---
vocabulary:
nouns:
- ko: 기계
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8.mp3
en: machine
examples:
- ko: 그 **기계**는 너무 무거워요
en: That **machine** is very heavy
- ko: "**회사**는 **기계**를 대체했어"
en: The company replaced the **machine**
- ko: 대학교
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-1.mp3
en: college, university
notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "대학꾜"
examples:
- ko: 저는 서울**대학교**를 다녀요
en: I go to (attend) Seoul **University**
- ko: 한국에서 **대학교**는 고등학교보다 덜 어려워요
en: In Korea, **University** is not as hard as high school
- ko: "어느 **대학교**를 다녀요?"
en: Which **university** do you go to?
- ko: "어느 **대학교**를 졸업했어요?"
en: Which **university** did you graduate from?
- ko: 저는 10년 전에 서울**대학교**를 졸업했어요
en: I graduated from Seoul **University** 10 years ago
- ko: "**대학교**에 가고 싶다면 열심히 공부해야 해요"
en: If you want to go to **university**, you have to study hard
- ko: 아들이 **대학교**를 졸업해서 우리는 축하를 해야 돼요
en: Now that our son has graduated from **University**, we need to congratulate him
- ko: 원래 대학교에 갈 계획이 있었지만 수능을 잘 못 봐서 대학교에 갈 수 없었어요
en: I had plans to go to **university**, but I couldn't get in because I did poorly on the SAT test
- ko: 트럭
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-2.mp3
en: truck
notes: Korean pronunciation of the English word "truck"
examples:
- ko: 그 고속도로에서 **트럭**을 운전해서는 안 돼요
en: You must not drive a **truck** on that highway
- ko: 검은색
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-3.mp3
en: (the color) black
notes: |
This is a combination of the adjective "검다" (black) and "색" (color). Put together, the word is a noun that means "the color black," but is often placed before nouns to describe them (like an adjective) anyways. Therefore, you can often see this (and other words of color) used before a noun to describe it and also at the end of a sentence (attached to 이다).
When Korean people describe something by color in English, they will often say something like "I like the black-colored shirt." This is the result of them directly translating "검은색 셔츠," whereas in English we would just say "black shirt."
examples:
- ko: 저의 차는 **검은색**이에요
en: My car is **black**
- ko: 저는 **검은색** 차를 좋아해요
en: I like **black** cars
- ko: 흰색
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson8vocab-white.mp3
en: (the color) white
notes: See "black" above. 흰색 is a combination of "희다" and "색"
examples:
- ko: "**흰색** 셔츠를 입은 여자가 예뻐요"
en: The girl wearing the **white** shirt is pretty
- ko: "**흰색** 구두를 신고 있다"
en: I am wearing **white** shoes/boots
- ko: 음료수
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-4.mp3
en: beverage, drink
notes: |
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "음뇨수"
This is commonly used to refer to drinks like Coke, cider (which is similar to Sprite) and other carbonated beverages.
examples:
- ko: "**음료수**를 주문할래요?"
en: Shall we order some **drinks**?
- ko: 이 뷔페가격은 **음료수**를 포함해요
en: This buffet price includes **drinks**
- ko: 외국
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-5.mp3
en: foreign country
examples:
- ko: 저는 1년 동안 영어를 **외국**에서 공부했어요
en: I studied English in a **foreign country** for 1 year
- ko: 저는 2년 동안 **외국**에서 살았어요
en: I lived in a **foreign country** for 2 years
- ko: 외국인
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-6.mp3
en: foreigner
notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "외구긴"
examples:
- ko: 의정부에서 **외국인**이 많아요
en: There are a lot of **foreigners** in Uijeongbu
- ko: 고등학교
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-7.mp3
en: high school
notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "고등학꾜"
examples:
- ko: 저는 **고등학교**를 다니고 있어요
en: I am attending a **high school**
- ko: 우리 딸은 그 **고등학교**를 다녀요
en: Our daughter attends that **high school**
- ko: 한국에서 대학교는 **고등학교**보다 덜 어려워요
en: In Korea, University is not as hard as **high school**
- ko: "중학교 또는 **고등학교**를 다녀요?"
en: Do you go to middle school or **high school**?
- ko: "**고등학교**는 한국에서 어려워요"
en: "**High school** is difficult in Korea"
- ko: 그 선생님은 국립**고등학교**에서 일하셔요
en: That teacher works at a public **(high) school**
- ko: 도서관
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-9.mp3
en: library
examples:
- ko: 저는 **도서관**에 어제 갔어요
en: I went to the **library** yesterday
- ko: "**도서관**이 조용해서 거기서 공부하고 싶어요"
en: I want to study at the **library** because it is quiet
- ko: "내일 **도서관**에 갈까?"
en: Shall we go to the **library** tomorrow?
- ko: 곳
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-32.mp3
en: place
examples:
- ko: "그**곳**에 사람이 없어요"
en: There are no people at that **place**
- ko: 저는 제가 자주 가는 **곳**에 가고 있어요
en: I am going to the **place** I often go to
- ko: 여기가 내가 근무하던 **곳**이야
en: This place (here) is the **place** that I worked
- ko: 우리가 지난 번에 먹었던 **곳**에서 먹고 싶어요
en: I want to eat at the **place** that we ate at last time
- ko: 이**곳**에 근무하던 우체국 직원이 삶을 영원히 포기했어요
en: The worker/employee who used to work at **this** post-office gave up on his life forever
- ko: 하지만 펭귄이 있는 **곳**은 동물원 입구에서 멀다고 하니 아빠와 나는 우선 다른 동물들을 먼저 봤다
en: But (because) the **place** the penguins are was said to be far from the zoo entrance, so Dad and I saw other animals first
- ko: 동시
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lesson-8-12.mp3
en: same time
examples:
- ko: 모든 학생들은 **동시**에 교실에서 나왔어요
en: All the students came out of the classroom at the **same time**
- ko: 대학교 때 **동시**에 여자 친구가 두 명 있었어요
en: I had two girlfriends at the **same time** during university
- ko: 인터넷으로 **동시**에 수백 개의 물품을 사서는 안 돼요
en: You shouldn't buy hundreds of items from the internet at the **same time**
- ko: 이 프로그램이 10개의 나라에서 **동시**에 방송되고 있다
en: This program is being broadcasted in 10 countries **simultaneously**
- ko: 사랑, 성공, 명예 모두를 **동시**에 성취하는 일은 쉽지 않아서 우선순위를 정하는 게 중요해요
en: It is not easy to achieve love, success and honor all at the **same time**, so it is important to prioritize them
- ko: 밤
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-33.mp3
en: night
notes: |
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.
examples:
- ko: "오늘 **밤**에 뭐 할 거예요?"
en: What are you doing to**night**?
- ko: 저는 아침부터 **밤**까지 공부만 했어요
en: From morning to **night**, I only studied
- ko: 저는 **밤**에만 운동해요
en: I exercise only at **night**
- ko: "오늘 **밤**에 뭐 하고 싶어요?"
en: What do you want to do **tonight**?
- ko: 어젯밤
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-34.mp3
en: last night
notes: |
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "어제빰"
When two nouns are combined together to make one noun, and the first noun does not end in a consonant, the consonant 'ㅅ' is added purely for ease of pronunciation.
examples:
- ko: 우리는 **어젯밤**에 밥을 많이 먹었어요
en: We ate a lot **last night**
- ko: 저는 **어젯밤**에 잘 잤어요
en: I slept well **last night**
- ko: 저는 **어젯밤**에 이상한 꿈을 꿨어요
en: I had a strange dream **last night**
- ko: 낮
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-37.mp3
en: daytime
notes: |
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "낟"
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.
examples:
- ko: 그 사람은 일을 안 하고 **낮**에 잠을 자기만 해요
en: That person doesn't work and just sleeps **during the day**
- ko: 저는 커피를 **낮**에만 마셔요
en: I drink coffee only during **the day**
- ko: 동
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson8vocab-east.mp3
en: East
examples:
- ko: 토론토는 **동양**시장이 많아요
en: Toronto has a lot of **Eastern** (Oriental) markets
- ko: 남
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-38.mp3
en: South
examples:
- ko: 부산은 한국 **남**쪽에 있어요
en: Busan is in the **south** of Korea
- ko: 서
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson8vocab-west.mp3
en: West
examples:
- ko: "**서양사람들**은 동양사람들과 달라요"
en: "**Western** people are different than Eastern people"
- ko: 북
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-39.mp3
en: North
examples:
- ko: 의정부는 서울 **북**쪽에 있어요
en: Uijeongbu is **north** of Seoul
verbs:
- ko: 놀다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-10.mp3
en: to play
notes: |
놀다 follows the ㄹ irregular
Although "playing" is usually reserved for kids in English, adults in Korean will also say that they "play" with friends. This typically means that they met and had a good time.
~아/어: 놀아, ~ㄴ/은: 논, ~ㄴ/는다: 논다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 놉니다, ~ㄹ/을: 놀, ~니: 노니, ~ㅁ/음: 놈, ~(으)려고: 놀려고, ~(으)시: 노시, ~(으)면: 놀면, ~(으)니: 노니
examples:
- ko: 저는 어제 친구랑 **놀았어요**
en: I **played** with a friend yesterday
- ko: 아이들은 나무 주위에서 **놀**고 있어요
en: The children are **playing** around the tree
- ko: 저는 보통 친구들과 시내에서 **놀아요**
en: I usually **play with** (**meet**) my friends downtown
- ko: 쓰다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-11.mp3
en: to use
notes: |
쓰다 follows the ㅡ irregular
사용하다 is another common way to say "use"
~아/어: 써, ~ㄴ/은: 쓴, ~ㄴ/는다: 쓴다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 씁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 쓸, ~니: 쓰니, ~ㅁ/음: 씀, ~(으)려고: 쓰려고, ~(으)시: 쓰시, ~(으)면: 쓰면, ~(으)니: 쓰니
examples:
- ko: 제가 이것을 **써**도 돼요?
en: May I **use** this?
- ko: 한국 사람들은 밥을 먹을 때 **젓가락**을 써요
en: Korean people **use** chopsticks when they eat
- ko: 가뭄 때문에 물을 아껴 **써야** 돼요
en: We need to **save**/conserve water because of the drought
- ko: 요즘에는 사람들이 수표를 안 **써요**
en: These days, people don't **use** cheques
- ko: 그 쿠폰을 VIPS에서도 **쓸** 수 있어요?
en: Can you **use** that coupon at VIPS too?
- ko: 저 컴퓨터가 고장이 나서 다른 컴퓨터를 **써야** 됩니다
en: You have to **use** another computer because that one is broken
- ko: 중국 사람들은 소금을 뿌리는 것 대신에 음식에 간장을 **써요**
en: Instead of using salt, Chinese people **put/use** soy sauce on their food
- ko: 우리가 벌써 6월에 **쓸** 수 있는 인터넷 용량 제한을 넘었어요
en: We already went over the data/space limit (data cap) that we can **use** for June
- ko: 친구들끼리는 반말을 쓰고, 어른들과 대화를 할 때는 존댓말을 **써요**
en: Use informal/casual speech among friends, and when conversing with adults, **use** formal speech
- ko: 쓰다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-11.mp3
en: to write
notes: |
~아/어: 써, ~ㄴ/은: 쓴, ~ㄴ/는다: 쓴다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 씁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 쓸, ~니: 쓰니, ~ㅁ/음: 씀, ~(으)려고: 쓰려고, ~(으)시: 쓰시, ~(으)면: 쓰면, ~(으)니: 쓰니
examples:
- ko: 저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 편지를 **썼어요**
en: I **wrote** a letter for my girlfriend
- ko: 저는 부장님을 위해서 이것을 **썼어요**
en: I **wrote** this for my boss
- ko: 저는 여자친구를 위해 편지를 **쓰**고 싶어요
en: I want to **write** a letter for my girlfriend
- ko: 저는 펜으로 **쓰**고 싶어요
en: I want to **write** with a pen
- ko: 그는 손등에 뭔가를 **썼어요**
en: He **wrote** something on the back of his hand
- ko: 실수하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Lesson8-14.mp3
en: to make a mistake
notes: |
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "실쑤하다"
The noun form of this word ("실수") translates to "a mistake"
By adding "~하다" you can say "to make a mistake"
examples:
- ko: 범죄자는 그의 **실수**를 인정했어요
en: The criminal acknowledged his **mistakes**
- ko: 제 행동은 **실수**인 것을 깨달았어요
en: I realized that my actions (what I did) is/was a **mistake**
- ko: 수리하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Lesson8-15.mp3
en: to repair
examples:
- ko: 그는 고장 난 컴퓨터를 **수리했어요**
en: He **repaired** the broken computer
- ko: 복사기를 **수리해야** 되었어요
en: We had to **repair** the photocopier
- ko: 집주인이 물이 흘러나올까 봐 지붕을 **수리했어요**
en: The landlord was worried that water would flow in, so he **fixed up** (**repaired**) the roof
- ko: 잡다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-15.mp3
en: to catch, to grab, to grasp
notes: |
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "잡따"
~아/어: 잡아, ~ㄴ/은: 잡은, ~ㄴ/는다: 잡는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잡습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잡을, ~니: 잡으니, ~ㅁ/음: 잡음, ~(으)려고: 잡으려고, ~(으)시: 잡으시, ~(으)면: 잡으면, ~(으)니: 잡으니
examples:
- ko: 저는 공을 **잡았어요**
en: I **caught** the ball
- ko: 그는 직업을 바꿀 수 있는 기회를 **잡았어요**
en: He **seized** the opportunity to change jobs
- ko: 읽다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-16.mp3
en: to read
notes: |
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "익따"
~아/어: 읽어, ~ㄴ/은: 읽은, ~ㄴ/는다: 읽는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 읽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 읽을, ~니: 읽으니, ~ㅁ/음: 읽음, ~(으)려고: 읽으려고, ~(으)시: 읽으시, ~(으)면: 읽으면, ~(으)니: 읽으니
examples:
- ko: 저는 이제 더 **읽**기 싫어요
en: I don't want to **read** anymore
- ko: 저는 그 책을 **읽**고 싶어요
en: I want to **read** that book
- ko: 저는 1년에 책 열 권을 **읽**을 수 있어요
en: I can **read** ten books in one year
- ko: "어떤 소설을 **읽**고 있어요?"
en: Which novel are you **reading**?
- ko: 내다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-17.mp3
en: to pay for
notes: |
내다 can have many other meanings. See Lesson 14 for more information.
~아/어: 내, ~ㄴ/은: 낸, ~ㄴ/는다: 낸다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 냅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 낼, ~니: 내니, ~ㅁ/음: 냄, ~(으)려고: 내려고, ~(으)시: 내시, ~(으)면: 내면, ~(으)니: 내니
examples:
- ko: 이번에 제가 **낼 거예요**
en: I will **pay** this time
- ko: 아빠가 돈을 이미 **낸** 것 같아요
en: It seems like dad already **paid**
- ko: 우리가 청구서를 늦게라도 낼 거예요
en: We are going to **pay** the bill, even if it is a little late
- ko: 받다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lesson-8-28.mp3
en: to get, to receive, to acquire
notes: |
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "받따"
See Lesson 14 for more information
~아/어: 받아, ~ㄴ/은: 받은, ~ㄴ/는다: 받는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 받습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 받을, ~니: 받으니, ~ㅁ/음: 받음, ~(으)려고: 받으려고, ~(으)시: 받으시, ~(으)면: 받으면, ~(으)니: 받으니
examples:
- ko: 제가 보낸 돈을 **받았어요**?
en: Did you **get** the money that I sent?
- ko: 저는 **돈**을 받았어요
en: I **received** money
- ko: 저는 저의 여자친구에게서 편지를 **받았어요**
en: I **received** a letter from my girlfriend
- ko: 그 문제에 관해 연수를 **받았어요**
en: We/I **received** training about that problem
- ko: 저는 당신의 말에 감동 **받았어요**
en: I was **impressed** with what you said
- ko: 저는 그 사람이 저에게 줄 선물을 **받**고 싶지 않아요
en: I don't want to **accept** the gift that that person will give me
- ko: 만약 제가 선생님이라면 학생들에게 존경을 **받**고 싶을 거예요
en: If I were a teacher, I would want to be **respected** by students
- ko: 도착하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-20.mp3
en: to arrive
notes: |
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "도차카다"
~해: 도착해, ~ㄴ/은: 도착한, ~ㄴ/는다: 도착한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 도착합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 도착할, ~니: 도착하니, ~ㅁ/음: 도착함, ~(으)려고: 도착하려고, ~(으)시: 도착하시, ~(으)면: 도착하면, ~(으)니: 도착하니
examples:
- ko: 우리가 목적지에 거의 **도착했어요**
en: We have almost **arrived** at our destination
- ko: 우리가 내일 **도착할** 예정이에요
en: We are scheduled to **arrive** tomorrow
- ko: 저는 학교에 **도착했어요**
en: I **arrived** at school
- ko: 저는 8월 15일에 **도착할 거예요**
en: I will **arrive** on August 15th
- ko: 여행하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Lesson8-21.mp3
en: to travel
notes: |
The noun form of this word ("여행") translates to "a trip"
examples:
- ko: 저는 6개월 동안 **여행했어요**
en: I **traveled** for 6 months
- ko: 저는 하루 동안 **여행했어요**
en: I **traveled** for 1 day
- ko: "**여행**했을 때 사진을 많이 찍었어요"
en: When I **traveled**, I took a lot of pictures
- ko: 그 **여행**은 길게 느껴졌어요
en: That **trip** felt like a long time
- ko: 저는 한국 어디나 **여행하**고 싶어요
en: I want to **travel** everywhere in Korea
- ko: "가장 **여행하**고 싶은 나라는 뭐에요?"
en: What country do you want to **travel** to the most?
- ko: "**여행할** 때 옷을 많이 챙길 필요가 없어요"
en: I don't need to pack a lot of clothes when I **travel**
adjectives:
- ko: 완벽하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-21.mp3
en: to be perfect
notes: |
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "완벼카다"
The noun form of this word "완벽" translates to "perfection"
examples:
- ko: 그녀는 **완벽한** 선생님이에요
en: She is a **perfect** teacher
- ko: 그 단어로 **완벽한** 문장을 만들어 주세요
en: Make a **perfect/complete** sentence using that word, please
- ko: 그것은 **완벽한** 식사였습니다
en: That was a **perfect** meal
- ko: 저의 여자 친구가 **완벽해**서 저는 그녀를 사랑해요
en: I love my girlfriend because she is **perfect**
- ko: 아프다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson8vocab-sick.mp3
en: to be sick, to be sore
notes: |
This is used to indicate that you are sick (with a cold or something similar), and to indicate that a part of your body is sore.
~아/어: 아파, ~ㄴ/은: 아픈, ~ㅂ/습니다: 아픕니다, ~ㄹ/을: 아플, ~니: 아프니, ~ㅁ/음: 아픔, ~(으)려고: 아프려고, ~(으)시: 아프시, ~(으)면: 아프면, ~(으)니: 아프니
examples:
- ko: 어제 운동을 해서 오늘 저의 팔이 **아파요**
en: my arms are **sore** because I exercised yesterday
- ko: 제가 너무 **아파**서 많이 먹을 수 없어요
en: I can't eat much because I am very **sick**
- ko: "**목**이 **아파요**"
en: I have a **sore** throat
- ko: 저의 몸이 너무 **아파**서 못 가요
en: I can't go because my body is so **sore**
- ko: 저는 너무 많이 걸어서 지금 발이 **아파요**
en: My feet are **sore** because I walked so much
- ko: 할머니는 어제 **아파**서 입원했어요
en: Grandma checked into the hospital yesterday because she was **sick**
- ko: 똑똑하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-22.mp3
en: to be smart
examples:
- ko: 우리 학교에는 **똑똑한** 학생들이 많아요
en: There are a lot of **smart** students at our school
- ko: 그 사람은 착하고 **똑똑해요**
en: That person is kind and **smart**
- ko: 여자들이 예뻐도 **똑똑하**지 않으면 매력이 없어요
en: Regardless of how pretty girls are, if they are not **smart,** they have no charm
- ko: 선생님들은 학생들보다 더 **똑똑해요**
en: Teachers are **smarter** than students
- ko: 저는 **똑똑한** 여자들만 좋아해요
en: I only like **smart** girls
- ko: 공부하지 않는 학생들은 **똑똑하지** 않아요
en: Students who do not study are not **smart**
- ko: 저는 저의 남동생보다 훨씬 **똑똑해요**
en: I am way/much **smarter** than my brother
- ko: 중요하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-23.mp3
en: to be important
examples:
- ko: 그 개념은 **중요하**지 않아요
en: That concept is not **important**
- ko: 가족은 가장 **중요해요**
en: Family is the most **important**
- ko: "**학생들한테** 영어회화는 **중요하**지 않아요"
en: English conversation isn't **important** to Korean students
- ko: 학생들이 영어를 배우는 것은 **중요해요**
en: It is **important** for students to learn English
- ko: 이 문제는 시민보건에 아주 **중요한** 것 같아요
en: That problem is probably very **important** to the health of the citizens
- ko: 젊다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-24.mp3
en: to be young
notes: |
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "점따"
~아/어: 젊어, ~ㄴ/은: 젊은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 젊습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 젊을, ~니: 젊으니, ~ㅁ/음: 젊음, ~(으)려고: 젊으려고, ~(으)시: 젊으시, ~(으)면: 젊으면, ~(으)니: 젊으니
examples:
- ko: 그녀는 다른 사람보다 **젊**어 보여요
en: She looks **younger** than other people
- ko: 늙다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-25.mp3
en: to be old
notes: |
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "늑따"
This is typically only used when somebody is actually old, not when somebody is comparatively older than somebody else.
~아/어: 늙어, ~ㄴ/은: 늙은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 늙습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 늙을, ~니: 늙으니, ~ㅁ/음: 늙음, ~(으)려고: 늙으려고, ~(으)시: 늙으시, ~(으)면: 늙으면, ~(으)니: 늙으니
examples:
- ko: "**늙**은 아주머니는 넘어졌어요"
en: The **old** lady fell over
- ko: 나쁘다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Lesson8vocabbad.mp3
en: to be bad
notes: |
나쁘다 follows the ㅡ irregular
~아/어: 나빠, ~ㄴ/은: 나쁜, ~ㅂ/습니다: 나쁩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 나쁠, ~니: 나쁘니, ~ㅁ/음: 나쁨, ~(으)려고: 나쁘려고, ~(으)시: 나쁘시, ~(으)면: 나쁘면, ~(으)니: 나쁘니
examples:
- ko: 그것은 건강에 **나빠요**
en: That is **bad** for your health
- ko: 그 사람의 상황은 **나빠요**
en: That person's situation is **not good**
- ko: 그 학생의 태도가 **나빠요**
en: That student's attitude is **bad**
- ko: 담배는 건강에 **나빠요**
en: Cigarettes are **bad** for your health (unhealthy)
- ko: 공기가 **나빠**서 저는 숨을 못 쉬어요
en: I can't breathe because the air is **bad**
- ko: "**나쁜** 소식이 있어요"
en: There is some **bad** news
- ko: "그 **나쁜** 짓을 왜 했어요?"
en: Why did you do that (**bad** action)?
- ko: 친구는 **나쁜** 학교에 가고 있어요
en: My friend is going to the **bad** school
adverbs:
- ko: 바로
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-28.mp3
en: immediately
notes: |
바로 can be used to indicate that something happens immediately (in terms of time) or that something is "immediately" close to something (in terms of space).
examples:
- ko: 저는 **바로** 갔어요
en: I left **immediately**
- ko: 우리는 집에 와서 **바로** 잤어요
en: We came home and went to sleep **immediately**
- ko: 저는 책을 읽고 **바로** 잤어요
en: I read the book and then slept **immediately**
- ko: 은행이 학교 **바로** 옆에 있어요
en: The bank is **right (immediately)** next to the school
- ko: 즉시
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-27.mp3
en: immediately
notes: |
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "즉씨"
즉시 can only be used to indicate that something happens immediately (in terms of time). It is less common than 바로.
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 4.
examples:
- ko: 저는 그 무서운 것을 보고 **즉시** 뛰어갔어요
en: I ran away **immediately** after I saw that scary thing
- ko: 빨리
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson8vocab-quickly.mp3
en: quickly/fast
notes: This is the adverb form of "빠르다"
examples:
- ko: "**빨리** 가자!"
en: Let's go **quickly**!
- ko: "왜 너무 **빨리** 먹었어요?"
en: Why did you eat so **fast**?
- ko: 저는 너무 **빨리** 먹었어요
en: I ate really **fast**
- ko: 열심히 공부한 후에 실력은 **빨리** 늘었어요
en: After studying hard, my skills have been increasing **quickly**
- ko: 저는 어젯밤에 잠이 **빨리** 들었어요
en: Last night I fell asleep **quickly**
- ko: 우리 엄마는 집에 와서 **빨리** 요리했습니다
en: Our/my mom came home and **quickly** cooked
- ko: 자주
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-29.mp3
en: often
examples:
- ko: 저는 서울에 **자주** 가요
en: I go to Seoul **often**
- ko: "한국어를 얼마나 **자주** 공부해요?"
en: How **often** do you study Korean?
- ko: 저의 할머니가 여기에 **자주** 안 오셔요
en: My grandmother doesn't come here **often**
- ko: 저는 저의 친구를 **자주** 만나요
en: I meet my friend **often**
- ko: "여자 친구를 얼마나 **자주** 만나요?"
en: How **often** do you meet your girlfriend?
- ko: 저는 **자주** 옷을 충동적으로 사요
en: I **often** buy clothes impulsively
- ko: 가끔
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-30.mp3
en: sometimes
notes: |
In English, we would never say "very sometimes," but in Korean "아주 가끔" is commonly used to stress that something happens "only sometimes."
examples:
- ko: 저는 서울에 **가끔** 가요
en: I go to Seoul **sometimes**
- ko: 저는 **가끔** 너무 많이 먹어요
en: I eat too much **sometimes**
- ko: 많이
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-31.mp3
en: many/a lot of
notes: |
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "마니"
This is the adverb form of "많다"
examples:
- ko: 저는 저의 여자 친구에게 선물을 **많이** 줬어요
en: I gave my girlfriend **a lot of** presents
- ko: 저는 밥을 **많이** 먹었어요
en: I ate **a lot** **of** rice
- ko: 저는 야채를 **많이** 먹겠습니다
en: I will eat **a lot** **of** vegetables
- ko: 우리는 이번 시간에 **많이** 배웠어
en: We learned **a lot** this time
- ko: 저는 친구들로부터 사랑을 **많이** 받았어요
en: I received **a lot of** love from friends
- ko: 저의 친구의 한국어 실력이 **많이** 늘었어요
en: My friend's Korean (skills) **really** increased/got better
- ko: "돈을 얼마나 **많이** 가져갈 거예요?"
en: How **much** money will you bring?
- ko: 방금
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson8vocab-amoment.mp3
en: a moment ago
examples:
- ko: 그는 **방금** 나갔어요
en: He **just** left
- ko: 저는 **방금** 뭔가(를) 봤어요
en: I just saw something **a minute ago**
- ko: "**방금** 들어온 사람은 우리 가게에 자주 오던 손님이야"
en: The person who **just** came in is a customer who comes to the store often
- ko: 갑자기
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson8vocab-suddenly.mp3
en: suddenly
notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "갑짜기"
examples:
- ko: 그 사람은 **갑자기** 밖에 나갔어요
en: That person **suddenly** went out
- ko: 맑던 하늘이 **갑자기** 어두워졌어요
en: The sky that I recall being clear until now **suddenly** became dark
- ko: 날씨가 춥다가 **갑자기** 더워졌어요
en: The weather was cold, and then **suddenly** became hot
- ko: 침실에서 자다가 **갑자기** 돌아가셨어요
en: While sleeping in the bedroom, he **suddenly** passed away
- ko: 사람이 **갑자기** 많이 와서 저는 그냥 비켜섰어요
en: "**All of a sudden** many people came, so I just stepped aside"
- ko: 그 사람의 얼굴이 기억 안 났지만 **갑자기** 제 꿈에 나타났어요
en: I had forgotten that person's face, but it **suddenly** appeared to me in my dream
- ko: 매년
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-35.mp3
en: every year
examples:
- ko: 저는 **매년** 한국에 가요
en: I go to Korea **every year**
- ko: "**매년** 여름, 이 지역에는 홍수가 나요"
en: A flood occurs **every** summer in this area
- ko: 그 대학교는 **매년** 교환학생 100명을 받아요
en: That university receives 100 exchange students **every year**
- ko: "**매년** 말에 한 해를 마무리하는 행사가 많아요"
en: There are a lot of events that close out the year at the end of **every year**
- ko: 한국의 교통비는 **매년** 오르고 있어요
en: Transportation fees (the fare for buses and subways) are going up **every year** in Korea
- ko: 건강검진을 받든지 안 받든지 **매년** 정부에 보험료를 내야 돼요
en: It doesn't matter if you get a health check **every year** or not, you need to pay insurance fees to the government every year
- ko: 다시
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-36.mp3
en: again
examples:
- ko: 저는 시험을 **다시** 봐야 될 것 같아요
en: I will probably have to write the exam **again**
- ko: 제가 어제 만난 사람은 저를 **다시** 만나고 싶어요
en: The person I met yesterday wants to meet me **again**
- ko: 저는 밥을 벌써 먹어서 **다시** 안 먹어도 돼요
en: I don't need to eat **again** because I already did
- ko: 혼자
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson8vocab-alone.mp3
en: alone
notes: '"혼자서" is often used as well'
examples:
- ko: 저는 **혼자** 살아요
en: I live **alone**
- ko: 저는 엄마가 밥을 왜 **혼자** 먹은지 몰라요
en: I don't know why mom ate **by herself** (**alone**)
- ko: 우리 아들은 자기 일을 항상 **혼자** 하고 싶어요
en: Our son always wants to do his work **alone**
- ko: 저는 운동을 **혼자** 할 수 있어요
en: I can exercise **by myself**
- ko: 안
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-28.mp3
en: not
notes: |
안 is placed before a verb or adjective to turn it into a negative word. The meaning is synonymous to ~지 않다.
examples:
- ko: 그 여자는 **안** 아름다워요
en: That girl is **not** beautiful
- ko: 저는 마지막 것을 **안** 봤어요
en: I **didn't** see the last thing
- ko: 아침식사를 **안** 먹었어요
en: I **didn't** eat breakfast
- ko: 저는 술을 **안** 마시고 싶어요
en: I **don't** want to drink alcohol
- ko: 방학 동안 집에 **안** 갔습니까?
en: You **didn't** go home during vacation?
- ko: 소금을 많이 먹는 것은 건강에 **안** 좋아요
en: It is **not** healthy to eat a lot of salt
sentence:
when_and_where:
- notes: &ww-particle |
In the first sentence, “hospital” is the thing that you are building – so it is an object, which requires you to use the 을/를 particle.
In the second sentence, the hospital is the place in which you went to – so it is a place, which requires it to have the 에 particle.
ko: 저는 병원을 지었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-1I-built-a-hospital.mp3
en: I built a hospital
- notes: *ww-particle
ko: 저는 병원에 갔어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-2I-went-to-thea-hospital.mp3
en: I went to the/a hospital
- notes: *ww-particle
ko: 저는 병원을 공원 옆에 지었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/1-I-built-a-hospital.mp3
en: I built a hospital beside the park
- notes: *ww-particle
ko: 저는 화요일에 가겠어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2-I-will-go-on-Tuesday.mp3
en: I will go on Tuesday
- notes: *ww-particle
ko: 저는 저녁에 공부했어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/3-I-studied-in-the-evening.mp3
en: I studied in the evening
- notes: *ww-particle
ko: 저는 가을에 공원 옆에 병원을 지었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-3I-built-a-hospital-beside-the-park-in-the-fall.mp3
en: I built a hospital beside the park in the fall
- notes: |
The best part about Korean adverbs is that they can essentially be placed at any place in the sentence. The only place they cannot be placed is at the end of the sentence – because a sentence must always end in an adjective or verb. They could even be placed at the beginning of a sentence.
ko: 여름에 저는 공부하겠어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/5-I-will-study-in-the-summer.mp3
en: I will study in the summer
- notes: &ww-no-particle |
Korean people don’t add ~에 when using 오늘 (today), 내일 (tomorrow) and 어제 (yesterday)
ko: 저는 한국에 오늘 도착했어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-8-s1.mp3
en: I arrived in Korea today
- notes: *ww-no-particle
ko: 저는 도서관에 어제 갔어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-8-s2.mp3
en: I went to the library yesterday
- notes: *ww-no-particle
ko: 저는 내일 한국어를 공부하겠어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-6-I-will-study-Korean-tomorrow.mp3
en: I will study Korean tomorrow.
how_much:
- notes: &adverb |
When adding these types of adverbs to sentences, no particle needs to be attached.
While other adverbs are generally free to be placed anywhere in a sentence, adverbs like this that indicate a degree to which something is done are typically placed immediately before the verb.
ko: 저는 저의 친구를 자주 만나요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-4I-meet-my-friend-often.mp3
en: I meet my friend often
- notes: *adverb
ko: 저는 밥을 많이 먹었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-5I-ate-a-lot-of-food-rice.mp3
en: I ate a lot of food (rice)
- notes: *adverb
ko: 저는 집에 바로 갔어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-6I-went-home-immediately.mp3
en: I went home immediately
- notes: *adverb
ko: 저는 숙제를 빨리 했어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-7I-did-my-homework-quickly.mp3
en: I did my homework quickly
- notes: &a-lot |
많다/많이 essentially have the same meaning aside from the fact that one is an adverb and one is an adjective. Most of the time, the difference between the adjective and adverb form is very clear, but with 많이/많다, the meaning is similar.
ko: 저는 많은 밥을 먹었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-8I-ate-a-lot-of-rice.mp3
en: I ate a lot of rice
- notes: *a-lot
ko: 저는 밥을 많이 먹었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-9I-ate-a-lot-of-rice.mp3
en: I ate a lot of rice.
- ko: 저는 조용하게 먹었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-7-I-ate-quietly.mp3
en: I ate quietly
- ko: 저는 거리를 안전하게 건넜어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-8-I-crossed-the-street-safely.mp3
en: I crossed the street safely
- ko: 저는 행복하게 살았어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/9-I-lived-happily.mp3
en: I lived happily
- notes: &multiple-adverbs |
You can use more than one adverb in a sentence.
Though you can do that, using two adverbs that indicate the ‘degree of something’ is generally not done in Korean.
ko: 저는 매우 빨리 달렸어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-10-I-ran-really-quickly.mp3
en: I ran really quickly
- notes: *multiple-adverbs
ko: 저는 빨리 먹었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-11-I-ate-fast.mp3
en: I ate fast
- notes: *multiple-adverbs
ko: 저는 바로 떠났어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-12-I-left-immediately.mp3
en: I left immediately
- notes: *multiple-adverbs
ko: 저는 저의 친구를 목요일에 자주 만나요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-13-I-often-meet-my-friend-on-Thursday.mp3
en: I often meet my friend on Thursday
- notes: *multiple-adverbs
ko: 저는 가끔 너무 많이 먹어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-14-I-eat-too-much-someitmes.mp3
en: I eat too much sometimes
negative:
- notes: &neg-before |
There are two ways you can make a sentence negative:
1. By adding 안, which acts as an adverb in the sentence. 안 is typically placed immediately before the final verb or adjective.
ko: 그 여자는 안 예뻐요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-10That-girl-isnt-pretty.mp3
en: That girl isn’t pretty
- notes: *neg-before
ko: 저는 생선을 안 좋아해요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-21-I-dont-like-fish.mp3
en: I don’t like fish
- notes: *neg-before
ko: 저는 내일 학교에 안 가겠어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-19-Im-not-going-to-school-tomorrow.mp3
en: I’m not going to school tomorrow
- notes: &neg-final |
There are two ways you can make a sentence negative:
2. By adding ~지 않다 to the stem of the final verb or adjective. 않다 then becomes the verb or adjective in that sentence and must be conjugated accordingly.
ko: 그 여자는 예쁘지 않아요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-11That-girl-isnt-pretty.mp3
en: That girl isn’t pretty
- notes: *neg-final
ko: 저는 생선을 좋아하지 않아요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-22-I-dont-like-fish.mp3
en: I don’t like fish
- notes: *neg-final
ko: 저는 내일 학교에 가지 않겠어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-20-Im-not-going-to-school-tomorrow.mp3
en: I’m not going to school tomorrow
- notes:
- &neg-before-separator |
When indicating that one “does not do” a ~하다 verb, it is common to separate ~하다 from the noun and place “안” in between them.
- "Instead of: 저는 안 공부했어요"
ko: 저는 공부를 안 했어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent7.mp3
en: I didn’t study
- ko: 저는 실수를 안 했어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent8.mp3
en: I didn’t make (do) a mistake
notes:
- *neg-before-separator
- "Instead of: 저는 안 실수했어요"
- ko: 저는 여행을 안 했어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent.mp3
en: I didn’t travel
notes:
- *neg-before-separator
- "Instead of: 저는 안 여행했어요"
- notes: &neg-final-separator |
It would also be appropriate to use the ~지 않다 form with these words. However, in these cases, it doesn’t matter if the noun is separated from ~하다 or not.
ko: 저는 공부하지 않았어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-16-I-didnt-study.mp3
en: I didn’t study
- notes: *neg-final-separator
ko: 저는 공부를 하지 않았어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent2.mp3
en: I didn’t study
- notes: *neg-final-separator
ko: 저는 실수하지 않았어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent3.mp3
en: I didn’t make a mistake
- notes: *neg-final-separator
ko: 저는 실수를 하지 않았어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent4.mp3
en: I didn’t make a mistake
- notes: *neg-final-separator
ko: 저는 여행하지 않았어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent5.mp3
en: I didn’t travel
- notes: *neg-final-separator
ko: 저는 여행을 하지 않았어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent6.mp3
en: I didn’t travel
- notes: &neg-no-separator |
Many adjectives end in ~하다. It is unnatural to remove the ~하다 in these words and place “안” between them. You can’t separate an adjective and “act” on it with ~하다 because they are adjectives. For example, the following would be incorrect:
- 저는 행복을 안 해요 (This does not mean “I am not happy”)
However, you could use ~지 않다 on a -하다 adjective or place “안” before the word without separating it.
ko: 저는 안 행복해요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent1.mp3
en: I am not happy
- notes: *neg-no-separator
ko: 저는 행복하지 않아요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-18-Im-not-happy.mp3
en: I am not happy
- notes: |
In most cases, it would be more natural to simply use an adverb that has the opposite meaning.
ko: 저는 밥을 천천히 먹었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-12I-ate-rice-slowly.mp3
en: I ate rice slowly
not_be:
- notes: ¬-be |
Below are some examples, with possible conjugations of 아니다. You have learned how to conjugate verbs and adjectives, but you still haven’t learned how to conjugate 이다 and 아니다. You will learn this in the next lesson.
en: I am not a teacher
ko: 저는 선생님이 아니에요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-13I-am-not-a-teacher.mp3
- notes: *not-be
en: I am not your friend
ko: 나는 너의 친구가 아니야
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-14I-am-not-your-friend.mp3
- notes: *not-be
en: I am not a university student
ko: 저는 대학생이 아니에요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-15I-am-not-a-University-Student.mp3
not_have:
- notes: ¬-have |
Just like how 아니다 is the opposite of 이다 – 없다 is the opposite of 있다. 없다 can indicate that one “does not have” something or that something “wasn’t at a particular location.”
ko: 저는 돈이 없어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/25-I-dont-have-money.mp3
en: I don’t have money
- notes: *not-have
ko: 저는 시간이 없어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/26-I-dont-have-time.mp3
en: I don’t have time
- notes: *not-have
ko: 우리는 차가 없어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-16We-dont-have-a-car.mp3
en: We don’t have a car
- notes:
- *not-have
- "To not be in a location:"
ko: 저의 친구는 지금 한국에 없어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/27-My-friend-is-not-in-Korea-now.mp3
en: My friend is not in Korea now
- notes:
- *not-have
- "To not be in a location:"
ko: 사람이 없었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/28-There-was-nobody-there.mp3
en: There was no people
not_like:
- notes: &dislike |
While we are talking about negative words, I want to talk about 싫어하다 quickly. “싫어하다” is a verb that is used to indicate that one dislikes something. 싫어하다 is the opposite of 좋아하다 (to like).
ko: 저는 과일을 싫어해요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/29-I-dislike-fruit.mp3
en: I dislike fruit
- notes: *dislike
ko: 저는 과일을 좋아해요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent9.mp3
en: I like fruit
- notes: &good |
In Lesson 3, you learned how 좋다 and 좋아하다 are different. I explained that 좋다 is an adjective (meaning “to be good”), and thus cannot act on an object.
ko: 그 선생님은 좋다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-teacher-is-good.mp3
en: That teacher is good
- notes: *good
ko: 이 학교는 좋다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/22.mp3
en: This school is good
- notes: |
싫다 is not used to mean “to not be good.” In order to indicate that something is “not good” (i.e. “bad”), the adjective 나쁘다 is commonly used. Instead, 싫다 is often used to indicate that one dislikes something (just like 싫어하다).
ko: 저는 과일이 싫어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-18I-dislike-fruit.mp3
en: I dislike fruit
---
# Lesson 8: Adverbs, Negative Sentences
## Vocabulary
### Nouns
기계 = machine
Examples:
- 그 **기계**는 너무 무거워요 = That **machine** is very heavy
- 회사는 **기계**를 대체했어 = The company replaced the **machine**
대학교 = college, university
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “대학꾜”
Common Usages:
- 대학생 = university student
- 대학교를 다니다 = to attend a university
- 서울대학교 = Seoul National University
Examples:
- 저는 서울**대학교**를 다녀요 = I go to (attend) Seoul **University**
- 한국에서 **대학교**는 고등학교보다 덜 어려워요 = In Korea, **University** is not as hard as high school
- 어느 **대학교**를 다녀요? = Which **university** do you go to?
- 어느 **대학교**를 졸업했어요? = Which **university** did you graduate from?
- 저는 10년 전에 서울**대학교**를 졸업했어요 = I graduated from Seoul **University** 10 years ago
- **대학교**에 가고 싶다면 열심히 공부해야 해요 = If you want to go to **university**, you have to study hard
- 아들이 **대학교**를 졸업해서 우리는 축하를 해야 돼요 = Now that our son has graduated from **University**, we need to congratulate him
- 원래 대학교에 갈 계획이 있었지만 수능을 잘 못 봐서 대학교에 갈 수 없었어요 = I had plans to go to **university**, but I couldn’t get in because I did poorly on the SAT test
트럭 = truck
Notes:
- Korean pronunciation of the English word “truck”
Example:
- 그 고속도로에서 **트럭**을 운전해서는 안 돼요 = You must not drive a **truck** on that highway
검은색 = (the color) black
Notes:
This is a combination of the adjective “검다” (black) and “색” (color). Put together, the word is a noun that means “the color black,” but is often placed before nouns to describe them (like an adjective) anyways. Therefore, you can often see this (and other words of color) used before a noun to describe it and also at the end of a sentence (attached to 이다).
When Korean people describe something by color in English, they will often say something like “I like the black-colored shirt.” This is the result of them directly translating “검은색 셔츠,” whereas in English we would just say “black shirt.”
Examples:
At the end of a sentence:
- 저의 차는 **검은색**이에요 = My car is **black**
- _(Notice 이다 is used because 검은색 is a noun)_
Before a noun:
- 저는 **검은색** 차를 좋아해요 = I like **black** cars
흰색 = (the color) white
Notes:
- See “black” above. 흰색 is a combination of “희다” and “색”
Example:
- **흰색** 셔츠를 입은 여자가 예뻐요 = The girl wearing the **white** shirt is pretty
- **흰색** 구두를 신고 있다 = I am wearing **white** shoes/boots
음료수 = beverage, drink
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “음뇨수”
Notes:
- This is commonly used to refer to drinks like Coke, cider (which is similar to Sprite) and other carbonated beverages.
Example:
- **음료수**를 주문할래요? = Shall we order some **drinks**?
- 이 뷔페가격은 음료수를 포함해요 = This buffet price includes **drinks**
외국 = foreign country
Common Usages:
- 외국인 = foreigner
- 외국 사람 = foreigner
- 외국어 = foreign language
Examples:
- 저는 1년 동안 영어를 **외국**에서 공부했어요 = I studied English in a **foreign** **country** for 1 year
- 저는 2년 동안 **외국**에서 살았어요 = I lived in a **foreign** country for 2 years
외국인 = foreigner
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “외구긴”
Example:
- 의정부에서 **외국인**이 많아요 = There are a lot of **foreigners** in Uijeongbu
고등학교 = high school
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “고등학꾜”
Common Usages:
- 고등학생 = high school student
- 고등학교를 다니다 = to attend a high school
Example:
- 저는 **고등학교**를 다니고 있어요 = I am attending a **high school**
- 우리 딸은 그 **고등학교**를 다녀요 = Our daughter attends that **high school**
- 한국에서 대학교는 **고등학교**보다 덜 어려워요 = In Korea, University is not as hard as **high school**
- 중학교 또는 **고등학교**를 다녀요? = Do you go to middle school or **high school**?
- **고등학교**는 한국에서 어려워요 = **High school** is difficult in Korea
- 그 선생님은 국립**고등학교**에서 일하셔요 = That teacher works at a public **(high) school**
도서관 = library
Examples:
- 저는 **도서관**에 어제 갔어요 = I went to the **library** yesterday
- **도서관**이 조용해서 거기서 공부하고 싶어요 = I want to study at the **library** because it is quiet
- 내일 **도서관**에 갈까? = Shall we go to the **library** tomorrow?
곳 = place
Common Usages:
- 이곳 = this place (here)
- 그곳 = that place (there)
- 저곳 = that place (there)
- 곳곳 = here and there, everywhere
Example:
- 그**곳**에 사람이 없어요 = There are no people at that **place**
- 저는 제가 자주 가는 **곳**에 가고 있어요 = I am going to the **place** I often go to
- 여기가 내가 근무하던 **곳**이야 = This place (here) is the **place** that I worked
- 우리가 지난 번에 먹었던 **곳**에서 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat at the **place** that we ate at last time
- 이**곳**에 근무하던 우체국 직원이 삶을 영원히 포기했어요 = The worker/employee who used to work at **this** post-office gave up on his life forever
- 하지만 펭귄이 있는 **곳**은 동물원 입구에서 멀다고 하니 아빠와 나는 우선 다른 동물들을 먼저 봤다 = But (because) the **place** the penguins are was said to be far from the zoo entrance, so Dad and I saw other animals first
동시 = same time
Examples:
- 모든 학생들은 **동시**에 교실에서 나왔어요 = All the students came out of the classroom at the **same time**
- 대학교 때 **동시**에 여자 친구가 두 명 있었어요 = I had two girlfriends at the **same time** during university
- 인터넷으로 **동시**에 수백 개의 물품을 사서는 안 돼요 = You shouldn’t buy hundreds of items from the internet at the **same time**
- 이 프로그램이 10개의 나라에서 **동시**에 방송되고 있다 = This program is being broadcasted in 10 countries **simultaneously**
- 사랑, 성공, 명예 모두를 **동시**에 성취하는 일은 쉽지 않아서 우선순위를 정하는 게 중요해요 = It is not easy to achieve love, success and honor all at the **same time**, so it is important to prioritize them
밤 = night
Common Usages:
- 오늘 밤 = tonight
- 어젯밤 = last night
- 내일 밤 = tomorrow night
Examples:
- 오늘 **밤**에 뭐 할 거예요? = What are you doing to**night**?
- 저는 아침부터 **밤**까지 공부만 했어요 = From morning to **night**, I only studied
- 저는 **밤**에만 운동해요 = I exercise only at **night**
- 오늘 **밤**에 뭐 하고 싶어요? = What do you want to do **tonight**?
[This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.]
어젯밤 = last night
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “어제빰”
Notes: When two nouns are combined together to make one noun, and the first noun does not end in a consonant, the consonant ‘ㅅ’ is added purely for ease of pronunciation.
Examples:
- 우리는 **어젯밤**에 밥을 많이 먹었어요 = We ate a lot **last night**
- 저는 **어젯밤**에 잘 잤어요 = I slept well **last night**
- 저는 **어젯밤**에 이상한 꿈을 꿨어요 = I had a strange dream **last night**
낮 = daytime
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “낟”
Common Usages:
- 낮잠을 자다 = to take a nap (day sleep)
Example:
- 그 사람은 일을 안 하고 **낮**에 잠을 자기만 해요 = That person doesn’t work and just sleeps **during the day**
- 저는 커피를 **낮**에만 마셔요 = I drink coffee only during **the day**
[This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.]
동 = East
Common Usages:
- 동양 = the East
- 동양문명 = Eastern Civilization
Example:
- 토론토는 **동양**시장이 많아요 = Toronto has a lot of **Eastern** (Oriental) markets
남 = South
Common Usages:
- 남아메리카 = South America
- 남극 = South Pole
- 남극대륙 = Antarctica
Example:
- 부산은 한국 **남**쪽에 있어요 = Busan is in the **south** of Korea
서 = West
Common Usages:
- 서양 = the West
- 서양문명 = Western Civilization
Example:
- **서양사람들**은 동양사람들과 달라요 = **Western** people are different than Eastern people
북 = North
Common Usages:
- 북아메리카 = North America
- 북극 = North Pole
- 북극곰 = polar bear
- 북한 = the name of “North Korea” to South Korean people
Example:
- 의정부는 서울 **북**쪽에 있어요 = Uijeongbu is **north** of Seoul
### Verbs
놀다 = to play
놀다 follows the ㄹ irregular
Common Usages:
- 놀이공원 = amusement park
- 놀이터 = playground
- 물놀이 = to play in water
Notes:
Although “playing” is usually reserved for kids in English, adults in Korean will also say that they “play” with friends. This typically meets that they met and had a good time.
Example:
- 저는 어제 친구랑 **놀았어요** = I **played** with a friend yesterday
- 아이들은 나무 주위에서 **놀**고 있어요 = The children are **playing** around the tree
- 저는 보통 친구들과 시내에서 **놀아요** = I usually **play** **with** (**meet**) my friends downtown
쓰다 = to use
쓰다 follows the ㅡ irregular
Common Usages:
- 아껴 쓰다 = to save (to use and save)
Notes: 사용하다 is another common way to say “use”
Example:
- 제가 이것을 **써**도 돼요? = May I **use** this?
- 한국 사람들은 밥을 먹을 때 **젓가락**을 써요 = Korean people **use** chopsticks when they eat
- 가뭄 때문에 물을 아껴 **써야** 돼요 = We need to **save**/conserve water because of the drought
- 요즘에는 사람들이 수표를 안 **써요** = These days, people don’t **use** cheques
- 그 쿠폰을 VIPS에서도 **쓸** 수 있어요? = Can you **use** that coupon at VIPS too?
- 저 컴퓨터가 고장이 나서 다른 컴퓨터를 **써야** 됩니다 = You have to **use** another computer because that one is broken
- 중국 사람들은 소금을 뿌리는 것 대신에 음식에 간장을 **써요** = Instead of using salt, Chinese people **put/use** soy sauce on their food
- 우리가 벌써 6월에 **쓸** 수 있는 인터넷 용량 제한을 넘었어요 = We already went over the data/space limit (data cap) that we can **use** for June
- 친구들끼리는 반말을 쓰고, 어른들과 대화를 할 때는 존댓말을 **써요** = Use informal/casual speech among friends, and when conversing with adults, **use** formal speech
쓰다 = to write
Common Usages:
- 편지를 쓰다 = to write a letter
- 펜으로 쓰다 = to write with a pen
Example:
- 저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 편지를 **썼어요** = I **wrote** a letter for my girlfriend
- 저는 부장님을 위해서 이것을 **썼어요** = I **wrote** this for my boss
- 저는 여자친구를 위해 편지를 **쓰**고 싶어요 = I want to **write** a letter for my girlfriend
- 저는 펜으로 **쓰**고 싶어요 = I want to **write** with a pen
- 그는 손등에 뭔가를 **썼어요** = He **wrote** something on the back of his hand
실수하다 = to make a mistake
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “실쑤하다”
The noun form of this word (“실수 ”) translates to “a mistake”
Notes:
- By adding “~하다” you can say “to make a mistake”
Example:
- 범죄자는 그의 **실수**를 인정했어요 = The criminal acknowledged his **mistakes**
- 제 행동은 **실수**인 것을 깨달았어요 = I realized that my actions (what I did) is/was a **mistake**
수리하다 = to repair
Examples:
- 그는 고장 난 컴퓨터를 **수리했어요** = He **repaired** the broken computer
- 복사기를 **수리해야** 되었어요 = We had to **repair** the photocopier
- 집주인이 물이 흘러나올까 봐 지붕을 **수리했어요** = The landlord was worried that water would flow in, so he **fixed up** (**repaired**) the roof
잡다 = to catch, to grab, to grasp
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “잡따”
Common Usages:
- 자리를 잡다 = to take a place and sit down
- 손을 잡다 = to hold one’s hand
- 꽉 잡다 = to hold on tight(ly)
Example:
- 저는 공을 **잡았어요** = I **caught** the ball
- 그는 직업을 바꿀 수 있는 기회를 **잡았어요** = He **seized** the opportunity to change jobs
읽다 = to read
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “익따”
Common Usages:
- 책을 읽다 = to read a book
Examples:
- 저는 이제 더 **읽**기 싫어요 = I don’t want to **read** anymore
- 저는 그 책을 **읽**고 싶어요 = I want to **read** that book
- 저는 1년에 책 열 권을 **읽**을 수 있어요 = I can **read** ten books in one year
- 어떤 소설을 **읽**고 있어요? = Which novel are you **reading**?
내다 = to pay for
Common Usages:
- 청구서를 내다 = to pay a bill
Notes: 내다 can have many other meanings. See [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/) for more information.
Examples:
- 이번에 제가 **낼 거예요** = I will **pay** this time
- 아빠가 돈을 이미 **낸** 것 같아요 = It seems like dad already **paid**
- 우리가 청구서를 늦게라도 낼 거예요 = We are going to **pay** the bill, even if it is a little late
받다 = to get, to receive, to acquire
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “받따”
Common Usages:
- 감동 받다 = to be impressed (literally “to receive an impression”)
- 존경 받다 = to be respected (literally “to receive respect”)
See [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/) for more information
Examples:
- 제가 보낸 돈을 **받았어요**? = Did you **get** the money that I sent?
- 저는 **돈**을 받았어요 = I **received** money
- 저는 저의 여자친구에게서 편지를 **받았어요** = I **received** a letter from my girlfriend
- 그 문제에 관해 연수를 **받았어요** = We/I **received** training about that problem
- 저는 당신의 말에 감동 **받았어요** = I was **impressed** with what you said
- 저는 그 사람이 저에게 줄 선물을 **받**고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to **accept** the gift that that person will give me
- 만약 제가 선생님이라면 학생들에게 존경을 **받**고 싶을 거예요 = If I were a teacher, I would want to be **respected** by students
도착하다 = to arrive
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “도차카다”
Example:
- 우리가 목적지에 거의 **도착했어요** = We have almost **arrived** at our destination
- 우리가 내일 **도착할** 예정이에요 = We are scheduled to **arrive** tomorrow
- 저는 학교에 **도착했어요** = I **arrived** at school
- 저는 8월 15일에 **도착할 거예요** = I will **arrive** on August 15th
여행하다 = to travel
The noun form of this word (“여행 ”) translates to “a trip”
Common Usages:
- 신혼여행 = honeymoon (newlywed travel)
- 배낭여행 = backpacking
Examples:
- 저는 6개월 동안 **여행했어요** = I **traveled** for 6 months
- 저는 하루 동안 **여행했어요** = I **traveled** for 1 day
- **여행**했을 때 사진을 많이 찍었어요 = When I **traveled**, I took a lot of pictures
- 그 **여행**은 길게 느껴졌어요 = That **trip** felt like a long time
- 저는 한국 어디나 **여행하**고 싶어요 = I want to **travel** everywhere in Korea
- 가장 **여행하**고 싶은 나라는 뭐에요? = What country do you want to **travel** to the most?
- **여행할** 때 옷을 많이 챙길 필요가 없어요 = I don’t need to pack a lot of clothes when I **travel**
### Adjectives
완벽하다 = to be perfect
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “완벼카다”
The noun form of this word “완벽” translates to “perfection”
Common Usages
- 완벽주의자 = perfectionist
Example:
- 그녀는 **완벽한** 선생님이에요 = She is a **perfect** teacher
- 그 단어로 **완벽한** 문장을 만들어 주세요 = Make a **perfect/complete** sentence using that word, please
- 그것은 **완벽한** 식사였습니다 = That was a **perfect** meal
- 저의 여자 친구가 **완벽해**서 저는 그녀를 사랑해요 = I love my girlfriend because she is **perfect**
아프다 = to be sick, to be sore
Common Usages:
- 배가 아프다 = for one’s stomach to be sore
- 아픈 척하다 = to pretend to be sick
Notes:
- This is used to indicate that you are sick (with a cold or something similar), and to indicate that a part of your body is sore.
Examples:
- 어제 운동을 해서 오늘 저의 팔이 **아파요** = my arms are **sore** because I exercised yesterday
- 제가 너무 **아파**서 많이 먹을 수 없어요 = I can’t eat much because I am very **sick**
- 목이 **아파요** = I have a **sore** throat
- 저의 몸이 너무 **아파**서 못 가요 = I can’t go because my body is so **sore**
- 저는 너무 많이 걸어서 지금 발이 **아파요** = My feet are **sore** because I walked so much
- 할머니는 어제 **아파**서 입원했어요 = Grandma checked into the hospital yesterday because she was **sick**
똑똑하다 = to be smart
Common Usages:
- 똑똑한 학생 = smart student
Examples:
- 우리 학교에는 **똑똑한** 학생들이 많아요 = There are a lot of **smart** students at our school
- 그 사람은 착하고 **똑똑해요** = That person is kind and **smart**
- 여자들이 예뻐도 **똑똑하**지 않으면 매력이 없어요 = Regardless of how pretty girls are, if they are not **smart,** they have no charm
- 선생님들은 학생들보다 더 **똑똑해요** = Teachers are **smarter** than students
- 저는 **똑똑한** 여자들만 좋아해요 = I only like **smart** girls
- 공부하지 않는 학생들은 **똑똑하지** 않아요 = Students who do not study are not **smart**
- 저는 저의 남동생보다 훨씬 **똑똑해요** = I am way/much **smarter** than my brother
중요하다 = to be important
Common Usages:
- 중요성 = importance
Examples:
- 그 개념은 **중요하**지 않아요 = That concept is not **important**
- 가족은 가장 **중요해요** = Family is the most **important**
- **학생들한테** 영어회화는 **중요하**지 않아요 = English conversation isn’t **important** to Korean students
- 학생들이 영어를 배우는 것은 **중요해요** = It is **important** for students to learn English
- 이 문제는 시민보건에 아주 **중요한** 것 같아요 = That problem is probably very **important** to the health of the citizens
젊다 = to be young
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “점따”
Example:
- 그녀는 다른 사람보다 **젊**어 보여요 = She looks **younger** than other people
늙다 = to be old
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “늑따”
Notes:
- This is typically only used when somebody is actually old, not when somebody is comparatively older than somebody else.
Example:
- **늙**은 아주머니는 넘어졌어요 = The **old** lady fell over
나쁘다 = to be bad
나쁘다 follows the ㅡ irregular
Common Usages:
- 나쁜 사람 = bad person
- 건강에 나쁘다 = for something to be unhealthy
Example:
- 그것은 건강에 **나빠요** = That is **bad** for your health
- 그 사람의 상황은 **나빠요** = That person’s situation is **not good**
- 그 학생의 태도가 **나빠요** = That student’s attitude is **bad**
- 담배는 건강에 **나빠요** = Cigarettes are **bad** for your health (unhealthy)
- 공기가 **나빠**서 저는 숨을 못 쉬어요 = I can’t breathe because the air is **bad**
- **나쁜** 소식이 있어요 = There is some **bad** news
- 그 **나쁜** 짓을 왜 했어요? = Why did you do that (**bad** action)?
- 친구는 **나쁜** 학교에 가고 있어요 = My friend is going to the **bad** school
### Adverbs
바로 = immediately
Notes:
- 바로 can be used to indicate that something happens immediately (in terms of time) or that something is “immediately” close to something (in terms of space).
Examples:
_Time_:
- 저는 **바로** 갔어요 = I left **immediately**
- 우리는 집에 와서 **바로** 잤어요 = We came home and went to sleep **immediately**
- 저는 책을 읽고 **바로** 잤어요 = I read the book and then slept **immediately**
_Space_:
- 은행이 학교 **바로** 옆에 있어요 = The bank is **right (immediately)** next to the school
즉시 = immediately
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “즉씨”
Notes:
- 즉시 can only be used to indicate that something happens immediately (in terms of time). It is less common than 바로.
Example:
- 저는 그 무서운 것을 보고 **즉시** 뛰어갔어요 = I ran away **immediately** after I saw that scary thing
[This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 4.]
빨리 = quickly/fast
Notes: This is the adverb form of “빠르다”
Examples:
- **빨리** 가자! = Let’s go **quickly**!
- 왜 너무 **빨리** 먹었어요? = Why did you eat so **fast**?
- 저는 너무 **빨리** 먹었어요 = I ate really **fast**
- 열심히 공부한 후에 실력은 **빨리** 늘었어요 = After studying hard, my skills have been increasing **quickly**
- 저는 어젯밤에 잠이 **빨리** 들었어요 = Last night I fell asleep **quickly**
- 우리 엄마는 집에 와서 **빨리** 요리했습니다 = Our/my mom came home and **quickly** cooked
자주 = often
Examples:
- 저는 서울에 **자주** 가요 = I go to Seoul **often**
- 한국어를 얼마나 **자주** 공부해요? = How **often** do you study Korean?
- 저의 할머니가 여기에 **자주** 안 오셔요 = My grandmother doesn’t come here **often**
- 저는 저의 친구를 **자주** 만나요 = I meet my friend **often**
- 여자 친구를 얼마나 **자주** 만나요? = How **often** do you meet your girlfriend?
- 저는 **자주** 옷을 충동적으로 사요 = I **often** buy clothes impulsively
가끔 = sometimes
Notes:
- In English, we would never say “very sometimes,” but in Korean “아주 가끔” is commonly used to stress that something happens “only sometimes.”
Example:
- 저는 서울에 **가끔** 가요 = I go to Seoul **sometimes**
- 저는 **가끔** 너무 많이 먹어요 = I eat too much **sometimes**
많이 = many/a lot of
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "마니"
Notes:
- This is the adverb form of “많다”
Examples:
- 저는 저의 여자 친구에게 선물을 **많이** 줬어요 = I gave my girlfriend **a lot of** presents
- 저는 밥을 **많이** 먹었어요 = I ate **a lot** **of** rice
- 저는 야채를 **많이** 먹겠습니다 = I will eat **a lot** **of** vegetables
- 우리는 이번 시간에 **많이** 배웠어 = We learned **a lot** this time
- 저는 친구들로부터 사랑을 **많이** 받았어요 = I received **a lot of** love from friends
- 저의 친구의 한국어 실력이 **많이** 늘었어요 = My friend’s Korean (skills) **really** increased/got better
- 돈을 얼마나 **많이** 가져갈 거예요? = How **much** money will you bring?
방금 = a moment ago
Examples:
- 그는 **방금** 나갔어요 = He **just** left
- 저는 **방금** 뭔가(를) 봤어요 = I just saw something **a minute ago**
- **방금** 들어온 사람은 우리 가게에 자주 오던 손님이야 = The person who **just** came in is a customer who comes to the store often
갑자기 = suddenly
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “갑짜기”
Examples:
- 그 사람은 **갑자기** 밖에 나갔어요 = That person **suddenly** went out
- 맑던 하늘이 **갑자기** 어두워졌어요 = The sky that I recall being clear until now **suddenly** became dark
- 날씨가 춥다가 **갑자기** 더워졌어요 = The weather was cold, and then **suddenly** became hot
- 침실에서 자다가 **갑자기** 돌아가셨어요 = While sleeping in the bedroom, he **suddenly** passed away
- 사람이 **갑자기** 많이 와서 저는 그냥 비켜섰어요 = **All of a sudden** many people came, so I just stepped aside
- 그 사람의 얼굴이 기억 안 났지만 **갑자기** 제 꿈에 나타났어요 = I had forgotten that person’s face, but it **suddenly** appeared to me in my dream
매년 = every year
Examples:
- 저는 **매년** 한국에 가요 = I go to Korea **every year**
- **매년** 여름, 이 지역에는 홍수가 나요 = A flood occurs **every** summer in this area
- 그 대학교는 **매년** 교환학생 100명을 받아요 = That university receives 100 exchange students **every year**
- **매년** 말에 한 해를 마무리하는 행사가 많아요 = There are a lot of events that close out the year at the end of **every year**
- 한국의 교통비는 **매년** 오르고 있어요 = Transportation fees (the fare for buses and subways) are going up **every year** in Korea
- 건강검진을 받든지 안 받든지 **매년** 정부에 보험료를 내야 돼요 = It doesn’t matter if you get a health check **every year** or not, you need to pay insurance fees to the government every year
다시 = again
Common Usages:
- 다시 한 번 = one more time
Example:
- 저는 시험을 **다시** 봐야 될 것 같아요 = I will probably have to write the exam **again**
- 제가 어제 만난 사람은 저를 **다시** 만나고 싶어요 = The person I met yesterday wants to meet me **again**
- 저는 밥을 벌써 먹어서 **다시** 안 먹어도 돼요 = I don’t need to eat **again** because I already did
혼자 = alone
Notes:
- “혼자서” is often used as well
Example:
- 저는 **혼자** 살아요 = I live **alone**
- 저는 엄마가 밥을 왜 **혼자** 먹은지 몰라요 = I don’t know why mom ate **by** **herself** (**alone**)
- 우리 아들은 자기 일을 항상 **혼자** 하고 싶어요 = Our son always wants to do his work **alone**
- 저는 운동을 **혼자** 할 수 있어요 = I can exercise **by myself**
안 = not
Notes
- 안 is placed before a verb or adjective to turn it into a negative word. The meaning is synonymous to ~지 않다.
Examples
- 그 여자는 **안** 아름다워요 = That girl is **not** beautiful
- 저는 마지막 것을 **안** 봤어요 = I **didn’t** see the last thing
- 아침식사를 **안** 먹었어요 = I **didn’t** eat breakfast
- 저는 술을 **안** 마시고 싶어요 = I **don’t** want to drink alcohol
- 방학 동안 집에 **안** 갔습니까? = You **didn’t** go home during vacation?
- 소금을 많이 먹는 것은 건강에 **안** 좋아요 = It is **not** healthy to eat a lot of salt
You might also want to try listening to all of the words on loop with this [Vocabulary Practice video]
## Korean Adverbs
To this point, you have studied Korean verbs and adjectives in great depth, but you have yet to learn much about Korean adverbs. First of all, what is an adverb? Adverbs are words in sentences that tell you when, where, or to what degree something is being done.
- When: I went to work on **Tuesday**
- Where: I am **inside** the house
- Degree: I opened the door **quickly**
In this lesson, you will learn how to use adverbs in Korean sentences. Let’s get started!
### When and Where
---
Anytime you put a word in a sentence that indicates when or where something is taking place, you must add the particle 에 to the end of that word. Keep in mind, however, that 에 is not the only particle that can go at the end of words of position or time. There are other particles that can go at the end of these words to indicate _from_ when/where something occurred, _until_ when/where, etc. For now, though, lets just talk about 에.
This is very important. Even though all places (park, house, hospital, school, office, room, kitchen, etc.) are _also_ nouns, when they are being talked about **as a place**, the particle 에 must be attached to them. Notice the difference between the following two sentences:
- 저는 병원을 지었어요 = I built a hospital
- 저는 병원에 갔어요 = I went to the/a hospital
In the first sentence, “hospital” is the thing that you are building – so it is an object, which requires you to use the 을/를 particle.
In the second sentence, the hospital is the place in which you went to – so it is a place, which requires it to have the 에 particle.
However, if you wanted to say _where_ you built that hospital, you could say this:
- 저는 병원을 공원 옆에 지었어요 = I built a hospital beside the park
In addition to this, any word that indicates when something is taking place, needs to have the Korean particle 에 attached to it. For example:
- 저는 화요일에 가겠어요 = I will go on Tuesday
- 저는 저녁에 공부했어요 = I studied in the evening
- 저는 가을에 공원 옆에 병원을 지었어요 = I built a hospital beside the park in the fall
The best part about Korean adverbs is that they can essentially be placed at any place in the sentence. The only place they cannot be placed is at the end of the sentence – because a sentence must always end in an adjective or verb. They could even be placed at the beginning of a sentence:
- 여름에 저는 공부하겠어요 = I will study in the summer
Korean people don’t add ~에 when using 오늘 (today), 내일 (tomorrow) and 어제 (yesterday):
- 저는 한국에 오늘 도착했어요 = I arrived in Korea today
- 저는 도서관에 어제 갔어요 = I went to the library yesterday
- 저는 내일 한국어를 공부하겠어요 = I will study Korean tomorrow.
### To what degree/How much
---
In addition to “when” and “where” adverbs, many adverbs can tell us to what degree something is being done. These adverbs usually (but not always) end in ‘ly’ in English:
- I ran _really quickly_
- I ate _fast_
- I left _immediately_
- I _often_ meet my friend on Thursday
- I eat _too much sometimes_
When adding these types of adverbs to sentences, no particle needs to be attached.
While other adverbs are generally free to be placed anywhere in a sentence, adverbs like this that indicate a degree to which something is done are typically placed immediately before the verb. For example:
- 저는 저의 친구를 자주 만나요 = I meet my friend often
- 저는 밥을 많이 먹었어요 = I ate a lot of food (rice)
- 저는 집에 바로 갔어요 = I went home immediately
- 저는 숙제를 빨리 했어요 = I did my homework quickly
Also, many of these words are just transferred from their adjective forms to create an adverb. This is done in English as well, for example:
- Quick -> Quickly
- Easy -> Easily
- Quiet -> Quietly
A lot of adverbs in Korean are simply made by adding ‘게’ to the stem of an adjective:
| **Adjective** | **Adverb** |
| ------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 쉽다 = easy | 쉽게 = easily |
| 비슷하다 = similar | 비슷하게 = similarly |
| 다르다 = different | 다르게 = differently |
Adjectives that end in 하다 are sometimes changed into adverbs by changing 하다 to 히. With most adjectives you can either add 게 to the stem or 히 with no difference in meaning. The only thing I can suggest is try to listen to which one is said in a specific situation, because even Korean people don’t know the answer to the question “what is the difference between 조용하게 and 조용히”:
| **Adjective** | **Adverb** |
| ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 조용하다 = quiet | 조용하게/조용히 = quietly |
| 안전하다 = safe | 안전하게/안전히 = safely |
Finally, some adjectives are changed into adverbs in a different way. When this happens, they are usually very similar to their original adjective form:
| **Adjective** | **Adverb** |
| -------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| 많다 = many | 많이 = many/a lot |
| 빠르다 = quick/fast | 빨리 = quickly |
\*많다/많이 essentially have the same meaning aside from the fact that one is an adverb and one is an adjective. Most of the time, the difference between the adjective and adverb form is very clear, but with 많이/많다, the meaning is similar.
See the following:
- 저는 많은 밥을 먹었어요 = I ate a lot of rice
- 저는 밥을 많이 먹었어요 = I ate a lot of rice.
Now that you know ALL that, using adverbs in sentences is easy as pie!:
- 저는 조용하게 먹었어요 = I ate quietly
- 저는 거리를 안전하게 건넜어요 = I crossed the street safely
- 저는 행복하게 살았어요 = I lived happily
You can, of course, use more than one adverb in a sentence. To look at the list I showed you earlier:
- 저는 매우 빨리 달렸어요 = I ran really quickly
- 저는 빨리 먹었어요 = I ate fast
- 저는 바로 떠났어요 = I left immediately
- 저는 저의 친구를 목요일에 자주 만나요 = I often meet my friend on Thursday
- 저는 가끔 너무 많이 먹어요 = I eat too much sometimes
Though you can do that, using two adverbs that indicate the ‘degree of something’ is generally not done in Korean. For example, this would sound awkward:
- 저는 거리를 쉽게 빨리 건넜어요 = I easily quickly crossed the street (It’s also awkward in English!)
## Negative Sentences
There are two ways you can make a sentence negative:
1. By adding 안, which acts as an adverb in the sentence. 안 is typically placed immediately before the final verb or adjective. For example:
- 그 여자는 안 예뻐요 = That girl isn’t pretty
- 저는 생선을 안 좋아해요 = I don’t like fish
- 저는 내일 학교에 안 가겠어요 = I’m not going to school tomorrow
2. By adding ~지 않다 to the stem of the final verb or adjective. 않다 then becomes the verb or adjective in that sentence and must be conjugated accordingly. For example:
- 그 여자는 예쁘지 않아요 = That girl isn’t pretty
- 저는 생선을 좋아하지 않아요 = I don’t like fish
- 저는 내일 학교에 가지 않겠어요 = I’m not going to school tomorrow
Their respective meanings are identical. It is up to the speaker to decide which one will be used. There are times when it will be more natural to use “안” and there will be times when it will be more natural to use “~지 않다.” At this point, you can consider them the same. Throughout your studies you will constantly be exposed to 안 and ~지 않다, and through this exposure you can gradually develop a preference for which one should be used and in which circumstance.
I like to share my observations that I have made through my experiences with the Korean language. I think this can be helpful to learners as they struggle to understand when to use some grammatical principles over others. There are a few things I would like to talk about regarding these negative sentences.
---
As you know, most verbs ending in ~하다 can be turned into a noun-form of that verb by removing ~하다. For example:
- 공부하다 = to study
- 공부 = the noun form of “study”
- 실수하다 = to make a mistake
- 실수 = a mistake
- 여행하다 = to travel
- 여행 = a trip
When indicating that one “does not do” a ~하다 verb, it is common to separate ~하다 from the noun and place “안” in between them. For example:
- 저는 공부를 안 했어요 = I didn’t study
- Instead of: 저는 안 공부했어요
- 저는 실수를 안 했어요 = I didn’t make (do) a mistake
- Instead of: 저는 안 실수했어요
- 저는 여행을 안 했어요 = I didn’t travel
- Instead of: 저는 안 여행했어요
It would also be appropriate to use the ~지 않다 form with these words. However, in these cases, it doesn’t matter if the noun is separated from ~하다 or not. For example:
- 저는 공부하지 않았어요 = I didn’t study
- 저는 공부를 하지 않았어요 = I didn’t study
- 저는 실수하지 않았어요 = I didn’t make a mistake
- 저는 실수를 하지 않았어요 = I didn’t make a mistake
- 저는 여행하지 않았어요 = I didn’t travel
- 저는 여행을 하지 않았어요 = I didn’t travel
Many adjectives end in ~하다. It is unnatural to remove the ~하다 in these words and place “안” between them. You can’t separate an adjective and “act” on it with ~하다 because they are adjectives. For example, the following would be incorrect:
- 저는 행복을 안 해요 (This does not mean “I am not happy”)
However, you could use ~지 않다 on a -하다 adjective or place “안” before the word without separating it. For example:
- 저는 안 행복해요 = I am not happy
- 저는 행복하지 않아요 = I am not happy
---
I have had people ask me about the word order of sentences using an adverb _and_ the negative adverb “안”. One learner asked me if this sentence would be okay:
- 저는 빨리 안 공부했어요
While it might be understood, this sentence sounds very awkward in Korean. The reason is probably due to the fact that there are two adverbs being used. In this sentence, both “빨리” and “안” act as adverbs that indicate the degree to which the studying was done. As I mentioned earlier, this usually isn’t done in Korean. Instead, if you wanted to express that meaning, you can use the ~지않다 negative addition instead. By doing this, you effectively remove one of the adverbs and are left with:
- 저는 빨리 공부하지 않았어요 = I didn’t study quickly
Even still, though. This sentence could still be a little awkward in Korean – because when would you ever say “I didn’t study quickly”? In most cases, it would be more natural to simply use an adverb that has the opposite meaning. For example, this sentence:
- 저는 밥을 빨리 먹지 않았어요 = I didn’t eat (rice) quickly
Would be more naturally said as:
- 저는 밥을 천천히 먹었어요 = I ate rice slowly
### To not be: 아니다
---
아니다 (to not be) is the opposite of the word 이다 (to be), but they are used a little bit differently. Remember that 이다 is always attached directly to a noun. For example:
- 나는 선생님이다 = I am a teacher
- 나는 대학생이다 = I am a university student
However, when using 아니다, the particle ~이/가 is attached to the noun, and 아니다 is used as a separate word:
- 나는 선생님이 아니다 = I am not a teacher
- 나는 대학생이 아니다 = I am not a university student
Below are some examples, with possible conjugations of 아니다. You have learned how to conjugate verbs and adjectives, but you still haven’t learned how to conjugate 이다 and 아니다. You will learn this in [the next lesson](./09-conjugate-이다.md).
- 나는 선생님이 아니다 = I am not a teacher
- (저는 선생님이 아니에요 )
- 나는 너의 친구가 아니다 = I am not your friend
- (나는 너의 친구가 아니야 )
- 나는 대학생이 아니다 = I am not a university Student
- (저는 대학생이 아니에요 )
### To not have: 없다
---
Just like how 아니다 is the opposite of 이다 – 없다 is the opposite of 있다. In [Lesson 5](./05-tenses.md), you learned some ways to use 있다. 없다 can indicate that one “does not have” something or that something “wasn’t at a particular location.” For example:
To not have:
- 저는 돈이 없어요 = I don’t have money
- 저는 시간이 없어요 = I don’t have time
- 우리는 차가 없어요 = We don’t have a car
To not be in a location:
- 저의 친구는 지금 한국에 없어요 = My friend is not in Korea now
- 사람이 없었어요 = There was no people
### To not like: 싫어하다 and 싫다
---
While we are talking about negative words, I want to talk about 싫어하다 quickly. “싫어하다” is a verb that is used to indicate that one dislikes something. 싫어하다 is the opposite of 좋아하다 (to like). For example:
- 저는 과일을 싫어해요 = I dislike fruit
- 저는 과일을 좋아해요 = I like fruit
In [Lesson 3](./03-verbs.md), you learned how 좋다 and 좋아하다 are different. I explained that 좋다 is an adjective (meaning “to be good”), and thus cannot act on an object. For example:
- 그 선생님은 좋다 = That teacher is good
- 이 학교는 좋다 = This school is good
The adjective form of 싫어하다 is 싫다. However, contrary to what you probably expect, 싫다 is not used to mean “to not be good.” In order to indicate that something is “not good” (i.e. “bad”), the adjective 나쁘다 is commonly used. Instead, 싫다 is often used to indicate that one dislikes something (just like 싫어하다). For example:
- 저는 과일이 싫어요 = I dislike fruit
Notice that because 싫다 is an adjective, it cannot act on an object, so the particles ~이/가 are attached to the noun. This type of sentence is a little bit too complex right now, so I don’t want to dig too deep into it. I discuss this more deeply in [Lesson 15](./15-good-carry-similar.md).
Be careful to not make double negative sentences. Although technically grammatically correct, this one reads funny:
- 저는 과일을 싫어하지 않아요 = I don’t dislike fruit
That’s it for this lesson!
There are 1250 example sentences in Unit 1.
All entries are linked to an audio file. You can download all of these files in one package [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/audio/).
How about testing your knowledge on what you learned in the past 8 lessons with our [Lessons 1 – 8 Mini-Test](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/?page_id=711).
No test today?
Then let me browse through the [next set of lessons (Lessons 9 – 16)](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/?page_id=268)!
Or, [take me directly to Lesson 9!](./09-conjugate-이다.md) Or,
[Click here for a workbook to go along with this lesson.](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/workbooks#Unit118)
## Summary
Want to try to create some sentences using the vocabulary and grammar from this lesson? This YouTube video will prompt you to translate English sentences into Korean using the concepts from this lesson.
Want to practice your listening skills? This YouTube video will prompt you with Korean sentences to dictate using the concepts from this lesson.
Lesson Recap.
[Click here for a free PDF of this lesson.](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/HowtoStudyKorean-Unit-1-Lesson-8.pdf)