From f707f2025bbf09b0abc8a8daa3ae22082e241764 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: polv Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2026 15:32:06 +0700 Subject: [PATCH] leson 17 some vocab --- .../unit-1/17-connecting-want.md | 608 ++++++++++++++---- 1 file changed, 478 insertions(+), 130 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/17-connecting-want.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/17-connecting-want.md index fef248b..02efef9 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/17-connecting-want.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/17-connecting-want.md @@ -1,7 +1,293 @@ +--- +vocabulary: + nouns: + - ko: 과일 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v1.mp3 + en: fruit + examples: + - ko: 저는 **과일**을 싫어해요 + en: I dislike **fruit** + - ko: 저는 주로 **과일**과 야채를 먹어요 + en: I mainly eat **fruits** and vegetables + - ko: 사과는 가장 맛있는 **과일**이에요 + en: Apples are the most delicious **fruit** + - ko: 저는 보통 점심식사로 **과일**만 먹어요 + en: I usually only eat **fruit** for lunch + - ko: 저는 **과일**도 좋아하고 야채도 좋아해요 + en: I like **fruit**, and I like vegetables too + + - ko: 술 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v2.mp3 + en: alcohol + examples: + - ko: "**술**을 마셨어요?" + en: Were you drinking? (did you drink **alcohol**?) + - ko: 건강해지려고 **술**을 안 마실 거예요 + en: In order to get healthy, I will not drink **alcohol** + - ko: 시간이 있으시면 **술**을 마시러 술집에 갑시다 + en: If you have time, let's go to a bar to drink **alcohol**! + + - ko: 우산 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v3.mp3 + en: umbrella + examples: + - ko: 비가 올 까봐 **우산**을 가져왔어요 + en: I was worried it would to rain so I brought an **umbrella** + + - ko: 잎 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v4.mp3 + en: leaf + examples: + - ko: 가을에 **잎**의 색깔은 변해요 + en: The color of the **leaves** changes in the fall + + - ko: 교회 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v5.mp3 + en: church + examples: + - ko: 우리 가족은 일요일마다 **교회**를 다녀요 + en: Our family goes to **church** every Sunday + - ko: 저는 내일 오전에 **교회**에 가야 돼요 + en: I have to go to **church** tomorrow in the morning + + - ko: 강 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v6.mp3 + en: river + examples: + - ko: "**강** 옆에 큰 산이 있어요" + en: There is a big mountain next to the **river** + - ko: 그 **강**은 완전히 말랐어요 + en: That **river** has completely dried up + + - ko: 계절 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v7.mp3 + en: season + examples: + - ko: 한국은 사**계절**이 있어요 + en: There are four **seasons** in Korea + + - ko: 날씨 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v8.mp3 + en: weather + examples: + - ko: 캐나다의 **날씨**는 아주 추워요 + en: Canada's **weather** is very cold + - ko: 저는 따뜻한 **날씨**를 좋아해요 + en: I like warm **weather** + - ko: 오늘 **날씨**는 어제보다 더 따뜻해요 + en: Today's **weather** is warmer than yesterday + + - ko: 부엌 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v9.mp3 + en: kitchen + examples: + - ko: 요리사들은 저녁을 **부엌**에서 준비했어요 + en: The chefs prepared the dinner in the **kitchen** + + - ko: 담임선생님 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v10.mp3 + en: homeroom teacher + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "다밈선생님" + examples: + - ko: "**담임선생님**이 누구예요?" + en: Who is your **homeroom teacher**? + - ko: 그 문제에 대해 **담임선생님**과 함께 얘기했어요 + en: I talked about that problem with my **homeroom teacher** + + - ko: 방학 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v11.mp3 + en: vacation + examples: + - ko: "**방학**은 언제야?" + en: When is **vacation**? + - ko: 저는 **방학** 동안 공부를 많이 했어요 + en: I studied a lot during **vacation** + - ko: "**방학** 동안 집에 안 갔습니까?" + en: You didn't go home during **vacation**? + - ko: 한국에서는 겨울 **방학**이 여름 **방학**보다 더 길어요 + en: In Korea, winter **vacation** is longer than summer **vacation** + - ko: 저는 **방학** 동안 책 두 권을 읽고 싶어요 + en: I want to read two books during **vacation** + - ko: "**방학** 동안 저는 학교에 있고 싶지 않아요" + en: I don't want to be at school during **vacation** + + - ko: 배 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v12.mp3 + en: pear + notes: | +

Pears in Korea look more like apples, not like typical western pears.

+ examples: + - ko: 한국 **배**는 서양 **배**와 달라요 + en: Korean **pears** are different from western **pears** + + - ko: 당근 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v13.mp3 + en: carrot + notes: | +

Young people often say "당근당근" to mean "obviously." The actual word for obviously is "당연하다," but because of the similar pronunciation, "당근" is often used as a joke.

+ examples: + - ko: "**당근**을 작은 조각으로 자르세요" + en: Cut the **carrots** into small pieces, please + - ko: 저는 **당근**을 칼로 잘라서 냉장고에 넣었어요 + en: I cut **carrots** with a knife and then put them into the fridge + + - ko: 무 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v14.mp3 + en: radish + notes: | +

A Korean radish is different from a western radish. In Canada, I am used to radishes that are red on the outside and about the size of a golf-ball. Korean radishes are about the size of an American football and green and white in color.

+ examples: + - ko: 한국 사람들은 **무**김치를 많이 먹어요 + en: Korean people eat a lot of **radish** kimchi + + - ko: 감자 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v15.mp3 + en: potato + examples: + - ko: 저는 **감자**를 30분 동안 끓였어요 + en: I boiled the **potatoes** for 30 minutes + - ko: 저는 **감자**를 칼로 잘랐어요 + en: I cut the **potatoes** with a knife + + - ko: 칼 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v16.mp3 + en: knife + examples: + - ko: 저는 감자를 **칼**로 잘랐어요 + en: I cut the potatoes with a **knife** + + - ko: 단어 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v17.mp3 + en: word + examples: + - ko: 저는 한국 **단어** 천 개를 알고 있어요 + en: I know 1000 Korean **words** + - ko: 저는 여러 가지의 **단어**를 배우고 싶어요 + en: I want to learn lots of different types of **words** + - ko: 문법은 어렵고 **단어**는 쉬워요 + en: Grammar is hard, but **words** are easy + - ko: 그 **단어**를 어떻게 발음하는 지 알아요? + en: Do you know how to pronounce that **word**? + + - ko: 문법 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v18.mp3 + en: grammar + examples: + - ko: 한국어**문법**은 아주 헷갈려요 + en: Korean **grammar** is very confusing + - ko: 제가 공부했을 때 **문법**만 공부했어요 + en: When I studied, I only studied **grammar** + - ko: 한국 **문법**은 영어 **문법**과 완전히 달라요 + en: Korean **grammar** is completely different from English **grammar** + - ko: 저는 영어 **문법**을 열심히 공부했고 시험을 잘 봤어요 + en: I studied English **grammar** hard and then did well on the test + + - ko: 발 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v19.mp3 + en: foot + examples: + - ko: 저는 너무 많이 걸어서 지금 **발**이 아파요 + en: My **feet** are sore because I walked so much + + - ko: 바다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v20.mp3 + en: sea + examples: + - ko: 저는 아이들이랑 **바다**에서 수영했어요 + en: I swam in the **sea** with the kids + - ko: "**바다** 근처에 바람이 세게 불어요" + en: The wind is strong near the **ocean** + - ko: "**바다**는 춥고 더러워요" + en: The **ocean** is cold and dirty + + - ko: 신문 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v21.mp3 + en: newspaper + examples: + - ko: 한자는 한국 **신문**에는 많이 사용돼요 + en: Hanja (Chinese characters) are used a lot in Korean **newspapers** + + - ko: 고객 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v22.mp3 + en: customer + examples: + - ko: "**고객**님들은 항상 맞아요" + en: The **customer** is (**customers** are) always right + - ko: 그 주인은 **고객님**들을 잘 대우해요 + en: That owner treats the **customers** well + - ko: 오늘 **고객**이 많고 분위기가 좋아요 + en: Today there are a lot of **customers** and the atmosphere is good + + - ko: 부자 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v23.mp3 + en: a rich person + notes: | +

In English "rich" is an adjective. Though there is an adjective in Korean that means "rich," the noun "부자" is more commonly used. Note that this is not an adjective, but a noun that means a "rich person." Therefore, when indicating that somebody is rich, Korean people usually attach 이다 to 부자. For example: "저의 친구는 부자야" = "My friend is (a) rich (person)"

+ examples: + - ko: 제 친구는 **부자**인 아버지를 자랑했어요 + en: My friend boasted about his **rich** father + - ko: 그 사람은 10년 동안 열심히 일하고 **부자**가 되었어요 + en: That person worked hard for 10 years and then became a **rich person** + + - ko: 교육 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v24.mp3 + en: education + examples: + - ko: 한국 **교육** 제도는 미국 교육 제도와 달라요 + en: Korea's **educational** system is different from America's educational system + + - ko: 기분 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v25.mp3 + en: feelings + examples: + - ko: 그 말을 들었더니 **기분**이 상했어요 + en: My **feelings** were hurt after hearing that + - ko: 그 일이 다 끝나서 지금 **기분**이 아주 좋아요 + en: Now that that work is finished, I am very **happy** + + - ko: 산 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v26.mp3 + en: mountain + notes: | +

Often found in the name of cities in Korea. For example: 부산, 울산, etc...

+

Often used to denote the names of neighborhoods that are near a particular mountain or related to mountains. For example: 도봉산, 안산, etc...

+ examples: + - ko: 여기서 **산**이 안 보여 + en: I can't see the **mountains** from here + + - ko: 순서 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v27.mp3 + en: turn (turn to go)/order + examples: + - ko: 제가 말을 할 **순서**예요 + en: It is my **turn** to speak + + - ko: 시험 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v28.mp3 + en: exam/test + examples: + - ko: 저는 내일 **시험**을 볼 거예요 + en: Tomorrow I will write an **exam** + - ko: "**시험**을 끝내기 전에 답을 확인하세요" + en: Check your answers before finishing the **test** + - ko: "**시험**을 잘 못 볼까 봐 걱정돼요" + en: I'm worried that I won't do well on the **exam** + - ko: 저는 어제 **시험**을 잘 못 봤어요 + en: I did poorly on the **exam** yesterday + - ko: 학생들의 20퍼센트만 **시험**을 합격했어요 + en: Only 20 percent of the students passed the **exam** + - ko: 학생들이 **시험**을 보는 동안 저는 그들을 감독했어요 + en: I supervised the students while they wrote an **exam** + - ko: 저는 영어 문법을 열심히 공부했고 **시험**을 잘 봤어요 + en: I studied English grammar hard and then did well on the **test** +--- + # Lesson 17: Connecting Particle \~고 and \~고 싶다 “I want to” ## Vocabulary + + ### Nouns 과일 = fruit @@ -9,16 +295,18 @@
Common Usages: -과일즙 = some sort of juice made from the juice of a fruit -과일이 상하다 = for fruit to spoil -과일이 신선하다 = for fruit to be fresh + +- 과일즙 = some sort of juice made from the juice of a fruit +- 과일이 상하다 = for fruit to spoil +- 과일이 신선하다 = for fruit to be fresh Examples: -저는 **과일**을 싫어해요 = I dislike **fruit** -저는 주로 **과일**과 야채를 먹어요 = I mainly eat **fruits** and vegetables -사과는 가장 맛있는 **과일**이에요 = Apples are the most delicious **fruit** -저는 보통 점심식사로 **과일**만 먹어요 = I usually only eat **fruit** for lunch -저는 **과일**도 좋아하고 야채도 좋아해요 = I like **fruit**, and I like vegetables too + +- 저는 **과일**을 싫어해요 = I dislike **fruit** +- 저는 주로 **과일**과 야채를 먹어요 = I mainly eat **fruits** and vegetables +- 사과는 가장 맛있는 **과일**이에요 = Apples are the most delicious **fruit** +- 저는 보통 점심식사로 **과일**만 먹어요 = I usually only eat **fruit** for lunch +- 저는 **과일**도 좋아하고 야채도 좋아해요 = I like **fruit**, and I like vegetables too
@@ -27,16 +315,18 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -술에 취하다 = to be drunk -술을 마시다 = to drink alcohol -술집 = bar (literally, “alcohol house”) -술배 = beer belly -술을 깨다 = to get sober + +- 술에 취하다 = to be drunk +- 술을 마시다 = to drink alcohol +- 술집 = bar (literally, “alcohol house”) +- 술배 = beer belly +- 술을 깨다 = to get sober Examples: -**술**을 마셨어요? = Were you drinking? (did you drink **alcohol**?) -건강해지려고 **술**을 안 마실 거예요 = In order to get healthy, I will not drink **alcohol** -시간이 있으시면 **술**을 마시러 술집에 갑시다 = If you have time, let’s go to a bar to drink **alcohol**! + +- **술**을 마셨어요? = Were you drinking? (did you drink **alcohol**?) +- 건강해지려고 **술**을 안 마실 거예요 = In order to get healthy, I will not drink **alcohol** +- 시간이 있으시면 **술**을 마시러 술집에 갑시다 = If you have time, let’s go to a bar to drink **alcohol**!
@@ -45,11 +335,13 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -우산을 쓰다 = to use an umbrella -우산을 씌우다 = to use an umbrella to cover somebody else + +- 우산을 쓰다 = to use an umbrella +- 우산을 씌우다 = to use an umbrella to cover somebody else Examples: -비가 올 까봐 **우산**을 가져왔어요 = I was worried it would to rain so I brought an umbrella + +- 비가 올 까봐 **우산**을 가져왔어요 = I was worried it would to rain so I brought an **umbrella**
@@ -58,10 +350,12 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -나뭇잎 = a leaf from a tree + +- 나뭇잎 = a leaf from a tree Examples: -가을에 **잎**의 색깔은 변해요  = The color of the **leaves** changes in the fall + +- 가을에 **잎**의 색깔은 변해요 = The color of the **leaves** changes in the fall
@@ -70,11 +364,13 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -교회를 다니다 = to go to/attend church + +- 교회를 다니다 = to go to/attend church Examples: -우리 가족은 일요일마다 **교회**를 다녀요 = Our family goes to **church** every Sunday -저는 내일 오전에 **교회**에 가야 돼요 = I have to go to **church** tomorrow in the morning + +- 우리 가족은 일요일마다 **교회**를 다녀요 = Our family goes to **church** every Sunday +- 저는 내일 오전에 **교회**에 가야 돼요 = I have to go to **church** tomorrow in the morning
@@ -83,12 +379,14 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -한강 = The Han River -강남 = south of the river/Gang-nam + +- 한강 = The Han River +- 강남 = south of the river/Gang-nam Example: -**강** 옆에 큰 산이 있어요  = There is a big mountain next to the **river** -그 **강**은 완전히 말랐어요 = That **river** has completely dried up + +- **강** 옆에 큰 산이 있어요 = There is a big mountain next to the **river** +- 그 **강**은 완전히 말랐어요 = That **river** has completely dried up
@@ -97,10 +395,12 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -사계절 = four seasons + +- 사계절 = four seasons Example: -한국은 사**계절**이 있어요 = There are four **seasons** in Korea + +- 한국은 사**계절**이 있어요 = There are four **seasons** in Korea
@@ -109,14 +409,16 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -날씨가 덥다 = the weather is hot -날씨가 춥다 = the weather is cold -날씨는 어때요? = How is the weather? + +- 날씨가 덥다 = the weather is hot +- 날씨가 춥다 = the weather is cold +- 날씨는 어때요? = How is the weather? Examples: -캐나다의 **날씨**는 아주 추워요 = Canada’s **weather** is very cold -저는 따뜻한 **날씨**를 좋아해요 = I like warm **weather** -오늘 **날씨**는 어제보다 더 **따뜻해요** = Today’s weather is warmer than yesterday + +- 캐나다의 **날씨**는 아주 추워요 = Canada’s **weather** is very cold +- 저는 따뜻한 **날씨**를 좋아해요 = I like warm **weather** +- 오늘 **날씨**는 어제보다 더 따뜻해요 = Today’s **weather** is warmer than yesterday
@@ -125,7 +427,8 @@ Examples:
Example: -요리사들은 저녁을 **부엌**에서 준비했어요 = The chefs prepared the dinner in the **kitchen** + +- 요리사들은 저녁을 **부엌**에서 준비했어요 = The chefs prepared the dinner in the **kitchen**
@@ -136,8 +439,9 @@ Example: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “다밈선생님” Examples: -담임선생님이 누구예요? = Who is your homeroom teacher? -그 문제에 대해 **담임선생님**과 함께 얘기했어요  = I talked about that problem with my **homeroom** **teacher** + +- **담임선생님**이 누구예요? = Who is your **homeroom teacher**? +- 그 문제에 대해 **담임선생님**과 함께 얘기했어요 = I talked about that problem with my **homeroom teacher** @@ -146,17 +450,19 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -겨울 방학 = winter vacation -여름 방학 = summer vacation -방학 동안 = during vacation + +- 겨울 방학 = winter vacation +- 여름 방학 = summer vacation +- 방학 동안 = during vacation Examples: -**방학**은 언제야? = When is **vacation**? -저는 **방학** 동안 공부를 많이 했어요 = I studied a lot during **vacation -방학** 동안 집에 안 갔습니까? = You didn’t go home during **vacation**? -한국에서는 겨울 **방학**이 여름 **방학**보다 더 길어요  = In Korea, winter **vacation** is longer than summer **vacation** -저는 **방학** 동안 책 두 권을 읽고 싶어요 = I want to read two books during **vacation -방학** 동안 저는 학교에 있고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to be at school during **vacation** + +- **방학**은 언제야? = When is **vacation**? +- 저는 **방학** 동안 공부를 많이 했어요 = I studied a lot during **vacation** +- **방학** 동안 집에 안 갔습니까? = You didn’t go home during **vacation**? +- 한국에서는 겨울 **방학**이 여름 **방학**보다 더 길어요 = In Korea, winter **vacation** is longer than summer **vacation** +- 저는 **방학** 동안 책 두 권을 읽고 싶어요 = I want to read two books during **vacation** +- **방학** 동안 저는 학교에 있고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to be at school during **vacation**
@@ -165,12 +471,16 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -배즙 = pear juice -Notes: Pears in Korea look more like apples, not like typical western pears. +- 배즙 = pear juice + +Notes: + +Pears in Korea look more like apples, not like typical western pears. Example: -한국 **배**는 서양 배와 달라요 = Korean **pears** are different from western pears + +- 한국 **배**는 서양 **배**와 달라요 = Korean **pears** are different from western **pears**
@@ -179,13 +489,17 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -당근을 자르다/썰다 = to cut/chop carrots -Notes: Young people often say “당근당근” to mean “obviously.” The actual word for obviously is “당연하다,” but because of the similar pronunciation, “당근” is often used as a joke. +- 당근을 자르다/썰다 = to cut/chop carrots + +Notes: + +Young people often say “당근당근” to mean “obviously.” The actual word for obviously is “당연하다,” but because of the similar pronunciation, “당근” is often used as a joke. Examples: -**당근**을 작은 조각으로 자르세요 = Cut the **carrots** into small pieces, please -저는 **당근**을 칼로 잘라서 냉장고에 넣었어요 = I cut **carrots** with a knife and then put them into the fridge + +- **당근**을 작은 조각으로 자르세요 = Cut the **carrots** into small pieces, please +- 저는 **당근**을 칼로 잘라서 냉장고에 넣었어요 = I cut **carrots** with a knife and then put them into the fridge
@@ -194,13 +508,16 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -무김치 = radish kimchi -Notes: A Korean radish is different from a western radish. In Canada, I am used to radishes that are red on the outside and about the size of a golf-ball. Korean radishes are about the size of an American football and green and white in color. +- 무김치 = radish kimchi + +Notes: + +A Korean radish is different from a western radish. In Canada, I am used to radishes that are red on the outside and about the size of a golf-ball. Korean radishes are about the size of an American football and green and white in color. Example: -한국 사람들은 **무**김치를 많이 먹어요 = Korean people eat a lot of **radish** kimchi +- 한국 사람들은 **무**김치를 많이 먹어요 = Korean people eat a lot of **radish** kimchi
@@ -209,13 +526,15 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -감자튀김 = fried potatoes (French fries) -감자조림 = potatoes in soy sauce (common Korean side dish) -감자를 삶다 = to boil potatoes + +- 감자튀김 = fried potatoes (French fries) +- 감자조림 = potatoes in soy sauce (common Korean side dish) +- 감자를 삶다 = to boil potatoes Examples: -저는 **감자**를 30분 동안 끓였어요 = I boiled the **potatoes** for 30 minutes -저는 **감자**를 칼로 잘랐어요 = I cut the **potatoes** with a knife + +- 저는 **감자**를 30분 동안 끓였어요 = I boiled the **potatoes** for 30 minutes +- 저는 **감자**를 칼로 잘랐어요 = I cut the **potatoes** with a knife
@@ -224,12 +543,14 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -칼로 자르다 = to cut with a knife -칼 바람 = a very cold wind -칼날 = the blade of a knife + +- 칼로 자르다 = to cut with a knife +- 칼 바람 = a very cold wind +- 칼날 = the blade of a knife Example: -저는 감자를 **칼**로 잘랐어요 = I cut the potatoes with a **knife** + +- 저는 감자를 **칼**로 잘랐어요 = I cut the potatoes with a **knife**
@@ -238,10 +559,11 @@ Example:
Example: -저는 한국 **단어** 천 개를 알고 있어요 = I know 1000 Korean **words** -저는 여러 가지의 **단어**를 배우고 싶어요 = I want to learn lots of different types of **words** -문법은 어렵고 **단어**는 쉬워요 = Grammar is hard, but **words** are easy -그 **단어**를 어떻게 발음하는 지 알아요? = Do you know how to pronounce that **word**? + +- 저는 한국 **단어** 천 개를 알고 있어요 = I know 1000 Korean **words** +- 저는 여러 가지의 **단어**를 배우고 싶어요 = I want to learn lots of different types of **words** +- 문법은 어렵고 **단어**는 쉬워요 = Grammar is hard, but **words** are easy +- 그 **단어**를 어떻게 발음하는 지 알아요? = Do you know how to pronounce that **word**?
@@ -250,14 +572,16 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -영어 문법 = English grammar -한국어 문법 = Korean grammar + +- 영어 문법 = English grammar +- 한국어 문법 = Korean grammar Example: -한국어**문법**은 아주 헷갈려요 = Korean **grammar** is very confusing -제가 공부했을 때 **문법**만 공부했어요 = When I studied, I only studied **grammar** -한국 **문법**은 영어 **문법**과 완전히 달라요 = Korean **grammar** is completely different from English **grammar** -저는 영어 **문법**을 열심히 공부했고 시험을 잘 봤어요 = I studied English **grammar** hard and then did well on the test + +- 한국어**문법**은 아주 헷갈려요 = Korean **grammar** is very confusing +- 제가 공부했을 때 **문법**만 공부했어요 = When I studied, I only studied **grammar** +- 한국 **문법**은 영어 **문법**과 완전히 달라요 = Korean **grammar** is completely different from English **grammar** +- 저는 영어 **문법**을 열심히 공부했고 시험을 잘 봤어요 = I studied English **grammar** hard and then did well on the test
@@ -266,12 +590,14 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -발목 = ankle -발가락 = toe -발을 밟다 = to step on + +- 발목 = ankle +- 발가락 = toe +- 발을 밟다 = to step on Example: -저는 너무 많이 걸어서 지금 **발**이 아파요 = My **feet** are sore because I walked so much + +- 저는 너무 많이 걸어서 지금 **발**이 아파요 = My **feet** are sore because I walked so much
@@ -280,13 +606,15 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -바닷가 = the area around the ocean/sea -바닷물 = sea water + +- 바닷가 = the area around the ocean/sea +- 바닷물 = sea water Examples: -저는 아이들이랑 **바다**에서 수영했어요 = I swam in the **sea** with the kids -**바다** 근처에 바람이 세게 불어요 = The wind is strong near the **ocean -바다**는 춥고 더러워요 = The **ocean** is cold and dirty + +- 저는 아이들이랑 **바다**에서 수영했어요 = I swam in the **sea** with the kids +- **바다** 근처에 바람이 세게 불어요 = The wind is strong near the **ocean** +- **바다**는 춥고 더러워요 = The **ocean** is cold and dirty
@@ -295,11 +623,13 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -신문지 = literally the paper of a newspaper -신문을 읽다 = to read the newspaper + +- 신문지 = (literally) the paper of a newspaper +- 신문을 읽다 = to read the newspaper Example: -한자는 한국 **신문**에는 많이 사용돼요 = Hanja (Chinese characters) are used a lot in Korean **newspapers** + +- 한자는 한국 **신문**에는 많이 사용돼요 = Hanja (Chinese characters) are used a lot in Korean **newspapers**
@@ -308,13 +638,15 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -고객님 = a polite way to say “customer” -고객센터 = customer center + +- 고객님 = a polite way to say “customer” +- 고객센터 = customer center Example: -**고객**님들은 항상 맞아요 = The **customer** is (**customers** are) always right -그 주인은 **고객님**들을 잘 대우해요 = That owner treats the **customers** well -오늘 **고객**이 많고 분위기가 좋아요 = Today there are a lot of **customers** and the atmosphere is good + +- **고객**님들은 항상 맞아요 = The **customer** is (**customers** are) always right +- 그 주인은 **고객님**들을 잘 대우해요 = That owner treats the **customers** well +- 오늘 **고객**이 많고 분위기가 좋아요 = Today there are a lot of **customers** and the atmosphere is good
@@ -322,12 +654,16 @@ Example:
-Notes: In English “rich” is an adjective. Though there is an adjective in Korean that means “rich,” the noun “부자” is more commonly used. Note that this is _not_ an adjective, but a noun that means a “rich person.” Therefore, when indicating that somebody is rich, Korean people usually attach 이다 to 부다. For example: -저의 친구는 부자야 = My friend is (a) rich (person) +Notes: + +In English “rich” is an adjective. Though there is an adjective in Korean that means “rich,” the noun “부자” is more commonly used. Note that this is _not_ an adjective, but a noun that means a “rich person.” Therefore, when indicating that somebody is rich, Korean people usually attach 이다 to 부다. For example: + +- 저의 친구는 **부자**야 = My friend is **(a) rich (person)** More examples: -제 친구는 **부자**인 아버지를 자랑했어요 = My friend boasted about his **rich** father -그 사람은 10년 동안 열심히 일하고 **부자**가 되었어요 = That person worked hard for 10 years and then became a **rich person** + +- 제 친구는 **부자**인 아버지를 자랑했어요 = My friend boasted about his **rich** father +- 그 사람은 10년 동안 열심히 일하고 **부자**가 되었어요 = That person worked hard for 10 years and then became a **rich person**
@@ -336,15 +672,17 @@ More examples:
Common Usages: -교육을 받다 = to receive education -교육청 = school board/office of education -서울교육청 = Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education -교육과정 = curriculum (often said as “커리큘럼” these days) -교육감 = the superintendent of a school board -교육 제도 = the education system + +- 교육을 받다 = to receive education +- 교육청 = school board/office of education +- 서울교육청 = Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education +- 교육과정 = curriculum (often said as “커리큘럼” these days) +- 교육감 = the superintendent of a school board +- 교육 제도 = the education system Example: -한국 **교육** 제도는 미국 교육 제도와 달라요 = Korea’s **educational** system is different from America’s educational system + +- 한국 **교육** 제도는 미국 교육 제도와 달라요 = Korea’s **educational** system is different from America’s educational system
@@ -353,13 +691,15 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -기분이 좋다 = to be happy, feel good -기분이 나쁘다 = to feel sad, “not good” -기분이 상하다 = for one’s feelings to be “spoiled” or hurt + +- 기분이 좋다 = to be happy, feel good +- 기분이 나쁘다 = to feel sad, “not good” +- 기분이 상하다 = for one’s feelings to be “spoiled” or hurt Example: -그 말을 들었더니 기분이 상했어요 = My feelings were hurt after hearing that -그 일이 다 끝나서 지금 **기분**이 아주 좋아요 = Now that that work is finished, I am very **happy** + +- 그 말을 들었더니 **기분**이 상했어요 = My **feelings** were hurt after hearing that +- 그 일이 다 끝나서 지금 **기분**이 아주 좋아요 = Now that that work is finished, I am very **happy**
@@ -368,18 +708,22 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -등산하다 = to go hiking -산을 올라가다 = to go up a mountain -산을 내려가다 = to go down a mountain -산길 = a mountain path/road -산불 = forest fire -Notes: Often found in the name of cities in Korea. For example: 부산, 울산, etc… +- 등산하다 = to go hiking +- 산을 올라가다 = to go up a mountain +- 산을 내려가다 = to go down a mountain +- 산길 = a mountain path/road +- 산불 = forest fire -Often used to denote the names of neighborhoods that are near a particular mountain or related to mountains. For example: 도봉산, 안산, etc… +Notes: + +Often found in the name of cities in Korea. For example: 부산, 울산, etc… + +Often used to denote the names of neighborhoods that are near a particular mountain or related to mountains. For example: 도봉산, 안산, etc… Example: -여기서 **산**이 안 보여 = I can’t see the **mountains** from here + +- 여기서 **산**이 안 보여 = I can’t see the **mountains** from here
@@ -388,11 +732,13 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -순서대로 = in order -순서를 바꾸다 = to change the order + +- 순서대로 = in order +- 순서를 바꾸다 = to change the order Example: -제가 말을 할 **순서**예요 = It is my **turn** to speak + +- 제가 말을 할 **순서**예요 = It is my **turn** to speak
@@ -401,17 +747,19 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -시험을 보다 = to write an exam -시험을 망하다 = to do bad on a test (literally, to “mess up a test”) + +- 시험을 보다 = to write an exam +- 시험을 망하다 = to do bad on a test (literally, to “mess up a test”) Examples: -저는 내일 **시험**을 볼 거예요 = Tomorrow I will write an **exam -시험**을 끝내기 전에 답을 확인하세요 = Check your answers before finishing the **test** -**시험**을 잘 못 볼까 봐 걱정돼요 = I’m worried that I won’t do well on the **exam** -저는 어제 **시험**을 잘 못 봤어요 = I did poorly on the **exam** yesterday -학생들의 20퍼센트만 **시험**을 합격했어요 = Only 20 percent of the students passed the **exam** -학생들이 **시험**을 보는 동안 저는 그들을 감독했어요 = I supervised the students while they wrote an **exam** -저는 영어 문법을 열심히 공부했고 **시험**을 잘 봤어요 = I studied English grammar hard and then did well on the **test** + +- 저는 내일 **시험**을 볼 거예요 = Tomorrow I will write an **exam** +- **시험**을 끝내기 전에 답을 확인하세요 = Check your answers before finishing the **test** +- **시험**을 잘 못 볼까 봐 걱정돼요 = I’m worried that I won’t do well on the **exam** +- 저는 어제 **시험**을 잘 못 봤어요 = I did poorly on the **exam** yesterday +- 학생들의 20퍼센트만 **시험**을 합격했어요 = Only 20 percent of the students passed the **exam** +- 학생들이 **시험**을 보는 동안 저는 그들을 감독했어요 = I supervised the students while they wrote an **exam** +- 저는 영어 문법을 열심히 공부했고 **시험**을 잘 봤어요 = I studied English grammar hard and then did well on the **test**