날씨 = the day-to-day weather conditions. 기후 = climate, the long-term pattern.
examples: - ko: "**날씨**가 너무 더워요" en: "The **weather** is too hot" - ko: "**날씨**가 좋아서 밖에 가고 싶어요" en: "I want to go outside because the **weather** is nice" - ko: "더운 **날씨**가 괜찮은데 습한 **날씨**가 싫어요" en: "Hot **weather** is okay, but I don't like humid **weather**" - ko: "저는 추운 **날씨**를 좋아해요" en: "I like cold **weather**" - ko: "**날씨**가 서늘해요" en: "The **weather** is cool" - ko: "기온" en: "temperature (air)" notes: "기온 is the air temperature in weather contexts. 온도 is the general word for temperature (water, rooms, objects)." examples: - ko: "내일 **기온**이 30도까지 올라갈 거에요" en: "The **temperature** tomorrow is going to go up to 30 degrees" - ko: "**기온**이 영하로 떨어졌어요" en: "The **temperature** dropped below zero" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "밤에는 **기온**이 많이 내려가요" en: "At night the **temperature** drops a lot" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "공기" en: "air" notes: "공기 is the air we breathe (air quality, dryness, humidity)." examples: - ko: "캐나다에서는 **공기**가 건조해요" en: "The **air** in Canada is dry" - ko: "산에서는 **공기**가 깨끗해요" en: "The **air** is clean in the mountains" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "비" en: "rain" notes: "비가 오다 / 비가 내리다 = for rain to come / fall. 비 is also part of compounds such as 비옷 (rain jacket).
" examples: - ko: "**비**가 왔어요" en: "It rained (lit. **rain** came)" - ko: "**비**가 와요" en: "It's raining (lit. **rain** is coming)" - ko: "눈" en: "snow" notes: |눈 also means "eye". Context tells you which one is meant: 눈이 오다 = snow comes, 눈이 아프다 = eyes hurt.
examples: - ko: "**눈**이 왔어요" en: "It snowed (lit. **snow** came)" - ko: "**눈**이 와요" en: "It's snowing (lit. **snow** is coming)" - ko: "**눈**이 많이 쌓였어요" en: "A lot of **snow** piled up" - ko: "**눈**을 치워야 돼요" en: "We have to clear the **snow**" - ko: "**눈**이 다 녹았어요" en: "The **snow** is all melted" - ko: "바람" en: "wind" notes: "바람이 불다 = for wind to blow." examples: - ko: "**바람**이 심하게 불어요" en: "The **wind** is blowing hard" - ko: "**바람**이 불어서 추워요" en: "It's cold because the **wind** is blowing" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "이슬비" en: "drizzle" notes: |이슬비 is a very fine, light rain, lighter than a 소나기 (a sudden shower).
examples: - ko: "아침부터 **이슬비**가 내려요" en: "A **drizzle** has been falling since the morning" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "**이슬비**는 소나기보다 약해요" en: "A **drizzle** is lighter than a shower" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "**이슬비**라서 우산을 안 썼어요" en: "It was only a **drizzle**, so I didn't use an umbrella" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "눈바람" en: "blizzard (snow + wind)" notes: "눈바람 literally means snow + wind. 눈보라 is also commonly used for a blizzard or snowstorm.
" examples: - ko: "**눈바람**이 심하게 불어요" en: "A **blizzard** is blowing hard" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "**눈바람** 때문에 길이 안 보여요" en: "I can't see the road because of the **blizzard**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "**눈바람**이 불어서 밖에 못 나가요" en: "A **blizzard** is blowing, so I can't go outside" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "폭염" en: "heat wave" notes: "폭염 is a period of extreme heat, often announced in weather warnings (폭염 경보)." examples: - ko: "다음 주까지 **폭염**이 예상됩니다" en: "A **heat wave** is expected until next week" - ko: "**폭염** 때문에 에어컨을 하루 종일 틀었어요" en: "Because of the **heat wave**, I ran the air conditioner all day" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "장마" en: "rainy season" notes: "장마 is the rainy season in Korea, usually from late June to July." examples: - ko: "한국에서는 **장마**가 7월에 있어요" en: "There is a **rainy season** in Korea in July" - ko: "**장마**가 다음 주부터 시작될 거에요" en: "The **rainy season** will start from next week" - ko: "가뭄" en: "drought" notes: "Opposite of 장마 in terms of rainfall." examples: - ko: "**가뭄** 때문에 물을 아껴 써야 돼요" en: "We need to conserve water because of the **drought**" - ko: "올해는 **가뭄**이 심해요" en: "This year the **drought** is severe" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "기후변화" en: "climate change" notes: "기후 (climate) + 변화 (change)." examples: - ko: "**기후변화** 때문에 바다 해수면이 높아지고 있어요" en: "The sea level is rising because of **climate change**" - ko: "**기후변화**는 큰 문제예요" en: "**Climate change** is a big problem" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "번개" en: "lightning" notes: "번개가 치다 = for lightning to strike. The verb 치다 is also used with 천둥 (thunder)." examples: - ko: "**번개**가 쳐서 깜짝 놀랐어요" en: "I was startled because **lightning** struck" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "**번개**가 친 다음에 천둥소리가 들려요" en: "After **lightning** strikes, you hear thunder" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "**번개**가 치니까 밖에 나가지 마세요" en: "**Lightning** is striking, so don't go outside" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "천둥" en: "thunder" notes: "천둥이 치다 = for thunder to strike. 천둥소리 = the sound of thunder." examples: - ko: "저는 **천둥** 치는 소리를 들었어요" en: "I heard (the sound of) **thunder**" - ko: "**천둥**이 치면 강아지가 무서워해요" en: "When **thunder** strikes, the puppy gets scared" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "소나기" en: "shower (sudden rain)" notes: "소나기 is a sudden, heavy rain that ends quickly. Compare 이슬비 (a light drizzle)." examples: - ko: "골프를 치고 있었는데 갑자기 **소나기**가 왔어요" en: "I was playing golf, and then suddenly it started to **shower**" - ko: "**소나기**는 금방 그쳐요" en: "A **shower** stops quickly" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "태풍" en: "typhoon" notes: "태풍이 오다 = for a typhoon to come." examples: - ko: "다음 주에 **태풍**이 올 거에요" en: "There will be a **typhoon** next week" - ko: "**태풍** 때문에 비행기가 취소됐어요" en: "The flight was cancelled because of the **typhoon**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "단풍" en: "autumn leaves (changing color)" notes: "단풍 refers to the leaves changing color in autumn. 낙엽 refers to the leaves after they have fallen." examples: - ko: "**단풍**이 예뻐요" en: "The **autumn leaves** are pretty" - ko: "가을에는 **단풍**을 보러 산에 가요" en: "In the fall I go to the mountains to see the **autumn leaves**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "낙엽" en: "fallen leaves" notes: "낙엽 are the leaves that have fallen to the ground in autumn. Compare 단풍 (leaves while they are changing color)." examples: - ko: "**낙엽** 때문에 산길이 미끄러워요" en: "The path is slippery because of the **fallen leaves**" - ko: "가을에는 **낙엽**이 많이 떨어져요" en: "In the fall, a lot of **leaves** fall to the ground" - ko: "황사" en: "yellow dust" notes: "황사 is the yellow dust that comes to Korea in the spring." examples: - ko: "한국에는 **황사**가 중국에서 봄마다 와요" en: "**Yellow dust** comes to Korea every spring from China" - ko: "**황사**를 피하기 위해 마스크를 써야 해요" en: "You should wear a mask to avoid the **yellow dust**" - ko: "오늘 **황사**가 심해서 밖에 나가면 안 돼요" en: "You shouldn't go outside today because the **yellow dust** is bad" - ko: "하늘" en: "sky" notes: "하늘이 맑다 = the sky is clear." examples: - ko: "**하늘**이 매우 맑아요" en: "The **sky** is very clear" - ko: "**하늘**에 구름이 많아요" en: "There are a lot of clouds in the **sky**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "구름" en: "clouds" notes: "구름 can be singular or plural; English usually uses 'clouds' for the weather." examples: - ko: "**구름**이 그쳤어요" en: "The **clouds** cleared up" notes: Taken from the pool as given. 구름이 걷혔어요 is more natural. - ko: "**구름**이 많아서 해가 안 보여요" en: "I can't see the sun because there are a lot of **clouds**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "해" en: "sun" notes: |해 means "sun" here. It also means "year" (올해 = this year) and "harm" in other contexts.
The sun has the verbs 뜨다 (rise) and 지다 (set).
examples: - ko: "여름에는 **해**가 일찍 떠요" en: "In the summer, the **sun** rises early" - ko: "여름에는 **해**가 늦게 져요" en: "In the summer, the **sun** sets late" - ko: "일교차" en: "daily temperature range" notes: "일교차 is the difference between the highest and lowest temperature within a day." examples: - ko: "가을에는 **일교차**가 크기 때문에 겉옷을 항상 준비해야 해요" en: "You should always prepare outer clothes in the fall because the **temperature** can be very different from morning to night" - ko: "봄에는 **일교차**가 커서 감기에 걸리기 쉬워요" en: "In the spring, the **daily temperature range** is big, so it's easy to catch a cold" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "산불" en: "forest fire" notes: "산불이 나다 = for a forest fire to break out." examples: - ko: "가을에는 날씨가 매우 건조해서 **산불**이 많이 나요" en: "**Forest fires** happen a lot in fall because the weather is very dry" - ko: "**산불** 때문에 많은 사람들이 대피했어요" en: "Many people evacuated because of the **forest fire**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "자외선" en: "UV rays" notes: "자외선 literally means 'ultraviolet rays'. 자외선 차단제 is sunscreen." examples: - ko: "한낮에는 **자외선**이 강해요" en: "**UV rays** are strong at midday" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "**자외선**이 강한 날에는 모자를 써요" en: "On days when the **UV rays** are strong, I wear a hat" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "자외선 차단제" en: "sunscreen" notes: "자외선 (UV rays) + 차단제 (blocker). The verb is 바르다 (to apply)." examples: - ko: "피부를 보호하기 위해 여름에는 **자외선 차단제**를 발라야 돼요" en: "In order to protect your skin, you need to apply **sun screen** in the summer" - ko: "**자외선 차단제**를 안 발라서 피부가 탔어요" en: "I didn't apply **sunscreen**, so my skin got burned" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "내복" en: "long johns" notes: "내복 is thermal underwear worn under clothes in winter." examples: - ko: "겨울에는 **내복**을 입어요" en: "I wear **long johns** in the winter" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "**내복**을 입어서 안 추워요" en: "I'm not cold because I'm wearing **long johns**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "추워서 **내복**을 샀어요" en: "It was cold, so I bought **long johns**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "우산" en: "umbrella" notes: "우산을 쓰다 = to use/hold an umbrella. 우산을 씌우다 = to hold an umbrella over someone." examples: - ko: "저는 **우산**을 안 가져왔어요" en: "I didn't bring an **umbrella**" - ko: "**우산**을 씌워 주세요" en: "Put the **umbrella** over me" - ko: "비옷" en: "rain jacket" notes: "비 (rain) + 옷 (clothes)." examples: - ko: "**비옷**을 사야겠어요" en: "I'll have to buy a **rain jacket**" - ko: "**비옷**을 입고 나갔어요" en: "I went out wearing a **rain jacket**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "겉옷" en: "outer clothes (jacket)" notes: "겉옷 means outer clothes such as a jacket or coat. 겉 = the outside." examples: - ko: "가을에는 일교차가 크기 때문에 **겉옷**을 항상 준비해야 해요" en: "You should always prepare **outer clothes** in the fall because of the big temperature difference" - ko: "추우니까 **겉옷**을 입으세요" en: "It's cold, so put on a **jacket**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "**겉옷**을 안 가져와서 추웠어요" en: "I didn't bring a **jacket**, so I was cold" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "바다" en: "ocean" notes: "바다 is the sea/ocean. 해변 is the beach." examples: - ko: "저는 **바다**에서 수영하고 싶어요" en: "I want to go swimming in the **ocean**" - ko: "기후변화 때문에 **바다** 해수면이 높아지고 있어요" en: "The **ocean** level is rising because of climate change" - ko: "해변" en: "beach" notes: "해변 is the beach / seashore." examples: - ko: "저는 **해변**에 가고 싶어요" en: "I want to go to the **beach**" - ko: "여름에는 **해변**에 사람이 많아요" en: "In the summer, there are a lot of people at the **beach**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "기후" en: "climate" notes: "기후 is the long-term climate of a region. 날씨 is the weather of a given day." examples: - ko: "한국의 **기후**는 사계절이 뚜렷해요" en: "Korea's **climate** has four distinct seasons" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "캐나다의 **기후**는 매우 추워요" en: "Canada's **climate** is very cold" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "이 나라는 **기후**가 따뜻해요" en: "This country has a warm **climate**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "에어컨" en: "air conditioner" notes: "에어컨 is the common (shortened) word for air conditioner. The verb is 틀다 (to turn on) / 끄다 (to turn off)." examples: - ko: "더워서 **에어컨**을 틀고 싶어요" en: "I want to turn the **air conditioner** on because it is hot" - ko: "**에어컨**이 고장 났어요" en: "The **air conditioner** broke down" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "난방" en: "heating" notes: |난방 is heating (a building, a room, a heater system). Compare 냉방 (cooling).
You will see these words written on signs indicating that the air conditioner or heater is on, and because of that, the owner of the building (or whatever) wants you to close the door after you come in or leave. For example, you might see "난방중". Another place you will see these is on the control console for the central heating/cooling in a building, where you can choose heat "난방" or cooling "냉방".
examples: - ko: "이 방은 **난방** 중이다" en: "This room is being **heated**" - ko: "냉방" en: "cooling (air conditioning)" notes: |냉방 is cooling / air conditioning. Compare 난방 (heating).
You will see these words written on signs indicating that the air conditioner or heater is on, and because of that, the owner of the building (or whatever) wants you to close the door after you come in or leave. For example, you might see "냉방중". Another place you will see these is on the control console for the central heating/cooling in a building, where you can choose heat "난방" or cooling "냉방".
examples: - ko: "이 방은 **냉방** 중이다" en: "This room is being air conditioned (**cooled**)" verbs: - ko: "치다" en: "to strike (lightning/thunder)" notes: |치다 has many meanings that depend on context:
1) for lightning/thunder to strike (번개가 치다, 천둥이 치다)
2) to play/hit (골프를 치다, 테니스를 치다)
It is not the same verb as 치우다 (to clear away).
examples: - ko: "저는 천둥 **치는** 소리를 들었어요" en: "I heard (the sound of) thunder **striking**" - ko: "골프를 **치고** 있었는데 갑자기 소나기가 왔어요" en: "I was **playing** golf, and then suddenly it started to shower" notes: Different meaning of 치다 (to play golf), not weather. - ko: "번개가 **쳐서** 깜짝 놀랐어요" en: "I was startled because lightning **struck**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "쌓이다" en: "to be piled up" notes: |The word 쌓이다 is used when it snows but the snow doesn't go away, and it continues to pile up more and more.
It is the passive form of 쌓다 (to pile something up).
examples: - ko: "눈이 **쌓이고** 있어요" en: "The snow is **piling up**" - ko: "눈이 많이 **쌓였어요**" en: "A lot of snow **piled up**" - ko: "오다" en: "to come (rain/snow)" notes: |오다 is the everyday verb for rain/snow coming. 내리다 (to fall down) is also used, and sounds a little more descriptive.
오다 literally means "to come" and is also used for storms and seasons arriving (태풍이 오다, 봄이 오다).
examples: - ko: "비가 **왔어요**" en: "It rained (lit. rain **came**)" - ko: "비가 **와요**" en: "It's raining (lit. rain is **coming**)" - ko: "눈이 **왔어요**" en: "It snowed (lit. snow **came**)" - ko: "눈이 **와요**" en: "It's snowing (lit. snow is **coming**)" - ko: "골프를 치고 있었는데 갑자기 소나기가 **왔어요**" en: "I was playing golf, and then suddenly it started to shower" - ko: "내리다" en: "to fall (rain/snow)" notes: |내리다 = for rain/snow to fall down. It focuses on the falling motion, whereas 오다 is the plain everyday verb.
내리다 also means "to get off" (버스에서 내리다) and "to go down".
examples: - ko: "비가 많이 **내려요**" en: "It's raining a lot (lit. rain is **falling** a lot)" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "어제 밤새 눈이 **내렸어요**" en: "Snow **fell** all night yesterday" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "서울에는 눈이 **내리고** 있어요" en: "It's snowing in Seoul (lit. snow is **falling**)" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "피다" en: "to bloom (flower)" notes: "피다 = for a flower to bloom. The opposite is 지다 (for a flower to wither), which also means 'to set' for the sun." examples: - ko: "꽃이 **피고** 있어요" en: "The flowers are **blooming**" - ko: "봄에는 꽃이 많이 **피어요**" en: "In the spring, a lot of flowers **bloom**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "벚꽃이 **피었어요**" en: "The cherry blossoms have **bloomed**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "지다" en: "to set (sun)" notes: |지다 depends on context:
1) for the sun to set (해가 지다)
2) for flowers to wither/fall (꽃이 지다)
3) to lose (경기에서 지다)
examples: - ko: "여름에는 해가 늦게 **져요**" en: "In the summer, the sun **sets** late" - ko: "겨울에는 해가 일찍 **져요**" en: "In the winter, the sun **sets** early" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "해가 **지고** 있어요" en: "The sun is **setting**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "뜨다" en: "to rise (sun)" notes: |뜨다 depends on context: for the sun to rise (해가 뜨다), to float (물에 뜨다), and to open one's eyes (눈을 뜨다).
examples: - ko: "여름에는 해가 일찍 **떠요**" en: "In the summer, the sun **rises** early" - ko: "해가 **뜨기** 전에 일어났어요" en: "I woke up before the sun **rose**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "불다" en: "to blow (wind)" notes: "불다 is also used for blowing something yourself (풍선을 불다, to blow up a balloon)." examples: - ko: "바람이 심하게 **불어요**" en: "The wind is **blowing** hard" - ko: "바람이 **불어서** 시원해요" en: "The wind is **blowing**, so it's refreshing" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "틀다" en: "to turn on (air conditioner/heater)" notes: "틀다 is used for appliances such as an air conditioner, heater, TV or music. For lights, 켜다 is more common." examples: - ko: "더워서 에어컨을 **틀고** 싶어요" en: "I want to **turn on** the air conditioner because it is hot" - ko: "추워서 난방을 **틀었어요**" en: "It was cold, so I **turned on** the heating" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "끄다" en: "to turn off" notes: "끄다 is the opposite of 틀다/켜다. It is a ㅡ-dropping verb: 꺼요, 껐어요." examples: - ko: "에어컨을 **끄고** 나갔어요" en: "I **turned off** the air conditioner and went out" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "나갈 때 난방을 **꺼요**" en: "I **turn off** the heating when I go out" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "불을 **껐어요**" en: "I **turned off** the light" notes: Generated by Claude adjectives: - ko: "덥다" en: "hot (weather)" notes: |덥다 is for hot weather or feeling hot. It is a ㅂ irregular adjective (더워요, 더운, 더워서).
For something hot to the touch (water, food), 뜨겁다 is used.
examples: - ko: "날씨가 너무 **더워요**" en: "The weather is too **hot**" - ko: "날씨가 너무 **더워서** 못 나가요" en: "It's so **hot**, so I can't go outside" - ko: "**더워서** 에어컨을 틀고 싶어요" en: "I want to turn the air conditioner on because it is **hot**" - ko: "**더운** 날씨가 괜찮은데 습한 날씨가 싫어요" en: "**Hot** weather is okay, but I don't like humid weather" - ko: "날씨가 **더워서** 물을 많이 마셔야 해요" en: "You must drink lots of water because it is **hot**" - ko: "춥다" en: "cold (weather)" notes: "춥다 is a ㅂ irregular adjective (추워요, 추운, 추워서). Compare 쌀쌀하다 (chilly) and 서늘하다 (cool)." examples: - ko: "날씨가 **추워요**" en: "The weather is **cold**" - ko: "저는 **추운** 날씨를 좋아해요" en: "I like **cold** weather" - ko: "날씨가 좀 **추워졌어요**" en: "The weather got a little bit **cold**" - ko: "날씨는 주말에 **추워졌어**" en: "The weather got **cold** over the weekend" - ko: "건조하다" en: "dry" notes: "건조하다 is for dry air/weather/skin." examples: - ko: "캐나다에서는 공기가 **건조해요**" en: "The air in Canada is **dry**" - ko: "가을에는 날씨가 매우 **건조해서** 산불이 많이 나요" en: "Forest fires happen a lot in fall because the weather is very **dry**" - ko: "따뜻하다" en: "warm" notes: "따뜻하다 is the standard spelling. 따듯하다 is also used (the pool uses 따듯해지고 있어요)." examples: - ko: "날씨가 **따듯해지고** 있어요" en: "The weather is getting **warmer**" - ko: "봄에는 날씨가 **따뜻해요**" en: "In the spring, the weather is **warm**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "습하다" en: "humid" notes: "습하다 is for humid air/weather, common during the rainy season." examples: - ko: "더운 날씨가 괜찮은데 **습한** 날씨가 싫어요" en: "Hot weather is okay, but I don't like **humid** weather" - ko: "장마에는 공기가 **습해요**" en: "The air is **humid** during the rainy season" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "맑다" en: "clear (sky/weather)" notes: "맑다 is for a clear sky, clear water, or a clear mind. It is pronounced [막따]." examples: - ko: "하늘이 매우 **맑아요**" en: "The sky is very **clear**" - ko: "비가 그친 후에 하늘이 **맑아졌어요**" en: "After the rain stopped, the sky became **clear**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "쌀쌀하다" en: "chilly" notes: "쌀쌀하다 is colder than 서늘하다 and slightly uncomfortable, but not as cold as 춥다. Typical for late fall and early spring." examples: - ko: "날씨가 **쌀쌀해요**" en: "The weather is **chilly**" - ko: "가을 아침은 **쌀쌀해요**" en: "Fall mornings are **chilly**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "서늘하다" en: "cool (pleasantly)" notes: "서늘하다 is a pleasant coolness (e.g., a fresh breeze). Compare 쌀쌀하다 (chilly) and 춥다 (cold)." examples: - ko: "날씨가 **서늘해요**" en: "The weather is **cool**" - ko: "저녁에는 **서늘한** 바람이 불어요" en: "A **cool** breeze blows in the evening" notes: Generated by Claude seasons: - ko: "여름" en: "summer" notes: "여름에는 = 'in the summer (as for summer)'. 여름마다 = every summer." examples: - ko: "**여름**에는 해가 일찍 떠요" en: "In the **summer**, the sun rises early" - ko: "**여름**에는 해가 늦게 져요" en: "In the **summer**, the sun sets late" - ko: "피부를 보호하기 위해 **여름**에는 자외선 차단제를 발라야 돼요" en: "In order to protect your skin, you need to apply sun screen in the **summer**" - ko: "겨울" en: "winter" notes: "겨울에는 = 'in the winter (as for winter)'." examples: - ko: "**겨울**에 한국 사람들이 문을 왜 안 닫는지 이해가 안 돼요" en: "I don't understand why Korean people don't close the door in the **winter**" - ko: "**겨울**에는 눈이 많이 와요" en: "It snows a lot in the **winter**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "가을" en: "fall" notes: "가을 = fall/autumn." examples: - ko: "**가을**에는 낙엽이 많이 떨어져요" en: "In the **fall**, a lot of leaves fall to the ground" - ko: "**가을**에는 곡식을 수확해요" en: "Grains are harvested in the **fall**" - ko: "**가을**에는 일교차가 크기 때문에 겉옷을 항상 준비해야 해요" en: "You should always prepare outer clothes in the **fall** because of the big temperature difference" - ko: "**가을**에는 날씨가 매우 건조해서 산불이 많이 나요" en: "Forest fires happen a lot in **fall** because the weather is very dry" - ko: "봄" en: "spring" notes: "봄에는 = 'in the spring'. 봄마다 = every spring. 봄 also appears as a verb form of 보다 (e.g. 봄 as 'seeing'), but here it is the season." examples: - ko: "한국에는 황사가 중국에서 **봄**마다 와요" en: "Yellow dust comes to Korea every **spring** from China" - ko: "**봄**에는 꽃가루 알레르기를 조심해야 해요" en: "You need to be careful about pollen allergies in the **spring**" other: - ko: "영하" en: "below zero" notes: "Korean says 영하 5도 (lit. below-zero 5 degrees) instead of 'minus 5'." examples: - ko: "오늘 아침 기온은 **영하** 5도예요" en: "This morning's temperature is 5 degrees **below zero**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "밤에는 **영하**로 떨어져요" en: "At night it drops **below zero**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "겨울에는 **영하** 10도까지 내려가요" en: "In the winter it goes down to 10 degrees **below zero**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "영상" en: "above zero" notes: |영상 means "above zero" when talking about temperature, e.g. 영상 3도.
영상 also means "video/footage" in other contexts. Compare 영하 (below zero).
examples: - ko: "낮 기온은 **영상** 3도예요" en: "The daytime temperature is 3 degrees **above zero**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "내일은 **영상**으로 올라갈 거예요" en: "Tomorrow it will go **above zero**" notes: Generated by Claude - ko: "**영상** 20도라서 따뜻해요" en: "It's 20 degrees **above zero**, so it's warm" notes: Generated by Claude sentence: summer_weather: - ko: "비가 왔어요" en: "It rained" notes: |Mainly past tense: "It rained". The sentence pool also lists "It's raining" for this sentence (rain that has come and is still around), but for a plain present "It's raining" use 비가 와요.
- ko: "비가 와요" en: "It's raining" notes: "Present tense. 오다 (to come) is the everyday verb for rain/snow; 내리다 (to fall down) is also used." - ko: "날씨가 너무 더워요" en: "The weather is too hot" notes: "너무 means 'too/so' and is used in casual speech even when it is not negative." - ko: "날씨가 너무 더워서 못 나가요" en: "It's so hot, so I can't go outside" notes: "못 + verb = can't / unable to. -아/어서 = because/so. 나가다 = to go out." - ko: "저는 바다에서 수영하고 싶어요" en: "I want to go swimming in the ocean" notes: "-고 싶어요 = want to. 에서 marks where the action happens." - ko: "저는 해변에 가고 싶어요" en: "I want to go to the beach" notes: "에 marks the destination of 가다." - ko: "골프를 치고 있었는데 갑자기 소나기가 왔어요" en: "I was playing golf, and then suddenly it started to shower" notes: |치다 here means "to play (golf)", not "to strike (lightning)". Context decides the meaning.
-는데 sets up the background, then the new event follows ("and then").
- ko: "내일 기온이 30도까지 올라갈 거에요" en: "The temperature tomorrow is going to go up to 30 degrees" notes: "Standard spelling is 거예요; 거에요 is a common informal spelling and is kept as in the pool. 까지 = up to." - ko: "다음 주까지 폭염이 예상됩니다" en: "A heat wave is expected until next week" notes: |"(to last)" is implied: the heat wave is expected to continue until next week.
예상되다 = to be expected. -ㅂ니다 is the formal style used in weather forecasts and news.
- ko: "이 방은 냉방 중이다" en: "This room is being air conditioned" notes: "-중이다 = in the middle of (doing). The plain -이다 ending is typical on signs and notices." - ko: "한국에서는 장마가 7월에 있어요" en: "There is a rainy season in Korea in July" notes: "에서는 = 'in (as for)', adds a topic feel. 있어요 = there is / exists." - ko: "장마가 다음 주부터 시작될 거에요" en: "The rainy season will start from next week" notes: "시작되다 = to begin (by itself). 부터 = from." - ko: "날씨가 좋아서 밖에 가고 싶어요" en: "I want to go outside because the weather is nice" notes: "밖 = outside. -아/어서 = because." - ko: "더워서 에어컨을 틀고 싶어요" en: "I want to turn the air conditioner on because it is hot" notes: "틀다 is the verb for turning on an air conditioner/heater." - ko: "더운 날씨가 괜찮은데 습한 날씨가 싫어요" en: "Hot weather is okay, but I don't like humid weather" notes: "-ㄴ/은데 here sets up a contrast ('but'). 싫어요 = dislike." - ko: "여름에는 해가 일찍 떠요" en: "In the summer, the sun rises early" notes: "뜨다 = for the sun to rise." - ko: "여름에는 해가 늦게 져요" en: "In the summer, the sun sets late" notes: "지다 = for the sun to set." - ko: "날씨가 더워서 물을 많이 마셔야 해요" en: "You must drink lots of water because it is hot" notes: "-아/어야 해요 = must / have to. The subject 'you' is implied." - ko: "피부를 보호하기 위해 여름에는 자외선 차단제를 발라야 돼요" en: "In order to protect your skin, you need to apply sun screen in the summer" notes: "바르다 is a 르 irregular verb (발라). -기 위해 = in order to. 돼요 and 해요 are interchangeable after -아/어야." fall_weather: - ko: "단풍이 예뻐요" en: "The autumn leaves are pretty" notes: "단풍 refers to the leaves changing color in autumn (the changing of the color of the leaves)." - ko: "낙엽 때문에 산길이 미끄러워요" en: "The path is slippery because of the fallen leaves" notes: |산길 = mountain path ("(mountain)" path).
미끄럽다 is a ㅂ irregular adjective (미끄러워요). 때문에 = because of (after a noun).
- ko: "날씨가 서늘해요" en: "The weather is cool" notes: "서늘하다 is a pleasant, fresh coolness. See also 쌀쌀하다 (chilly)." - ko: "날씨가 쌀쌀해요" en: "The weather is chilly" notes: "쌀쌀하다 is colder than 서늘하다 and feels a bit uncomfortable, but it is not as cold as 춥다." - ko: "하늘이 매우 맑아요" en: "The sky is very clear" notes: "매우 = very (slightly more formal than 아주)." - ko: "가을에는 낙엽이 많이 떨어져요" en: "In the fall, a lot of leaves fall to the ground" notes: "떨어지다 = to fall (drop)." - ko: "가을에는 곡식을 수확해요" en: "Grains are harvested in the fall" notes: "The Korean sentence is active ('(people) harvest grain'); the English is passive." - ko: "다음 주에 태풍이 올 거에요" en: "There will be a typhoon next week" notes: "Literally 'a typhoon will come'. 오다 is used for storms arriving." - ko: "가을에는 일교차가 크기 때문에 겉옷을 항상 준비해야 해요" en: "You should always prepare outer clothes in the fall because the temperature can be very different from morning to night" notes: |겉옷 = outer clothes (like a jacket). 일교차 = the difference in temperature within a day.
-기 때문에 = because (verb/adjective). 항상 = always.
- ko: "가을에는 날씨가 매우 건조해서 산불이 많이 나요" en: "Forest fires happen a lot in fall because the weather is very dry" notes: "불이 나다 = for a fire to break out. 나다 is used for things that appear or occur (fire, smell, noise)." winter_weather: - ko: "날씨가 추워요" en: "The weather is cold" notes: "춥다 is a ㅂ irregular adjective (추워요)." - ko: "눈이 왔어요" en: "It snowed" notes: "Mainly past tense. The pool also lists 'It's snowing'; for a plain present use 눈이 와요." - ko: "눈이 와요" en: "It's snowing" notes: "Present tense." - ko: "눈이 많이 쌓였어요" en: "A lot of snow piled up" notes: "The pool had the typo 싸였어요; the correct form is 쌓였어요 (past of 쌓이다)." - ko: "얼음 때문에 길이 미끄러워요" en: "The road is slippery because of the ice" notes: "얼음 = ice. 길 = road/path/way." - ko: "눈을 치워야 돼요" en: "We have to clear the snow" notes: "치우다 = to clear away/remove (not the same as 치다). The subject 'we/you' is implied." - ko: "이 방은 난방 중이다" en: "This room is being heated" notes: "Typically seen on signs: the heater is on, so please close the door. See the notes for 난방." - ko: "소금을 뿌려야 돼요" en: "We have to throw salt on the ground" notes: "뿌리다 = to sprinkle/scatter. Salt is spread to melt the ice." - ko: "저는 추운 날씨를 좋아해요" en: "I like cold weather" notes: "추운 is the modifier form of 춥다 (ㅂ irregular)." - ko: "저는 걷다가 길이 미끄러워서 넘어졌어요" en: "I was walking and then fell because the road was slippery" notes: "-다가 = while doing X, something interrupts. 넘어지다 = to fall over." - ko: "눈이 쌓이고 있어요" en: "The snow is piling up" notes: "The word 쌓이다 is used when it snows but the snow doesn't go away, and it continues to pile up more and more.
" - ko: "겨울에 한국 사람들이 문을 왜 안 닫는지 이해가 안 돼요" en: "I don't understand why Korean people don't close the door in the winter" notes: "-는지 = embedded 'why/whether' question. 이해가 안 돼요 = I can't understand / it doesn't make sense to me." spring_weather: - ko: "꽃이 피고 있어요" en: "The flowers are blooming" notes: "피다 = for a flower to bloom. -고 있다 = ongoing." - ko: "눈이 다 녹았어요" en: "The snow is all melted" notes: "녹다 = to melt. The past tense expresses the resulting state ('has melted')." - ko: "날씨가 따듯해지고 있어요" en: "The weather is getting warmer" notes: "-아/어지다 = to become. 따듯하다 is a variant spelling of 따뜻하다." - ko: "한국에는 황사가 중국에서 봄마다 와요" en: "Yellow dust comes to Korea every spring from China" notes: "-마다 = every. 봄마다 = every spring." - ko: "봄에는 꽃가루 알레르기를 조심해야 해요" en: "You need to be careful about pollen allergies in the spring" notes: "꽃가루 = pollen (flower + powder). 조심하다 = to be careful." - ko: "황사를 피하기 위해 마스크를 써야 해요" en: "You should wear a mask to avoid the yellow dust" notes: "The pool translation adds 'in the spring', which is implied by context. 쓰다 = to wear (mask, hat, glasses)." - ko: "오늘 황사가 심해서 밖에 나가면 안 돼요" en: "You shouldn't go outside today because the yellow dust is bad" notes: "-(으)면 안 돼요 = must not. 심하다 = severe/bad." storms: - ko: "저는 우산을 안 가져왔어요" en: "I didn't bring an umbrella" notes: "가져오다 = to bring (take something and come)." - ko: "우산을 씌워 주세요" en: "Put the umbrella over me" notes: "씌우다 is the causative of 쓰다: to hold/put (an umbrella) over someone. 우산을 쓰다 = to use an umbrella yourself." - ko: "저는 천둥 치는 소리를 들었어요" en: "I heard thunder" notes: |Literally "I heard the sound of thunder striking". 듣다 is a ㄷ irregular verb (들었어요).
- ko: "비옷을 사야겠어요" en: "I'll have to buy a rain jacket" notes: "-아/어야겠다 = I'll have to / I'd better (a decision made on the spot)." general: - ko: "기후변화 때문에 바다 해수면이 높아지고 있어요" en: "The sea level is rising because of climate change" notes: "해수면 = sea level. 높아지다 = to become higher." - ko: "캐나다에서는 공기가 건조해요" en: "The air in Canada is dry" notes: "건조하다 = dry (air, weather)." - ko: "바람이 심하게 불어요" en: "The wind is blowing hard" notes: "심하게 = severely/hard. 불다 = for wind to blow." - ko: "날씨가 좀 추워졌어요" en: "The weather got a little bit cold" notes: "좀 = a little. -아/어지다 (past) = became." - ko: "날씨는 주말에 추워졌어" en: "The weather got cold over the weekend" notes: "Casual speech (반말), with no 요. 는 marks the topic (the weather, in contrast to other things)." - ko: "구름이 그쳤어요" en: "The clouds cleared up" notes: "Kept as given in the pool. 그치다 normally describes rain/snow stopping (비가 그쳤어요); for clouds clearing, 구름이 걷혔어요 is more natural." - ko: "가뭄 때문에 물을 아껴 써야 돼요" en: "We need to conserve water because of the drought" notes: "아껴 쓰다 = to use sparingly / save." --- # (Theme) Unit 1: #5 – Weather ## Introduction The easiest fall-back conversation topic when you have nothing to talk about! Everybody loves talking about the weather, especially when it is bad! Below is a list of vocabulary you may find useful when talking about the weather in Korean. ## Vocabulary