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lesson 26 nouns, and inter-lesson links

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docs/howtostudykorean/theme/index.md
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Use this as an opportunity to maybe skip ahead to some grammatical principles that are more common but a little bit advanced. The most common grammatical principles that you might find in the Theme Lessons of Unit 1 that have not been introduced yet are:
| \~는 것 | [Lesson 26](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-26/ "Lesson 26: ~는 것 Describing Nouns with Verbs") |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 중 | [Lesson 33](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-33/ "Lesson 33: ~중 (하는 중), (~중에)") |
| \~아/어서 | [Lesson 37](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-34-41/lesson-37/ "Lesson 37: Because: ~아/어서") |
| 때문에 | [Lesson 38](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-34-41/lesson-38/ "Lesson 38: Because: ~기 때문에") |
| \~아/어 주다 | [Lesson 41](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-34-41/lesson-41/ "Lesson 41: To Give: 주다, 아/어 주다") |
| \~자 | [Lesson 44](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-42-50/lesson-44/) |
| \~ㄹ/을래(요) | [Lesson 44](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-42-50/lesson-44/) |
| \~ㄹ/을 수 있다 | [Lesson 45](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-42-50/lesson-45/ "Lesson 45: I can, I can’t – ~ㄹ 수 있다/없다") |
| \~아/어 야 하다 | [Lesson 46](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-42-50/lesson-46/) |
| \~ㄹ/을게(요) | [Lesson 63](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-3-lessons-59-66/lesson-63/ "Lesson 63: ~ㄹ/을까(요), ~ㄹ/을게요") |
| \~ㄹ/을까(요) | [Lesson 63](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-3-lessons-59-66/lesson-63/ "Lesson 63: ~ㄹ/을까(요), ~ㄹ/을게요") |
| \~는데 | [Lesson 76](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/upper-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-4-lessons-76-83/lesson-76/ "Lesson 76: ~는데 and ~는 데 in Korean") |
| \~는 것 | [Lesson 26](../unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md) |
| --------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 중 | [Lesson 33](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-33/ "Lesson 33: ~중 (하는 중), (~중에)") |
| \~아/어서 | [Lesson 37](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-34-41/lesson-37/ "Lesson 37: Because: ~아/어서") |
| 때문에 | [Lesson 38](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-34-41/lesson-38/ "Lesson 38: Because: ~기 때문에") |
| \~아/어 주다 | [Lesson 41](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-34-41/lesson-41/ "Lesson 41: To Give: 주다, 아/어 주다") |
| \~자 | [Lesson 44](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-42-50/lesson-44/) |
| \~ㄹ/을래(요) | [Lesson 44](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-42-50/lesson-44/) |
| \~ㄹ/을 수 있다 | [Lesson 45](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-42-50/lesson-45/ "Lesson 45: I can, I can’t – ~ㄹ 수 있다/없다") |
| \~아/어 야 하다 | [Lesson 46](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-42-50/lesson-46/) |
| \~ㄹ/을게(요) | [Lesson 63](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-3-lessons-59-66/lesson-63/ "Lesson 63: ~ㄹ/을까(요), ~ㄹ/을게요") |
| \~ㄹ/을까(요) | [Lesson 63](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-3-lessons-59-66/lesson-63/ "Lesson 63: ~ㄹ/을까(요), ~ㄹ/을게요") |
| \~는데 | [Lesson 76](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/upper-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-4-lessons-76-83/lesson-76/ "Lesson 76: ~는데 and ~는 데 in Korean") |
The list above is by no means complete, but by knowing the grammar introduced in Unit 1, and having a general idea of some of these more difficult grammatical principles, you will definitely be able to challenge yourself with learning some great sentences.
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/01-sentences.md
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- <TTS>이것</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">this thing</span>
- <TTS>저것</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">that thing</span>
- <TTS>그것</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">that thing</span>
- ~는 것 principle (see [Lesson 26](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-26/))
- ~는 것 principle (see [Lesson 26](../unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md))
Notes:
@@ -1490,7 +1490,7 @@ The way to say “<span class="md spoiler">how are you?</span>” in Korean is:
- 잘 지내세요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Lesson-1new6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">How are you?</span>
Although this is the most literal way to ask “how are you?” in Korean, it is not as common as the English expression. Korean people love food, and common way to greet somebody is to ask them if they have eaten. The idea of asking questions in Korean is taught in [Lesson 21](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-21-asking-questions-in-korean-why-when-where-and-who/).
Although this is the most literal way to ask “how are you?” in Korean, it is not as common as the English expression. Korean people love food, and common way to greet somebody is to ask them if they have eaten. The idea of asking questions in Korean is taught in [Lesson 21](./21-why-when-where-who.md).
The way to say “<span class="md spoiler">please</span>” in Korean is:
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/04-adjectives.md
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@@ -1354,7 +1354,7 @@ It is often more common to use the passive form (끝나다) to indicate that you
- <TTS>일이 끝났어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">The work is finished (which implies that you finished the work)</span>
The grammar for this is talked about in [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/).
The grammar for this is talked about in [Lesson 14](./14-passive.md).
Examples:
@@ -1534,7 +1534,7 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “끈나다”
Notes:
This is the first passive verb you have come across. For more information on passive verbs, visit [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/).
This is the first passive verb you have come across. For more information on passive verbs, visit [Lesson 14](./14-passive.md).
Examples:
@@ -2020,11 +2020,11 @@ When an adjective ends in “~있다” like this, instead of attaching ~ㄴ/은
- 나는 맛있는 음식을 먹다 = <span class="md spoiler">I eat delicious food</span>
- (나는 맛있는 음식을 먹어 / 저는 맛있는 음식을 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-6.mp3" />)
The difference here is due to what I call the “~는 것” principle. For now, you do not need to think about why ~는 is added instead of ~ㄴ/은. It is sufficient at this point to just memorize it as an exception. The concept behind this grammatical rule is introduced in [Lesson 26](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-26/) and I continue to discuss it into [other Lessons in Unit 2](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/). This concept is related to _verb_ _s_ being able to describe nouns. For example:
The difference here is due to what I call the “~는 것” principle. For now, you do not need to think about why ~는 is added instead of ~ㄴ/은. It is sufficient at this point to just memorize it as an exception. The concept behind this grammatical rule is introduced in [Lesson 26](../unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md) and I continue to discuss it into [other Lessons in Unit 2](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/). This concept is related to _verb_ _s_ being able to describe nouns. For example:
“The man who I met yesterday will go to the park that I want to go to”
However, this is very complex and is the whole basis to the ~는 것 principle that I mentioned earlier. As I said, you will begin to learn about this in [Lesson 26](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-26/).
However, this is very complex and is the whole basis to the ~는 것 principle that I mentioned earlier. As I said, you will begin to learn about this in [Lesson 26](../unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md).
## To be a lot of: 많다
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/05-tenses.md
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Notes:
The passive version of this word (<TTS>기대되다</TTS>) is commonly used to say that <span class="md spoiler">one is excited for something to happen</span>. For more information on passive verbs, see [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/).
The passive version of this word (<TTS>기대되다</TTS>) is commonly used to say that <span class="md spoiler">one is excited for something to happen</span>. For more information on passive verbs, see [Lesson 14](./14-passive.md).
Example:
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/07-irregulars.md
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@@ -2328,7 +2328,7 @@ When adding ~ㄴ/은 to a stem which ends in ㄹ, the ㄹ is removed and ㄴ is
- 멀 + ㄴ = <TTS>먼</TTS>
- 저는 먼 병원에 갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/21-I-went-to-a-far-away-hospital.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I went to a far away hospital (a hospital that is far away)</span>
There will be times when you have to add ~ㄴ/은 to verbs stems as well, but you haven’t learned about this yet. I introduce this concept in [Lesson 26](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-26/), and then talk about the irregular being applied in [Lesson 28](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-28/). I don’t want you to think about this too much until those lessons, but just so you know, the concept is the same as adding ~ㄴ/은 to an adjective. For example:
There will be times when you have to add ~ㄴ/은 to verbs stems as well, but you haven’t learned about this yet. I introduce this concept in [Lesson 26](../unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md), and then talk about the irregular being applied in [Lesson 28](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-28/). I don’t want you to think about this too much until those lessons, but just so you know, the concept is the same as adding ~ㄴ/은 to an adjective. For example:
- 열다 = <span class="md spoiler">to open</span>
- 열 + ㄴ = <TTS>연</TTS>
@@ -2471,7 +2471,7 @@ This same idea can be applied to grammatical additions that will be introduced i
Each time a new format/style of addition is introduced in my lessons, I will explain how irregulars adapt to it. This only needs to be done once for each format, because each successive addition with the same format will create the same change to irregulars. Below is a list of grammatical principles you will learn in future lessons. Each one follows a particular style. In each of these lessons, I will explain how they cause irregular words to change. Furthermore, I will explain the other grammatical principles that follow the same format that will create the same change:
- ~ㄹ/을 ([Lesson 9](./09-conjugate-이다.md))
- ~니 ([Lesson 21](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-21-asking-questions-in-korean-why-when-where-and-who/))
- ~니 ([Lesson 21](./21-why-when-where-who.md))
- ~ㅁ/음 ([Lesson 29](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-29/))
- ~(으)려고 ([Lesson 32](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-32/))
- ~(으)시다 ([Lesson 39](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-34-41/lesson-39/))
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/08-adverbs.md
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- <TTS>청구서를 내다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to pay a bill</span>
Notes: 내다 can have many other meanings. See [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/) for more information.
Notes: 내다 can have many other meanings. See [Lesson 14](./14-passive.md) for more information.
Examples:
@@ -1528,7 +1528,7 @@ Common Usages:
- <TTS>감동 받다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to be impressed (literally “to receive an impression”)</span>
- <TTS>존경 받다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to be respected (literally “to receive respect”)</span>
See [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/) for more information
See [Lesson 14](./14-passive.md) for more information
Examples:
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/09-conjugate-이다.md
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@@ -1260,7 +1260,7 @@ Example:
<Details>
One of the usages of 되다 is to make a verb change to the passive voice. This is introduced in [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/). For example:
One of the usages of 되다 is to make a verb change to the passive voice. This is introduced in [Lesson 14](./14-passive.md). For example:
- <TTS class="md">점심이 학교에 준비되었어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">The lunch was provided by the school</span>
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/10-numbers.md
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@@ -1188,7 +1188,7 @@ _It is also possible to put the number-counter combination before the noun that
- 다섯 개의 펜 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">5 pens</span>
- 마흔네 개의 펜 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-8.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">44 pens</span>
*The purpose and function of ~*의 *in this type of construction is discussed in [Lesson 23](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-23/). As I said, it is usually less common to count using this method, so for now, don’t worry about this grammar. I simply want you to know that it can be done. Pay more attention to the “*사람 두 명*” form instead of the “*두 명의 사람*” form.*
*The purpose and function of ~*의 *in this type of construction is discussed in [Lesson 23](./23-ㅎ-irregulars-colors.md). As I said, it is usually less common to count using this method, so for now, don’t worry about this grammar. I simply want you to know that it can be done. Pay more attention to the “*사람 두 명*” form instead of the “*두 명의 사람*” form.*
————
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/11-time.md
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@@ -1553,7 +1553,7 @@ At this point you are probably asking saying “Okay, I understand how to say th
- I will go in 10 minutes, or
- I came 10 minutes ago”
You will learn how to create those types of sentences when you learn about <TTS>전</TTS> and <TTS>후</TTS> in [Lesson 24](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-24/). For the moment, there is a ton of content in this lesson, so try to focus on what is presented here.
You will learn how to create those types of sentences when you learn about <TTS>전</TTS> and <TTS>후</TTS> in [Lesson 24](./24-before-after-since-within.md). For the moment, there is a ton of content in this lesson, so try to focus on what is presented here.
## Korean Seconds (초)
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/12-more-particles.md
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@@ -1166,7 +1166,7 @@ Example:
- 저는 녹차를 엄마랑 같이 **마셨어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **drank** green tea with my mom</span>
- 저는 친구들이랑 커피를 **마셨어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **drank** coffee with my friends</span>
- **술**을 **마셨어요**? = <span class="md spoiler">Were you **drinking** (alcohol)?</span>
- 뭐 **마실래요**? = Depending on the situation, this could mean “<span class="md spoiler">Shall we drink something?</span>” or “<span class="md spoiler">What shall we drink</span>.” <TTS>뭐</TTS> could represent <span class="md spoiler">a question (“what”)</span> or <span class="md spoiler">something ambiguous (“something”)</span>. I talk about making this distinction in [Lesson 25](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-25/).
- 뭐 **마실래요**? = Depending on the situation, this could mean “<span class="md spoiler">Shall we drink something?</span>” or “<span class="md spoiler">What shall we drink</span>.” <TTS>뭐</TTS> could represent <span class="md spoiler">a question (“what”)</span> or <span class="md spoiler">something ambiguous (“something”)</span>. I talk about making this distinction in [Lesson 25](./25-anybody-everybody.md).
</Details>
@@ -1480,7 +1480,7 @@ Notes:
쪽 is a noun, but a special noun. I refer to these sometimes as “pseudo-nouns” in my lessons. Other nouns like this are <TTS>적</TTS> ([Lesson 32](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-32/)) and <TTS>수</TTS> ([Lesson 45](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-42-50/lesson-45/)). 쪽 can only ever be used when <span class="md spoiler">some sort of context is given to it</span>.
You can see that if you describe it using the concepts in [Lesson 26](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-26/):
You can see that if you describe it using the concepts in [Lesson 26](../unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md):
- 저는 다른 사람들이 가는 쪽으로 갈 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I will go in the direction that other people are going</span>
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/13-and-with.md
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@@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ Common Usages:
Notes:
Often used as “<TTS>질투가 나다</TTS>.” See [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/) for more information on how the word “나다” works in these situations.
Often used as “<TTS>질투가 나다</TTS>.” See [Lesson 14](./14-passive.md) for more information on how the word “나다” works in these situations.
Example:
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/15-good-carry-similar.md
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@@ -2387,7 +2387,7 @@ That should be easy for you too. But what about if you wanted to say “I met a
- 나는 ( — )를 만났어 = <span class="md spoiler">I met —</span>
- 나는 (너의 남자친구와 비슷한 남자)를 만났어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/46-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I met a man that is similar to your boyfriend</span>
This structure is very complex and is an introduction to describing nouns with phrases instead of simply using one adjective. In [Lesson 26](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-26/), you will learn more about how to describe nouns with things other than simple adjectives – such as verbs and complex phrases.
This structure is very complex and is an introduction to describing nouns with phrases instead of simply using one adjective. In [Lesson 26](../unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md), you will learn more about how to describe nouns with things other than simple adjectives – such as verbs and complex phrases.
The meaning of “different” in English has more than one nuance, which are possessed by “다르다” as well. Although the meaning of “different” in the two sentences below is similar, try to see that they are slightly different:
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/19-comparatives.md
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@@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@ Note here that in most real situations it is probably more natural \[in English
- I am the fastest runner – instead of – _I run the fastest_
- Math is my favorite subject – instead of – _Math is my favorite_
To this point, you haven’t learned how to add this extra dimension to your sentences with verbs. This concept is introduced in [Lesson 26](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-26/ "Lesson 26: ~는 것 Describing Nouns with Verbs"). That being said, it is essentially the same as making this change to adjectives:
To this point, you haven’t learned how to add this extra dimension to your sentences with verbs. This concept is introduced in [Lesson 26](../unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md). That being said, it is essentially the same as making this change to adjectives:
- 가족은 가장 중요해요 = <span class="md spoiler">Family is the most important</span>
- 가족이 가장 중요한 것이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">Family is the most important thing</span>
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The main meaning of 잘하다 is “<span class="md spoiler">to do something well</span>.” To use 잘하다, simply place a noun in a sentence with 잘하다 as the verb.
This is easy to do with 하다 verbs (for example, 수영하다 and 공부하다) because to make a noun all you need to do is remove 하다 from those words. I discuss making non-하다 verbs into nouns in [Lesson 26](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-26/ "Lesson 26: ~는 것 Describing Nouns with Verbs"), but the principal is the same for any noun form of a verb. All you need to do is:
This is easy to do with 하다 verbs (for example, 수영하다 and 공부하다) because to make a noun all you need to do is remove 하다 from those words. I discuss making non-하다 verbs into nouns in [Lesson 26](../unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md), but the principal is the same for any noun form of a verb. All you need to do is:
나는 (noun form of verb)을/를 잘하다. For example:
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In later lessons, you will learn other grammatical additions that have a solid ㄴ. For example:
- \~나 ([later in this lesson](#%E1%84%82%E1%85%A1-%E1%84%8B%E1%85%AD))
- \~는 ([Lesson 26](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-26/))
- \~는 ([Lesson 26](../unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md))
- \~는데 ([Lesson 76](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/upper-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-4-lessons-76-83/lesson-76/))
- \~네 ([Lesson 83](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/upper-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-4-lessons-76-83/lesson-83/))
- \~나 ([Lesson 109](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-5/lessons-109-116/lesson-109/))
@@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@ All grammatical additions where a solid ㄴ is attached to a word follow the sam
- 마음에 드니? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-21-7.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Do you like it?</span>
- 어디 사니? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-21-8.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Where do you live?</span>
_\~니 also affects the ㅎ irregular,_ which is introduced in [Lesson 23](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-23/).
_\~니 also affects the ㅎ irregular,_ which is introduced in [Lesson 23](./23-ㅎ-irregulars-colors.md).
### \~ㄴ/은가(요)
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| Choosing among options<br>More in [Lesson 33](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-33/ "Lesson 33: ~중 (하는 중), (~중에)") | 무슨 차를 사고 싶어요?<br><span class="md spoiler">What car do you want to buy?</span><br>_(This fits in with the “object is unknown” usage)_ | 어떤 차를 사고 싶어요?<span class="md spoiler"><br>Which car do you want to buy?</span><br>_(This could also be referring to the characteristics/type of car)_ | 어느 차를 사고 싶어요?<br><span class="md spoiler">Which car do you want to buy?</span> |
| Unsure of specifics | ~~나는~~ ~~무슨~~ ~~책을~~ ~~읽었어~~<br>Awkward | 나는 어떤 책을 읽었어<br><span class="md spoiler">I read some book</span> | ~~나는~~ ~~어느~~ ~~책을~~ ~~읽었어~~<br>Awkward |
This is a good start, but there are other specific situations when you might use one of these words. For example, 어느 has other usages as well. You will learn about some of the other usages of 어느 in [Lesson 25](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-25/ "Lesson 25: Anybody, Everybody, Somebody, Nobody, etc.") and [Lesson 72](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/lessons-67-75/lesson-72/ "Lesson 72: As much as: ~만큼, 정도").
This is a good start, but there are other specific situations when you might use one of these words. For example, 어느 has other usages as well. You will learn about some of the other usages of 어느 in [Lesson 25](./25-anybody-everybody.md) and [Lesson 72](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/lessons-67-75/lesson-72/ "Lesson 72: As much as: ~만큼, 정도").
In addition, as 어떤 and 어느 are used when options are given, we will continue to talk about these words in [Lesson 33](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-33/ "Lesson 33: ~중 (하는 중), (~중에)") when you learn how to give options to people.
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- 저는 (어제) 은행에 갔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I went to the bank (yesterday)</span>
- 저는 (친구가 오기 전에) 은행에 갔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I went to the bank (before my friend came)</span>
Therefore, although I often place this indication of time before the clause, it doesn’t always need to be there, and it is the discretion of the speaker that will decide exactly where to place it. Being able to create a single unit from a clause like this is a quick introduction to what you will begin learning in [Lesson 26](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-26/) – where you will be able to manipulate entire clauses to describe nouns in the middle of sentences.
Therefore, although I often place this indication of time before the clause, it doesn’t always need to be there, and it is the discretion of the speaker that will decide exactly where to place it. Being able to create a single unit from a clause like this is a quick introduction to what you will begin learning in [Lesson 26](../unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md) – where you will be able to manipulate entire clauses to describe nouns in the middle of sentences.
## Since: \~ㄴ/은 이래로
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Or you can go directly to our [Unit 1 test](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-test/ "Unit 1 Test"), which will test you on everything you learned in Unit 1.
If you are not into taking the tests, you could always head directly to [Unit 2](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/ "UNIT 2: Lower-Intermediate Korean Grammar") and check out our first lesson ([Lesson 26](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-26/ "Lesson 26: ~는 것 Describing Nouns with Verbs")).
If you are not into taking the tests, you could always head directly to [Unit 2](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/ "UNIT 2: Lower-Intermediate Korean Grammar") and check out our first lesson ([Lesson 26](../unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md)).
## Summary
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md
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---
vocabulary:
nouns:
- ko: 아줌마
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v2.mp3
en: middle aged/older woman
notes: |
<p>The word "아주머니" is commonly used as well</p>
<p>아줌마 and 아주머니 are commonly used to refer to an older woman that you don't know the name of, or even do know the name of but aren't close enough to call her by her name. This also extends to older women who work in a restaurant.</p>
<p>The age that you could call a female an "아줌마" is ambiguous, but I would say that somewhere between late-thirties to mid-sixties would be appropriate. Any younger, and you would probably be offending a younger woman by thinking she is too old. Any older, and you are better off calling the woman "할머니."</p>
examples:
- ko: 저는 **아줌마**를 위해 문을 열었어요
en: I opened the door for **an older lady**
- ko: 물건
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v3.mp3
en: thing, item, goods
examples:
- ko: "제가 산 **물건**을 언제 받을 수 있어요?"
en: When can I receive the **goods** I purchased?
- ko: 한국에서는 세금이 **물건** 값에 포함돼요
en: In Korea, tax is included in the price of **goods**
- ko: 복도
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v4.mp3
en: hall, hallway
notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "복또"
examples:
- ko: "**복도**에서 달리는 것은 위험해요"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s14.mp3
en: It is dangerous to run in the **hallway**
- ko: 이 **복도**를 걸레로 다 청소하는 데 시간이 많이 필요할 것 같아요
en: It will probably take a long time to clean this **hallway** with just a rag
- ko: 목적
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v5.mp3
en: purpose, aim, goal
notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "목쩍"
examples:
- ko: 저는 **목적**을 이루지 못했어요
en: I couldn't achieve my **goal**
- ko: "우리 학교의 **목적**은 국제고등학교가 되는 것이다"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s6.mp3
en: Our school's **goal** is becoming an international school
- ko: 친구와 여행의 **목적**을 정하고 여행 일정을 대충 만들었어요
en: I set the **goals** of the trip with my friend and then made rough travel plans
- ko: 목적지
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v6.mp3
en: destination
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "목쩍찌"</p>
<p>As you know, "목적" translates to "goal." 지 is a common Hanja character (地) that refers to land or a place. Together, "목적지" literally refers to the "goal" place or "the place one is headed towards." This is easier translated to just "destination."</p>
examples:
- ko: 우리가 **목적지**에 거의 도착했어요
en: We have almost arrived at our **destination**
- ko: "최종**목적지**가 어디예요?"
en: Where is your final **destination**?
- ko: 국가
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v7.mp3
en: nation, country
notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "국까"
examples:
- ko: 모든 **국가**의 자원은 국민이다
en: The resource of all **nations** is its people
- ko: 30개의 유럽**국가**에서 각 나라 대표들이 왔어요
en: Representatives from 30 European **nations** came
- ko: 동네
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v8.mp3
en: neighborhood
notes: |
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.</p>
<p><YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" /></p>
examples:
- ko: 여기는 역사적인 **동네**입니다
en: This (here) is a historical **neighborhood**
- ko: "어느 **동네**에서 살아요?"
en: Which **neighborhood** do you live in?
- ko: 그 **동네**에는 가난한 사람이 많아요
en: There are many poor people in that **neighborhood**
- ko: "이 **동네**에서 산 지 얼마나 되었어요?"
en: How long have you lived in this **neighborhood** for?
- ko: "이 **동네**에서 축구를 잘 하는 청소년들이 많아요"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s1.mp3
en: There are a lot of kids who are good at playing soccer in this **neighborhood**
- ko: 학비
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v9.mp3
en: tuition
notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "학삐"
examples:
- ko: "**학비**를 언제까지 내야 돼요?"
en: Until when do I have to pay my **tuition**?
- ko: 저는 그 대학교에 가고 싶지만 **학비**가 너무 비싸요
en: I want to go to that university, but the **tuition** is too expensive
- ko: 무기
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v10.mp3
en: weapon
examples:
- ko: 군대에서는 사람들이 **무기**훈련을 받아요
en: People in the army receive **weapon** training
- ko: 학교에서 **무기**를 가지고 있는 것은 불법입니다
en: It is illegal to carry a **weapon** in school
- ko: 정답
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v11.mp3
en: right/correct answer
notes: |
<p>This word is commonly yelled by Korean people if somebody asks a question to a large group. The group is usually students, but they could also be contestants on a game show or some quiz show on TV. It is common for the person who knows the correct answer to raise his/her hand and yell "정답!"</p>
examples:
- ko: 그는 **정답**을 아는 척했어요
en: He pretended to know the **right answer**
- ko: "**정답**을 안다면 손을 들어!"
en: If you know the **correct answer**, raise your hand!
- ko: 청소년
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v12.mp3
en: youth
examples:
- ko: "**청소년**들은 그들 자신을 사랑하지 않는다"
en: "**Young people** don't love themselves"
- ko: 이 지역에 **청소년**을 데려와서는 안 돼요
en: You shouldn't bring **young people** to this area
- ko: 일본에서 성인들은 미국 **청소년**보다 만화책을 더 많이 읽어요
en: In Japan, adults read more comic books than **kids** do in America
- ko: "이 동네에서 축구를 잘 하는 **청소년**들이 많아요"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s1.mp3
en: There are a lot of **kids** who are good at playing soccer in this neighborhood
- ko: 지역
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v13.mp3
en: a certain area or region
notes: |
<p>지역 and 구역 are often confused. 지역 is more about the area of a city or country. Like 경기도 지역 (the area of 경기 province) or something like that. 구역 is more about the area of any other place, like a specific designated area of a building or park or something like that (for example, 견인구역 = tow away zone)</p>
examples:
- ko: 우리가 사는 **지역**이 조금 위험해요
en: The **area** we live in is a little bit dangerous
- ko: 이 **지역**에 청소년을 데려와서는 안 돼요
en: You shouldn't bring young people to this **area**
- ko: 경기
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v14.mp3
en: match or game
examples:
- ko: 우리는 3대 2로 **경기**를 이겼어요
en: We won the **game** 3 to 2
- ko: 우리는 다른 팀을 농구**경기**에서 이겼어요
en: We beat the other team in the basketball **game**
- ko: 축구**경기**를 보면서 맥주를 마셨어요
en: I watched the **match** while drinking beer
- ko: 축구 **경기**를 내일 보러 갈래요?
en: Shall we go to see a soccer **game** tomorrow?
- ko: 야구 **경기**에서 두산은 LG를 이기게 되었어요
en: Doosan ended up beating LG in the baseball **game**
- ko: 제가 생각한 대로 태권도 올림픽 **경기**에서 대한민국 선수는 일본 선수를 이겼어요
en: As I thought, the Korean athlete beat the Japanese athlete in the Taekwondo **match**
- ko: 점수
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v15.mp3
en: grade, score
examples:
- ko: 제가 받을 **점수**는 중요해요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson26-31.mp3
en: The **score** I will receive is important
- ko: 학생들한테 **점수**를 안 보여줘도 돼요
en: I/you don't need to show the **scores** to the students
- ko: 학생들이 자기의 **점수**가 너무 낮다고 불평하지 않았으면 좋겠어요
en: I wish students didn't complain that their **score** was too low
- ko: 선수
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v16.mp3
en: player (in sports)
notes: |
<p>In English, we call athletes who play game-like sports "players." For example, a basketball "player." However, other athletes are not called "players," for example, it would be unnatural to call a swimmer a "swimming player." In Korean, the word 선수 is used to refer to any athlete of any sport.</p>
examples:
- ko: 야구**선수**는 공을 세게 던졌어요
en: The baseball **player** threw the ball hard
- ko: 그는 축구**선수**만큼 달리기를 잘해요
en: He runs as well as a soccer **athlete/player**
- ko: "**선수**는 숨을 못 쉬도록 뛰었어요"
en: The **athlete** ran to the extent that he couldn't breathe
- ko: "**선수**가 공을 골대에 넣자마자 관중들은 환호하기 시작했어요"
en: As soon as the **player** put the ball into the net, the spectators/crowd started cheering
- ko: 제가 생각한 대로 태권도 올림픽 경기에서 대한민국 **선수**는 일본 **선수**를 이겼어요
en: As I thought, the Korean **athlete** beat the Japanese **athlete** in the Taekwondo match
- ko: 목숨
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v17.mp3
en: life
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "목쑴"</p>
<p>This word translates to "life" but is usually used when one 'loses,' 'saves,' or 'dedicates' a life.</p>
examples:
- ko: 사람 네 명은 **목숨**을 잃었다
en: Four people lost their **lives**
- ko: 그 사람은 사고로 인해 **목숨**을 잃었어요
en: That person **died** from due to a car accident (lost his **life**)
- ko: 모기
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v18.mp3
en: mosquito
examples:
- ko: 숲에는 **모기**가 많아요
en: There are a lot of **mosquitos** in the forest
- ko: "**모기**가 파리보다 잡아죽이는 것이 더 쉬워요"
en: It is easier to catch and kill **mosquitos** than flies
- ko: 허리
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v19.mp3
en: waist
notes: |
<p>Although this typically translates to "waist," Korean people often say "허리(가) 아프다" when their lower-back is sore. For example, if somebody came home after a hard day of work with lots of standing around and/or physical labor, he/she would say "아우! 허리 아파!" In English, it would be unnatural to say "Ahh! My waist hurts!" It would be more natural to say "My back hurts."</p>
examples:
- ko: 하루 종일 일을 해서 이제 **허리**가 아파요
en: My **back** is sore after working all day
- ko: 달
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v20.mp3
en: moon
notes: When talking about the moons of other planets, the word "위성" (which typically translates to "satellite") is used.
examples:
- ko: 오늘 **달**이 왠지 아주 커 보여요
en: For some reason the **moon** looks big tonight
- ko: 인사
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v21.mp3
en: greeting
examples:
- ko: "할아버지께 **인사**를 드리고 싶어요"
en: I want to **greet** my grandfather (**give a greeting**)
- ko: 저는 친구에게 반갑게 **인사**했어요
en: I **greeted** my friend happily
- ko: 그 사람에게 **인사**하기 싫어서 다른 사람과 통화하고 있는 척했어요
en: I didn't want to **say 'hi' (greet)** that person, so I pretended to be talking on the phone with somebody else
- ko: 소금
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v22.mp3
en: salt
notes: When Korean people put "salt" on the road, they refer to it as "염화칼슘" (Calcium Chloride)
examples:
- ko: "**소금**을 많이 먹는 것은 건강에 안 좋아요"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s7.mp3
en: It is not healthy to eat a lot of **salt**
- ko: 담배
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v23.mp3
en: tobacco, cigarettes
examples:
- ko: "**담배**를 피우는 것은 건강에 나빠요"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s8.mp3
en: It is unhealthy to smoke **cigarettes**
- ko: "옛날에 **담배**를 많이 피운 환자가 많아요"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s3.mp3
en: There are a lot of patients who smoked a lot of **cigarettes** a long time ago
- ko: 이곳은 흡연 구역이라서 **담배**를 피워도 돼요
en: You are allowed to smoke **cigarettes** here because this is a smoking area
- ko: 환자
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v24.mp3
en: patients
examples:
- ko: "옛날에 담배를 많이 피운 **환자**가 많아요"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s3.mp3
en: There are a lot of **patients** who smoked a lot a long time ago
- ko: 의사가 **환자**에게 열이 다 내렸냐고 물어봤어요
en: the doctor asked the **patient** if his/her fever went down
- ko: "**환자**분이 느끼는 고통은 부작용 중 하나 일 뿐이에요"
en: The pain you (the **patient**) are feeling is just one of the side effects
- ko: 옷걸이
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v25.mp3
en: clothes hanger
notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "옫꺼리"
examples:
- ko: 옷을 말릴 때 **옷걸이**에 걸어서 말리는 것이 좋아요
en: When you dry your clothes, it is good to put them on a **hanger** and dry them
- ko: 국제
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v26.mp3
en: international
notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "국쩨"
examples:
- ko: "우리 학교의 목적은 **국제**고등학교가 되는 것이다"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s6.mp3
en: Our school's goal is becoming an **international** school
- ko: 일반
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v27.mp3
en: usual, normal, typical
notes: |
<p>This word is usually placed before a noun to describe it as something that is "normal" or "not special." For example: "일반 사람" = "most people (typical people - the people who are typical)"</p>
examples:
- ko: 고속도로가 막혀서 **일반** 길로 갈 거예요
en: The highway is jammed, so I will take the **normal** road
- ko: 급행열차가 출발하자마자 **일반** 전철이 역에 들어왔어요
en: As soon as the express train left, the **regular** train came into the station
- ko: 사이
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v28.mp3
en: space, gap
notes: |
<p>If you place 사이 after nouns, it represents the space between them. For example: "저는 차 두 대 사이에서 서 있어요" = "I am standing between two cars"</p>
<p>It is also used to indicate that the relationship "between" people: "저와 학생들 사이는 좋아요" = "The relationship between my students and me is good"</p>
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.</p>
<p><YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" /></p>
examples:
- ko: 저는 차 두 대 **사이**에서 서 있어요
en: I am standing **between** two cars
- ko: 그 건물과 우리 학교 **사이**에 사거리가 있어요
en: There is an intersection **between** our school and that building
- ko: 저와 학생들 **사이**는 좋아요
en: The relationship **between** my students and me is good
- ko: 밖
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v29.mp3
en: the outside of something
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "박"</p>
<p>밖 can be placed after a noun to mean "outside" of that noun. For example: "건물 밖에" = "outside the building"</p>
<p>It can also be used on its own to refer to "outside" in general. For example: "밖이 너무 추워요" = "It's so cold outside!"</p>
examples:
- ko: "**밖**에 일찍 나가려고 숙제를 빨리 했어요"
en: I did my homework fast so that I could go **out (outside)**
- ko: 나는 **밖**에 별로 나가고 싶지 않아
en: I don't really want to go **outside**
- ko: 제가 밥을 먹은 후에 **밖**에 나갈 거예요
en: After I eat, I will go **outside**
- ko: 저는 **밖**에 갈 수 없을 거라고 했어요
en: I said I can't go **outside**/won't be able to go **outside**
- ko: 그는 잠옷 차림으로 **밖**에 나갔어요
en: He went **outside** wearing his pajamas
---
# Lesson 26: \~는 것 Describing Nouns with Verbs
## Vocabulary
<VocabQuiz />
### Nouns
아줌마 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">middle aged/older woman</span>
@@ -48,13 +386,14 @@ Examples:
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “복또”
Common Usages:
좁은 복도 = narrow hallway
긴 복도 = long hallway
- 좁은 복도 = <span class="md spoiler">narrow hallway</span>
- 긴 복도 = <span class="md spoiler">long hallway</span>
Examples:
- 복도에서 달리는 것은 위험해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s14.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">It is dangerous to run in the hallway</span>
- 이 복도를 걸레로 다 청소하는 데 시간이 많이 필요할 것 같아요 = It will probably take a long time to clean this hallway with just a rag
- 이 복도를 걸레로 다 청소하는 데 시간이 많이 필요할 것 같아요 = <span class="md spoiler">It will probably take a long time to clean this hallway with just a rag</span>
</Details>
@@ -65,17 +404,18 @@ Examples:
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “목쩍”
Common Usages:
목적을 이루다 = to achieve a goal
목적을 달성하다 = to achieve a goal
목적을 세우다 = to set a goal
목적어 = an object (in a sentence ), in other words, the thing that “\~을/를” is attached to
목적지 = destination (the “goal” place)
- 목적을 이루다 = <span class="md spoiler">to achieve a goal</span>
- 목적을 달성하다 = <span class="md spoiler">to achieve a goal</span>
- 목적을 세우다 = <span class="md spoiler">to set a goal</span>
- 목적어 = <span class="md spoiler">an object (in a sentence), in other words, the thing that “\~을/를” is attached to</span>
- 목적지 = <span class="md spoiler">destination (the “goal” place)</span>
Examples:
- 저는 목적을 이루지 못했어요 = I couldn’t achieve my goal
- 저는 목적을 이루지 못했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I couldn’t achieve my goal</span>
- 우리 학교의 목적은 국제고등학교가 되는 것이다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Our school’s goal is becoming an international school</span>
- 친구와 여행의 목적을 정하고 여행 일정을 대충 만들었어요 = I set the goals of the trip with my friend and then made rough travel plans
- 친구와 여행의 목적을 정하고 여행 일정을 대충 만들었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I set the goals of the trip with my friend and then made rough travel plans</span>
</Details>
@@ -85,16 +425,20 @@ Examples:
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “목쩍찌”
Notes: As you know, “목적” translates to “goal.” 지 is a common [Hanja character (地)](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/hanja-lesson-15/) that refers to land or a place. Together, “목적지” literally refers to the “goal” place or “the place one is headed towards.” This is easier translated to just “destination.”
Notes:
As you know, “목적” translates to “<span class="md spoiler">goal</span>.” 지 is a common [Hanja character (地)](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/hanja-lesson-15/) that refers to land or a place. Together, “목적지” literally refers to the “goal” place or “the place one is headed towards.” This is easier translated to just “destination.”
Common Usages:
목적지에 도착하다 = to arrive at a destination
목적지를 정하다 = to decide on a destination
최종목적지 = final destination
- 목적지에 도착하다 = <span class="md spoiler">to arrive at a destination</span>
- 목적지를 정하다 = <span class="md spoiler">to decide on a destination</span>
- 최종목적지 = <span class="md spoiler">final destination</span>
Examples:
우리가 목적지에 거의 도착했어요 = We have almost arrived at our destination
최종목적지가 어디예요? = Where is your final destination?
- 우리가 목적지에 거의 도착했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">We have almost arrived at our destination</span>
- 최종목적지가 어디예요? = <span class="md spoiler">Where is your final destination?</span>
</Details>
@@ -105,14 +449,16 @@ Examples:
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “국까”
Common Usages:
공산국가 = communist nation
민주국가 = democratic nation
국가주의자 = nationalist
국가대표팀 = national team
- 공산국가 = <span class="md spoiler">communist nation</span>
- 민주국가 = <span class="md spoiler">democratic nation</span>
- 국가주의자 = <span class="md spoiler">nationalist</span>
- 국가대표팀 = <span class="md spoiler">national team</span>
Examples:
모든 국가의 자원은 국민이다 = The resource of all nations is its people
30개의 유럽국가에서 각 나라 대표들이 왔어요 = Representatives from 30 European nations came
- 모든 국가의 자원은 국민이다 = <span class="md spoiler">The resource of all nations is its people</span>
- 30개의 유럽국가에서 각 나라 대표들이 왔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Representatives from 30 European nations came</span>
</Details>
@@ -122,10 +468,10 @@ Examples:
Examples:
- 여기는 역사적인 동네입니다 = This (here) is a historical neighborhood
- 어느 동네에서 살아요? = Which neighborhood do you live in?
- 그 동네에는 가난한 사람이 많아요 = There are many poor people in that neighborhood
- 이 동네에서 산 지 얼마나 되었어요? = How long have you lived in this neighborhood for?
- 여기는 역사적인 동네입니다 = <span class="md spoiler">This (here) is a historical neighborhood</span>
- 어느 동네에서 살아요? = <span class="md spoiler">Which neighborhood do you live in?</span>
- 그 동네에는 가난한 사람이 많아요 = <span class="md spoiler">There are many poor people in that neighborhood</span>
- 이 동네에서 산 지 얼마나 되었어요? = <span class="md spoiler">How long have you lived in this neighborhood for?</span>
- 이 동네에서 축구를 잘 하는 청소년들이 많아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">There are a lot of kids who are good at playing soccer in this neighborhood</span>
[This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.]
@@ -141,11 +487,13 @@ Examples:
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “학삐”
Common Usages:
학비를 내다 = to pay one’s tuition
- 학비를 내다 = <span class="md spoiler">to pay one’s tuition</span>
Examples:
학비를 언제까지 내야 돼요? = Until when do I have to pay my tuition?
저는 그 대학교에 가고 싶지만 학비가 너무 비싸요 = I want to go to that university, but the tuition is too expensive
- 학비를 언제까지 내야 돼요? = <span class="md spoiler">Until when do I have to pay my tuition?</span>
- 저는 그 대학교에 가고 싶지만 학비가 너무 비싸요 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to go to that university, but the tuition is too expensive</span>
</Details>
@@ -154,8 +502,9 @@ Examples:
<Details>
Examples:
군대에서는 사람들이 무기훈련을 받아요 = People in the army receive weapon training
학교에서 무기를 가지고 있는 것은 불법입니다 = It is illegal to carry a weapon in school
- 군대에서는 사람들이 무기훈련을 받아요 = <span class="md spoiler">People in the army receive weapon training</span>
- 학교에서 무기를 가지고 있는 것은 불법입니다 = <span class="md spoiler">It is illegal to carry a weapon in school</span>
</Details>
@@ -163,15 +512,19 @@ Examples:
<Details>
Notes: This word is commonly yelled by Korean people if somebody asks a question to a large group. The group is usually students, but they could also be contestants on a game show or some quiz show on TV. It is common for the person who knows the correct answer to raise his/her hand and yell “정답!”
Notes:
This word is commonly yelled by Korean people if somebody asks a question to a large group. The group is usually students, but they could also be contestants on a game show or some quiz show on TV. It is common for the person who knows the correct answer to raise his/her hand and yell “정답!”
Common Usages:
정답을 알다 = to know the right answer
정답을 맞추다 = to guess the right answer
- 정답을 알다 = <span class="md spoiler">to know the right answer</span>
- 정답을 맞추다 = <span class="md spoiler">to guess the right answer</span>
Examples:
그는 정답을 아는 척했어요 = He pretended to know the right answer
정답을 안다면 손을 들어! = If you know the correct answer, raise your hand!
- 그는 정답을 아는 척했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">He pretended to know the right answer</span>
- 정답을 안다면 손을 들어! = <span class="md spoiler">If you know the correct answer, raise your hand!</span>
</Details>
@@ -181,9 +534,9 @@ Examples:
Examples:
- 청소년들은 그들 자신을 사랑하지 않는다 = Young people don’t love themselves
- 이 지역에 청소년을 데려와서는 안 돼요 = You shouldn’t bring young people to this area
- 일본에서 성인들은 미국 청소년보다 만화책을 더 많이 읽어요 = In Japan, adults read more comic books than kids do in America
- 청소년들은 그들 자신을 사랑하지 않는다 = <span class="md spoiler">Young people don’t love themselves</span>
- 이 지역에 청소년을 데려와서는 안 돼요 = <span class="md spoiler">You shouldn’t bring young people to this area</span>
- 일본에서 성인들은 미국 청소년보다 만화책을 더 많이 읽어요 = <span class="md spoiler">In Japan, adults read more comic books than kids do in America</span>
- 이 동네에서 축구를 잘 하는 청소년들이 많아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">There are a lot of kids who are good at playing soccer in this neighborhood</span>
</Details>
@@ -192,13 +545,18 @@ Examples:
<Details>
Notes: 지역 and 구역 are often confused. 지역 is more about the area of a city or country. Like 경기도 지역 (the area of 경기 province) or something like that. 구역 is more about the area of any other place, like a specific designated area of a building or park or something like that (for example, 견인구역 = tow away zone)
Notes:
지역 and 구역 are often confused. 지역 is more about the area of a city or country. Like 경기도 지역 (the area of 경기 province) or something like that. 구역 is more about the area of any other place, like a specific designated area of a building or park or something like that (for example, 견인구역 = tow away zone)
Common Usages:
지역 번호 = area code
Examples: 우리가 사는 지역이 조금 위험해요 = The area we live in is a little bit dangerous
이 지역에 청소년을 데려와서는 안 돼요 = You shouldn’t bring young people to this area
- 지역 번호 = <span class="md spoiler">area code</span>
Examples:
- 우리가 사는 지역이 조금 위험해요 = <span class="md spoiler">The area we live in is a little bit dangerous</span>
- 이 지역에 청소년을 데려와서는 안 돼요 = <span class="md spoiler">You shouldn’t bring young people to this area</span>
</Details>
@@ -207,17 +565,18 @@ Examples: 우리가 사는 지역이 조금 위험해요 = The area we live in i
<Details>
Common Usages:
경기장 = sports stadium
경기력 = sports performance
- 경기장 = <span class="md spoiler">sports stadium</span>
- 경기력 = <span class="md spoiler">sports performance</span>
Examples:
우리는 3대 2로 경기를 이겼어요 = We won the game 3 to 2
우리는 다른 팀을 농구경기에서 이겼어요 = We beat the other team in the basketball game
축구경기를 보면서 맥주를 마셨어요 = I watched the match while drinking beer
축구 경기를 내일 보러 갈래요? = Shall we go to see a soccer game tomorrow?
야구 경기에서 두산은 LG를 이기게 되었어요 = Doosan ended up beating LG in the baseball game
제가 생각한 대로 태권도 올림픽 경기에서 대한민국 선수는 일본 선수를 이겼어요 = As I thought, the Korean athlete beat the Japanese athlete in the Taekwondo match
- 우리는 3대 2로 경기를 이겼어요 = <span class="md spoiler">We won the game 3 to 2</span>
- 우리는 다른 팀을 농구경기에서 이겼어요 = <span class="md spoiler">We beat the other team in the basketball game</span>
- 축구경기를 보면서 맥주를 마셨어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I watched the match while drinking beer</span>
- 축구 경기를 내일 보러 갈래요? = <span class="md spoiler">Shall we go to see a soccer game tomorrow?</span>
- 야구 경기에서 두산은 LG를 이기게 되었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Doosan ended up beating LG in the baseball game</span>
- 제가 생각한 대로 태권도 올림픽 경기에서 대한민국 선수는 일본 선수를 이겼어요 = <span class="md spoiler">As I thought, the Korean athlete beat the Japanese athlete in the Taekwondo match</span>
</Details>
@@ -226,15 +585,16 @@ Examples:
<Details>
Common Usages:
시험 점수 = exam score
높은 점수 = high score
낮은 점수 = low score
- 시험 점수 = <span class="md spoiler">exam score</span>
- 높은 점수 = <span class="md spoiler">high score</span>
- 낮은 점수 = <span class="md spoiler">low score</span>
Examples:
- 제가 받을 점수는 중요해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson26-31.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The score I will receive is important</span>
- 학생들한테 점수를 안 보여줘도 돼요 = I/you don’t need to show the scores to the students
- 학생들이 자기의 점수가 너무 낮다고 불평하지 않았으면 좋겠어요 = I wish students didn’t complain that their score was too low
- 학생들한테 점수를 안 보여줘도 돼요 = <span class="md spoiler">I/you don’t need to show the scores to the students</span>
- 학생들이 자기의 점수가 너무 낮다고 불평하지 않았으면 좋겠어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I wish students didn’t complain that their score was too low</span>
</Details>
@@ -242,23 +602,23 @@ Examples:
<Details>
Notes: In English, we call athletes who play game-like sports “players.” For example, a basketball “player.” However, other athletes are not called “players,” for example, it would be unnatural to call a swimmer a “swimming player.” In Korean, the word 선수 is used to refer to any athlete of any sport.
Notes:
In English, we call athletes who play game-like sports “players.” For example, a basketball “player.” However, other athletes are not called “players,” for example, it would be unnatural to call a swimmer a “swimming player.” In Korean, the word 선수 is used to refer to any athlete of any sport.
Common Usages:
축구선수 = soccer player
농구선수 = basketball player
수영선수 = swimmer
- 축구선수 = <span class="md spoiler">soccer player</span>
- 농구선수 = <span class="md spoiler">basketball player</span>
- 수영선수 = <span class="md spoiler">swimmer</span>
Examples:
야구선수는 공을 세게 던졌어요 = The baseball player threw the ball hard
그는 축구선수만큼 달리기를 잘해요 = He runs as well as a soccer athlete/player
선수는 숨을 못 쉬도록 뛰었어요 = The athlete ran to the extent that he couldn’t breathe
선수가 공을 골대에 넣자마자 관중들은 환호하기 시작했어요
= As soon as the player put the ball into the net, the spectators/crowd started cheering
제가 생각한 대로 태권도 올림픽 경기에서 대한민국 선수는 일본 선수를 이겼어요
= As I thought, the Korean athlete beat the Japanese athlete in the Taekwondo match
- 야구선수는 공을 세게 던졌어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The baseball player threw the ball hard</span>
- 그는 축구선수만큼 달리기를 잘해요 = <span class="md spoiler">He runs as well as a soccer athlete/player</span>
- 선수는 숨을 못 쉬도록 뛰었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The athlete ran to the extent that he couldn’t breathe</span>
- 선수가 공을 골대에 넣자마자 관중들은 환호하기 시작했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">As soon as the player put the ball into the net, the spectators/crowd started cheering</span>
- 제가 생각한 대로 태권도 올림픽 경기에서 대한민국 선수는 일본 선수를 이겼어요 = <span class="md spoiler">As I thought, the Korean athlete beat the Japanese athlete in the Taekwondo match</span>
</Details>
@@ -268,17 +628,21 @@ Examples:
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “목쑴”
Notes: This word translates to “life” but is usually used when one ‘loses,’ ‘saves,’ or ‘dedicates’ a life.
Notes:
This word translates to “life” but is usually used when one ‘loses,’ ‘saves,’ or ‘dedicates’ a life.
Common Usages:
목숨을 잃었다 = to lose a life (to die)
목숨을 걸다 = to risk one’s life
목숨을 살리다 = to save one’s life
목숨을 바치다 = to dedicate one’s life
- 목숨을 잃었다 = <span class="md spoiler">to lose a life (to die)</span>
- 목숨을 걸다 = <span class="md spoiler">to risk one’s life</span>
- 목숨을 살리다 = <span class="md spoiler">to save one’s life</span>
- 목숨을 바치다 = <span class="md spoiler">to dedicate one’s life</span>
Examples:
사람 네 명은 목숨을 잃었다 = Four people lost their lives
그 사람은 사고로 인해 목숨을 잃었어요 = That person died from due to a car accident
- 사람 네 명은 목숨을 잃었다 = <span class="md spoiler">Four people lost their lives</span>
- 그 사람은 사고로 인해 목숨을 잃었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">That person died from due to a car accident</span>
</Details>
@@ -287,12 +651,14 @@ Examples:
<Details>
Common Usages:
모기에 물리다 = to be bitten by a mosquito
모기를 퇴치하다 = to get rid of “eradicate” mosquitos
- 모기에 물리다 = <span class="md spoiler">to be bitten by a mosquito</span>
- 모기를 퇴치하다 = <span class="md spoiler">to get rid of “eradicate” mosquitos</span>
Example:
숲에는 모기가 많아요 = There are a lot of mosquitos in the forest
모기가 파리보다 잡아죽이는 것이 더 쉬워요 = It is easier to catch and kill mosquitos than flies
- 숲에는 모기가 많아요 = <span class="md spoiler">There are a lot of mosquitos in the forest</span>
- 모기가 파리보다 잡아죽이는 것이 더 쉬워요 = <span class="md spoiler">It is easier to catch and kill mosquitos than flies</span>
</Details>
@@ -300,14 +666,18 @@ Example:
<Details>
Notes: Although this typically translates to “waist,” Korean people often say “허리(가) 아프다” when their lower-back is sore. For example, if somebody came home after a hard day of work with lots of standing around and/or physical labor, he/she would say “아우! 허리 아파!” In English, it would be unnatural to say “Ahh! My waist hurts!” It would be more natural to say “My back hurts.”
Notes:
Although this typically translates to “waist,” Korean people often say “허리(가) 아프다” when their lower-back is sore. For example, if somebody came home after a hard day of work with lots of standing around and/or physical labor, he/she would say “아우! 허리 아파!” In English, it would be unnatural to say “Ahh! My waist hurts!” It would be more natural to say “My back hurts.”
Common Usages:
허리가 아프다 = for one’s back to be sore
허리를 구부리다/굽히다 = to bend over
- 허리가 아프다 = <span class="md spoiler">for one’s back to be sore</span>
- 허리를 구부리다/굽히다 = <span class="md spoiler">to bend over</span>
Examples:
하루 종일 일을 해서 이제 허리가 아파요 = My back is sore after working all day
- 하루 종일 일을 해서 이제 허리가 아파요 = <span class="md spoiler">My back is sore after working all day</span>
</Details>
@@ -318,11 +688,14 @@ Examples:
Notes: When talking about the moons of other planets, the word “위성” (which typically translates to “satellite”) is used.
Common Usages:
달력 = calendar
초승달 = a crescent shaped moon
보름달 = a full moon
Examples: 오늘 달이 왠지 아주 커 보여요 = For some reason the moon looks big tonight
- 달력 = <span class="md spoiler">calendar</span>
- 초승달 = <span class="md spoiler">a crescent shaped moon</span>
- 보름달 = <span class="md spoiler">a full moon</span>
Examples:
- 오늘 달이 왠지 아주 커 보여요 = <span class="md spoiler">For some reason the moon looks big tonight</span>
</Details>
@@ -331,15 +704,17 @@ Examples: 오늘 달이 왠지 아주 커 보여요 = For some reason the moon l
<Details>
Common Usages:
인사말 = greeting words
인사를 받다 = to receive a greeting
인사를 드리다 = to give a greeting (to greet a person in a formal way - like to a boss or something)
인사를 주고받다 = to exchange greetings
- 인사말 = <span class="md spoiler">greeting words</span>
- 인사를 받다 = <span class="md spoiler">to receive a greeting</span>
- 인사를 드리다 = <span class="md spoiler">to give a greeting (to greet a person in a formal way - like to a boss or something)</span>
- 인사를 주고받다 = <span class="md spoiler">to exchange greetings</span>
Examples:
할아버지께 인사를 드리고 싶어요 = I want to greet my grandfather
저는 친구에게 반갑게 인사했어요 = I greeted my friend happily
그 사람에게 인사하기 싫어서 다른 사람과 통화하고 있는 척했어요 = I didn’t want to say ‘hi’ to (greet) that person, so I pretended to be talking on the phone with somebody else
- 할아버지께 인사를 드리고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to greet my grandfather</span>
- 저는 친구에게 반갑게 인사했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I greeted my friend happily</span>
- 그 사람에게 인사하기 싫어서 다른 사람과 통화하고 있는 척했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t want to say ‘hi’ to (greet) that person, so I pretended to be talking on the phone with somebody else</span>
</Details>
@@ -347,10 +722,13 @@ Examples:
<Details>
Notes: When Korean people put “salt” on the road, they refer to it as “염화칼슘” (Calcium Chloride)
Notes:
When Korean people put “salt” on the road, they refer to it as “염화칼슘” (Calcium Chloride)
Common Usages:
소금을 뿌리다 = to sprinkle some salt
- 소금을 뿌리다 = <span class="md spoiler">to sprinkle some salt</span>
Example:
@@ -363,16 +741,17 @@ Example:
<Details>
Common Usages:
담배를 피우다 = to smoke cigarettes
담뱃값 = the price of cigarettes
담배에 중독되다 = to be addicted to cigarettes
담배를 끊다 = to quit smoking
- 담배를 피우다 = <span class="md spoiler">to smoke cigarettes</span>
- 담뱃값 = <span class="md spoiler">the price of cigarettes</span>
- 담배에 중독되다 = <span class="md spoiler">to be addicted to cigarettes</span>
- 담배를 끊다 = <span class="md spoiler">to quit smoking</span>
Examples:
- 담배를 피우는 것은 건강에 나빠요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s8.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">It is unhealthy to smoke cigarettes</span>
- 옛날에 담배를 많이 피운 환자가 많아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">There are a lot of patients who smoked a lot a long time ago</span>
- 이곳은 흡연 구역이라서 담배를 피워도 돼요 = You are allowed to smoke here because this is a smoking area
- 이곳은 흡연 구역이라서 담배를 피워도 돼요 = <span class="md spoiler">You are allowed to smoke here because this is a smoking area</span>
</Details>
@@ -381,27 +760,30 @@ Examples:
<Details>
Common Usages:
응급환자 = emergency patient
- 응급환자 = <span class="md spoiler">emergency patient</span>
Examples:
- 옛날에 담배를 많이 피운 환자가 많아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">There are a lot of patients who smoked a lot a long time ago</span>
- 의사가 환자에게 열이 다 내렸냐고 물어봤어요 = the doctor asked the patient if his/her fever went down
- 환자분이 느끼는 고통은 부작용 중 하나 일 뿐이에요 = The pain you (the patient) are feeling is just one of the side effects
- 의사가 환자에게 열이 다 내렸냐고 물어봤어요 = <span class="md spoiler">the doctor asked the patient if his/her fever went down</span>
- 환자분이 느끼는 고통은 부작용 중 하나 일 뿐이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">The pain you (the patient) are feeling is just one of the side effects</span>
</Details>
옷걸이 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v25.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">hanger</span>
옷걸이 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v25.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">clothes hanger</span>
<Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “옫꺼리”
Common Usages:
옷걸이에 옷을 걸다 = to hang clothes with a hanger
- 옷걸이에 옷을 걸다 = <span class="md spoiler">to hang clothes with a hanger</span>
Examples:
옷을 말릴 때 옷걸이에 걸어서 말리는 것이 좋아요 = When you dry your clothes, it is good to put them on a hanger and dry them
- 옷을 말릴 때 옷걸이에 걸어서 말리는 것이 좋아요 = <span class="md spoiler">When you dry your clothes, it is good to put them on a hanger and dry them</span>
</Details>
@@ -412,14 +794,15 @@ Examples:
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “국쩨”
Common Usages:
인천국제공항 = Incheon International Airport
국제운전면허증 = international driver’s license
국제학교 = international school
국제무역 = international trade
국제화 = internationalization
국제경제 = international economics
국제정치 = international politics
국제사회 = international community
- 인천국제공항 = <span class="md spoiler">Incheon International Airport</span>
- 국제운전면허증 = <span class="md spoiler">international driver’s license</span>
- 국제학교 = <span class="md spoiler">international school</span>
- 국제무역 = <span class="md spoiler">international trade</span>
- 국제화 = <span class="md spoiler">internationalization</span>
- 국제경제 = <span class="md spoiler">international economics</span>
- 국제정치 = <span class="md spoiler">international politics</span>
- 국제사회 = <span class="md spoiler">international community</span>
Example:
@@ -431,16 +814,21 @@ Example:
<Details>
Notes: This word is usually placed before a noun to describe it as something that is “normal” or “not special.” For example:
Notes:
일반 사람 = most people (typical people - the people who are typical)
일반 국가 = most countries (typical countries - the countries that are typical)
This word is usually placed before a noun to describe it as something that is “normal” or “not special.” For example:
- 일반 사람 = <span class="md spoiler">most people (typical people - the people who are typical)</span>
- 일반 국가 = <span class="md spoiler">most countries (typical countries - the countries that are typical)</span>
Common Usages:
일반적으로 = typically
- 일반적으로 = typically
Examples:
고속도로가 막혀서 일반 길로 갈 거예요 = The highway is jammed, so I will take the normal road급행열차가 출발하자마자 일반 전철이 역에 들어왔어요 = As soon as the express train left, the regular train came into the station
- 고속도로가 막혀서 일반 길로 갈 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">The highway is jammed, so I will take the normal road</span>
- 급행열차가 출발하자마자 일반 전철이 역에 들어왔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">As soon as the express train left, the regular train came into the station</span>
</Details>
@@ -448,13 +836,16 @@ Examples:
<Details>
Notes: If you place 사이 after nouns, it represents the space between them. For example:
Notes:
저는 차 두 대 사이에서 서 있어요 = I am standing between two cars
그 건물과 우리 학교 사이에 사거리가 있어요 = There is an intersection between our school and that building
If you place 사이 after nouns, it represents the space between them. For example:
- 저는 차 두 대 사이에서 서 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I am standing between two cars</span>
- 그 건물과 우리 학교 사이에 사거리가 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">There is an intersection between our school and that building</span>
It is also used to indicate that the relationship “between” people:
저와 학생들 사이는 좋아요 = The relationship between my students and me is good
- 저와 학생들 사이는 좋아요 = <span class="md spoiler">The relationship between my students and me is good</span>
[This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.]
@@ -469,22 +860,26 @@ It is also used to indicate that the relationship “between” people:
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “박”
Notes: 밖 can be placed after a noun to mean “outside” of that noun. For example:
건물 밖에 = outside the building
학교 밖에 = outside the school
- 건물 밖에 = <span class="md spoiler">outside the building</span>
- 학교 밖에 = <span class="md spoiler">outside the school</span>
It can also be used on its own to refer to “outside” in general. For example:
밖이 너무 추워요 = It’s so cold outside!
- 밖이 너무 추워요 = <span class="md spoiler">It’s so cold outside!</span>
Common Usages:
밖으로 나가다 = to go outside
뜻밖에 = unexpectedly
- 밖으로 나가다 = <span class="md spoiler">to go outside</span>
- 뜻밖에 = <span class="md spoiler">unexpectedly</span>
Examples:
밖에 일찍 나가려고 숙제를 빨리 했어요 = I did my homework fast so that I could go out
나는 밖에 별로 나가고 싶지 않아 = I don’t really want to go outside
제가 밥을 먹은 후에 밖에 나갈 거예요 = After I eat, I will go outside
저는 밖에 갈 수 없을 거라고 했어요 = I said I can’t go outside/won’t be able to go outside
그는 잠옷 차림으로 밖에 나갔어요 = He went outside wearing his pajamas
- 밖에 일찍 나가려고 숙제를 빨리 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I did my homework fast so that I could go out</span>
- 나는 밖에 별로 나가고 싶지 않아 = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t really want to go outside</span>
- 제가 밥을 먹은 후에 밖에 나갈 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">After I eat, I will go outside</span>
- 저는 밖에 갈 수 없을 거라고 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I said I can’t go outside/won’t be able to go outside</span>
- 그는 잠옷 차림으로 밖에 나갔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">He went outside wearing his pajamas</span>
</Details>
@@ -882,7 +1277,7 @@ This lesson is long. Very long. Please read the _entire_ lesson to fully underst
## \~는 것: Modifying Nouns with Verbs
Adjectives (in Korean and in English) get placed before nouns to describe them. You learned this a long time ago in [Lesson 4](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-4/ "Lesson 4: Korean Adjectives ~ㄴ/은"). You learned that when you want to use an adjective to describe a noun, you must add \~ㄴ/은 to the stem of the adjective. For example:
Adjectives (in Korean and in English) get placed before nouns to describe them. You learned this a long time ago in [Lesson 4](../unit-1/04-adjectives.md). You learned that when you want to use an adjective to describe a noun, you must add \~ㄴ/은 to the stem of the adjective. For example:
예쁘다 = 예쁜
똑똑하다 = 똑똑한
@@ -1200,7 +1595,7 @@ Many more examples:
- 저는 그 사람이 저에게 줄 선물을 받고 싶지 않아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson26-30.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t want to accept the gift that that person will give me</span>
- 제가 받을 점수는 중요해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson26-31.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The score I will receive is important</span>
In [Lesson 9](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/unit-1-lesson-9/), you learned how to create a future tense conjugation by attaching \~ㄹ/을 것이다 to words. For example, in Lesson 9, you saw this sentence:
In [Lesson 9](../unit-1/09-conjugate-이다.md), you learned how to create a future tense conjugation by attaching \~ㄹ/을 것이다 to words. For example, in Lesson 9, you saw this sentence:
- 저는 밥을 먹을 것이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-9-20-I-will-eat-rice.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will eat rice</span>