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docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/05-tenses.md
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@@ -756,11 +756,17 @@ This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1.
### Days of the Week
월요일 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-38.mp3" /> = Monday
화요일 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-39.mp3" /> = Tuesday
수요일 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-40.mp3" /> = Wednesday
목요일 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-41.mp3" /> = Thursday
금요일 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-42.mp3" /> = Friday
토요일 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-43.mp3" /> = Saturday
일요일 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-44.mp3" /> = Sunday
You might also want to try listening to all of the words on loop with this Vocabulary Practice video
@@ -846,10 +852,11 @@ When the last syllable of the stem ends in a vowel, you add ~ㄴto the last syll
- 가다 = 간다 = to go (가 + ㄴ다)
Examples:
나는 친구를 만난다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-1-I-meet-friends.mp3" /> = I meet a friend
나는 그것을 이해한다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-2-I-understand.mp3" /> = I understand that
나는 한국어를 배운다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-3-I-learn-Korean.mp3" /> = I learn Korean
나는 집에 간다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-4-I-go-home.mp3" /> = I go home
- 나는 친구를 만난다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-1-I-meet-friends.mp3" /> = I meet a friend
- 나는 그것을 이해한다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-2-I-understand.mp3" /> = I understand that
- 나는 한국어를 배운다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-3-I-learn-Korean.mp3" /> = I learn Korean
- 나는 집에 간다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-4-I-go-home.mp3" /> = I go home
#### Past Tense
@@ -869,26 +876,30 @@ The list could go on and on forever.
Notice that some of these grammatical principles require the addition of “~아/어.” Many grammatical principles (or conjugations, or any other thing) require the addition of “~아/어” to the stem of a verb or adjective. Notice that the “slash” indicates that you need to _choose_ what actually gets added to the stem. In some cases it is “~아”, and in some cases it is “~어”. The following is the rule that you can use to determine if you should add “~아” or “~어”:
- If the last vowel in a stem is ㅏ or ㅗ (this includes rare cases of the last vowel being ㅑ or ㅛ) you add ~아 followed by the remainder of the grammatical principl*e. (The only exception is “*하.*” If the last syllable in a stem is “*하*“, ~*여 _must be added to the stem followed by the remainder of the grammatical principle instead of_ ~아.
- If the last vowel in a stem is ㅏ or ㅗ (this includes rare cases of the last vowel being ㅑ or ㅛ) you add ~아 followed by the remainder of the grammatical principle. (The only exception is “_하._” If the last syllable in a stem is “_하_“, ~\*여 _must be added to the stem followed by the remainder of the grammatical principle instead of_ ~아.)
- If the last vowel in a stem is anything but ㅏ or ㅗ you add ~어 followed by the remainder of the grammatical principle
When conjugating to the past tense, we need to add “~았/었다” to the stem of a word (or 였다 in the case of 하다). Following the rule above, ~았다 is added to words with the last vowel being ㅗ or ㅏ and ~었다 is added to words with the last vowel being anything but ㅏ or ㅗ. Finally, ~였다 is added to words with the last syllable being “하.” For example:
나는 밥을 먹다 = I eat rice (note that this sentence is _unconjugated)_
The last vowel in the stem is ㅓ. This is not ㅏ or ㅗ. So, we add 었다 to the stem:
나는 밥을 먹었다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-6-I-ate-rice.mp3" /> = I ate rice (먹 + 었다)
나는 밥을 먹다 = I eat rice (note that this sentence is _unconjugated_)
나는 문을 닫다 = I close the door (note that this sentence is _unconjugated)_
The last vowel in the stem is ㅏ. So we add 았다 to the stem:
나는 문을 닫았다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s4.mp3" /> = I closed the door (닫 + 았다)
- The last vowel in the stem is ㅓ. This is not ㅏ or ㅗ. So, we add 었다 to the stem:
- 나는 밥을 먹었다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-6-I-ate-rice.mp3" /> = I ate rice (먹 + 었다)
나는 창문을 열다 = I open the window (note that this sentence is _unconjugated)_
The last vowel in the stem is ㅕ. This is not ㅏ or ㅗ. So we add 었다 to the stem:
나는 창문을 열었다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s5.mp3" /> = I opened the window (열 + 었다)
나는 문을 닫다 = I close the door (note that this sentence is _unconjugated_)
나는 한국어를 공부하다 = I study Korean (note that this sentence is <em>unconjugated)</em>
The last syllable in the stem is “하”. Therefore, we add ~였다 to the stem:
나는 한국어를 공부하였다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s6.mp3" /> = I studied Korean (공부하 + 였다)
- The last vowel in the stem is ㅏ. So we add 았다 to the stem:
- 나는 문을 닫았다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s4.mp3" /> = I closed the door (닫 + 았다)
나는 창문을 열다 = I open the window (note that this sentence is _unconjugated_)
- The last vowel in the stem is ㅕ. This is not ㅏ or ㅗ. So we add 었다 to the stem:
- 나는 창문을 열었다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s5.mp3" /> = I opened the window (열 + 었다)
나는 한국어를 공부하다 = I study Korean (note that this sentence is _unconjugated_)
- The last syllable in the stem is “하”. Therefore, we add ~였다 to the stem:
- 나는 한국어를 공부하였다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s6.mp3" /> = I studied Korean (공부하 + 였다)
What makes this complicated (at first) is that for verbs that have a last syllable that end in a vowel (including 하다), the ~았다/었다 gets merged to the actual stem itself. This is how ~아 and ~어 merge with syllables ending in a vowel:
@@ -899,88 +910,101 @@ What makes this complicated (at first) is that for verbs that have a last syllab
- 어 + 어 = 어 (example: 나서 + 었다 = 나섰다)
- 여 + 어 = 여 (example: 켜다 + 었다 = 켰다)
- 하 + 여 = 해 (example: 공부하다 + 였다 = 공부했다)
_Although_ 하 + 여 *can be written as “*해*,” there will be some situations (usually official documents) where you will see “*하여*” used instead of “*해<em>.” This comes up a lot on [street signs](https://youtu.be/s2chwbAsJHM).</em>
- Words where the last vowel is “ㅡ” (for example: 잠그다) are complicated and will be covered in [Lesson 7](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-7/).
_Although_ 하 + 여 can be written as “_해_,” there will be some situations (usually official documents) where you will see “_하여_” used instead of “_해_.” This comes up a lot on [street signs].
<YouTube id=s2chwbAsJHM />
Words where the last vowel is “ㅡ” (for example: 잠그다) are complicated and will be covered in [Lesson 7](./07-irregulars.md).
---
Many people have asked me “how do I merge ~아/어 to complex vowels like ㅠ, ㅑ, ㅔ, etc…?” You will find that the stem of almost all verbs and adjectives in Korean do not end in these complex vowels. The most common words I can think of that have stem that ends in one of these complex vowels are:
바래다 (to fade)
매다 (to tie up)
메다 (to put on/carry something on one’s shoulder)
- 바래다 (to fade)
- 매다 (to tie up)
- 메다 (to put on/carry something on one’s shoulder)
With these words (and others like it), the same rule applies as above. That is, the final vowel does not end in ㅏ or ㅗ, so we need to add “어” plus whatever we are adding. With these complex vowels, it is irrelevant if you merge the addition to the stem. Both forms (merged and non-merged) would be correct.
For example:
바래 + 었다 = 바랬다 or 바래었다
매다 + 었다 = 맸다 or 매었다
메다 + 었다 = 멨다 or 메었다
- 바래 + 었다 = 바랬다 or 바래었다
- 매다 + 었다 = 맸다 or 매었다
- 메다 + 었다 = 멨다 or 메었다
---
Here is a more detailed breakdown:
가다 = to go
The last vowel in the stem is ㅏ. So we add 았다 to the stem.
나는 박물관에 가았다
But, because the stem ends in a vowel, 았다 can merge with 가:
나는 박물관에 갔다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s7.mp3" /> = I went to the museum
- The last vowel in the stem is ㅏ. So we add 았다 to the stem.
- 나는 박물관에 가았다
- But, because the stem ends in a vowel, 았다 can merge with 가:
- 나는 박물관에 갔다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s7.mp3" /> = I went to the museum
오다 = to come
The last vowel in the stem is ㅗ. So we add 았다 to the stem.
삼촌은 가게에 오았다
But, because the stem ends in a vowel, 았다 can merge with 오:
삼촌은 가게에 왔다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s8.mp3" /> = (My) uncle came to the store
- The last vowel in the stem is ㅗ. So we add 았다 to the stem.
- 삼촌은 가게에 오았다
- But, because the stem ends in a vowel, 았다 can merge with 오:
- 삼촌은 가게에 왔다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s8.mp3" /> = (My) uncle came to the store
배우다 = to learn
The last vowel in the stem is ㅜ. So we add 었다 to the stem.
오빠는 영어를 배우었다
But, because the stem ends in a vowel, 었다 can merge with 우:
오빠는 영어를 배웠다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s9.mp3" /> = (My) older brother learned English
- The last vowel in the stem is ㅜ. So we add 었다 to the stem.
- 오빠는 영어를 배우었다
- But, because the stem ends in a vowel, 었다 can merge with 우:
- 오빠는 영어를 배웠다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s9.mp3" /> = (My) older brother learned English
던지다 = to throw
The last vowel in the stem is ㅣ. So we add 었다 to the stem.
나는 공을 던지었다
But, because the stem ends in a vowel, 었다 can merge with 지:
나는 공을 던졌다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-8-I-threw-the-ball.mp3" /> = I threw the ball
- The last vowel in the stem is ㅣ. So we add 었다 to the stem.
- 나는 공을 던지었다
- But, because the stem ends in a vowel, 었다 can merge with 지:
- 나는 공을 던졌다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-8-I-threw-the-ball.mp3" /> = I threw the ball
건너다 = to cross
The last vowel in the stem is ㅓ. So we add 었다 to the stem.
나는 길을 건너었다
But, because the stem ends in a vowel, 었다 can merge with 너:
나는 길을 건넜다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-9-I-crossed-the-street.mp3" /> = I crossed the street
- The last vowel in the stem is ㅓ. So we add 었다 to the stem.
- 나는 길을 건너었다
- But, because the stem ends in a vowel, 었다 can merge with 너:
- 나는 길을 건넜다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-9-I-crossed-the-street.mp3" /> = I crossed the street
만나다 = to meet
The last vowel in the stem is ㅏ. So we add 았다 to the stem.
나는 친구를 만나았다
But, because the stem ends in a vowel, 았다 can merge with 나:
나는 친구를 만났다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-5-I-met-friends.mp3" /> = I met friends
- The last vowel in the stem is ㅏ. So we add 았다 to the stem.
- 나는 친구를 만나았다
- But, because the stem ends in a vowel, 았다 can merge with 나:
- 나는 친구를 만났다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-5-I-met-friends.mp3" /> = I met friends
공부하다 = to study
The last vowel in the stem is 하. So, we add 였다 to the stem.
나는 한국어를 공부하였다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s6.mp3" />
But, 하 and 여 can be merged to formed 해:
나는 한국어를 공부했다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-7-I-studied-Korean.mp3" /> = I studied Korean
_Future Tense_
- The last vowel in the stem is 하. So, we add 였다 to the stem.
- 나는 한국어를 공부하였다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s6.mp3" />
- But, 하 and 여 can be merged to formed 해:
- 나는 한국어를 공부했다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-7-I-studied-Korean.mp3" /> = I studied Korean
#### Future Tense
Future tense is easy, and is simply a matter of adding “~겠다” to the stem of a word. Unlike the past and present tense conjugations, there is no difference if the stem ends in a vowel or a consonant. For example:
나는 먹다 = I eat (_unconjugated)_
나는 먹겠다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s10.mp3" /> = I will eat
나는 먹다 = I eat (_unconjugated_)
나는 가다 = I go (_unconjugated)_
나는 가겠다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-11-I-will-go.mp3" /> = I will go
- 나는 먹겠다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s10.mp3" /> = I will eat
나는 배우다 = I learn (_unconjugated)_
나는 배우겠다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-10-I-will-learn.mp3" /> = I will learn
나는 가다 = I go (_unconjugated_)
- 나는 가겠다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-11-I-will-go.mp3" /> = I will go
나는 배우다 = I learn (_unconjugated_)
- 나는 배우겠다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-10-I-will-learn.mp3" /> = I will learn
Two verbs specifically that are often conjugated in the future tense without actually having a meaning in the future tenses are 알다(to know) and 모르다(to not know). I don’t want to make any example sentences (because they would be too complicated at this point), but it would be good to remember that the words 알다 and 모르다 are often conjugated to 알겠다 or 모르겠다. Although they are conjugated to the future tense, those two words are typically used to express that somebody knows/doesn’t know something in the present tense.
Also note that the ending of the conjugation will often change as well depending on the different honorifics that you will learn in the [next lesson](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-6/).
Also note that the ending of the conjugation will often change as well depending on the different honorifics that you will learn in the [next lesson](./06-honorifics.md).
Check out the table giving a breakdown of verbs in the past, present and future forms:
@@ -994,53 +1018,54 @@ Check out the table giving a breakdown of verbs in the past, present and future
| 오다 | 오 | 왔다 | 온다 | 오겠다 |
| 던지다 | 던지 | 던졌다 | 던진다 | 던지겠다 |
Adjectives
_Present Tense_
### Adjectives
#### Present Tense
You learned previously that you need to add ~ㄴ/는다 to a verb stem in order to conjugate it in the present tense. In order to conjugate an adjective into the present tense you don’t need to do anything! Just leave the adjective as it is, and it is conjugated in the present tense. Some examples:
그 선생님은 아름답다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-teacher-is-beautiful.mp3" /> = that teacher is beautiful
그 길은 길다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-road-is-long.mp3" /> = that street is long
나의 손은 크다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-12-My-hands-are-big.mp3" /> = my hand is big
- 그 선생님은 아름답다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-teacher-is-beautiful.mp3" /> = that teacher is beautiful
- 그 길은 길다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-road-is-long.mp3" /> = that street is long
- 나의 손은 크다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-12-My-hands-are-big.mp3" /> = my hand is big
_Past tense_
#### Past tense
In order to conjugate adjectives to the past tense, you must follow the same rule as when you conjugate verbs to the past tense. This rule, again, is:
You must add 았다 or 었다 to the stem of a word. 았다 is added to words with the last vowel being ㅗ or ㅏ, and 었다 is added to words with the last vowel being anything but ㅏ or ㅗ. For example:
그 길은 길었다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-road-was-long.mp3" /> = That street was long (길 + 었다)
그 음식은 맛있었다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-food-was-delicious.mp3" /> = That food was delicious (맛있 + 었다)
그 선생님은 좋았다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-teacher-was-good.mp3" /> = That teacher was good (좋 + 았다)
그 식당이 오래되었다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-13-That-restaurant-is-old.mp3" /> = That restaurant is old\*\*\* (오래되 + 었다)
- 그 길은 길었다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-road-was-long.mp3" /> = That street was long (길 + 었다)
- 그 음식은 맛있었다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-food-was-delicious.mp3" /> = That food was delicious (맛있 + 었다)
- 그 선생님은 좋았다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-teacher-was-good.mp3" /> = That teacher was good (좋 + 았다)
- 그 식당이 오래되었다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-13-That-restaurant-is-old.mp3" /> = That restaurant is old\*\*\* (오래되 + 었다)
---
*The meaning of “*오래되다*” is not “old” in a bad, negative sense. Rather, it is indicating that something has existed for a long time, and now it is “old.” A more appropriate way to indicate that something is “old and decrepit” is to use the word “*낡다*”… not to be confused with the word “*늙다*”, which refers to an “old” person.*
The meaning of “_오래되다_” is not “old” in a bad, negative sense. Rather, it is indicating that something has existed for a long time, and now it is “old.” A more appropriate way to indicate that something is “old and decrepit” is to use the word “_낡다_”… not to be confused with the word “_늙다_”, which refers to an “old” person.
*This is a little bit complicated for you now, but although ~*었다 _is attached to_ 되 *to make “*되었다*”, this can be contracted. Teaching this is not the focus of this lesson, so don’t worry about this for now. You will learn more about* 되다 *in future lessons. See [Lesson 9](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/unit-1-lesson-9/) or [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/) for lessons nearby that discuss ‘*되다*.’*
This is a little bit complicated for you now, but although ~_었다_ is attached to _되_ to make “_되었다_”, this can be contracted. Teaching this is not the focus of this lesson, so don’t worry about this for now. You will learn more about _되다_ in future lessons. See [Lesson 9](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/unit-1-lesson-9/) or [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/) for lessons nearby that discuss ‘_되다_.’
_Also, while_ 되다 _is commonly used and conjugated as a verb, in this case,_ 오래되다 *is an adjective. Which means that [in addition to other ways it will change when used with other grammatical principles], ~*ㄴ _can be added to it to describe an upcoming noun._
Also, while _되다_ is commonly used and conjugated as a verb, in this case, _오래되다_ is an adjective. Which means that [in addition to other ways it will change when used with other grammatical principles], ~_ㄴ_ can be added to it to describe an upcoming noun.
For example: 우리는 오래된 집에 갔다 = We went to the old house
For example:
- 우리는 오래된 집에 갔다 = We went to the old house
---
Just like with verbs, if the final letter of a verb/adjective stem is a vowel, ~았다/었다 can be merged to the actual stem itself:
이것은 비쌌다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/This-was-expensive.mp3" /> = This was expensive (비싸 + 았다)
그 남자는 잘생겼다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-man-is-handsome.mp3" /> = That man was handsome (잘생기 + 었다)
그 사람은 뚱뚱했다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-person-was-fat.mp3" /> = That person was fat (뚱뚱하 + 였다)
- 이것은 비쌌다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/This-was-expensive.mp3" /> = This was expensive (비싸 + 았다)
- 그 남자는 잘생겼다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-man-is-handsome.mp3" /> = That man was handsome (잘생기 + 었다)
- 그 사람은 뚱뚱했다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-person-was-fat.mp3" /> = That person was fat (뚱뚱하 + 였다)
[![|1192x292](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Unit-1-Amazona.png)](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/amazon/)
_Future tense_
#### Future tense
Conjugating adjectives into the future tense is the same as conjugating verbs into the future tense. All you need to do is add 겠다 to the stem of the adjective:
나는 행복하겠다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-14-I-will-be-happy.mp3" /> = I will be happy
그것은 맛있겠다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-thing-is-delicious.mp3" /> = That thing will be delicious
나는 배고프겠다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-15-I-will-be-hungry.mp3" /> = I will be hungry
- 나는 행복하겠다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-14-I-will-be-happy.mp3" /> = I will be happy
- 그것은 맛있겠다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-thing-is-delicious.mp3" /> = That thing will be delicious
- 나는 배고프겠다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-5-15-I-will-be-hungry.mp3" /> = I will be hungry
In general, not only is this basic form rare in conversation, but Korean people do not use adjectives in the future as often as English speakers.
@@ -1054,7 +1079,7 @@ Check out the table giving a breakdown of adjectives in the past, present and fu
| 맛있다 | 맛있 | 맛있었다 | 맛있다 | 맛있겠다 |
| 낡다 | 낡 | 낡았다 | 낡다 | 낡겠다 |
Conjugating 있다 and 있다
#### Conjugating 있다 and 있다
있다 is one of the most complex and versatile words in Korean. Unfortunately, it is also one of the most common words. It is often very difficult for learners of a language to fully understand some of the most commonly used words in whatever language they are studying. For example, a native English speaker might think that the word “the” is one of the easiest words as it is used so frequently. However, try explaining the meaning and purpose of “the” to a Korean person and you will quickly discover that its usage is very complex.
@@ -1062,17 +1087,17 @@ Conjugating 있다 and 있다
있다 is an adjective when it is used to indicate that one “has” something. You learned these sentences in [Lesson 2](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-2/):
나는 펜이 있다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s11.mp3" /> = I have a pen
나는 차가 있다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s12.mp3" /> = I have a car
나는 가방이 있다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s13.mp3" /> = I have a bag
- 나는 펜이 있다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s11.mp3" /> = I have a pen
- 나는 차가 있다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s12.mp3" /> = I have a car
- 나는 가방이 있다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s13.mp3" /> = I have a bag
Because this 있다 is considered an adjective, we follow the rule for conjugating an adjective to the present tense – which is do nothing and leave the adjective the way it is. So, those three sentences above are perfectly conjugated and grammatically correct.
When 있다 is used to indicate that something/someone is “at/in” a location, it is also an adjective. This is also very difficult for an English speaker to wrap their head around. You learned these sentences in [Lesson 2](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-2/):
나는 은행 안에 있다 = I am inside the bank
개는 집 안에 있다 = The dog is in the house
고양이는 의자 밑에 있다 = The cat is under the chair
- 나는 은행 안에 있다 = I am inside the bank
- 개는 집 안에 있다 = The dog is in the house
- 고양이는 의자 밑에 있다 = The cat is under the chair
Again, because this usage of 있다 is considered an adjective, we follow the rule for conjugating an adjective to the present tense – which is do nothing and leave the adjective the way it is. So, those three sentences above are perfectly conjugated in the plain form and grammatically correct.
docs/index.md
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tagline: "Korean grammar edited"
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- [Lesson 5: Past, Present, Future](./howtostudykorean/unit-1/05-tenses.md)
- [Lesson 6: Honorifics](./howtostudykorean/unit-1/06-honorifics.md)
- [Lesson 7: Irregulars](./howtostudykorean/unit-1/07-irregulars.md)
- [Lesson 8: Adverbs](./howtostudykorean/unit-1/08-adverbs.md)