From f61aaa4b40374c3d3da20c8b49f2624e6e2a42b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: polv Date: Fri, 18 Sep 2026 18:16:07 +0700 Subject: [PATCH] lesson 26 remaining grammar --- .../unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md | 195 ++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 108 insertions(+), 87 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md index 780d4f7..e28dca9 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md @@ -1855,15 +1855,15 @@ Lets talk about those now. You can also describe nouns with verbs in the past tense to make nouns like: -The place I went -The food I ate -The student I taught +- The place I went +- The food I ate +- The student I taught To do this, instead of adding \~는 to the stem of a verb, you must add \~ㄴ/은. You must add \~은 to stems ending in a consonant (먹다 = 먹은), and \~ㄴ should be added directly to stems ending in a vowel (가다 = 간): -제가 간 곳 = The place I went -제가 먹은 음식 = The food I ate -제가 가르친 학생 = The student I taught +- 제가 간 곳 = The place I went +- 제가 먹은 음식 = The food I ate +- 제가 가르친 학생 = The student I taught The general idea is the same as the present tense; the verb is simply conjugated into the past. More examples: @@ -1884,15 +1884,15 @@ I talk about how \~ㄴ/은 is used to describe an upcoming noun in [this Korean You can also describe nouns with verbs in the future tense to make nouns like: -The place I will go -The food I will eat -The student I will teach +- The place I will go +- The food I will eat +- The student I will teach To do this, instead of adding \~는 to the stem of a verb, you must add \~ㄹ/을. You must add \~을 to stems ending in a consonant (먹다 = 먹을) and \~ㄹ should be added directly to stems ending in a vowel (가다 = 갈): -내가 갈 곳 = The place I will go -내가 먹을 음식 = The food I will eat -내가 가르칠 학생 = The student I will teach +- 내가 갈 곳 = The place I will go +- 내가 먹을 음식 = The food I will eat +- 내가 가르칠 학생 = The student I will teach Many more examples: @@ -1914,9 +1914,9 @@ In both of the sentences above, the \~을 attached to the verb is performing the Remember, “것” is a noun, and in the first sentence above, “것” is being described by the word before it (먹다). For example, look how “것” is being described in the first example:: -밥을 먹을 것 = A thing that will eat rice +- 밥을 먹을 것 = A thing that will eat rice -In theory, the full sentence ([저는 밥을 먹을 것이에요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-9-20-I-will-eat-rice.mp3)) could translate to “I am a thing that will eat rice.” However, it would never be translated like that because when \~ㄹ/을 것이다 is used at the end of a sentence, it is usually done to create the future tense conjugation that would translate to “one will do…” This isn’t imperative to your understanding, but it is good to recognize that \~ㄹ/을 has the same function in both of these types of sentences - which is describing the noun in-front of it. +In theory, the full sentence (저는 밥을 먹을 것이에요 ) could translate to “I am a thing that will eat rice.” However, it would never be translated like that because when \~ㄹ/을 것이다 is used at the end of a sentence, it is usually done to create the future tense conjugation that would translate to “one will do…” This isn’t imperative to your understanding, but it is good to recognize that \~ㄹ/을 has the same function in both of these types of sentences - which is describing the noun in-front of it. There are many instances of a Korean grammatical principle having different English translations depending on the type of sentence it is used in. There might be one thing in Korean that represents many meanings in English, and there might be one thing in English that represents many meanings in Korean. Try to step out of the “English box” and understand that two vastly different languages will have very little similarities. @@ -1928,126 +1928,151 @@ There are many instances of a Korean grammatical principle having different Engl The name for everything you learned in this lesson is “\~는 것” (or \~ㄴ 것 for past tense and \~ㄹ 것 for future tense). So far, I have shown you many examples of other nouns in place of “것”: -제가 먹는 음식 = The food I eat -제가 먹은 음식 = The food I ate -제가 먹을 음식 = The food I will eat +- 제가 먹는 음식 = The food I eat +- 제가 먹은 음식 = The food I ate +- 제가 먹을 음식 = The food I will eat -제가 가르치는 학생 = the student I teach -제가 가르친 학생 = the student I taught -제가 가르칠 학생 = the student I will teach +--- -제가 가는 날에 = the day I go -제가 간 날에 = the day I went -제가 갈 날에 = the day I will go +- 제가 가르치는 학생 = the student I teach +- 제가 가르친 학생 = the student I taught +- 제가 가르칠 학생 = the student I will teach + +--- + +- 제가 가는 날에 = the day I go +- 제가 간 날에 = the day I went +- 제가 갈 날에 = the day I will go Question: -So why is the grammar concept called “\~는 것”? + +- So why is the grammar concept called “\~는 것”? Answer: (This answer is ridiculously important) -If you ever want to change a sentence (or any part of a sentence) into a noun, you must do so by adding \~는 것 to the clause. … which leads to the next question: + +- If you ever want to change a sentence (or any part of a sentence) into a noun, you must do so by adding \~는 것 to the clause. … which leads to the next question: Question: -Why on earth would I want to change a sentence into a noun? + +- Why on earth would I want to change a sentence into a noun? Answer: -Look at the following example: + +- Look at the following example: You know this already: -저는 사과를 원해요 = I want apples +- 저는 사과를 원해요 = I want apples + Very simple sentence. Subject - object - verb, But what if you wanted to say the following: -I want my friend to bring apples. + +- I want my friend to bring apples. The structure is actually identical in the two sentences: -I want apples -I want my friend to bring apples +- I want apples +- I want my friend to bring apples In both cases, I will put the thing that you want in brackets: -I want (apples) -I want (my friend to bring apples) +- I want (apples) +- I want (my friend to bring apples) In Korean: -저는 (apples)를 원해요 -저는 (my friend to bring apples)를 원해요 +- 저는 (apples)를 원해요 +- 저는 (my friend to bring apples)를 원해요 The first one is easy, you already know: -저는 사과를 원해요 +- 저는 사과를 원해요 But the second one? How would I say this in Korean?: -저는 (my friend to bring apples)를 원하다 +- 저는 (my friend to bring apples)를 원하다 -How can you say “my friend brings apples” in Korean? +How can you say “my friend brings apples” in Korean? -친구는 사과를 가져와요 = My friend brings apples +- 친구는 사과를 가져와요 = My friend brings apples But! You need to change that sentence to a noun. THIS is the situation when you will need to change clauses/sentences to nouns. Lets change that sentence into a noun: -친구가 사과를 가져오는 것 +- 친구가 사과를 가져오는 것 This is very hard to translate into English. 것 means “thing.” The rest of it is an adjective describing that “thing.” If I had to translate it, I would say “the thing of my friend bringing apples.”.. but, again, it cannot really be translated. So, if we look at our sentences again: -I want (apples) -I want (my friend to bring apples) +- I want (apples) +- I want (my friend to bring apples) -Apples = 사과 -My friend brings apples (noun form) = 친구가 사과를 가져오는 것 +--- -저는 (apples)를 원해요 -저는 (my friend to bring apples)를 원해요 +- Apples = 사과 +- My friend brings apples (noun form) = 친구가 사과를 가져오는 것 -저는 (사과)를 원해요 -저는 (친구가 사과를 가져오는 것)을 원해요 +--- -저는 사과를 원해요 = I want apples +- 저는 (apples)를 원해요 +- 저는 (my friend to bring apples)를 원해요 +--- + +- 저는 (사과)를 원해요 +- 저는 (친구가 사과를 가져오는 것)을 원해요 + +--- + +- 저는 사과를 원해요 = I want apples - 저는 친구가 사과를 가져오는 것을 원해요 = I want my friend to bring apples Wow, complicated. + Lets look at another example. -I like movies. - +- I like movies. - 저는 영화를 좋아해요 Simple sentence. Subject - object - verb But what if you wanted to say -“I like making movies,” or -“I like watching movies” +- “I like making movies,” or +- “I like watching movies” Again, I will put the things that you like in brackets: -I like (movies) -I like (making movies) -I like (watching movies) +- I like (movies) +- I like (making movies) +- I like (watching movies) -Movies: 영화 -I make movies: 영화를 만들어요 -I watch movies: 영화를 봐요 +--- + +- Movies: 영화 +- I make movies: 영화를 만들어요 +- I watch movies: 영화를 봐요 Into noun form?: -영화 -영화를 만드는 것 -영화를 보는 것 +- 영화 +- 영화를 만드는 것 +- 영화를 보는 것 -저는 (movies)를 좋아해요 -저는 (making movies)를 좋아해요 -저는 (watching movies)를 좋아해요 +--- -저는 (영화)를 좋아해요 -저는 (영화를 만드는 것)을 좋아해요 -저는 (영화를 보는 것)을 좋아해요 +- 저는 (movies)를 좋아해요 +- 저는 (making movies)를 좋아해요 +- 저는 (watching movies)를 좋아해요 + +--- + +- 저는 (영화)를 좋아해요 +- 저는 (영화를 만드는 것)을 좋아해요 +- 저는 (영화를 보는 것)을 좋아해요 + +--- - 저는 영화를 좋아해요 = I like movies - 저는 영화를 만드는 것을 좋아해요 = I like making movies @@ -2065,11 +2090,11 @@ Etc… Or, if you wanted to talk about what your dream is. Before this lesson, you could have said this: -나의 꿈은 선생님이다 … +- 나의 꿈은 선생님이다 … … but that translates to “My dream is teacher”…. Is that natural? My dream is teacher? Instead, it would sound more natural if you said: -나의 꿈은 선생님이 되는 것이다 = My dream is becoming a teacher +- 나의 꿈은 선생님이 되는 것이다 = My dream is becoming a teacher Below are many more examples of a verb (with a clause before it) describing a noun being used in sentences. The following sentences specifically use the vocabulary that is introduced at the beginning of this lesson. In addition, these sentences are slightly more complex than the simple sentences I have used to describe the \~는 것 concept up until this point. @@ -2090,34 +2115,30 @@ Just one more quick note specifically about translating from English to Korean o When you use \~는 것 to describe an upcoming noun, the translation is often “who,” “that,” or “where.” For example: -걷는 여자 -= The girl **who** walks -= The girl **that** walks - -내가 간 곳 -= The place **where** I went -= The place **that** I went +- 걷는 여자 + - The girl **who** walks + - The girl **that** walks +- 내가 간 곳 + - The place **where** I went + - The place **that** I went This type of translation is also appropriate when describing a “thing.” For example: - 내가 먹는 것은 밥이야 - - The thing **that** I (am) eat(ing) is rice - + - The thing **that** I (am) eat(ing) is rice - 내가 가장 원하는 것은 차야 - - The thing **that** I want most is a car + - The thing **that** I want most is a car However, when using \~는 것 to change a clause into a noun so that you can do something with that noun in a sentence, the translation of “to” or “\~ing” is usually more appropriate. For example: - 저는 친구가 사과를 가져오는 것을 원해요 - - I want my friend **to** bring apples - + - I want my friend **to** bring apples - 나의 꿈은 선생님이 되는 것이다 - - My dream is becom**ing** a teacher - - My dream is **to** become a teacher - + - My dream is becom**ing** a teacher + - My dream is **to** become a teacher - 저는 영화를 보는 것을 좋아해요 - - I like watch**ing** movies - - I like **to** watch movies + - I like watch**ing** movies + - I like **to** watch movies In terms of Korean grammar, the purpose of \~는 것 in all of these types of sentences (i.e. whether it is being used to describe a noun or used to turn a clause into a noun) is the same. However, in English these look like entirely different sentences. Again, translations are often confusing and ambiguous. You don’t necessarily need to worry about the different types of English translations. What is more important is that you understand the Korean grammar presented here.