diff --git a/docs/.vitepress/theme/components/VocabQuiz.vue b/docs/.vitepress/theme/components/VocabQuiz.vue index 6a15af9..e79420c 100644 --- a/docs/.vitepress/theme/components/VocabQuiz.vue +++ b/docs/.vitepress/theme/components/VocabQuiz.vue @@ -210,23 +210,31 @@ watch(quizState, () => { saveQuizState(); }); +let timeoutSetExNotes = 0; + watch(example, () => { - exNotes.value = ""; - if (!example.value) return; + if (timeoutSetExNotes) return; - if (supabase) { - let { ko } = example.value; - ko = ko.replaceAll("**", ""); + timeoutSetExNotes = window.setTimeout(() => { + timeoutSetExNotes = 0; - supabase - .from("sentence-explain") - .select("explain") - .eq("ko", ko) - .then((r) => { - if (!r.data?.[0]) return; - exNotes.value = r.data[0].explain; - }); - } + exNotes.value = ""; + if (!example.value) return; + + if (supabase) { + let { ko } = example.value; + ko = ko.replaceAll("**", ""); + + supabase + .from("sentence-explain") + .select("explain") + .eq("ko", ko) + .then((r) => { + if (!r.data?.[0]) return; + exNotes.value = r.data[0].explain; + }); + } + }, 50); }); const vocabulary: Record = {}; @@ -450,9 +458,7 @@ async function explainSentence(ko: string) { } if (supabase) { - console.log(supabase); const user_id = await supabase.auth.getUser().then((r) => r.data.user?.id); - console.log(user_id); await supabase.from("sentence-explain").upsert( { diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/23-ㅎ-irregulars-colors.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/23-ㅎ-irregulars-colors.md index 9b788c4..7fdfea3 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/23-ㅎ-irregulars-colors.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/23-ㅎ-irregulars-colors.md @@ -166,6 +166,282 @@ vocabulary: en: That **couple** got married 50 years ago - ko: 저는 그런 **부부**가 되고 싶어요 en: I want to be that kind of **couple** + + verbs: + - ko: 변경하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v21.mp3 + en: to change + examples: + - ko: 시간이 부족해서 우리는 계획을 **변경해**야 돼요 + en: We need to **change** the plans because of the lack of time + + - ko: 들르다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v22.mp3 + en: to stop by + notes: 들르다 follows the 르 irregular + examples: + - ko: 죄송해요! 저는 잠깐 집에 **들러**야 돼요 + en: Sorry! I need to **pop into** the house for a second + + - ko: 내려오다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v23.mp3 + en: to come down + notes: Compound verb of 내리다 and 오다. + examples: + - ko: 예쁜 신부는 계단에서 **내려왔어요** + en: The beautiful bride **came down** the stairs + + - ko: 내려가다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v24.mp3 + en: to go down + notes: | +

Compound verb of 내리다 and 가다.

+

This is also used to refer to going down (geographically) in the country.

+

This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 16]

+

+ examples: + - ko: 지금 점점 어두워지고 있어서 우리는 산에서 **내려가**야 돼요 + en: We need to **go down** the mountain, because it is gradually getting darker + - ko: 우리는 부산으로 **내려갔어요** + en: We **went down** to Busan + + - ko: 드러내다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Lesson23vocabtoreveal.mp3 + en: to reveal, to show + examples: + - ko: 그녀는 처음으로 그녀의 감정을 **드러냈어요** + en: For the first time, she **revealed** her emotions + - ko: 남자는 자기 근육을 여자들에게 **드러냈어요** + en: The man **revealed** his muscles to the girls + + - ko: 발표하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v25.mp3 + en: to announce + notes: The noun form of this word translates to "announcement" or "presentation" + examples: + - ko: 제가 너무 부끄러워서 **발표**를 못해요 + en: I can't do **presentations** because I am so shy + - ko: 간부들은 그 결과를 회의에서 **발표했어요** + en: The executives **announced** that result at the meeting + + passive_verbs: + - ko: 드러나다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v26.mp3 + en: to be revealed, to be shown + examples: + - ko: 그 사람의 정체가 **드러났어요** + en: That person's identity **was revealed** + + adjectives: + - ko: 푸르다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v27.mp3 + en: to be sea blue + notes: | +

푸르다 gets conjugated into 푸르러(요) when ~아/어 is added to it.

+

I don't know of any other word that acts like this.

+ examples: + - ko: 해가 뜨기 전에 하늘은 **푸르러요** + en: The sky was **sea blue** before the sunrise + + - ko: 노랗다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v28.mp3 + en: to be yellow + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "노라타"

+

노랗다 follows the ㅎ irregular

+ examples: + - ko: 저 **노란** 집이 예뻐요 + en: That **yellow** house is pretty + - ko: 저 **노란**색 집이 예뻐요 + en: That **yellow** (colored) house is pretty + - ko: 불이 **노래요** + en: The light is **yellow** + + - ko: 빨갛다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v29.mp3 + en: to be red + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "빨가타"

+

빨갛다 follows the ㅎ irregular

+ examples: + - ko: 얼굴이 왜 이렇게 **빨개요**? + en: Why is your face so **red**? + - ko: "**빨간** 사과는 가장 맛있어요" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson23-2.mp3 + en: "**Red** apples are the most delicious" + - ko: 그녀는 **빨간** 셔츠를 입고 있다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson23-3.mp3 + en: She is wearing a **red** shirt + + - ko: 하얗다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v30.mp3 + en: to be white + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "하야타"

+

하얗다 follows the ㅎ irregular

+ examples: + - ko: "**하얀색**은 가장 순수한 색깔이에요" + en: "**White** is the purest color" + - ko: 나는 **하얀** 차를 사고 싶어 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson23-4.mp3 + en: I want to buy a **white** car + + - ko: 까맣다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v31.mp3 + en: to be black + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "까마타"

+

까맣다 follows the ㅎ irregular

+ examples: + - ko: 그 남자는 매일 **까만색** 옷을 입어요 + en: That man wears **black** clothes every day + - ko: 저는 보통 **까만** 양복을 입어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Lesson23-2.mp3 + en: I usually wear **black** suits + + - ko: 파랗다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v32.mp3 + en: to be blue + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "파라타"

+

파랗다 follows the ㅎ irregular

+ examples: + - ko: "**파란** 눈이 있는 남자가 가장 잘생겼어요" + en: Men with **blue** eyes are the most handsome + + - ko: 섬세하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v33.mp3 + en: to be delicate + examples: + - ko: 소설가의 설명은 아주 **섬세해요** + en: The novelists explanation is very **delicate/sophisticated** + + - ko: 이렇다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Lesson23n1.mp3 + en: to be like this + notes: | +

It is hard to describe the meaning of 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 without any other grammatical principle added to it. Much like 이, 그 and 저 can mean "this," "that" and "that;" 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 can mean "like this," "like that" and "like that."

+

It is easier to describe and understand the meaning of these words when other grammatical principles are attached to it. ~ㄴ/은 (Lesson 4) is often added to 이렇다 (to create 이런) to describe a noun.

+

~게 (Lesson 8) is often added to 이렇다 (to create 이렇게) to turn it into an adverb.

+

When Korean people ask a "why" question, they often stress "why" by using 이렇게.

+ examples: + - ko: "**이런** 일은 위험하다" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson23-35.mp3 + en: "**This type** of work is dangerous" + - ko: "**이런** 차는 너무 커요" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson23-36.mp3 + en: "**This type** of car is too big" + - ko: 대부분 사람들은 **이런** 음식을 좋아해요 + en: Most people like **this kind** of food + - ko: 저는 **이렇게** 하고 싶어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson23-37.mp3 + en: I want to do it **like this** + - ko: "**이렇게** 아프면 약을 먹어야 돼요!" + en: If you are **this** sick, you should take some medicine! + - ko: 저는 **이렇게** 많은 단어를 외울 수 없어요 + en: I can't memorize **this** many words + - ko: 왜 **이렇게** 일찍 가요? + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson23-38.mp3 + en: Why are you going so early (**like this**)? + - ko: 이 일은 왜 **이렇게** 어려워요? + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson23-39.mp3 + en: Why is this so hard (**like this**)? + - ko: 이 인터넷은 왜 **이렇게** 느려요? + en: Why is this internet so slow (**like this**)? + - ko: 손톱을 왜 **이렇게** 짧게 잘랐어요? + en: Why did you cut your nails so short (**like this**)? + + - ko: 그렇다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Lesson23n2.mp3 + en: to be like that + notes: | +

It is hard to describe the meaning of 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 without any other grammatical principle added to it. Much like 이, 그 and 저 can mean "this," "that" and "that;" 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 can mean "like this," "like that" and "like that."

+

It is easier to describe and understand the meaning of these words when other grammatical principles are attached to it. ~ㄴ/은 (Lesson 4) is often added to 그렇다 (to create 그런) to describe a noun.

+

~게 (Lesson 8) is often added to 그렇다 (to create 그렇게) to turn it into an adverb.

+

Many other grammatical principles are commonly added to 그렇다. I discuss this more in the actual lesson below.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 **그런** 사람을 믿지 않아요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson23-40.mp3 + en: I don't trust **that type of** person/**those types of** people + - ko: 저는 과거에 **그런** 행동을 많이 했어요 + en: I acted **like that** a lot in the past + - ko: 저는 **그런** 것을 좋아하지 않아요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson23-41.mp3 + en: I don't like **that type** of thing + - ko: 저는 **그렇게** 운동 하고 싶어요 + en: I want to exercise **like that** + - ko: 왜 **그렇게** 행복해 보여요? + en: Why do you look so happy? (**like that**) + - ko: "**그렇게** 하지 마!" + en: Don't do it **like that**! + - ko: "**그렇게** 할 필요가 없어요" + en: You don't need to do it **like that** + - ko: 저도 **그렇게** 생각해요 + en: I think **that way** as well + + - ko: 저렇다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Lesson23n3.mp3 + en: to be like that + notes: | +

It is hard to describe the meaning of 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 without any other grammatical principle added to it. Much like 이, 그 and 저 can mean "this," "that" and "that;" 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 can mean "like this," "like that" and "like that."

+

It is easier to describe and understand the meaning of these words when other grammatical principles are attached to it. ~ㄴ/은 (Lesson 4) is often added to 저렇다 (to create 저런) to describe a noun.

+

~게 (Lesson 8) is often added to 저렇다 (to create 저렇게) to turn it into an adverb.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 **저런** 여자를 좋아하지 않아요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson23-44.mp3 + en: I don't like **that kind of** girl + - ko: 저는 **저런** 차를 사고 싶어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Lesson23-28.mp3 + en: I want to buy **that type of** car + - ko: 아빠는 왜 **저렇게** 말하고 있어요? + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson23-46.mp3 + en: Why is dad talking **like that**? + - ko: 저 사람이 왜 **저렇게** 걸어요? + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Lesson23-29.mp3 + en: Why is that person walking **like that**? + + adverbs: + - ko: 대부분 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v40.mp3 + en: most + notes: | +

Placed immediately before a noun to say "most."

+

Often times "의" is attached to 대부분 when it describes an upcoming noun.

+ examples: + - ko: "**대부분의** 사람들은 아침밥을 먹지 않는다" + en: "**Most** people don't eat breakfast" + - ko: "**대부분** 사람들은 이런 음식을 좋아해요" + en: "**Most** people like this kind of food" + - ko: "**대부분**의 원숭이는 나무에서 살아요" + en: "**Most** monkeys live in trees" + + - ko: 송이 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v41.mp3 + en: counter for "bunch" of bananas or single flower + notes: You can use the word "꽃다발" to indicate that you bought a bunch or "bouquet" of flowers. + examples: + - ko: 저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 꽃 한 **송이**를 샀어요 + en: I bought **one** flower for my girlfriend + - ko: 그 마트에서 바나나 한 **송이**가 얼마예요 + en: How much is **one bushel of** bananas at that mart? + + - ko: 종류 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v42.mp3 + en: counter for a "type/kind of thing" + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "종뉴"

+

종류 and 가지 have the same meaning. They are used as a counter when you are talking about types of things.

+ examples: + - ko: "어떤 **종류**의 차를 원해요?" + en: What **type** of car do you want? + + - ko: 가지 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v43.mp3 + en: counter for a "type of thing" + notes: 종류 and 가지 have the same meaning. They are used as a counter when you are talking about types of things. + examples: + - ko: 나는 세 **가지**의 차가 있어 + en: I have three **types** of tea --- # Lesson 23: ㅎ Irregular: Colors, 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 @@ -460,7 +736,8 @@ Examples:
Example: -시간이 부족해서 우리는 계획을 **변경해**야 돼요 = We need to **change** the plans because of the lack of time + +- 시간이 부족해서 우리는 계획을 **변경해**야 돼요 = We need to **change** the plans because of the lack of time
@@ -471,10 +748,12 @@ Example: 들르다 follows the 르 irregular Common Usages: -들렀다 가다 = to pop in somewhere for a bit, and then leave + +- 들렀다 가다 = to pop in somewhere for a bit, and then leave Example: -죄송해요! 저는 잠깐 집에 **들러**야 돼요 = Sorry! I need to **pop into** the house for a second + +- 죄송해요! 저는 잠깐 집에 **들러**야 돼요 = Sorry! I need to **pop into** the house for a second @@ -482,10 +761,13 @@ Example:
-Notes: Compound verb of 내리다 and 오다. +Notes: + +Compound verb of 내리다 and 오다. Example: -예쁜 신부는 계단에서 **내려왔어요** = The beautiful bride **came down** the stairs + +- 예쁜 신부는 계단에서 **내려왔어요** = The beautiful bride **came down** the stairs
@@ -497,13 +779,16 @@ This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 16] -Notes: Compound verb of 내리다 and 가다. +Notes: + +Compound verb of 내리다 and 가다. This is also used to refer to going down (geographically) in the country. Example: -지금 점점 어두워지고 있어서 우리는 산에서 **내려가**야 돼요 = We need to **go down** the mountain, because it is gradually getting darker -우리는 부산으로 **내려갔어요** = We **went down** to Busan + +- 지금 점점 어두워지고 있어서 우리는 산에서 **내려가**야 돼요 = We need to **go down** the mountain, because it is gradually getting darker +- 우리는 부산으로 **내려갔어요** = We **went down** to Busan @@ -512,12 +797,14 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -마음을 드러내다 = to reveal one’s emotions/heart -몸을 드러내다 = to reveal one’s body + +- 마음을 드러내다 = to reveal one’s emotions/heart +- 몸을 드러내다 = to reveal one’s body Example: -그녀는 처음으로 그녀의 감정을 **드러냈어요** = For the first time, she **revealed** her emotions -남자는 자기 근육을 여자들에게 **드러냈어요** = The man **revealed** his muscles to the girls + +- 그녀는 처음으로 그녀의 감정을 **드러냈어요** = For the first time, she **revealed** her emotions +- 남자는 자기 근육을 여자들에게 **드러냈어요** = The man **revealed** his muscles to the girls
@@ -525,22 +812,24 @@ Example:
-The noun form of this word translates to “announcement” or “presentation” +The noun form of this word translates to “announcement” or “presentation” Example: -제가 너무 부끄러워서 **발표**를 못해요 = I can’t do **presentations** because I am so shy -간부들은 그 결과를 회의에서 **발표했어요** = The executives **announced** that result at the meeting -### Passive Verbs +- 제가 너무 부끄러워서 **발표**를 못해요 = I can’t do **presentations** because I am so shy +- 간부들은 그 결과를 회의에서 **발표했어요** = The executives **announced** that result at the meeting
+### Passive Verbs + 드러나다 = to be revealed, to be shown
Example: -그 사람의 정체가 **드러났어요** = That person’s identity **was revealed** + +- 그 사람의 정체가 **드러났어요** = That person’s identity **was revealed**
@@ -550,11 +839,15 @@ Example:
-Notes: 푸르다 gets conjugated into 푸르러(요) when \~아/어 is added to it. +Notes: + +푸르다 gets conjugated into 푸르러(요) when \~아/어 is added to it. + I don’t know of any other word that acts like this. Example: -해가 뜨기 전에 하늘은 **푸르러요** = The sky was **sea blue** before the sunrise + +- 해가 뜨기 전에 하늘은 **푸르러요** = The sky was **sea blue** before the sunrise
@@ -567,12 +860,14 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “노라타” 노랗다 follows the ㅎ irregular Idioms: -싹수가 노랗다 = to have a bad future ahead of you + +- ⁠싹수가 노랗다 = to have a bad future ahead of you Examples: -저 노란 집이 예뻐요 = That yellow house is pretty -저 노란색 집이 예뻐요 = That yellow (colored) house is pretty -불이 노래요 = The light is yellow + +- 저 **노란** 집이 예뻐요 = That **yellow** house is pretty +- 저 **노란**색 집이 예뻐요 = That **yellow** (colored) house is pretty +- 불이 **노래요** = The light is **yellow** @@ -585,12 +880,13 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “빨가타” 빨갛다 follows the ㅎ irregular Common Usages: -빨간색 = the color red -얼굴이 빨갛다 = for a face to be red + +- 빨간색 = the color red +- 얼굴이 빨갛다 = for a face to be red Example: -- 얼굴이 왜 이렇게 **빨개요**? = Why is your face so **red**? +- 얼굴이 왜 이렇게 **빨개요**? = Why is your face so **red**? - **빨간** 사과는 가장 맛있어요 = **Red** apples are the most delicious - 그녀는 **빨간** 셔츠를 입고 있다 = She is wearing a **red** shirt @@ -605,11 +901,12 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “하야타” 하얗다 follows the ㅎ irregular Common Usages: -하얀색 = the color white + +- 하얀색 = the color white Example: -- **하얀색**은 가장 순수한 색깔이에요 = **White** is the purest color +- **하얀색**은 가장 순수한 색깔이에요 = **White** is the purest color - 나는 **하얀** 차를 사고 싶어 = I want to buy a **white** car @@ -623,11 +920,12 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “까마타” 까맣다 follows the ㅎ irregular Common Usages: -까만 색 = the color black + +- 까만 색 = the color black Examples: -- 그 남자는 매일 **까만색** 옷을 입어요 = That man wears **black** clothes every day +- 그 남자는 매일 **까만색** 옷을 입어요 = That man wears **black** clothes every day - 저는 보통 **까만** 양복을 입어요 = I usually wear **black** suits @@ -641,10 +939,12 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “파라타” 파랗다 follows the ㅎ irregular Common Usages: -파란색 = the color blue + +- 파란색 = the color blue Example: -**파란** 눈이 있는 남자가 가장 잘생겼어요 = Men with **blue** eyes are the most handsome + +- **파란** 눈이 있는 남자가 가장 잘생겼어요 = Men with **blue** eyes are the most handsome @@ -653,10 +953,12 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -감정이 섬세하다 = for one’s emotions to be delicate + +- 감정이 섬세하다 = for one’s emotions to be delicate Example: -소설가의 설명은 아주 **섬세해요** = The novelists explanation is very **delicate/sophisticated** + +- 소설가의 설명은 아주 **섬세해요** = The novelists explanation is very **delicate/sophisticated**
@@ -664,26 +966,26 @@ Example:
-It is hard to describe the meaning of 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 without any other grammatical principle added to it. Much like 이, 그 and 저 can mean “this,” “that” and “that;” 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 can mean “like this,” “like that” and “like that.” +It is hard to describe the meaning of 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 without any other grammatical principle added to it. Much like 이, 그 and 저 can mean “this,” “that” and “that;” 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 can mean “like this,” “like that” and “like that.” -It is easier to describe and understand the meaning of these words when other grammatical principles are attached to it. \~ㄴ/은 ([Lesson 4](./04-adjectives.md)) is often added to 이렇다 (to create 이런 ) to describe a noun. For example: +It is easier to describe and understand the meaning of these words when other grammatical principles are attached to it. \~ㄴ/은 ([Lesson 4](./04-adjectives.md)) is often added to 이렇다 (to create 이런 ) to describe a noun. For example: - **이런** 일은 위험하다 = **This type** of work is dangerous - **이런** 차는 너무 커요 = **This type** of car is too big - 대부분 사람들은 **이런** 음식을 좋아해요 = Most people like **this kind** of food +- 대부분 사람들은 **이런** 음식을 좋아해요 = Most people like **this kind** of food -\~게 ([Lesson 8](./08-adverbs.md)) is often added to 이렇다 (to create 이렇게 ) to turn it into an adverb. For example: +\~게 ([Lesson 8](./08-adverbs.md)) is often added to 이렇다 (to create 이렇게 ) to turn it into an adverb. For example: -- 저는 **이렇게** 하고 싶어요 = I want to do it \*\*like this -- 이렇게** 아프면 약을 먹어야 돼요! = If you are **this\*\* sick, you should take some medicine! -- 저는 **이렇게** 많은 단어를 외울 수 없어요 = I can’t memorize **this** many words +- 저는 **이렇게** 하고 싶어요 = I want to do it **like this** +- **이렇게** 아프면 약을 먹어야 돼요! = If you are **this** sick, you should take some medicine! +- 저는 **이렇게** 많은 단어를 외울 수 없어요 = I can’t memorize **this** many words When Korean people ask a “why” question, they often stress “why” by using 이렇게. For example: - 왜 **이렇게** 일찍 가요? = Why are you going so early (**like this**)? - 이 일은 왜 **이렇게** 어려워요? = Why is this so hard (**like this**)? -- 이 인터넷은 왜 **이렇게** 느려요? = Why is this internet so slow (**like this**)? -- 손톱을 왜 **이렇게** 짧게 잘랐어요? = Why did you cut your nails so short (**like this**)? +- 이 인터넷은 왜 **이렇게** 느려요? = Why is this internet so slow (**like this**)? +- 손톱을 왜 **이렇게** 짧게 잘랐어요? = Why did you cut your nails so short (**like this**)?
@@ -693,19 +995,19 @@ When Korean people ask a “why” question, they often stress “why” by usin It is hard to describe the meaning of 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 without any other grammatical principle added to it. Much like 이, 그 and 저 can mean “this,” “that” and “that;” 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 can mean “like this,” “like that” and “like that.” -It is easier to describe and understand the meaning of these words when other grammatical principles are attached to it. \~ㄴ/은 ([Lesson 4](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-4/)) is often added to 그렇다 (to create 그런 ) to describe a noun. For example: +It is easier to describe and understand the meaning of these words when other grammatical principles are attached to it. \~ㄴ/은 ([Lesson 4](./04-adjectives.md)) is often added to 그렇다 (to create 그런 ) to describe a noun. For example: - 저는 **그런** 사람을 믿지 않아요 = I don’t trust **that type of** person/**those types of** people -- 저는 과거에 **그런** 행동을 많이 했어요 = I acted **like that** a lot in the past +- 저는 과거에 **그런** 행동을 많이 했어요 = I acted **like that** a lot in the past - 저는 **그런** 것을 좋아하지 않아요 = I don’t like **that type** of thing -\~게 ([Lesson 8](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-8/)) is often added to 그렇다 (to create 그렇게 ) to turn it into an adverb. For example: +\~게 ([Lesson 8](./08-adverbs.md)) is often added to 그렇다 (to create 그렇게 ) to turn it into an adverb. For example: -저는 **그렇게** 운동 하고 싶어요 = I want to exercise **like that** -왜 **그렇게** 행복해 보여요? = Why do you look so happy? (like that) -**그렇게** 하지 마! = Don’t do it **like that**! -**그렇게** 할 필요가 없어요 = You don’t need to do it **like that** -저도 **그렇게** 생각해요 = I think **that way** as well +- 저는 **그렇게** 운동 하고 싶어요 = I want to exercise **like that** +- 왜 **그렇게** 행복해 보여요? = Why do you look so happy? (**like that**) +- **그렇게** 하지 마! = Don’t do it **like that**! +- **그렇게** 할 필요가 없어요 = You don’t need to do it **like that** +- 저도 **그렇게** 생각해요 = I think **that way** as well Many other grammatical principles are commonly added to 그렇다. I discuss this more in the actual lesson below. @@ -717,15 +1019,15 @@ Many other grammatical principles are commonly added to 그렇다. I discuss thi It is hard to describe the meaning of 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 without any other grammatical principle added to it. Much like 이, 그 and 저 can mean “this,” “that” and “that;” 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 can mean “like this,” “like that” and “like that.” -It is easier to describe and understand the meaning of these words when other grammatical principles are attached to it. \~ㄴ/은 ([Lesson 4](./04-adjectives.md)) is often added to 저렇다 (to create 저런 ) to describe a noun. For example: +It is easier to describe and understand the meaning of these words when other grammatical principles are attached to it. \~ㄴ/은 ([Lesson 4](./04-adjectives.md)) is often added to 저렇다 (to create 저런 ) to describe a noun. For example: -- 저는 저런 여자를 좋아하지 않아요 = I don’t like that kind of girl -- 저는 저런 차를 사고 싶어요 = I want to buy that type of car +- 저는 **저런** 여자를 좋아하지 않아요 = I don’t like **that kind of** girl +- 저는 **저런** 차를 사고 싶어요 = I want to buy **that type of** car -\~게 ([Lesson 8](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-8/)) is often added to 저렇다 (to create 저렇게 ) to turn it into an adverb. For example: +\~게 ([Lesson 8](./08-adverbs.md)) is often added to 저렇다 (to create 저렇게 ) to turn it into an adverb. For example: -- 아빠는 왜 저렇게 말하고 있어요? = Why is dad talking like that? -- 저 사람이 왜 저렇게 걸어요? = Why is that person walking like that? +- 아빠는 왜 **저렇게** 말하고 있어요? = Why is dad talking **like that**? +- 저 사람이 왜 **저렇게** 걸어요? = Why is that person walking **like that**? @@ -735,14 +1037,17 @@ It is easier to describe and understand the meaning of these words when other gr
-Notes: Placed immediately before a noun to say “most.” +Notes: + +Placed immediately before a noun to say “most.” Often times “의” is attached to 대부분 when it describes an upcoming noun. Examples: -**대부분의** 사람들은 아침밥을 먹지 않는다 = **Most** people don’t eat breakfast -**대부분** 사람들은 이런 음식을 좋아해요 = **Most** people like this kind of food -**대부분**의 원숭이는 나무에서 살아요 = **Most** monkeys live in trees + +- **대부분의** 사람들은 아침밥을 먹지 않는다 = **Most** people don’t eat breakfast +- **대부분** 사람들은 이런 음식을 좋아해요 = **Most** people like this kind of food +- **대부분**의 원숭이는 나무에서 살아요 = **Most** monkeys live in trees
@@ -750,11 +1055,14 @@ Examples:
-Notes: You can use the word “꽃다발” to indicate that you bought a bunch or “bouquet” of flowers. +Notes: + +You can use the word “꽃다발” to indicate that you bought a bunch or “bouquet” of flowers. Example: -저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 꽃 한 **송이**를 샀어요 = I bought one flower for my girlfriend -그 마트에서 바나나 한 송이가 얼마예요 = How much is one bushel of bananas at that mart? + +- 저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 꽃 한 **송이**를 샀어요 = I bought **one** flower for my girlfriend +- 그 마트에서 바나나 한 **송이**가 얼마예요 = How much is **one bushel of** bananas at that mart?
@@ -765,14 +1073,18 @@ Example: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “종뉴” Common Usages: -여러 종류의 = various types of… -몇 종류… = a few types of -어떤 종류의 = which type of -Notes: 종류 and 가지 have the same meaning. They are used as a counter when you are talking about _types_ of things. +- 여러 종류의 = various types of… +- 몇 종류… = a few types of +- 어떤 종류의 = which type of + +Notes: + +종류 and 가지 have the same meaning. They are used as a counter when you are talking about _types_ of things. Example: -[어떤 **종류**의 차를 원해요?](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2-What-type-of-car-do-you-want.m4a) = What **type** of car do you want? + +- ⁠어떤 **종류**의 차를 원해요? = What **type** of car do you want? @@ -781,11 +1093,13 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -여러 가지의 = various types of… -몇 가지… = a few types of + +- 여러 가지의 = various types of… +- 몇 가지… = a few types of Example: -[나는 세 **가지**의 차가 있어](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/1-I-have-three-types-of-cars.m4a) = I have three **types** of tea + +- ⁠나는 세 **가지**의 차가 있어 = I have three **types** of tea