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@@ -931,15 +931,15 @@ I wish I could tell you not to worry about these. Of course, I can tell you “d
In Korean, it is much easier to understand these words/phrases if you also understand why they are used the way they are. Unfortunately, we haven’t reached the point where you can understand this. We will get to that in a few more lessons. Either way, here are some very common phrases which I am sure you are dying to know: In Korean, it is much easier to understand these words/phrases if you also understand why they are used the way they are. Unfortunately, we haven’t reached the point where you can understand this. We will get to that in a few more lessons. Either way, here are some very common phrases which I am sure you are dying to know:
안녕히 가세요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-4-1.mp3" /> = Goodbye (said to somebody going) - 안녕히 가세요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-4-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Goodbye (said to somebody going)</span>
안녕히 계세요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-4-2.mp3" /> = Goodbye (said to somebody staying) - 안녕히 계세요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-4-2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Goodbye (said to somebody staying)</span>
만나서 반갑습니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-4-3.mp3" /> = Nice to meet you - 만나서 반갑습니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-4-3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Nice to meet you</span>
실례합니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-4-4.mp3" /> = Excuse me - 실례합니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-4-4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Excuse me</span>
죄송합니다/미안합니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-4-5.mp3" /> = Sorry - 죄송합니다 / 미안합니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-4-5.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Sorry</span>
이름이 뭐예요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-4-6.mp3" /> = What is your name? - 이름이 뭐예요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-4-6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">What is your name?</span>
저의 이름은 **\_\_**이에요 = My name is - 저의 이름은 **\_\_**이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">My name is \_\_</span>
어디에서 왔어요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-4-7.mp3" /> = Where are you from? - 어디에서 왔어요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-4-7.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Where are you from?</span>
저는 **\_\_\_**에서 왔어요 = I am from - 저는 **\_\_**에서 왔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I am from \_\_</span>
If you can’t memorize them, that is okay. I still maintain the position that _you should put off memorizing these until you can understand the grammar within them._ If you can’t memorize them, that is okay. I still maintain the position that _you should put off memorizing these until you can understand the grammar within them._
@@ -957,79 +957,81 @@ Although both of those are true (and always will be), let’s look at them more
- All sentences must end with either a verb or adjective - All sentences must end with either a verb or adjective
Yes, but verbs and adjectives can ALSO go elsewhere in a sentence. In the previous lesson, you learned this sentence: Yes, but verbs and adjectives can ALSO go elsewhere in a sentence. In the previous lesson, you learned this sentence:
저는 배를 원하다 = I want a boat - 저는 배를 원하다 = <span class="md spoiler">I want a boat</span>
(나는 배를 원해 / 저는 배를 원해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Lesson-4-new1.mp3" />) (나는 배를 원해 / 저는 배를 원해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Lesson-4-new1.mp3" />)
But what if you want to say: “I want a big boat.” In that sentence, there is a verb and an adjective. Where should we put the adjective? In Korean, this adjective is placed in the same position as in English. For example: But what if you want to say: “I want a big boat.” In that sentence, there is a verb and an adjective. Where should we put the adjective? In Korean, this adjective is placed in the same position as in English. For example:
나는 배를 원하다 = I want a boat - 나는 배를 원하다 = <span class="md spoiler">I want a boat</span>
나는 big 배를 원하다 = I want a big boat - 나는 big 배를 원하다 = <span class="md spoiler">I want a big boat</span>
Simple. So we just substitute the Korean word for big (크다) into that sentence?: Simple. So we just substitute the Korean word for big (크다) into that sentence?:
나는 크다 배를 원하다 = Not correct. Not by a long shot. - <del>나는 크다 배를 원하다 = Not correct. Not by a long shot.</del>
Remember that second rule I taught you?: Remember that second rule I taught you?:
- All verbs/adjectives end with the syllable ‘다’ - All verbs/adjectives end with the syllable ‘다’
– Yes, but the version of the word with ‘다’ as the last syllable is simply the dictionary form of that word and is rarely used. Every verb/adjective in Korean has a ‘stem,’ which is made up of everything preceding 다 in the dictionary form of the word. Let’s look at some examples: – Yes, but the version of the word with ‘다’ as the last syllable is simply the dictionary form of that word and is rarely used. Every verb/adjective in Korean has a ‘stem,’ which is made up of everything preceding 다 in the dictionary form of the word. Let’s look at some examples:
크다 = 크 (stem) + 다 ---
작다 = 작 (stem) + 다
좋다 = 좋 (stem) + 다 - 크다 = 크 (stem) + 다
길다 = 길 (stem) + 다 - 작다 = 작 (stem) + 다
배우다 = 배우 (stem) + 다 - 좋다 = 좋 (stem) + 다
- 길다 = 길 (stem) + 다
- 배우다 = 배우 (stem) + 다
---
Most of the time, when you deal with a verb/adjective, you eliminate ~다 and add something to the stem. Most of the time, when you deal with a verb/adjective, you eliminate ~다 and add something to the stem.
When you want to make an adjective that can describe a noun, as in: When you want to make an adjective that can describe a noun, as in:
small boy - small boy
big boat - big boat
delicious hamburger - delicious hamburger
soft hand - soft hand
you must eliminate ‘~다’ and add ~ㄴ or ~은 to the stem of the adjective. you must eliminate ‘~다’ and add ~ㄴ or ~은 to the stem of the adjective.
Words in which the last syllable of the stem ends in a vowel (크다/비싸다/싸다) you add ~ㄴ to the last syllable: Words in which the last syllable of the stem ends in a vowel (크다/비싸다/싸다) you add ~ㄴ to the last syllable:
| Word | Stem | Adjective that can describe a noun | Example | Translation | | Word | Stem | Adjective that can describe a noun | Example | Translation |
| ------ | ---- | ---------------------------------- | --------- | -------------- | | ------ | ---- | ---------------------------------- | --------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| 크다 | 크 | 큰 | 큰 배 | Big boat | | 크다 | 크 | 큰 | 큰 배 | <span class="md spoiler">Big boat</span> |
| 비싸다 | 비싸 | 비싼 | 비싼 음식 | Expensive food | | 비싸다 | 비싸 | 비싼 | 비싼 음식 | <span class="md spoiler">Expensive food</span> |
| 싸다 | 싸 | 싼 | 싼 것 | Cheap thing | | 싸다 | 싸 | 싼 | 싼 것 | <span class="md spoiler">Cheap thing</span> |
Words in which the last syllable of the stem ends in a consonant (작다/좋다/많다) you add ~은 to the stem: Words in which the last syllable of the stem ends in a consonant (작다/좋다/많다) you add ~은 to the stem:
| Word | Stem | Adjective that can describe a noun | Example | Translation | | Word | Stem | Adjective that can describe a noun | Example | Translation |
| ---- | ---- | ---------------------------------- | --------- | -------------- | | ---- | ---- | ---------------------------------- | --------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| 작다 | 작 | 작은 | 작은 남자 | Small man | | 작다 | 작 | 작은 | 작은 남자 | <span class="md spoiler">Small man</span> |
| 좋다 | 좋 | 좋은 | 좋은 아들 | Good son | | 좋다 | 좋 | 좋은 | 좋은 아들 | <span class="md spoiler">Good son</span> |
| 많다 | 많 | 많은 | 많은 돈 | A lot of money | | 많다 | 많 | 많은 | 많은 돈 | <span class="md spoiler">A lot of money</span> |
Looking back to what we were trying to write before: Looking back to what we were trying to write before:
I want a big boat = 저는 크다 배를 원하다 = incorrect - <del><span class="md spoiler">I want a big boat</span> = 저는 크다 배를 원하다 = incorrect</del>
I want a big boat = 저는 큰 배를 원하다 = correct - <span class="md spoiler">I want a big boat</span> = 저는 큰 배를 원하다 = correct
The key to understanding this is being able to understand the difference between the following: The key to understanding this is being able to understand the difference between the following:
음식은 비싸다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Food-is-expensive.mp3" /> = The food is expensive - 음식은 비싸다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Food-is-expensive.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The food is expensive</span>
비싼 음식 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Expensive-Food.mp3" /> = expensive food - 비싼 음식 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Expensive-Food.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">expensive food</span>
The first example is a sentence. The second example is not a sentence. The second sentence needs more words in order for it to be a sentence. You need to add either a verb or adjective that predicates the noun of “expensive food.” For example: The first example is a sentence. The second example is not a sentence. The second sentence needs more words in order for it to be a sentence. You need to add either a verb or adjective that predicates the noun of “expensive food.” For example:
나는 비싼 음식을 먹다 = I eat expensive food - 나는 비싼 음식을 먹다 = <span class="md spoiler">I eat expensive food</span>
(나는 비싼 음식을 먹어 / 저는 비싼 음식을 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/111.mp3" />) - (나는 비싼 음식을 먹어 / 저는 비싼 음식을 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/111.mp3" />)
The verb _“to eat”_ predicates this sentence. - The verb <span class="md spoiler">_“to eat”_</span> predicates this sentence.
- 저는 비싼 음식을 좋아하다 = <span class="md spoiler">I like expensive food</span>
저는 비싼 음식을 좋아하다 = I like expensive food - (나는 비싼 음식을 좋아해 / 저는 비싼 음식을 좋아해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/121.mp3" />)
(나는 비싼 음식을 좋아해 / 저는 비싼 음식을 좋아해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/121.mp3" />) - The verb <span class="md spoiler">_“to like”_</span> predicates this sentence.
The verb _“to like”_ predicates this sentence. - 비싼 음식은 맛있다 = <span class="md spoiler">Expensive food is delicious</span>
- (비싼 음식은 맛있어 / 비싼 음식은 맛있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/132.mp3" />)
비싼 음식은 맛있다 = Expensive food is delicious - The adjective <span class="md spoiler">_“to be delicious”_</span> predicates this sentence. Notice that there is no object in this sentence.
(비싼 음식은 맛있어 / 비싼 음식은 맛있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/132.mp3" />)
The adjective _“to be delicious”_ predicates this sentence. Notice that there is no object in this sentence.
--- ---
@@ -1041,71 +1043,66 @@ As with the previous three lessons, I have provided conjugated examples below ea
More examples of using adjectives to describe nouns within a sentence: More examples of using adjectives to describe nouns within a sentence:
나는 작은 집에 가다 = I go to the small house - 나는 작은 집에 가다 = <span class="md spoiler">I go to the small house</span>
(나는 작은 집에 가 / 저는 작은 집에 가요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-1.mp3" />) - (나는 작은 집에 가 / 저는 작은 집에 가요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-1.mp3" />)
- 나는 큰 차를 원하다 = <span class="md spoiler">I want a big car</span>
나는 큰 차를 원하다 = I want a big car - (나는 큰 차를 원해 / 저는 큰 차를 원해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/151.mp3" />)
(나는 큰 차를 원해 / 저는 큰 차를 원해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/151.mp3" />) - 나는 잘생긴 남자를 만나다 = <span class="md spoiler">I meet a handsome man</span>
- (나는 잘생긴 남자를 만나 / 저는 잘생긴 남자를 만나요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-2.mp3" />)
나는 잘생긴 남자를 만나다 = I meet a handsome man - 나는 많은 돈이 있다 = <span class="md spoiler">I have a lot of money</span>
(나는 잘생긴 남자를 만나 / 저는 잘생긴 남자를 만나요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-2.mp3" />) - (나는 많은 돈이 있어 / 저는 많은 돈이 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-3.mp3" />)
- 나는 뚱뚱한 학생을 만나다 = <span class="md spoiler">I meet a fat student</span>
나는 많은 돈이 있다 = I have a lot of money - (나는 뚱뚱한 학생을 만나 / 저는 뚱뚱한 학생을 만나요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-4-s9.mp3" />)
(나는 많은 돈이 있어 / 저는 많은 돈이 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-3.mp3" />)
나는 뚱뚱한 학생을 만나다 = I meet a fat student
(나는 뚱뚱한 학생을 만나 / 저는 뚱뚱한 학생을 만나요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-4-s9.mp3" />)
_In Lessons 1 and 2, I explained that adjectives cannot “act” on objects. Many learners look at the sentences above and say “Hey! Those sentences have an object and an adjective!” Adjectives cannot act on an object to predicate a sentence. This means you cannot use a sentence like this (in either language):_ _In Lessons 1 and 2, I explained that adjectives cannot “act” on objects. Many learners look at the sentences above and say “Hey! Those sentences have an object and an adjective!” Adjectives cannot act on an object to predicate a sentence. This means you cannot use a sentence like this (in either language):_
나는 집을 작다 = I small house <del>나는 집을 작다 = <span class="md spoiler">I small house</span></del>
_However, I didn’t say anything about adjectives and objects being used in the same sentence. Adjectives can be used to describe an object that is being predicated by a verb. I will continue to talk about this in the examples below._ _However, I didn’t say anything about adjectives and objects being used in the same sentence. Adjectives can be used to describe an object that is being predicated by a verb. I will continue to talk about this in the examples below._
In all of the examples above, notice the difference in function between when an adjective is used to describe a noun compared to when it is used to predicate a sentence. For example: In all of the examples above, notice the difference in function between when an adjective is used to describe a noun compared to when it is used to predicate a sentence. For example:
나는 작은 집에 가다 = I go to the small house - 나는 작은 집에 가다 = <span class="md spoiler">I go to the small house</span>
(나는 작은 집에 가 / 저는 작은 집에 가요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-1.mp3" />) - (나는 작은 집에 가 / 저는 작은 집에 가요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-1.mp3" />)
The verb _“to go”_ predicates this sentence. - The verb <span class="md spoiler">_“to go”_</span> predicates this sentence.
- 그 집은 작다 = <span class="md spoiler">That house is small</span>
그 집은 작다 = That house is small - (그 집은 작아 / 그 집은 작아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-4-s11.mp3" />)
(그 집은 작아 / 그 집은 작아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-4-s11.mp3" />) - The adjective <span class="md spoiler">_“to be small”_</span> predicates this sentence.
The adjective _“to be small”_ predicates this sentence. Notice that there is no object in this sentence. - Notice that there is no object in this sentence.
--- ---
저는 큰 차를 원하다 = I want a big car - 저는 큰 차를 원하다 = <span class="md spoiler">I want a big car</span>
(나는 큰 차를 원해 / 저는 큰 차를 원해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/151.mp3" />) - (나는 큰 차를 원해 / 저는 큰 차를 원해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/151.mp3" />)
The _verb “to want”_ predicates this sentence. - The verb <span class="md spoiler">_“to want”_</span> predicates this sentence.
- 이 차는 크다 = <span class="md spoiler">This car is big</span>
이 차는 크다 = This car is big - (이 차는 커 / 이 차는 커요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/221.mp3" />)
(이 차는 커 / 이 차는 커요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/221.mp3" />) - The adjective <span class="md spoiler">_“to be big”_</span> predicates this sentence.
The adjective _“to be big”_ predicates this sentence. Notice that there is no object in this sentence. - Notice that there is no object in this sentence.
--- ---
In each of the examples above, even though the adjective always acts as a descriptive word, in the cases when they are placed before nouns to describe them – those nouns are able to be placed anywhere in the sentence (for example, as the subject, object, location, or other places). This same thing happens in English, where I can have a simple sentence like this: In each of the examples above, even though the adjective always acts as a descriptive word, in the cases when they are placed before nouns to describe them – those nouns are able to be placed anywhere in the sentence (for example, as the subject, object, location, or other places). This same thing happens in English, where I can have a simple sentence like this:
남자는 음식을 먹다 = The man eats food - 남자는 음식을 먹다 = <span class="md spoiler">The man eats food</span>
(남자는 음식을 먹어 / 남자는 음식을 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/23.mp3" />) - (남자는 음식을 먹어 / 남자는 음식을 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/23.mp3" />)
I can use adjectives to describe each noun in the sentence. For example: I can use adjectives to describe each noun in the sentence. For example:
행복한 여자는 작은 차 안에 있다 = The happy girl is inside the small car - 행복한 여자는 작은 차 안에 있다 = <span class="md spoiler">The happy girl is inside the small car</span>
(행복한 여자는 작은 차 안에 있어 / 행복한 여자는 작은 차 안에 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/24.mp3" />) - (행복한 여자는 작은 차 안에 있어 / 행복한 여자는 작은 차 안에 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/24.mp3" />)
You will see some adjectives that end in “~있다.” The most common of these for a beginner are: You will see some adjectives that end in “~있다.” The most common of these for a beginner are:
맛있다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-42.mp3" /> = delicious - 맛있다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-42.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">delicious</span>
재미있다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-43.mp3" /> = fun, funny - 재미있다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-43.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">fun, funny</span>
When an adjective ends in “~있다” like this, instead of attaching ~ㄴ/은 to the stem, you must attach ~는 to the stem. For example: When an adjective ends in “~있다” like this, instead of attaching ~ㄴ/은 to the stem, you must attach ~는 to the stem. For example:
그 남자는 재미있는 남자이다 = that man is a funny man - 그 남자는 재미있는 남자이다 = <span class="md spoiler">that man is a funny man</span>
(그 남자는 재미있는 남자야 / 그 남자는 재미있는 남자예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-5.mp3" />) - (그 남자는 재미있는 남자야 / 그 남자는 재미있는 남자예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-5.mp3" />)
- 나는 맛있는 음식을 먹다 = <span class="md spoiler">I eat delicious food</span>
나는 맛있는 음식을 먹다 = I eat delicious food - (나는 맛있는 음식을 먹어 / 저는 맛있는 음식을 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-6.mp3" />)
(나는 맛있는 음식을 먹어 / 저는 맛있는 음식을 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-6.mp3" />)
The difference here is due to what I call the “~는 것” principle. For now, you do not need to think about why ~는 is added instead of ~ㄴ/은. It is sufficient at this point to just memorize it as an exception. The concept behind this grammatical rule is introduced in [Lesson 26](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-26/) and I continue to discuss it into [other Lessons in Unit 2](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/). This concept is related to _verb_ _s_ being able to describe nouns. For example: The difference here is due to what I call the “~는 것” principle. For now, you do not need to think about why ~는 is added instead of ~ㄴ/은. It is sufficient at this point to just memorize it as an exception. The concept behind this grammatical rule is introduced in [Lesson 26](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-26/) and I continue to discuss it into [other Lessons in Unit 2](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/). This concept is related to _verb_ _s_ being able to describe nouns. For example:
@@ -1117,14 +1114,12 @@ However, this is very complex and is the whole basis to the ~는 것 principle t
A good way to practice your understanding of how adjectives can be used to describe a noun in a sentence or to predicate an entire sentence is to apply your knowledge to the word “많다.” 많다 is an adjective that describes that there is “many’ or “a lot” of something. Its translation to English usually depends on how it is used in a sentence. For example, when used to describe nouns in a sentence, it can be used in the following way: A good way to practice your understanding of how adjectives can be used to describe a noun in a sentence or to predicate an entire sentence is to apply your knowledge to the word “많다.” 많다 is an adjective that describes that there is “many’ or “a lot” of something. Its translation to English usually depends on how it is used in a sentence. For example, when used to describe nouns in a sentence, it can be used in the following way:
나는 많은 음식을 먹다 = I eat a lot of food - 나는 많은 음식을 먹다 = <span class="md spoiler">I eat a lot of food</span>
(나는 많은 음식을 먹어 / 저는 많은 음식을 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-7.mp3" />) - (나는 많은 음식을 먹어 / 저는 많은 음식을 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-7.mp3" />)
- 나는 많은 돈이 있다 = <span class="md spoiler">I have a lot of money</span>
나는 많은 돈이 있다 = I have a lot of money - (나는 많은 돈이 있어 / 저는 많은 돈이 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-8.mp3" />)
(나는 많은 돈이 있어 / 저는 많은 돈이 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-8.mp3" />) - 나는 많은 아내가 있다 = <span class="md spoiler">I have a lot of wives (ha!)</span>
- (나는 많은 아내가 있어 / 저는 많은 아내가 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-9.mp3" />)
나는 많은 아내가 있다 = I have a lot of wives (ha!)
(나는 많은 아내가 있어 / 저는 많은 아내가 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-9.mp3" />)
Now, if we use “많다” to predicate a sentence, it can be used like this: Now, if we use “많다” to predicate a sentence, it can be used like this:
@@ -1136,13 +1131,13 @@ People are a lot of
… But that clearly is not accurate. Instead, what is the sentence “사람이 많다” describing? It is describing that there is a lot of something, therefore, the translation should be: … But that clearly is not accurate. Instead, what is the sentence “사람이 많다” describing? It is describing that there is a lot of something, therefore, the translation should be:
사람이 많다 = there is a lot of people - 사람이 많다 = <span class="md spoiler">there is a lot of people</span>
(사람이 많아 / 사람이 많아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-10.mp3" />) - (사람이 많아 / 사람이 많아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-10.mp3" />)
Therefore, when 많다 predicates a sentence, its translation is usually “There is/are a lot of…”. Here is another example: Therefore, when 많다 predicates a sentence, its translation is usually “There is/are a lot of…”. Here is another example:
음식이 많다 = there is a lot of food - 음식이 많다 = <span class="md spoiler">there is a lot of food</span>
(음식이 많아 / 음식이 많아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-11.mp3" />) - (음식이 많아 / 음식이 많아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-11.mp3" />)
Of course, this can be applied to very complex sentences as well, but this is just the very beginning. Eventually, you will be able to make a sentence like: Of course, this can be applied to very complex sentences as well, but this is just the very beginning. Eventually, you will be able to make a sentence like:
@@ -1160,33 +1155,30 @@ Also notice that the particles 이/가 are attached to the subjects in sentences
~도 is another particle that is very useful in Korean. It has the meaning of “too/as well.” It can replace the subject particles (는/은) OR the object particles (를/을), depending on what you are saying “too” with. For example: ~도 is another particle that is very useful in Korean. It has the meaning of “too/as well.” It can replace the subject particles (는/은) OR the object particles (를/을), depending on what you are saying “too” with. For example:
저도 한국어를 말하다 = I speak Korean as well (In addition to other people) - 저도 한국어를 말하다 = <span class="md spoiler">I speak Korean as well (In addition to other people)</span>
(나도 한국어를 말해 / 저**도** 한국어를 말해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-12.mp3" />) - (나도 한국어를 말해 / 저**도** 한국어를 말해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-12.mp3" />)
which is different from: which is different from:
저는 한국어도 말하다 = I speak Korean as well (in addition to other languages) - 저는 한국어도 말하다 = <span class="md spoiler">I speak Korean as well (in addition to other languages)</span>
(나는 한국어도 말해 / 저는 한국어**도** 말해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-13.mp3" />) - (나는 한국어도 말해 / 저는 한국어**도** 말해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-13.mp3" />)
Make sure you notice the difference between the previous two examples. In English these two are written the same, but sound different when speaking. In the first example, you are emphasizing that YOU also speak Korean, in addition to other people that you are talking about. In the second example, you are emphasizing that (in addition to other languages), you also speak Korean. Make sure you notice the difference between the previous two examples. In English these two are written the same, but sound different when speaking. In the first example, you are emphasizing that YOU also speak Korean, in addition to other people that you are talking about. In the second example, you are emphasizing that (in addition to other languages), you also speak Korean.
See the two examples below for the same issue: See the two examples below for the same issue:
저도 사과를 먹다 = I eat apples as well - 저도 사과를 먹다 = <span class="md spoiler">I eat apples as well</span>
(나도 사과를 먹어 / 저도 사과를 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-14.mp3" />) - (나도 사과를 먹어 / 저도 사과를 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-14.mp3" />)
- 저는 사과도 먹다 = <span class="md spoiler">I eat apples as well</span>
저는 사과도 먹다 = I eat apples as well - (나는 사과도 먹어 / 저는 사과도 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-15.mp3" />)
(나는 사과도 먹어 / 저는 사과도 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-15.mp3" />)
Notice the difference in pronunciation in English. The first one has the meaning of “other people eat some apples, but I too eat some apples.” The second example has the meaning of “I eat some other food as well, but I also eat apples.” It is important to recognize that whatever noun “~도” is attached to is the thing that is being expressed as “too.” More examples: Notice the difference in pronunciation in English. The first one has the meaning of “other people eat some apples, but I too eat some apples.” The second example has the meaning of “I eat some other food as well, but I also eat apples.” It is important to recognize that whatever noun “~도” is attached to is the thing that is being expressed as “too.” More examples:
나도 그것을 알다 = I know that, too - 나도 그것을 알다 = <span class="md spoiler">I know that, too</span>
(나도 그것을 알아 / 저도 그것을 알아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson4nnsent1.mp3" />) - (나도 그것을 알아 / 저도 그것을 알아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson4nnsent1.mp3" />)
- 나도 피곤하다 = <span class="md spoiler">I am tired, too</span>
나도 피곤하다 = I am tired, too - (나도 피곤해 / 저도 피곤해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-17.mp3" />)
(나도 피곤해 / 저도 피곤해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-17.mp3" />) - 나의 딸도 행복하다 = <span class="md spoiler">My daughter is happy, too</span>
- (나의 딸도 행복해 / 저의 딸도 행복해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-18.mp3" />)
나의 딸도 행복하다 = My daughter is happy, too
(나의 딸도 행복해 / 저의 딸도 행복해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sLesson-4-18.mp3" />)
<em>There are 1250 example sentences in Unit 1. <em>There are 1250 example sentences in Unit 1.
All entries are linked to an audio file. You can download all of these files in one package [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/audio/).</em> All entries are linked to an audio file. You can download all of these files in one package [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/audio/).</em>