have been studying Korean for years and I still don’t know how to use it perfectly in all situations. It can be used in sentences when you are talking about the first time something is being done. It can be used as a noun or an adverb, depending on the situation (which adds to it’s complexity). The two most common situations are: 1. 처음에 … (at first/in the beginning) - 처음에 그 여자를 싫어했어요 = I didn’t like that girl at first - 저는 처음에 체육 수업을 싫어했어요 = At first I didn’t like PE class 2. Put in a sentence as an adverb to indicate this is the first time something has happened: - 저는 어제 선생님을 처음 만났어요 = I met my teacher for the first time yesterday - 저는 내일 한국에 처음 갈 것입니다 = I will go to Korea for the first time tomorrow You’ve gotten this far! You can’t stop now! Haha. The learning curve now is still fairly steep, but it will get much easier in the future. As I keep saying, having a good solid base in the fundamental grammar concepts of Korean will help you tons later on! [Okay, I got it! Take me to the next lesson! ](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/?page_id=872)Or, [Click here for a workbook to go along with this lesson.](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/workbooks#Unit1916) That’s it for lesson! There are 1250 example sentences in Unit 1. All entries are linked to an audio file. You can download all of these files in one package [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/audio/). ## Summary Want to try to create some sentences using the vocabulary and grammar from this lesson? This YouTube video will prompt you to translate English sentences into Korean using the concepts from this lesson. --- Want to practice your listening skills? This YouTube video will prompt you with Korean sentences to dictate using the concepts from this lesson. --- The following videos are available to reinforce the concepts taught in this lesson: [Lesson Recap]